RU2088127C1 - Feed plant for preparing of free-flowing feed mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, feed production. SUBSTANCE: feed preparing plant has line for grinding and mixing fibrous and succulent feeds, root line, concentrated feed line and line for collecting, accumulating, mixing and discharge of ready product. Fibrous and succulent feed grinding and mixing line has fibrous feed feeders-dosers 1 and succulent feed grinding and mixing feeder-doser 2. Feeders-dosers 1 and 2 have conveyors 4 and 5 and hoppers 6 and 7 and grinder- mixer 3 positioned between them. Bottoms of hoppers 6 and 7 are provided with discharge windows. Discharge window of grinder-mixer 3 is positioned below discharge window of succulent feed feeder-doser 2. Ground roots, concentrated feeds and fibrous and succulent feed mixture are delivered into mixer-accumulator 33 for further mixing with following discharge into mobile feeders by means of discharge conveyor 42. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and improved quality of feed. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feed production.

 A known production line for the preparation of bulk feed mixtures containing a roughage feeder with an unloading window, which is equipped with a device for separating foreign solid objects and is installed above the beginning of the collecting conveyor, a silo feeder, a sink-chopper and root crop metering device mounted above the collecting conveyor, two concentrated feed hoppers equipped with dispensers, which by means of a conveyor are connected to a modular conveyor (ed. St. USSR N 1138106, class A 23 N 17/00, 1985).

 The technological capabilities of this line are limited, as the line of roughage is inoperative when grinding rolls and bales; the possibility of short-term storage of the finished product is not provided; water is used in the sink-and-grinder of root crops and end-feeds are used only in finished form.

 Closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a complete set of equipment of the feed shop for the preparation of loose feed mixtures KORK-15A, containing loading devices connected by conveyors, feeder-dispensers of coarse and succulent feed with unloading windows, a feeder and a stone chopper, a washing of root crops, a batcher and concentrated bunkers feed, chopper mixer and unloading conveyor (Agricultural machinery catalog t.Z., M. Informgrotech, 1992, p.16 17).

 The disadvantages of this feed mill are the low quality of feed mixing due to the inoperability of the succulent feed line in the presence of lump silage and silage inclusions, as well as the limited technological capabilities due to the use of finished feedstuffs in the process and the lack of capacity for short-term accumulation of the finished product.

 The invention is aimed at solving the following problem: to improve the quality of feed mixing and to expand the technological capabilities of the feed workshop.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the feed mill for the preparation of loose feed mixtures, containing feed dispensers for coarse and succulent feed with unloading windows, a chopper-mixer, a feeder, a cleaner and a chopper of root crops, concentrated feed hoppers, an unloading conveyor, is additionally equipped with a mixer-drive, which is installed in front of the unloading conveyor and is functionally connected with a root crop chopper, a concentrated feed hopper and a mixer-grinder, -mounted between the metering feeder feeds, wherein Unloading mixer shredder box is located under the window unloading powder feeder rich feed. The unloading window of the feed metering feeder is located in the bottom of the hopper in the zone of 11.5 45 ^o from the vertical in the direction of its rotation. In addition, the feed mill is equipped with a feeder, storage hoppers, a metering hopper and a crusher, functionally connected with each other and, accordingly, with concentrated feed hoppers.

 The crusher is made in the form of a crushing and separation chambers connected by a curved pipeline, while a rotor and a deck are mounted in the crushing chamber, consisting of parallel elements mounted to rotate relative to their axes, and a louvre lattice adjacent to the elements of the deck is located along the length of the pipeline.

 Shredded root crops, concentrated feed, and a mixture of coarse and succulent feed are fed into the storage mixer, where they are further mixed, if necessary are stored for a short time and fed to mobile feeders using an unloading conveyor, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the feed mill. The chopper-mixer captures the layer of coarse feed from the roll, grinds it and, moving it, introduces it into the silo mass, from where the resulting mixture through the discharge window of the juicer feed feeder and the discharge window of the grinder-mixer located underneath enters the conveyor, thus excluding regrinding of the silo and separation of the mixture into heavy and light fractions due to the action of centrifugal forces that will arise with its further movement.

 The combination of the above essential features provides high quality mixing of feed, provides for the possibility of short-term storage of the finished product, allows you to grind coarse feed in rolls and bales, and, therefore, expands the technological capabilities of the line.

An additional increase in the quality of feed mixing is achieved by the location of the discharge window of the feed feeder-feeder of the roughage in the bottom of the hopper in the zone of 11.5 45 ^o from the vertical in the direction of rotation, which contributes to the most optimal supply of roughage to the chopping rotor.

 To expand technological capabilities, the feed mill is equipped with a line of concentrated feed containing a feeder, storage hoppers, a hopper and a crusher, functionally interconnected and, accordingly, with concentrated feed hoppers. This line allows you to prepare concentrated feed in place, and it becomes possible to take into account the type of animals and diet.

 The crusher in the concentrated feed line can be installed of any type, for example, DB-5. But in the case of the crusher in the form of a crushing and separation chambers connected by a curved pipeline, in this case, a rotor and a deck are mounted in the crushing chamber, consisting of parallel elements mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to their axes, and a louvre lattice adjacent to the elements is located along the length of the pipeline deck, stepless regulation of the grinding module is ensured by increasing the living section of the separating surface and changing the gap between the rotors and deck, which allows additional significantly improve the quality of concentrated feed and, as a result, the finished product. Consequently, the set of essential features, taking into account the particular design of the feed metering feeder, additional supply of the feed line with a concentrated feed line with a particular particular case of the crusher design, will lead to the preferred form of execution of the feed workshop for the preparation of bulk feed mixtures.

 Figure 1 shows the production line for the preparation of bulk feed mixtures, view in plan; figure 2 section aa in figure 1; figure 3 section BB in figure 1.

 The feed mill for the preparation of loose feed mixtures includes a line for grinding and mixing coarse and succulent feeds, a line of root crops, a line of concentrated feeds, a line for collecting, accumulating, mixing and dispensing ready-made feed mixtures.

 The line for grinding and mixing coarse and succulent feeds consists of coarse 1 feed feeders and succulent 2 feeds and a grinder-mixer 3 located between them. The feeder feeders 1 and 2 consist of conveyors 4 and 5, hoppers 6 and 7, covered outside by casings 8 and 9, respectively. Each hopper 6, 7 consists of two rings coaxially mounted with the possibility of splicing relative to the horizontal axis, rigidly interconnected by opposing plates 10. In the bottom of the hoppers 6 and 7, discharge windows 11 and 12 are made.

 The chopper-mixer 3 consists of a rotor 13, installed with the possibility of departure of its hammers 14 into the openings of the windows 11 and 12.

 The rotor 13 is covered by a casing 15, in the bottom of which an unloading window 16 is located, located directly under the unloading window 12. The scraper conveyor 17 located under the unloading window 16 connects the grinding and mixing line of coarse and succulent feed to the collecting scraper conveyor 18.

The unloading window 11 of the feed metering feeder 1 is most advantageously performed in the zone 11.5 45 ^o from the vertical along the rotation of the hopper 6, since this arrangement contributes to the optimal supply of roughage to the chopping rotor 13 and improves the quality of feed mixing.

 The root crop line contains a root crop feeder 19 connected through a cleaner, for example, a dry cleaning machine for root crops 20 with a root cutting 21, which is connected via a screw conveyor to a collecting scraper conveyor 18.

 The concentrated feed line contains a concentrated feed feeder 22 connected via a noriya 23 to storage hoppers 24, a hopper 25 and a grain crusher 26, interconnected by a screw conveyor 27, a gravity feed system 28 for connecting the hopper 25 through a noriya 23 to a feeder concentrated feed 22 and with storage hoppers 24. Grain crusher 26 noria 29 is connected with concentrated feed bins 30 and 31, the concentrated feed hopper 30 is connected by a screw conveyor 32 to the mixer feeder 33.

 The concentrated feed line expands the technological capabilities of the feed mill, as it allows the preparation of concentrated feed on the spot, taking into account the type of animals and diet.

 Additionally, a steamer-mixer 34 can be installed in the concentrated feed line, which is connected by a screw conveyor 32 to the concentrated feed hopper 30 and has an unloading device made, for example, in the form of a pump.

 The installation of the steamer-mixer 34 expands the technological capabilities of the feed mill, allowing you to cook paired feed, which can be fed either to the mixer-drive 33, or directly to the mobile feeder.

 The grain crusher 26 is made in the form of a crushing 35 and separation 36 chambers connected by a curved pipe 37, inside of which there is a louvred grill 38 with pivoting wings. Inside the crushing chamber 35, a rotor 39 is located, under which a deck 40 is placed, consisting of parallel elements mounted to rotate relative to their axes. The elements of the deck 40 are adjacent to the rotary flaps of the louvre grille 38. Under the deck 40 there is an unloading auger 41.

 This design of the grain crusher provides stepless regulation of the grinding module by increasing the living section of the separating surface and changing the gap between the rotors and deck, which improves the quality of concentrated feed.

 The line for collecting, accumulating, mixing and dispensing finished feed mixtures includes an assembly scraper conveyor 18, the discharge neck of which is located above the mixer-drive 33.

 At the beginning of the conveyor 18, an unloading neck of the conveyor 17 for feeding a mixture of coarse and succulent feeds and an unloading neck of a screw conveyor of a root cutting 21 for supplying ground root crops are placed above it.

 The discharge neck of the screw conveyor 32 is located above the mixer-drive 33 for feeding concentrated feed. The mixer-drive 33 has an unloading device 42 for feeding feed to mobile means, made, for example, in the form of a scraper conveyor.

 Feed mill for the preparation of bulk feed mixtures works as follows.

 Coarse feed in bales, rolls or in bulk is transported by mobile transport from the place of storage and loaded into the feeder-feeder 1, juicy feed to the feeder-feeder 2 and conveyors 4 and 5 of the feeder-feeders 1 and 2 are fed into the bins 6 and 7, respectively. The bins 6 and 7, rotating towards each other, move the feed to the discharge windows 11 and 12, while the opposing plates 10 provide for the forced movement of the mixture components along the enclosing casings 8 and 9. The hammers 14 of the rotating rotor 13 of the chopper-mixer 3, flying in the window openings 11 and 12, they first grab the straw in the hopper 16, chop it due to the high peripheral speed of the hammers 14 and move it to the hopper 7, where straw particles are introduced into the silo mass located here, mixed and thrown together with the silo with hammers 14 Res Unloading window 16 on the conveyor 17. The shredded and mixed fodder conveyor 17 is fed to a collecting conveyor 18.

 Root tubers are transported by dump truck and discharged to the tubers feeder 19, from which they are fed to the tubers dry cleaning machine 20, where vegetable impurities and dirt are separated from the tubers, which are subsequently removed from the feed mill building.

 The peeled root and tubers enter the root and root cutter 21, where they are ground and ground into a collecting conveyor 18.

 The mixture of coarse and succulent feed that arrived at the collecting conveyor 18, the crushed root tubers are fed into the mixer drive 33, there they are fed with the screw conveyor 32 from the feed chamber hopper 30 in dry form, or with a pump from the steamer-mixer 34 in the form of a stirrer. In the mixer drive 33, all components are mixed and the finished feed mixture is unloaded into mobile feeders.

 Concentrated feed can be delivered in finished form and unloaded directly into the silos 30 and 31, or can be prepared on the line of concentrated feed proposed in the invention. In this case, feed grain is delivered by mobile transport and loaded into a concentrated feed feeder 22, from which it is fed by elevator 23 either to storage bins 24, where grain is reserved, or to a hopper 25, and grain of a different culture is fed into each compartment of the hopper 25. In the case of using the reserved grain from the storage hoppers 24, the grain via gravity grain pipelines 28 enters through the elevator 23 into the metering hopper 25.

 From the batching hopper 25 with a screw conveyor 27, feed grain is fed through the loading pipe into the crushing chamber 35 of the crusher 26, where it is crushed when interacting with the rotor 39 and the elements of the deck 40. Small particles formed as a result of grinding the processed material are sifted through the gaps between the elements decks 40 and fall on the unloading auger 41. The rest of the grinding products are ejected from the crushing chamber 35 into the separation chamber 36. In the space between the inner wall of the curved pipe the water supply pipe 37 and the louvre grill 38 creates excessive pressure. Small particles under the influence of gravity and gravitational forces are separated from the air-product mixture and fed to the unloading screw 41. If necessary, by turning the shutters of the louvre grille 38, their angle of inclination and the gap between them changes, the resistance to the passage of air flow through the gaps between the wings changes, its speed and, therefore, the number and size of the carried out particles of the material. Large particles with high kinetic energy, and part of the air flow continue to move along a curved path between the louvre grille 38 and the inner wall of the curved pipe 37 and are re-milled into the crushing chamber 35. By turning the elements of the deck 40 relative to their axes, they change the gap between the rotor 39 and deck 40 and at the same time between the elements of deck 40. This makes it possible to continuously change the grinding size.

 The crushed grain (finished product) is discharged by the screw 41 from the crusher 26 and fed into the hoppers of concentrated feeds 30 and 31 by the elevator 29. From the hopper 31, the feed is discharged onto a mobile transport, and from the hopper 30, they are dosed by a screw conveyor 32 into the mixer drive 33. There is a possibility feeding the feed by the screw conveyor 32 to the steamer-mixer 34, from where the steamed feed is fed either to a mobile feed distributor or to the mixer-storage 33.

 The proposed feed workshop is operable on all types of feed, it provides the possibility of short-term storage of both root crops and concentrated feed, and the finished product. Feed mixing uniformity is high.

 Thus, the proposed feed mill has wide technological capabilities and produces high quality feed.

Claims (4)

 1. Feed mill for the preparation of bulk feed mixtures, containing feed and batchers of coarse and succulent feeds connected with conveyors with discharge windows, a chopper-mixer, a feeder, a cleaner and a chopper of root crops, concentrated feed hoppers, an unloading conveyor, characterized in that it is equipped with a mixer-drive, moreover, the mixer-drive is installed in front of the unloading conveyor and is functionally connected with a root crop chopper, a concentrated feed hopper and a chopper-mixer, mounted between feed metering feeders, wherein the discharge window of the chopper-mixer is located under the discharge window of the juicer feeder-doser. 2. Feed mill according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge window of the feeder-feeder of roughage is located in the bottom of the hopper in the zone of 11.5 - 45 ^o from the vertical in the direction of its rotation.  3. Feed mill according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a feeder, storage bins, hopper-dispenser and crusher, functionally interconnected and, accordingly, with concentrated feed bins.  4. Feed mill according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the crusher is made in the form of crushing and separation chambers connected by a curved pipeline, while the rotor and the deck are mounted in the crushing chamber, consisting of parallel elements mounted for rotation relative to their axes, and along the length of the pipeline is a louvre grille adjacent to the elements of the deck.

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