RU2053364C1 - Method for mining of steeply dipping ore bodies and methods for mining, processing and concentration of copper, and/or copper-zinc, and/or zinc, and/or sulfur ores with possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply dipping ore bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: invention offers method for mining steeply dipping ore bodies and two methods for mining, processing and concentration of copper, and/or copper-zinc, and/or zinc, and/or sulfur ores with possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply dipping ore bodies. Novelty of these methods consists in that rooms are worked simultaneously on two levels with displacement of rooms through half their width, definite sequence of rooms mining, drawing of broken ore and filling the worked-out space. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 127 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the extraction of minerals, in particular polymetallic ores.

There is a known method of developing steeply falling ore bodies, in which preparatory and rifting workings are carried out in an opened deposit, the ore mass is drilled with deep wells, charged with explosive charges, the mineral is broken off and the broken ore is discharged to the transport horizon. After the release of ore in the worked space serves hardening tab [1]
However, this method does not solve the problem of increasing the intensity of the cleaning recess, since the treatment work is carried out in a chamber on one floor.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method for the development of steeply falling ore bodies, which consists in carrying out preparatory workings on the transport horizon of the floor, sinking the capital workings of the outlet and overflow workings with a system of recoil drifts and orts, cutting a cutting gap, drilling a mineral array with deep wells, loading them with explosive charges, breaking off minerals by blasting explosive charges in wells, ore extraction by cameras in adjacent floors with the release of m of broken ore on the transport generate both floors and bypass parts of broken ore into the upper floor of the ground floor goaf [2]
The disadvantage of this method is that the achievement of low dilution rates is possible only when developing balance ore with simultaneous involvement in production and off-balance reserves. In the case of contrasting and unstable contact of the balance reserves with the host rocks, dilution rates will be significantly higher.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity of the development of steeply falling ore bodies. The technical result achieved in this case is to reduce dilution of single-grade ore with contrasting and unstable contacts of the ore body with the host rocks, as well as to intensify the mining process while maintaining the quality of the extracted ores to ensure the quality and productivity of their further processing and concentration.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the known method for the development of steeply falling ore bodies, which consists in carrying out preparatory workings on the transport horizon of the floor, sinking output workings and bypass workings with a system of recoil drifts and orts, cutting a cutting gap, drilling a mineral mass with deep wells, charging them with charges Explosives, breaking minerals by blasting explosive charges in wells, excavating chambers in adjacent floors with the release of broken ore to transport workings of both floors th and bypassing part of the beaten ore of the upper floor into the mined space of the lower floor, the chambers are mined simultaneously on two floors, the chambers of the first stage of the lower floor are mined with the formation of a pillar in the roof of each chamber and an interchamber pillar with a width equal to three times the width of the chamber, the output of the beaten ore by the delivery horizons of both floors are produced with the transfer of part of the broken ore of the upper floor to the mined space of the lower floor, then, in the same way, the second-stage chambers are excavated in the middle of the m chambers, while laying the chambers of the second stage are made by hardening mixtures after the ore is completely discharged from these chambers and after hardening by hardening laying in the chambers of the first and second stages, chambers of the third stage are worked out with a notch in the roof of the chambers of the first and second stages and the topside pillar of the upper floor and the release of broken ore to the lower floor delivery horizon.

 Also, the fact that haul-off drifts and unit vectors on the horizons take place depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body according to deadlock or ring patterns for side or panel preparation.

 Also, the fact that the capital and preparatory workings in stable host rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the MM Protodyakonov scale of more than 7, are carried out using blasting without fastening with a smooth-walled blasting, with a distance between contour holes of 2 -10 of their diameters.

 The fact that the preparatory workings are fixed directly over the rock with spray-concrete and shotcrete lining with a thickness of 3-5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30-50 MPa.

 The fact that during the excavation of the preparatory workings in the layered host rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to a stronger main roof or fastened together with anchor support using steel rods as an anchor support made in the form of a round rod, at one end of which there is a thread for screwing the nut and on the other a lock for fixing the rod in a pre-drilled hole, or steel-polymer rods made in the form of a round steel rod with an o-ring and ampoules with poly erizuyuschimsya composition fracturable upon administration steel rod into the hole.

 The fact that reinforcing rods are used as anchor supports made by filling pre-drilled holes with sand-cement mortar and then introducing steel reinforcement from periodic steel or pieces of steel ropes or twisted wires into it.

 The fact that the boreholes for anchor support are drilled with self-propelled drilling rigs with several drilling machines of rotational, impact-rotational action, or telescopic perforators with cleaning holes using compressed air or with washing.

 The fact that the bore holes for anchor support in fractured rocks or rocks with tectonic disturbances are drilled using cross crowns, and in the absence of fracturing using chisel crowns.

 The fact that the anchor support is installed with the help of self-propelled mounts equipped with platforms for safe work, or with suspended platforms, hung after drilling the face on the drilling machines of self-propelled drilling rigs.

 The fact that the preparatory workings are fastened with a pliable frame support, consisting of arches and interarrow metal ties, each arch is made of one upper segment and two side links from a special profile, while the ends of the upper segment of the arch are telescopically inserted into the side links, the joints are pulled together with clamps, and between the frames of the lining, a puff is installed, which is made of reinforced concrete or of wood.

 The fact that the mine workings are fixed with a monolithic concrete lining with a filler in the form of sand and gravel with cement grade 300-600, or, with layered rocks with a rod lining, or directly over the rock with spray-concrete or shotcrete lining, and in stable rocks pass with the use of smooth-walled or blast blasting with a distance between blast holes equal to 2-5 of their diameter.

 The fact that the cutting of the cutting gap begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, which is carried out with stable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side at the contact with the rocks of the lying side, or in the center of the chamber.

 The fact that detachable uprising is carried out by section blasting of wells with a length of each section from 1 to 2.5 diameters of the uprising, and the sinking begins with drilling of the central well, and the sections are blasted into the free space of the drilled central well.

 By the fact that the detachable uprising is blasted with a wedge, pyramidal or slotted cut, with the help of a self-propelled tunneling regiment moving along the monorail growing as it is drilled or suspended on a rope fixed to an overlying horizon.

 The fact that the cutting riser is carried out using a large-diameter drilling rig placed in a preliminary passed drilling chamber on an overlying horizon, or using a burr-proofing machine located in a drilling niche passed on an underlying horizon by drilling a pioneer well with its subsequent expansion.

 The fact that the cutting slot is cut along the long or short axis of the chamber.

 The fact that the ore mass of the chamber is drilled from the bays by fans of deep boreholes, or from drifts by parallel deep boreholes, or bundles of parallel deep boreholes that are drilled by drilling rigs with submersible pneumatic hammers, hydraulic hammers, or a combined tool, using cross crowns as a working tool or cone bits.

 The fact that in the process of drilling deep wells control their direction by methods of borehole geophysics.

 The fact that deep wells are charged using ejector, chamber or drum pneumatic chargers, and ammonia-nitrate explosives of the type igdanite, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite, or cartridge-type explosives of the type ammonal, ammonite, are used as explosives, and they explode shortly.

 The fact that when forming pillars in the roofs of the chambers they are given a tented shape with a ratio of the height of the arch to the half-span of the chamber from 1: 1 to 1: 3.

 The fact that the pillars are excavated in the chambers of the first and second stage by drilling them with wells from the sub-floor openings of the chambers of the third and fourth stages, charging with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stage.

 The fact that the digging of the upper pillars of the upper floor is carried out by drilling them with wells from transport units of the upper horizon, charging them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with exploding charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stages.

 The fact that the release of beaten ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration actuators, made in the form of short vibratory platforms 1.2 m long, installed in previously covered niches under the exhaust workings.

 The fact that the bypass part of the beaten ore of the upper floor into the mined space of the lower floor is produced by bypass workings, passed along the pillars in the roof of each chamber.

 By the fact that before the delivery of the beaten ore, oversized pieces are destroyed by blasting overhead charges with a cumulative recess, initiated by a detonating cord or by pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical butoes permanently installed in previously covered niches.

The fact that the delivered ore is delivered by self-propelled loading and loading machines with a bucket volume of 1 to 6 m ³ over a distance of 60 to 300 m, respectively.

The fact that at a distance from the precinct loading point to the dispensing shaft of more than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ .

 The fact that at a distance of less than 500 m from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is at least partially carried out by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10-25 tons or in self-propelled wagons with a carrying capacity of 5-10 tons.

 By the fact that before loading the ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers to a particle size of 300 mm.

The fact that for lifting ore to the surface processing complex using skips with a fixed or deflecting body with a capacity of 15-20 m ³ .

 The fact that the filing of the filling material in the worked out space of the chambers, at least partially, is carried out pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and preliminary wetting of the filling material to reduce dust formation.

 The fact that the filing material in the worked out space of the chambers, at least partially, is carried out hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a ratio of solid to liquid in the pulp 1: 1-1: 2 with a particle size of 1-2 mm , 1: 3-1: 4 with a fineness of pieces of 20-30 mm and 1: 5-1: 6 with a fineness of pieces of 40-60 mm.

 By the fact that cement-sand-gravel mixtures with active mineral or surface-active additives are used as the hardening bookmarks of the first-stage chambers to control the rheological and strength properties of the filling mass and the time of its hardening.

 The fact that during the preparation of the hardening filling mixture and during the laying process, they control its composition, and after hardening, they control the strength of the filling mass by sampling and testing them for strength.

 The fact that in the process of hardening the filling array, its strength is determined by acoustic sounding methods by measuring the propagation velocity of longitudinal waves by pulsed acoustic logging equipment.

 The fact that when laying at least part of the worked-out space, the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is used, which is first crushed to the required size on a surface or underground crushing and screening complex.

 The fact that the crushing of the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is carried out with cone, jaw or hammer crushers, and the crushed rock is sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens.

There is also known a method of developing ore deposits, in which the ore body is opened, its preparation and treatment excavation is carried out with drilling, discharge and delivery workings, drilling an array of minerals with wells, charging them with explosive charges and blasting into the compensation space with the subsequent laying of the worked out space [3 ]
The disadvantage of this method is that it does not solve the problem of intensification of development, since it has a limited front of mining operations in depth.

There is also known a method of mining, processing and beneficiation of copper, and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies, according to which the deposit is opened with surges and ventilation shafts , inclined congresses on each main horizon are working out near-barrel yards, crosshairs, at dispensing shafts are working out crushing and batching complexes, preparing a mine field by sinking x haul-off drifts and orts on the main horizons, drifts and orts of the delivery horizons, ventilation taps, release workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passes between the delivery horizons and the main horizons, are cut off rebels in each treatment chamber of the first and subsequent stages, cut out on floors drill an array of ore body within each treatment chamber with deep wells, charge them with explosive charges, break the ore into compensation spaces detachable slots by blasting explosive charges, release the chipped ore of each chamber to the delivery horizon, oversize the crushed rock and transport the chipped ore to crushing and batching complexes of boreholes with subsequent loading into skips and lifting to the surface processing complex, ore is processed at a surface processing complex and transported at an enrichment plant, they prepare for enrichment and enrichment of ore to obtain ore concentrate, prepare for surface filling complex hardening bookmark, which is fed into the worked out space of the treatment chambers, prepare a loose bookmark and fed it into the worked out space of the treatment chambers of the last stage [4]
This method is the closest to the proposed first method for the extraction, processing and beneficiation of copper and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc and / or sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies.

 However, it also has the disadvantage that it does not solve the problem of increasing the intensity of the treatment excavation in the development of polymetallic ore deposits.

 The proposed first method for the extraction, processing and enrichment of copper and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies solves the problem of increasing productivity. The technical result achieved in this case consists in the intensification of the processes of extraction, processing and concentration of ores.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of mining and processing of copper, copper, zinc, zinc sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies, according to which the deposit is opened by dispensing and ventilation shafts, inclined exit on each main in the horizon there are developments of near-barrel yards, cross-hoses, at the dispensing shafts there are developments of crushing and dosing complexes, they prepare the mine field by exploring the field haulage drifts and unit vectors on the main horizons, the drifts and orts of the delivery horizons, ventilation ditches, release workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passages between the delivery horizons and the main horizons, pass cutting risers in each treatment chamber of the first and subsequent stages, cut the cutting rising into detachable cracks, go through drilling workings on sub-floors, drill an array of ore body within each treatment chamber with deep wells, charge their charge explosives, break the ore into the compensation space of the cutting slots by blasting explosive charges, release the broken ore of each chamber to the delivery horizon, crush the oversized material and transport the beat ore to the crushing and batching complexes of the barrel houses with subsequent loading into skips and lifting to the surface processing complex, ore is processed at a surface processing complex and transported to an enrichment plant, preparation for processing ore enrichment and concentration with obtaining ore concentrate, prepare a hardening tab on the surface stowing complex, which is fed into the worked out space of the treatment chambers, prepare a loose bookmark and fed it into the worked out space of the treatment chambers of the last stage, the chambers are worked out simultaneously on two floors with the chambers shifted by half of their width, the chambers of the first stage of the lower floor are worked out with the formation of a pillar in the roof of each chamber and an interchamber pillar with a width equal to three times For the full width of the chamber, the output of the beaten ore to the delivery horizons of both floors is carried out with the transfer of part of the beaten ore of the upper floor to the mined space of the lower floor, then the second stage chambers in the middle of the interchamber pillar are similarly excavated, while the second stage chambers are laid with hardening mixtures after full the ore is released from these chambers and, after hardening by hardening, in the chambers of the first and second stages, chambers of the third stage are worked out with a recess in the roof the first and second phases and the above-ground pillar of the upper floor and the release of broken ore to the delivery horizon of the lower floor.

 Also, the fact that haul-off drifts and unit vectors on the horizons take place depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body according to deadlock or ring patterns for side or panel preparation.

 Also, the fact that the capital and preparatory workings in stable host rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the M. M. Protodyakonov scale of more than 7, are carried out using drilling and blasting operations without fastening with smooth-walled or contour blasting, with a distance between contour holes equal to 2-20 of their diameters.

 The fact that the preparatory workings, at least partially, are fixed directly over the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete concrete lining with a thickness of 3-5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30-50 MPa.

 The fact that during the excavation of the preparatory workings, at least in the areas of the layered enclosing rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to a stronger main roof or fastened together with anchor support using steel rods as an anchor support made in the form of a round rod, at one end of which there is thread for screwing the nut, and on the other a lock for fixing the rod in a pre-drilled hole, or steel-polymer rods made in the form of a round steel rod with sealing m ring and ampoules with polymerizable composition, destroyed by the introduction of a steel rod into the hole.

 The fact that reinforcing rods are used as anchor supports made by filling pre-drilled holes with sand-cement mortar and then introducing steel reinforcement from periodic steel or pieces of steel ropes or twisted wires into it.

 The fact that the boreholes for anchor support are drilled with self-propelled drilling rigs with several rotary, impact-rotary drilling machines or telescopic perforators with a hole cleaning by means of compressed air or with washing.

 The fact that the holes for anchor support, at least in fractured rocks or rocks with tectonic disturbances, are drilled using cross crowns, and in the absence of fracturing using chisel crowns.

 The fact that the anchor support is installed with the help of self-propelled mounts equipped with platforms for safe work, or with suspended platforms, hung after drilling the face on the drilling machines of self-propelled drilling rigs.

 So that at least part of the preparatory workings is secured by a pliable frame support consisting of arches and interarrow metal ties, each arch being made of one upper segment and two side links from a special profile, while the ends of the upper segment of the arch are telescopically inserted into the side links, the joints are pulled together with clamps, and between the frames of the lining, a puff is installed, which is made of reinforced concrete, or of wood.

 The fact that the mine workings are fastened with a monolithic concrete lining with a filler in the form of sand and gravel with cement grade 300-600, or, with layered rocks with a rod lining, or directly over the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete lining, and in stable rocks pass with the use of smooth-blasting with a distance between contour holes equal to 2-5 of their diameter.

 The fact that the cutting of the cutting gap begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, passable with stable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side at the contact with the rocks of the lying side or in the center of the chamber.

 The fact that detachable uprising is carried out by section blasting of wells with a length of each section from 1 to 2.5 diameters of the uprising, and the sinking begins with drilling of the central well, and the sections are blasted into the free space of the drilled central well.

 By the fact that the detachable uprising is blasted with a wedge, pyramidal or slotted cut, with the help of a self-propelled tunneling regiment moving along the monorail growing as it is drilled or suspended on a rope fixed to an overlying horizon.

 The fact that the cutting uprising is carried out using a large-diameter drilling rig placed in a previously passed drilling chamber on an overlying horizon, or using a burr-proofing machine located in a drilling niche passed on an underlying horizon by drilling a pioneer well with its subsequent expansion.

 The fact that the cutting slot is cut along the long or short axis of the chamber.

 The fact that the ore mass of the chamber is drilled from the bays by fans of deep boreholes, or from drifts by parallel deep boreholes, or bundles of parallel deep boreholes that are drilled by drilling rigs with submersible pneumatic hammers, hydraulic hammers, or a combined tool, using cross crowns as a working tool or cone bits.

 The fact that in the process of drilling deep wells control their direction by methods of borehole geophysics.

 The fact that deep wells are charged using ejector, chamber or drum pneumatic chargers, and ammonia-nitrate explosives of the type igdanite, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite, or cartridge-type explosives of the type ammonal, ammonite, are used as explosives, and they explode shortly.

 The fact that when forming pillars in the roofs of the chambers they are given a tented shape with a ratio of the height of the arch to the half-span of the chamber from 1: 1 to 1: 3.

 The fact that the pillars are excavated in the chambers of the first and second stage by drilling them with wells from the sub-floor openings of the chambers of the third and fourth stages, charging with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stage.

 The fact that the digging of the upper pillars of the upper floor is carried out by drilling them with wells from transport units of the upper horizon, charging them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with exploding charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stages.

 The fact that the release of beaten ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration actuators, made in the form of short vibratory platforms 1.2 m long, installed in previously covered niches under the exhaust workings.

 The fact that the bypass part of the beaten ore of the upper floor into the mined space of the lower floor is produced by bypass workings, passed along the pillars in the roof of each chamber.

 By the fact that before the delivery of the beaten ore, oversized pieces are destroyed by blasting overhead charges with a cumulative recess, initiated by a detonating cord or by pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical butoes permanently installed in previously covered niches.

The fact that the delivery of at least part of the broken ore is carried out by self-propelled loading and delivery machines with a bucket volume of 1 to 6 m ³ used, at distances from 60 to 300 m, respectively.

The fact that at a distance from the precinct loading point to the dispensing shaft of more than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ .

 The fact that at a distance of less than 500 m from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is at least partially carried out by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10-25 tons or in self-propelled wagons with a carrying capacity of 5-10 tons.

 By the fact that before loading the ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers to a particle size of 300 mm.

The fact that for lifting ore to the surface processing complex using skips with a fixed or deflecting body with a capacity of 15-20 m ³ .

 The fact that the filing of the filling material in the worked out space of the chambers, at least partially, is carried out pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and preliminary wetting of the filling material to reduce dust formation.

 The fact that the filing material in the worked out space of the chambers, at least partially, is carried out hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a ratio of solid to liquid in the pulp 1: 1-1: 2 with a particle size of 1-2 mm , 1: 3-1: 4 with a fineness of pieces of 20-30 mm and 1: 5-1: 6 with a fineness of pieces of 40-60 mm.

 By the fact that cement-sand-gravel mixtures with active mineral or surface-active additives are used as the hardening bookmarks of the first-stage chambers to control the rheological and strength properties of the filling mass and the time of its hardening.

 The fact that during the preparation of the hardening filling mixture and during the laying process, they control its composition, and after hardening, they control the strength of the filling mass by sampling and testing them for strength.

 The fact that in the process of hardening the filling array, its strength is determined by acoustic sounding methods by measuring the propagation velocity of longitudinal waves by pulsed acoustic logging equipment.

 The fact that when laying at least part of the worked-out space, the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is used, which is first crushed to the required size on the surface and / or underground crushing and screening complex.

 The fact that the crushing of the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is carried out with cone, jaw or hammer crushers, and the crushed rock is sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens.

 The fact that the processing of copper-zinc ore at a surface processing complex is carried out by averaging it by layer-by-layer stacking in thin layers into a stack and subsequent unloading of the stack by excavators or unloading machines in trestle or semi-bunker warehouses with a capacity of 10-20 day ore stock.

 The fact that processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by separating waste rock by methods of piecewise separation with the storage of waste rock in dumps, and the selected ore in averaging warehouses.

 The fact that processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by leaching the ore components harmful to the enrichment process at specially prepared sites having a system for collecting and removing solutions containing harmful components.

 The fact that the preparation of copper-zinc ores for enrichment is carried out by crushing ore with intermediate screening operations, grinding with intermediate classification operations using medium and fine crushers, ball mills, screens and hydrocyclones, while the first crushing stage is carried out to a particle size of 250-0 mm, the second stage to a particle size of 50-0 mm, the classification after the first stage of grinding is carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, 36-43% of the class 0.074 mm is first isolated, and then 45-52% is isolated from this product class 0,074 mm, which is sent to the flotation.

 The fact that the enrichment of copper-zinc ores is carried out using basic collective flotation with the separation of pyrite concentrate into the chamber product and the separation of copper-zinc concentrate into the foam product, which, after classification with regrinding, is subjected to basic copper flotation, and the concentrate of basic copper flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to three cleanings, and the tails of the main copper flotation after the control flotation are sent to the main zinc flotation.

 The fact that the main zinc flotation is carried out in the presence of butyl xanthate 35-45 g / t of ore and copper sulphate in the amount of 300-350 g / t of ore, and the concentrate of the main zinc flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to four pure zinc flotations, in as a result of which, after thickening, filtering and drying, zinc concentrate is obtained, while pyrite concentrate is obtained from the chamber product of the main zinc flotation after control flotation, thickening, filtering and drying. subjected to three cleanings, and the tails of the main copper flotation after control flotation is sent to the main zinc flotation.

 The fact that the enrichment of copper-zinc ores is carried out using selective flotation methods, whereby the main copper flotation is conducted first, the concentrate of which is sent for classification in a closed cycle with regrinding, followed by three purifications of the concentrate, thickening, filtering and drying to obtain copper concentrate, while from the tailings main control flotation after control flotation lead the allocation of zinc concentrate by basic zinc flotation and at least five purifications of the concentrate.

 By the fact that, in the presence of pyrite in copper-zinc ore after zinc flotation, the material is treated with sodium sulfide, thickened, regrind, treated with zinc sulfate and sodium carbonate and the main copper-pyrite flotation is carried out to obtain zinc concentrate and intermediate product sent to the main copper flotation cycle, and pyrite the concentrate is obtained after the control flotation of the chamber product of the main zinc flotation.

 By the fact that in the presence of lead in copper-zinc ore, it is preliminarily enriched in a heavy suspension, the heavy fraction is washed up after washing and sent to a staged collective selective flotation scheme to produce lead-copper and zinc-pyrite concentrate, followed by their separation into lead, copper and zinc and the selection of concentrates is carried out according to cyanide-free technology.

The fact that in the presence of gold in the copper-zinc ore after the first grinding stage, a precipitation is carried out with the isolation of a gold-containing product, which, after classification and regrinding, is concentrated on tables whose concentrate is fed to amalgamation, while the amalgam, together with a large fraction of amalgamation tailings, is enriched on a concentration table with obtaining solid amalgam, which is steamed in an electric furnace at a temperature of 700 ^about With the receipt of raw gold and mercury.

 The fact that the extracted concentrates are conditioned to meet the established technical requirements for sending to a metal redistribution.

 This set includes all the essential features, each of which is necessary, and all together are sufficient to achieve the above technical result.

There is also known a method of mining, processing and beneficiation of copper, copper-zinc, zinc, sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies, according to which the deposit is partially mined by the open pit, and partly uncovered by underground methods of delivery and ventilation shafts , by an inclined exit, on each main horizon there are developments of near-barrel yards, cross-hoses, at the dispensing trunks, developments of crushing and dosing complexes are carried out c, they prepare the mine field by driving field haulage drifts and unit vectors, drifts and unit horns of delivery horizons, ventilation crosshairs, output workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passages between delivery horizons and main horizons are held at the main horizons, and cutting rebels in each treatment chamber are passed first and subsequent bursts, cut off cutting insurgents into cut-off slits, drill workings on sub-floors, drill an ore body array within each treatment chamber deep wells, charge them with explosive charges, make the ore break off into the compensation space of the cutting slots by blasting explosive charges, release the broken ore of each chamber to the delivery horizon, crush the oversized material and transport the beaten ore to the crushing and batching complexes of boreholes with subsequent loading into skips and ascent to the surface processing complex, process ore at the surface processing complex, transport to enrich battening factory produce preparations for enrichment and enrichment of the ore to yield an ore concentrate, to prepare a complex surface hardening stowing tab, which is fed into the goaf treatment chambers preparing friable tab and fed to the goaf treatment chambers the last line [4]
This method is the closest to the second proposed method for the extraction, processing and beneficiation of copper, and / or zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with a possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies.

 This method allows you to simultaneously use the open and underground method of production, but also does not provide increased productivity.

 The second method of extraction, processing and enrichment of copper, and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with a possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies solves the problem of increasing productivity. The technical result achieved in this case consists in the intensification of the processes of extraction, processing and concentration of ores.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of mining, processing and beneficiation of copper, copper, zinc, zinc, sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore topics, according to which the deposit is partially mined by the open method, and partially uncovered by underground by means of dispensing and ventilation shafts, an inclined exit, on each main horizon pass developments of near-barrel yards, crosshairs, at the dispensing shafts conduct workings robo-dosing complexes, preparing the mine field by driving field haulage drifts and unit vectors, drifts and orths of delivery horizons, ventilation crosshairs, release workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passages between delivery horizons and main horizons are held at the main horizons, and cutting risers in each horizon in the treatment chamber of the first and subsequent stages, cut-off risers are cut into cut-off slits, drill workings are carried out on sub-floors, an array of ore body is drilled in within each treatment chamber by deep wells, charge them with explosive charges, break the ore into the compensation space of the cutting slots by blasting explosive charges, release the beat ore of each chamber to the delivery horizon, crush the oversized material and transport the beat ore to crushing and batching complexes of bosom yards with subsequent loading into skips and lifting to the surface processing complex, ore is processed at the surface processing complex All, transported to the beneficiation plant, prepare for ore dressing and dressing to obtain ore concentrate, prepare a hardening tab on the surface stowing complex, which is fed into the worked-out space of the treatment chambers, prepare a loose bookmark and feed it into the worked-out space of the treatment chambers of the last stage, mining cameras are simultaneously on two floors with cameras shifting by half their width, the cameras of the first stage of the lower floor are being worked out with the formation of pillars in the roof of each chamber and interchamber pillar with a width equal to three times the width of the chamber, the discharge of ore to the delivery horizons of both floors is carried out with the part of the broken ore of the upper floor being bypassed into the mined space of the lower floor, then the second stage chambers in the middle of the interchamber pillar are excavated in the same way this laying the chambers of the second stage produce hardening mixtures after the complete release of ore from these chambers and after gaining strength hardening bookmark in the chambers of the first and second stage chambers of the third stage are being worked out for it with the excavation of pillars in the roof of the chambers of the first and second stages and the top-floor pillar of the upper floor and the release of broken ore to the delivery horizon of the lower floor.

 Also, the fact that part of the field is mined in an open way at the same time as the other part of the field is mined underground, leaving a temporary barrier pillar between the open and underground mines.

 Also the fact that at least part of the barrier pillar is formed artificially.

 Also, the fact that at least part of the barrier pillar is formed by installing cable supports with subsequent monolithic hardening material.

 Also, the fact that part of the deposit is mined by the underground method is performed after full or partial completion of the open-cast mining operations, at least in part of the ore field.

 Also, those that, when part of the field is mined by the underground method, after partial completion of the open-cast mining operations, the open-cast mining operations are resumed and the quarry sides are posted during the reconstruction process.

 Also by the fact that after the underground method is completed, in the event that part of the ore reserves is left, the latter, at least partially, is mined by the open method.

 Also by the fact that when the part of the field mined by the open pit is located below the part of the field mined by the underground method, at least a part of the ore mined by the underground method is transported by cross-barriers and / or ore passes to the area of work carried out by the open pit method.

 Also, the fact that haul-off drifts and unit vectors on the horizons take place depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body according to deadlock or ring schemes for block or panel preparation.

 Also, the fact that the capital and preparatory workings in stable host rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the M. M. Protodyakionov scale of more than 7, are carried out using blasting without fastening with smooth-walled blasting, with a distance between contour cords of 2 -10 of their diameters.

 Also, the prepared workings are fixed directly over the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete concrete lining with a thickness of 3-5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30-50 MPa.

 Also by the fact that during the excavation of the preparatory workings in the layered enclosing rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to a stronger main roof or fastened together with anchor support.

 Also, the preparatory workings are secured by a compliant frame support consisting of arches and interarrow metal ties, each arch being made of one upper segment and two side links from a special profile, while the ends of the upper segment of the arch are telescopically inserted into the side links, the joints are pulled together with clamps , and between the frames of the kropi set a puff.

 Also the fact that the mine workings are fixed with a monolithic concrete lining with aggregate in the form of sand and gravel with cement of 300-600 grade, or, with layered rocks with a rod lining, or directly over the rock-sprayed concrete or shotcrete lining, and in stable rocks pass with the use of smooth-walled or contour blasting with a distance between contour holes equal to 2-5 of their diameter.

 Also, the fact that the cutting of the cutting gap begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, which is carried out with stable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side at the contact with the rocks of the lying side or in the center of the chamber.

 Also, the ore mass of the chamber is drilled from drilling units by deep-hole fans, or from drifts by parallel deep wells, or by bundles of parallel deep wells, which are drilled by drilling rigs with submersible pneumatic hammers, hydraulic hammers, or a combined tool using cross crowns as a working tool or cone bits.

 Also, deep wells are charged using ejector, chamber or drum air chargers, and ammonia-nitrate explosives of the igdanite type, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite, or cartridge-type explosives such as ammonal, ammonite, are used as explosives, and they explode shortly.

 Also, the extraction of pillars in the chambers of the first and second stage is carried out by drilling them with wells from the sub-floor workings of the chambers of the third and fourth stages, charging with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stage.

 Also, the fact that the top-floor pillars of the upper floor are excavated by drilling them with wells from the transport unit of the upper horizon, loading them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with exploding charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stages.

 Also, the fact that the output of the beaten ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration actuators, made in the form of short vibratory platforms 1.2 m long, installed in previously covered niches under the exhaust workings.

 Also, the fact that part of the broken-off ore of the upper floor is bypassed to the worked-out space of the lower floor is produced by bypass workings, passed along the pillars in the roof of each chamber.

Also, the fact that the delivered ore is delivered by self-propelled loading and loading machines with a bucket volume of 1 to 6 m ³ , at a distance of 60 to 300 m, respectively.

Also the fact that at a distance of more than 500 m from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ .

 Also, at a distance of less than 500 m from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out, at least in part, by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10-25 tons or in self-propelled wagons with a carrying capacity of 5-10 tons.

 Also, the fact that before loading the ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers up to a particle size of 300 mm.

Also, in order to lift ore to the surface processing complex, skips with a fixed or deflecting body with a capacity of 15-20 m ^{3 are used} .

 Also, the fact that the filing material in the worked out space of the chambers, at least partially, is carried out pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and preliminary wetting the filling material to reduce dust formation.

 Also, the fact that the filing material in the mined chamber space, at least partially, is carried out hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a ratio of solid to liquid in the pulp 1: 1-1: 2 with a particle size of 1-2 mm, 1: 3-1: 4 with a fineness of pieces of 20-30 mm and 1: 5-1: 6 with a fineness of pieces of 40-60 mm.

 Also, the fact that when laying at least part of the worked-out space, the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is used, which is first crushed to the required size on a surface or underground crushing and screening complex.

 Also the fact that the crushing of the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is carried out by cone, jaw or hammer crushers, and the crushed rock is sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens.

 Also, the fact that the processing of copper-zinc ore at a surface processing complex is carried out by averaging it by layer-by-layer stacking in thin layers into a stack and subsequent unloading of the stack by excavators or unloading machines in trestle or semi-bunker warehouses with a capacity of 10-20 day ore supply.

 Also, the fact that the processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by separating waste rock by methods of piecewise separation with the storage of waste rock in dumps, and the selected ore in averaging warehouses.

 Also, the fact that the processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by leaching the ore components harmful to the enrichment process at specially prepared sites having a system for collecting and removing solutions containing harmful components.

 Also, the preparation of copper-zinc ores for enrichment is carried out by crushing ore with intermediate screening operations, grinding with intermediate classification operations using medium and fine crushers, ball mills, screens and hydraulic cylinders, while the first crushing stage is carried out to a particle size of 250-0 mm , the second stage to a particle size of 50-0 mm, the classification after the first stage of grinding is carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, 36-43% of the class 0.074 mm is first isolated, and then it is isolated from this product there are 45-52 classes of 0.074 mm, which are sent to flotation.

 Also the fact that the concentration of copper-zinc ores is carried out using basic collective flotation with the separation of pyrite concentrate into the chamber product and the separation of copper-zinc concentrate into the foam product, which, after classification with regrinding, is subjected to primary copper flotation, and the concentrate of basic copper flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to three cleanings, and the tails of the main copper flotation after control flotation is sent to the main zinc flotation.

 Also, the main zinc flotation is carried out in the presence of butyl xanthate 35-45 g / t ore and copper sulphate in the amount of 300-350 g / t ore, and the concentrate of the main zinc flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to four rough zinc flotations, as a result of which, after thickening, filtering and drying, zinc concentrate is obtained, while pyrite concentrate is obtained from the chamber product of the main zinc flotation after control flotation, thickening, filtering and drying.

 Also, the fact that copper-zinc ores are enriched using selective flotation methods, and the main copper flotation is carried out first, the concentrate of which is sent for classification in a closed cycle with regrinding, followed by three purifications of the concentrate, thickening, filtering and drying to obtain copper concentrate, from tails of the main copper flotation after control flotation, zinc concentrate is separated by the main zinc flotation and at least five concentrate purifications.

 Also, because in the presence of pyrite in copper-zinc ore after zinc flotation, the material is treated with sodium sulfide, thickened, regrind, treated with zinc sulfate and sodium carbonate and the main copper-pyrite flotation is carried out to obtain zinc concentrate and intermediate product sent to the main copper flotation cycle, and pyrite concentrate is obtained after the control flotation of the chamber product of the main zinc flotation.

 Also, in the presence of lead in copper-zinc ore, it is preliminarily enriched in a heavy suspension, the heavy fraction is washed up after washing and sent to a staged collective selective flotation scheme to produce lead-copper and zinc-pyrite concentrate with their subsequent separation into lead, copper and zinc, and the selection of concentrates is carried out according to cyanide-free technology.

Also, in the presence of gold in the copper-zinc ore after the first grinding stage, a deposit is carried out with the release of a gold-containing product, which, after classification and regrinding, is concentrated on tables whose concentrate is fed to amalgamation, while the amalgam together with a large fraction of amalgamation tails is enriched on a concentration table to obtain a solid amalgam, which is steamed in an electric furnace at a temperature of 700 ^about With the receipt of raw gold and mercury.

 Also, the fact that the separated concentrates are conditioned to meet the established technical requirements for sending to the metallurgical redistribution.

 This collection includes all the essential features, each of which is necessary, and all together are sufficient to achieve the specified technical result of all the claimed methods.

 A method of developing steeply falling ore bodies is as follows. An ore body uncovered from the earth’s surface on the transport horizon of each floor is prepared by drifts, passing in its lying and / or hanging side, and orts from which pass loading rides to the outlet workings of each chamber. In hard rocks, preparatory workings can be completed without fastening, and it is advisable to use smooth-walled blasting.

 When conducting preparatory workings in rocks prone to slight delamination, it is advisable to fix them with spray concrete support, and in the case of layered bedding with anchor support using steel, polymer, steel-polymer, reinforced concrete, or polymer-concrete rods. It is preferable to drill the holes for anchor support with self-propelled drilling rigs, however, in the workings of a small cross section, the holes can also be drilled with telescopic perforators.

 Depending on the physicomechanical properties of the rocks, cross or chisel crowns can be used as drilling tools.

 Installation of anchor support can be carried out using self-propelled mounts or manually from suspended platforms of self-propelled drilling rigs.

 In the case of preparatory workings in unstable rocks, it is possible to use frame support. The most progressive type of frame support is the support from a special profile. In this case, it can easily be malleable. The sides and the roof of the mine, secured by a frame support, are tightened with reinforcement from reinforced concrete plates or from wooden boards or beams.

 The lining of the mates of the preparatory workings is made of monolithic concrete, and in the case of unstable rocks, an additional fastening can be installed.

 After driving the preparatory workings in the bottom of each chamber, the workings of the outlet pass, which are fastened with a rod or spray concrete support. To increase the stability of the entire bottom, excavations can be completed using smooth-walled blasting. For each output from transport units, loading races for self-propelled loading and delivery vehicles take place.

 Ore breaking in the chamber begins with cutting a cutting gap. Depending on the mining and geological conditions and the adopted mining technology, the cutting slot can be divided both along the long and short axis of the block. The first option is preferably performed when removing the chambers of the second stage between the pillars from the hardening bookmarks.

 When cutting a cutting gap, a cutting uprising initially takes place, which, depending on the location of the cutting gap, passes in the center of the chamber or on one of its flanks in contact with the host rocks. A cutting uprising can be passed both from top to bottom and from bottom to top using sectional blasting methods, in particular, to a central well, small-hole blasting, as well as drilling using large diameter drilling rigs or wood-boring machines. It is advisable to drill with a pioneer well, and small-hole breaking using self-propelled tunneling regiments.

 After the drilling of the sub-floor workings, which divide the floor into sub-floors, they begin to drill a mineral array of deep wells. Depending on the geological and geological conditions and the accepted technology of excavation, drilling can be carried out by fans of wells, parallel wells or bunches of wells. Drilling workings must be completed accordingly. Drilling rigs with loading pneumatic or hydraulic hammers, as well as diamond drilling machines, can be involved in well drilling.

 When using hammers as a working agent, it is advisable to use a water-air mixture, possibly with the addition of a surfactant. The rock cutting tool of submersible impactors can be roller cone bits, cross crowns or a combination tool. With a significant depth of the wells, it is necessary to control their direction during the drilling process by methods of borehole geophysics.

 After complete drilling of an array of minerals intended for simultaneous breaking, the wells are charged with explosive charges. As an explosive, ammonium nitrate explosive or detonite can be used. Well loading is carried out by pneumatic chargers. Explosion patterns can be various, in particular, short-delayed with inter-hole or inter-well retardation, with counter-directional or one-sided initiation of charges.

 After airing the face, they begin to release ore from the chamber, which is carried out on the soil of loading races, from where it is transported by loading machines to the loading unit with further delivery to the surface. Oversized pieces of ore emanating from the chamber are crushed, for example, by overhead charges of explosives before transportation.

 The extraction of ore in adjacent floors is carried out in the following sequence.

 Chambers are worked out simultaneously on two floors with chambers shifted by half their width, chambers of the first stage of the lower floor are chamfered with the formation of a pillar in the roof of each chamber and an interchamber pillar with a width equal to three times the width of the chamber, the output of broken ore to the delivery horizons of both floors is bypassed parts of the beaten ore of the upper floor into the mined space of the lower floor, then in a similar manner they excavate the second stage chambers in the middle of the interchamber pillar, while laying the chambers of the second the queues are produced by hardening mixtures after the ore is completely released from the indicated chambers, and after hardening by hardening, in the chambers of the first and second stages, third-stage chambers are worked out with excavation of pillars in the roof of the chambers of the first and second phases and the top pillar of the upper floor and the release of beaten ore to the delivery horizon lower floor.

 The laying of the developed space of the lower floor is carried out after the complete release of the broken ore. As a filler for the bookmark can be used crushed rock obtained by sinking preparatory workings.

 The first method for the extraction, processing and concentration of copper, and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with a possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies is as follows.

 The deposit is opened by dispensing and ventilation shafts, an inclined exit, near-barrel yards, crosshairs are being developed on each main horizon, crushing and batching complexes are being developed at the issuing shafts, the mine field is being prepared by tunneling drift drifts and unit vectors at major horizons, drifts and horizon horizons deliveries, ventilation crosshairs, exhaust workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passages between delivery horizons and main horizons, passage cut-off insurgents in each treatment chamber of the first and subsequent stages, cut-off insurgents in cut-off slits, drill workings on sub-floors.

 Haul-off drifts and unit vectors, depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body, pass through deadlock or ring schemes for block or panel preparation. Capital and preparatory workings in stable host rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the MM Protodyakonov scale of more than 7, are carried out using drilling and blasting operations without fastening with smooth-walled or contour blasting, with a distance between contour bore holes equal to 2-10 their diameters.

 Preparatory workings are fixed directly over the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete concrete lining with a thickness of 3-5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30-50 MPa.

 And during the excavation of the preparatory workings in the layered host rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to a stronger main roof or fastened together with anchor support using steel rods made as an anchor support, made in the form of a round rod, at one end of which there is a thread for screwing the nut, and on another lock for fixing the rod in a pre-drilled hole or steel-polymer rods made in the form of a round steel rod with a sealing ring and ampoules with polymerized composition destroyed during the introduction of a steel rod into the hole.

 When using reinforced concrete rods as anchor supports, they are made by filling pre-drilled holes with a sand-cement mortar, followed by the introduction of steel reinforcement from periodic steel, or by cutting steel ropes or twisted wires.

 The anchor holes are drilled with self-propelled drilling rigs with several rotary, impact-rotary drilling machines, or telescopic perforators with hole cleaning by means of compressed air or with washing. In fractured rocks or rocks with tectonic disturbances, boreholes are drilled using cross crowns, and in the absence of fracturing using chisel crowns.

 Anchor support is installed with the help of self-propelled mounts equipped with platforms for safe work, or with suspended platforms, hung after drilling the face on the drilling machines of self-propelled drilling rigs.

 The preparatory workings are fastened with a pliable frame support, consisting of arches and interarrow metal ties, each arch made of one upper segment and two side links from a special profile, while the ends of the upper segment of the arch are telescopically inserted into the side links, the joints are pulled together with clamps, and between support frames set the tightening, which is made of reinforced concrete, or of wood.

 Production workpieces are fixed with a monolithic concrete lining with a filler in the form of sand and gravel with cement grade 300-600, or, with layered rocks with a rod lining, or, directly over the rock, spray-concrete or shotcrete lining, and in stable rocks pass using smooth blasting with the distance between the contour holes, equal to 2-5 of their diameter.

 After the preparatory work is completed, the cutting gap is cut, which begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, which is passed with unstable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side at the contact with the rocks of the lying side or in the center of the chamber. Cutting risers are predominantly carried out by section blasting of wells with each section length from 1 to 2.5 diameters of the riser, and the sinking begins with drilling of the central well, and sections are blown into the free space of the drilled central well.

 A detachable uprising can also be done with small-hole blasting with a wedge, pyramidal or slotted cut, using a self-propelled tunneling regiment moving along the monorail being built up as it is drilled or suspended on a rope fixed on an overlying horizon.

 In addition, a detachable uprising can be passed using a large diameter drilling rig placed in a previously passed drilling chamber on an overlying horizon or using a burrow-proofing machine located in a drilling niche passed on a lower horizon by drilling a pioneer well with its subsequent expansion.

 After driving a cutting uprising, it is cut along the long or short axis of the chamber into a cutting slot to form a compensation space in the treatment chamber, while the cutting gap along the short axis is performed in the chambers of the first stage, and along the long axis in the chambers of the second stage, which reduces the impact of explosive works on the stowage array.

 Initially, the ore mass of the first-stage chambers is drilled, which is carried out from drilling units by deep-hole fans, or from drifts by parallel deep wells, or by beams of parallel deep wells, which are drilled by drilling rigs with submersible hammers, hydraulic hammers, or a combined tool, using as working tool of cross crowns or cone bits. To ensure high-quality ore breaking during drilling, control over their orientation is carried out. Control is carried out by methods of borehole geophysics.

 After drilling the chamber array with deep wells, they are charged using ejector, chamber or drum pneumatic chargers. As explosives, ammonium nitrate explosives of the igdanite, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite type type, or ammunition, ammonite, and ammunition type cartridge-type explosives are used. Blasting is carried out shortly.

 When drilling an array of chambers of the first and second phases, wells in their roof are drilled taking into account the formation of a pillar to separate from the overlying horizon. At the same time, the pillars are given a tented shape with a ratio of the height of the arch to the half-span of the camera from 1: 1 to 1: 3.

 Chambers of the first stage work through the pillar with a width equal to three times the width of the treatment chamber. In the middle of the thus formed interchamber pillar, second-stage chambers are worked out. Ore extraction in the chambers of the first and second phases is carried out simultaneously on two horizons with the transfer of part of the broken ore of the upper horizon to the mined space of the lower horizon chambers. In this case, the chambers of both adjacent horizons work out with a displacement relative to each other by half their width.

 Excavation of pillars in the chambers of the first and second stage is carried out by drilling them with wells from the sub-floor openings of the chambers of the third stage, charging with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third stage. Excavation of the top-floor pillars of the upper floor is carried out by drilling them with wells from transport units of the upper horizon, loading them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with exploding charges in the wells drilled in the array of third-stage chambers.

 After the complete release of the beaten ore from the chambers of the first and second stages, a hardening tab is fed into the worked-out space, after preliminary isolation of their outlet workings.

 The output of the broken-off copper-zinc ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration exciters made in the form of short vibrating plates 1.2 m long, installed in pre-drilled niches under the outlet workings, and the part of the broken-off copper-zinc ore of the upper floor is bypassed to the mined space of the lower floor by overflow workings passed on pillars in the roof of each chamber.

 Before the delivery of the beaten ore, oversized pieces are destroyed by blasting overhead charges with a cumulative recess, initiated by a detonating borehole or pneumatically, hydraulically, or mechanically butoys installed permanently in pre-drilled niches.

The delivery of broken ore is carried out by self-propelled loading and delivery machines with a bucket volume from 1 to 6 m ³ at a distance of 60 to 300 m, respectively.

 After hardening the bookmarks in the chambers of the first and second stages, they begin to excavate the chambers of the third stage, which is carried out in the same manner as the chambers of the first two stages with the release of broken ore only on the lower floor. The worked out space of the cameras of the last queues is filled with a loose bookmark.

When the distance from the precinct loading point to the dispensing trunk is more than 500 m, the transport of broken copper-zinc ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ , and when the distance from the precinct loading station to the dispensing trunk is less than 500 m the transport of broken copper-zinc ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10-25 tons or in self-propelled wagons with a carrying capacity of 5-10 tons.

Before loading copper-zinc ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers to a particle size of 300 mm. To raise copper-zinc ore to a surface processing complex, skips with a fixed or deflecting body with a capacity of 15-20 m ^{3 are used} .

 The filing material is fed into the chamber exhaust space pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and preliminary moistening the filling material to reduce dust formation or hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a solid to liquid ratio in the pulp of 1: 1-1: 2 with a particle size of 1-2 mm, 1: 3-1: 4 with a particle size of 20-30 mm and 1: 5-1: 6 with a particle size of 40-60 mm.

 As a hardening bookmark of the first-stage chambers, cement-sand-gravel mixtures with active mineral or surface-active additives are used to control the rheological and strength properties of the filling mass and the time of its hardening. In the process of preparing a hardening filling mixture and in the laying process, its composition is checked, and after hardening, the strength of the filling mass is controlled by sampling and their strength testing.

 In the process of hardening the filling array, its strength is determined by acoustic sounding methods by measuring the propagation velocity of longitudinal waves by pulsed acoustic logging equipment.

 When laying the mined-out space, the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings can be used, which is first crushed to the required size, which is produced by cone, jaw or hammer crushers, sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens, at a surface or underground crushing and screening complex.

 Processing of copper-zinc ore at a surface processing complex is carried out by averaging it by layer-by-layer stacking of thin layers in a stack and subsequent unloading of the stack by excavators or unloading machines in trestle or semi-bunker warehouses with a capacity of 10-20 day ore supply.

 The specified processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by separating waste rock by methods of piecewise separation with the storage of waste rock in dumps, and the selected ore in averaging warehouses.

 Processing at the surface processing complex can be carried out by leaching the ore components harmful to the enrichment process at specially prepared sites having a system for collecting and removing solutions containing harmful components.

 Then, copper-zinc ores are prepared for enrichment by crushing ore with intermediate screening operations, grinding with intermediate classification operations using medium and fine crushers, ball mills, screens and hydrocyclones. The first stage of crushing is carried out to a particle size of 250-0 mm, the second stage to a particle size of 50-0 mm, the classification after the first stage of grinding is carried out in two stages, and in the first stage 36-43% of the class 0.074 mm is first isolated, and then the product emit 45-52% of the class 0,074 mm, which is sent to flotation.

 The enrichment of copper-zinc ores can be carried out using basic collective flotation with the separation of pyrite concentrate into the chamber product and the separation of copper-zinc concentrate into the foam product, which, after classification with regrinding, is subjected to basic copper flotation, and the concentrate of basic copper flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to three cleanings, and the tails of the main copper flotation after the control flotation are sent to the main zinc flotation.

 The main zinc flotation is carried out in the presence of butyl xanthate 35-45 g / t of ore and copper sulphate in the amount of 300-350 g / t of ore, and the concentrate of the main zinc flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to four purification zinc flotations, as a result of which after thickening, filtering and drying get zinc concentrate, while from the chamber product of the main zinc flotation after control flotation, thickening, filtering and drying get pyrite concentrate.

 The concentration of copper-zinc ores can also be carried out using selective flotation methods, in which case the main copper flotation is carried out first, the concentrate of which is sent for classification in a closed cycle with regrinding followed by three purifications of the concentrate, thickening, filtering and drying to obtain copper concentrate, this from the tails of the main copper flotation after the control flotation are the allocation of zinc concentrate by the main zinc flotation and at least five concentrate current.

 If there is pyrite in the copper-zinc ore after zinc flotation, the material is treated with sodium sulfide, thickened, regrind, treated with zinc sulfate and sodium carbonate and the main copper-pyrite flotation is carried out to obtain zinc concentrate and intermediate product sent to the main copper flotation cycle, and the pyrite concentrate is obtained after control flotation chamber product main zinc flotation.

 If lead is present in copper-zinc ore, it is preliminarily enriched in a heavy suspension, after washing, the heavy fraction is finished and sent to a staged collective selective flotation scheme to produce lead-copper and zinc-pyrite concentrate, followed by their separation into lead, copper and zinc, and selection concentrates are carried out according to cyanide-free technology.

If gold is present in the copper-zinc ore after the first grinding stage, a deposit is carried out with the release of a gold-containing product, which, after classification and regrinding, is concentrated on tables whose concentrate is fed to amalgamation, while the amalgam together with a large fraction of amalgamation tails is enriched on a concentration table to obtain a solid amalgam which is steamed in an electric furnace at a temperature of 700 ^about With the receipt of the raw gold and mercury.

 The separated concentrates are conditioned to meet the established technical requirements for sending to a metallurgical transfer.

 The second method of extraction, processing and enrichment of copper, and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with a possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies is as follows.

 The field is mined partially open way, and partially discovered underground. At the same time, part of the field can be mined using the open pit at the same time as the other part of the field is mined by the underground method, leaving a temporary barrier pillar between the open and underground mines.

 At least part of the barrier pillar can be formed artificially, for example, by installing a cable lining with subsequent monolithic hardening material.

 Underground mining of part of a deposit can be carried out after full or partial completion of open-cast mining operations, at least in part of the ore field.

 When mining part of the field by underground mining after partial completion of the open-cast mining operations, they can resume open-cast mining operations and post open pit sides during reconstruction.

 When the part of the field mined by the open pit is located below the part of the field mined by the underground method, at least part of the ore mined by the underground method is transported by cross-barrels and / or ore passes to the area of work carried out by the open pit method.

 After completion of the underground method, if part of the ore reserves is left, the latter is mined, at least in part, by open pit mining.

 Underground work is carried out as in the first method for mining and processing copper and / or copper-zinc and / or zinc and / or sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare-earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies.

 The invention allows to intensify the work at all stages and to ensure the receipt of the maximum possible number of extracted minerals in the shortest possible time and thereby increase the profitability of deposits.

Claims (126)

 1. A method of developing steep-dipping ore bodies, which consists in carrying out preparatory workings on the transport horizon of the floor, sinking capital workings of the output and bypass workings with a system of recoil drifts and unit loadings, cutting a cutting gap, drilling a mineral array with deep wells, loading them with explosive charges, breaking off useful fossilized explosive charges in wells, ore extraction by chambers in adjacent floors with the release of broken ore for transport workings of both floors and the bypass of part of beaten ore of the upper floor into the worked out space of the lower floor, characterized in that the chambers are mined simultaneously on two floors with a half-width displacement of the chambers, the chambers of the first stage of the lower floor are mined with the formation of a pillar in the roof of each chamber and an interchamber pillar with a width equal to three times the width of the chamber, the release of the beaten ore to the delivery horizons of both floors is carried out with the transfer of part of the beaten ore of the upper floor to the mined space of the lower floor, then similarly produce chambers of the second stage in the middle of the interchamber pillar, while the laying of the chambers of the second stage is carried out by hardening mixtures after the ore is completely discharged from these chambers and, after hardening by hardening, the chambers of the first and second stages are worked out by chambers of the third stage with the notch in the roof of the chambers of the first and second bursts and overboard pillars of the upper floor and the release of broken ore to the delivery horizon of the lower floor.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the haul-off drifts and unit vectors at the horizons, depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body, are performed according to deadlock or ring schemes for block or panel preparation.  3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the capital and preparatory workings in stable host rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the M.Protodyakonov scale of more than 7, are performed using blasting without fastening with smooth-walled or contour blasting, with a distance between contour holes equal to 2 to 10 of their diameter.  4. The method according to PP. 1 - 3, characterized in that the preparatory workings are fixed directly over the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete concrete lining with a thickness of 3 - 5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30 - 50 MPa.  5. The method according to PP. 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that during the excavation of the preparatory workings in the layered enclosing rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to a stronger main roof or are fastened together by anchor support using steel rods made in the form of a round rod as anchor support at the end of which there is a thread for screwing the nut, and on the other there is a lock for securing the rod in a pre-drilled hole, or steel-polymer rods made in the form of a round steel rod with a sealing ring ohm and ampoules polymerizable composition fracturable upon administration steel rod into the hole.  6. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that reinforced concrete rods are used as anchor supports made by filling pre-drilled holes with sand-cement mortar and then introducing into it steel reinforcement from periodic steel or pieces of steel ropes or twisted wires.  7. The method according to PP. 5 and 6, characterized in that the bore holes for the anchor support are drilled with self-propelled drilling rigs with several rotary, impact-rotary drilling machines or telescopic perforators with a hole cleaning by means of compressed air or with washing.  8. The method according to PP. 5 - 7, characterized in that the bore holes for anchor support in fractured rocks or rocks with tectonic disturbances are drilled using cross crowns, and in the absence of fracturing - using chisel crowns.  9. The method according to PP. 5 - 8, characterized in that the anchor support is installed using self-propelled mounts equipped with platforms for safe work, or from suspended platforms, hung after drilling the face on the drilling machines of self-propelled drilling rigs.  10. The method according to PP. 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the preparatory workings are secured by a pliable frame support consisting of arches and interarrow metal screeds, each arch made of one upper segment and two side links from a special profile, while the ends of the upper segment of the arch are telescopically inserted into the side links, connection points are tightened with clamps, and between the frames of the lining, a tightening is installed, which is pulled out of reinforced concrete or of wood.  11. The method according to PP. 1 - 10, characterized in that the output workings are fixed with a monolithic concrete lining with aggregate in the form of sand and gravel with cement grade 300 - 600, or, in layered formations, with a rod lining, or, directly over the rock, with spray-concrete or shotcrete lining, and in stable rocks pass using smooth-walled or contour blasting with distances between contour holes equal to 2 to 5 of their diameter.  12. The method according to PP. 1 - 11, characterized in that the cutting of the cutting gap begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, passable with unstable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side - in contact with the rocks of the lying side, or in the center cameras.  13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the cutting risers are sectional blasting wells with each section length from 1 to 2.5 diameters of the riser, and the sinking begins with the drilling of the central well, and the sections are blasted into the free space of the drilled central well .  14. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the detachable riser undergo small-hole blasting with a wedge, pyramidal or slotted cut, using a self-propelled tunneling regiment moving along the monorail growing as it penetrates or suspended on a rope fixed to an overlying horizon.  15. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the cutting risers are held using a large diameter drilling rig placed in a previously passed drilling chamber on an overlying horizon, or using a burrowing machine located in a drilling niche, passed on the underlying horizon, by drilling pioneer well with its subsequent expansion.  16. The method according to PP. 1 to 15, characterized in that the cutting slot is cut along the long or short axis of the chamber.  17. The method according to PP. 1 to 16, characterized in that the ore mass of the chamber is drilled from the bays by deep-hole fans, or from drifts by parallel deep boreholes, or by bundles of parallel deep boreholes that are drilled by drilling rigs with submersible hammers, hydraulic hammers or a combined tool, using as working tool of cross crowns or cone bits.  18. The method according to PP. 1 to 17, characterized in that in the process of drilling deep wells control their direction by methods of downhole geophysics.  19. The method according to PP. 1 - 18, characterized in that deep wells are charged using ejector, chamber or drum pneumatic chargers, and ammonia-nitrate explosives of the type igdanite, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite, or cartridge-type explosives such as detonite, ammonal, ammonite, are used as explosives and explode shortly.  20. The method according to PP. 1 - 19, characterized in that when the pillars are formed in the roofs of the chambers, they are given a tented shape with a ratio of the height of the arch to the half-span of the chamber from 1: 1 to 1: 3.  21. The method according to PP. 1 - 20, characterized in that the excavation of the pillars in the chambers of the first and second stage is carried out by drilling them with wells from the sub-floor workings of the chambers of the third and fourth stages, charging with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stage.  22. The method according to PP. 1 - 21, characterized in that the excavation of the above-pillar pillars of the upper floor is carried out by drilling them with wells from the transport unit of the upper horizon, loading them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with exploding charges in the wells drilled in the array of third-stage chambers.  23. The method according to PP. 1 - 22, characterized in that the release of the beaten ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration actuators, made in the form of short vibratory platforms 1.2 m long, installed in previously covered niches under the exhaust workings.  24. The method according to PP. 1 - 23, characterized in that the bypass part of the beaten ore of the upper floor in the mined space of the lower floor is produced by bypass workings, passed on pillars in the roof of each chamber.  25. The method according to PP. 1 - 24, characterized in that before the delivery of the beaten ore, oversized pieces are destroyed by blasting overhead charges with a cumulative recess, initiated by a detonating cord or pneumatically, hydraulically or mechanically butoevbs permanently installed in previously covered niches. 26. The method according to PP. 1 to 25, characterized in that the delivery of broken ore is carried out by self-propelled loading and delivery machines with a bucket volume of 1 to 6 m ³ at a distance of 60 to 300 m, respectively. 27. The method according to PP. 1 - 25, characterized in that when the distance from the precinct loading point to the dispensing shaft is more than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ .  28. The method according to PP. 1 - 26, characterized in that at a distance from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft of less than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is at least partially carried out by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10 - 25 tons or in self-propelled cars with a carrying capacity of 5 - 10 tons.  29. The method according to PP. 1 - 28, characterized in that before loading the ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers to a particle size of 300 mm. 30. The method according to PP. 1 - 29, characterized in that for lifting the ore to the surface processing complex using skips with a fixed or deviating body with a capacity of 15 - 20 m ³ .  31. The method according to PP. 1 to 30, characterized in that the filing of the filling material in the developed space of the chambers is at least partially carried out pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and preliminary wetting of the filling material to reduce dust formation.  32. The method according to PP. 1 to 30, characterized in that the filing material in the mined chamber space is at least partially carried out hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a ratio of solid to liquid in the pulp 1: 1 - 1: 2 with a particle size of 1 - 2 mm, 1: 3 - 1: 4 with a fineness of pieces of 20 - 30 mm and 1: 5 - 1: 6 with a fineness of pieces of 40 - 60 mm.  33. The method according to PP. 1 - 32, characterized in that as a hardening bookmark of the first-stage chambers, cement-sand-gravel mixtures with active mineral or surface-active additives are used to control the rheological and strength properties of the filling mass and the time of its hardening.  34. The method according to PP. 1 to 33, characterized in that during the preparation of the hardening filling mixture and during laying, they control its composition, and after hardening, they control the strength of the filling mass by sampling and testing them for strength.  35. The method according to PP. 1 to 34, characterized in that in the process of hardening the filling array, its strength is determined by acoustic sounding methods by measuring the propagation velocity of longitudinal waves by pulsed acoustic logging equipment.  36. The method according to PP. 1 to 35, characterized in that when laying at least part of the worked-out space, the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is used, which is first crushed to the required size on a surface or underground crushing and screening complex.  37. The method according to p. 36, characterized in that the crushing of the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is carried out by cone, jaw or hammer crushers, and the crushed rock is sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens.  38. The method of extraction, processing and enrichment of copper, and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies, according to which the deposit is opened with dispensing and ventilation shafts, inclined ramps, roundabout yards, crosshairs are conducted on each main horizon, crushing and batching complexes are developed at the issuing shafts, the mine field is prepared by sinking field drifts and orts on the main horizons, drifts and orts of the delivery horizons, ventilation taps, release workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passes between the delivery horizons and the main horizons pass, cutting rebels in each treatment chamber of the first and subsequent stages pass, cut off cutting rebels in detachable slots, drill holes on sub-floors, drill an ore body array within each treatment chamber with deep wells, charge them with explosive charges, etc. the ore is blasted to the compensation space of the cutting slots by blasting explosive charges, the broken ore of each chamber is released to the delivery horizon, the oversized ore is crushed and the beaten ore is transported to crushing and batching complexes of small-barrel yards with subsequent loading into skips and lifting to the surface processing complex, they are processed at a surface processing complex and transported to an enrichment plant, prepare for enrichment and enrichment of ores To obtain ore concentrate, prepare a hardening tab on the surface stowing complex, which is fed into the worked out space of the treatment chambers, prepare a loose bookmark and feed it into the worked out space of the treatment chambers of the last stage, characterized in that the chambers are worked out simultaneously on two floors with a camera offset half their width, mining the chambers of the first stage of the lower floor is carried out with the formation of a pillar in the roof of each chamber and interchamber pillar with a width equal to triple w By the side of the chamber, the output of the beaten ore to the delivery horizons of both floors is carried out with the transfer of part of the beaten ore of the upper floor to the worked out space of the lower floor, then the second-stage chambers in the middle of the interchamber pillar are similarly excavated, while the second-stage chambers are laid with hardening mixtures after full ores from these chambers and, after hardening by hardening, in the chambers of the first and second stages, chambers of the third stage are worked out with a notch in the roof of the chambers howl and second queues and nadortovogo pillar upper floor and the outlet of broken ore on the ground floor level delivery.  39. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that the haul-off drifts and the unit vectors at the horizons, depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body, are performed according to deadlock or ring schemes for block or panel preparation.  40. The method according to PP. 38 and 39, characterized in that the capital and preparatory workings in stable enclosing rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the M. M. Protodyakonov scale of more than 7, are performed using blasting without fastening with smooth-walled or contour blasting, with a distance between contour holes equal to 2 to 10 of their diameters.  41. The method according to PP. 38 - 40, characterized in that the preparatory workings, at least partially, are fastened directly to the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete concrete lining with a thickness of 3 - 5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30 - 50 MPa.  42. The method according to PP. 38 - 41, characterized in that during the excavation of the preparatory workings at least in the areas of the laminated enclosing rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to the main roof or fastened together with anchor support using steel rods made in the form of a round rod as anchor support one end of which has a thread for screwing the nut, and the other has a lock for securing the rod in a pre-drilled hole, or steel-polymer rods made in the form of a round steel rod with otnitelnym ring and ampoules polymerizable composition fracturable upon administration steel rod into the hole.  43. The method according to p. 42, characterized in that reinforced concrete rods are used as anchor supports made by filling pre-drilled holes with sand-cement mortar and then introducing into it steel reinforcement from periodic steel or pieces of steel ropes, or twisted wires.  44. The method according to p. 43, characterized in that the bore holes for the anchor support are drilled with self-propelled drilling rigs with several rotary, impact-rotary drilling machines or telescopic perforators with a hole cleaning by means of compressed air or with washing.  45. The method according to PP. 42 - 44, characterized in that the bore holes for anchor support, at least in fractured rocks or rocks with tectonic disturbances, are drilled using cross crowns, and in the absence of fracturing, using chisel crowns.  46. The method according to PP. 42 - 45, characterized in that the anchor support is installed with the help of self-propelled mounts equipped with platforms for safe work or from suspended platforms, hung after drilling the face on the drilling machines of self-propelled drilling rigs.  47. The method according to PP. 38 - 40, 42 - 46, characterized in that at least part of the preparatory workings are secured by a compliant frame support, consisting of arches and interarrow metal screeds, each arch made of one upper segment and two side links of special profile, while the ends of the upper An arch segment is telescopically inserted into the side links, the joints are pulled together with clamps, and a tightening is established between the supports, which are made of reinforced concrete or of wood.  48. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that the production outlet is secured with a monolithic concrete lining with aggregate in the form of sand and gravel with cement of grade 300-600, or with layered rocks - rod support, or directly over the rock - with spray concrete or shotcrete support, and in stable rocks, they pass using smooth-walled blasting with a distance between contour holes equal to 2 to 5 of their diameter.  49. The method according to PP. 38 - 48, characterized in that the cutting of the cutting gap begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, passable with unstable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side - in contact with the rocks of the lying side, or in the center cameras.  50. The method according to p. 49, characterized in that the cutting risers are section blasting wells with each section length from 1 to 2.5 diameters of the riser, and the sinking begins with the drilling of the central well, and the sections are blasted into the free space of the drilled central well .  51. The method according to p. 49, characterized in that the detachable insurgent undergo small-hole blasting with a wedge, pyramidal or slotted cut, using a self-propelled tunneling regiment moving along the monorail being built up as it is drifted or suspended on a rope fixed to an overlying horizon.  52. The method according to p. 49, characterized in that the cutting risers are held using a large diameter drilling rig placed in a preliminary walked drilling chamber on an overlying horizon, or using a burrowing machine located in a drilling niche, passed on the underlying horizon, by drilling pioneer well with its subsequent expansion.  53. The method according to PP. 38 - 52, characterized in that the cutting slot is cut along the long or short axis of the chamber.  54. The method according to PP. 38 - 53, characterized in that the ore mass of the chamber is drilled from the bays by deep-hole fans, or from drifts by parallel deep boreholes, or by bundles of parallel deep boreholes, which are drilled by drilling rigs with submersible hammers, hydraulic hammers, or a combined tool, using as a working tool for cross crowns or cone bits.  55. The method according to PP. 38 - 54, characterized in that in the process of drilling deep wells control their direction by methods of borehole geophysics.  56. The method according to PP. 38 - 55, characterized in that deep wells are charged using ejector, chamber or drum pneumatic chargers, and ammonia-nitrate explosives of the type igdanite, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite, or cartridge-type explosives such as detonite, ammonal, ammonite, are used as explosives and explode shortly.  57. The method according to PP. 38 - 56, characterized in that when forming pillars in the roofs of the chambers they are given a tented shape with a ratio of the height of the arch to the half-lumen of the chamber from 1: 1 to 1: 3.  58. The method according to PP. 38 - 57, characterized in that the excavation of the pillars in the chambers of the first and second stage is carried out by drilling them with wells from the sub-floor workings of the chambers of the third and fourth stages, charging explosives with charges and blasting simultaneously with blasting charges in wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stage.  59. The method according to PP. 38 - 58, characterized in that the excavation of the above-pillar pillars of the upper floor is carried out by drilling wells from the transport unit of the upper horizon, loading them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stages.  60. The method according to PP. 38 - 59, characterized in that the release of chipped ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration actuators, made in the form of short vibratory platforms 1.2 m long, installed in previously covered niches under the exhaust workings.  61. The method according to PP. 38 - 60, characterized in that the bypass part of the beaten ore of the upper floor in the mined space of the lower floor is produced by bypass workings, passed on pillars in the roof of each chamber.  62. The method according to PP. 38 - 61, characterized in that before the delivery of the beaten ore, oversized pieces are destroyed by blasting overhead charges with a cumulative recess, initiated by a detonating cord or pneumatically, hydraulically or mechanically butoevbs permanently installed in pre-drilled niches. 63. The method according to PP. 38 - 62, characterized in that the delivery of at least part of the broken ore is carried out by self-propelled loading machines with a bucket volume from 1 to 6 m ³ used at distances from 60 to 300 m, respectively. 64. The method according to PP. 38 - 62, characterized in that when the distance from the precinct loading point to the dispensing shaft is more than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to the ore batcher of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ .  65. The method according to PP. 38 - 62, characterized in that at a distance from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft of less than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is at least partially carried out by dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 10 - 25 tons or in self-propelled cars with a carrying capacity of 5 - 10 tons.  66. The method according to PP. 38 - 65, characterized in that before loading the ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers to a particle size of 300 mm. 67. The method according to PP. 38 - 66, characterized in that for lifting ore to the surface processing complex using skips with a fixed or deflecting body with a capacity of 15 - 20 m ³ .  68. The method according to PP. 38 - 67, characterized in that the filing of the filling material in the developed space of the chambers is at least partially carried out pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and pre-wetting the filling material to reduce dust formation.  69. The method according to PP. 38 - 67, characterized in that the filing material in the mined chamber space is at least partially carried out hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a ratio of solid to liquid in the pulp 1: 1 - 1: 2 with a particle size of 1 - 2 mm, 1: 3 - 1: 4 with a fineness of pieces of 20 - 30 mm and 1: 5 - 1: 6 with a fineness of pieces of 40 - 60 mm.  70. The method according to PP. 38 - 69, characterized in that as a hardening bookmark of the first-stage chambers, cement-sand-gravel mixtures with active mineral or surface-active additives are used to control the rheological and strength properties of the filling mass and the time of its hardening.  71. The method according to PP. 38, characterized in that during the preparation of the hardening filling mixture and during the laying process, they control its composition, and after hardening, they control the strength of the filling mass by sampling and testing them for strength.  72. The method according to PP. 38 and 71, characterized in that in the process of hardening the filling array, its strength is determined by acoustic sounding methods by measuring the propagation velocity of longitudinal waves using pulsed acoustic logging equipment.  73. The method according to PP. 38 - 72, characterized in that when laying at least part of the selected space use the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings, which is previously crushed to the required size on a surface or underground crushing and screening complex.  74. The method according to p. 73, characterized in that the crushing of the rock obtained during the sinking of the preparatory workings is carried out by cone, jaw or hammer crushers, and the crushed rock is sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens.  75. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that the processing of ore at the surface processing complex is carried out by averaging it by layer-by-layer stacking in thin layers into a stack and then unloading the stack by excavators or unloading machines in trestle or semi-bunker warehouses with a capacity of 10 to 20 days ore supply.  76. The method according to PP. 38 and 75, characterized in that the processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by separating waste rock by methods of piecewise separation with the storage of waste rock in dumps, and the separated ore in averaging warehouses.  77. The method according to PP. 38 and 75, characterized in that the processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by leaching the ore components harmful to the enrichment process at specially prepared sites having a system for collecting and removing solutions containing harmful components.  78. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that the preparation of copper-zinc ores for beneficiation is carried out by crushing ore with intermediate screening operations, grinding with intermediate classification operations using medium and fine crushers, ball mills, screens and hydrocyclones, the first stage of crushing is carried out to a particle size of 260 - 0 mm; the second stage to a particle size of 50 - 0 mm, the classification after the first stage of grinding is carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, 46 - 43% of the class is initially extracted at 0.074 mm, and for those from this product allocate 45 - 52% of the class - 0,074%, which is directed to flotation.  79. The method according to § 38, wherein the enrichment of copper-zinc ores is carried out using basic collective flotation with the release of pyrite concentrate into the chamber product and the separation of copper-zinc concentrate into the foam product, which, after classification with regrinding, is subjected to basic copper flotation, the concentrate being the main copper flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to three cleanings, and the tails of the main copper flotation after control flotation are directed to the main zinc th flotation.  80. The method according to p. 79, characterized in that the main zinc flotation is carried out in the presence of butyl xanthate 35 - 45 g / t of ore and copper sulfate in an amount of 300 - 350 g / t of ore, and the concentrate of basic zinc flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to four peeling zinc flotations as a result of which, after thickening, filtering and drying, zinc concentrate is obtained, while pyrites are obtained from the main product of zinc flotation after control flotation, thickening, filtering and drying th concentrate.  81. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that the enrichment of copper-zinc ores is carried out using selective flotation methods, and first the main copper flotation is carried out, the concentrate of which is sent for classification in a closed cycle with regrinding followed by three purifications of the concentrate, thickening, filtering and drying to obtain copper concentrate, while zinc concentrate is separated from the tails of the main copper flotation after the control flotation by means of the main zinc flotation and at least five erechistok concentrate.  82. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that if there is pyrite in the copper-zinc ore after zinc flotation, the material is treated with sodium sulfide, thickened, refined, treated with zinc sulfate and sodium carbonate and the main copper-pyrite flotation is carried out to obtain zinc concentrate and industrial product sent to the main copper flotation cycle, and the pyrite concentrate is obtained after the control flotation of the chamber product of the main zinc flotation.  83. The method according to p. 38, characterized in that if there is lead in the copper-zinc ore, it is preliminarily enriched in a heavy suspension, the heavy fraction is washed up after washing and sent to a staged collective selective flotation scheme to produce lead-copper and zinc-pyrite concentrate with their subsequent separation into lead, copper and zinc, and the selection of concentrates is carried out according to cyanide-free technology. 84. The method according to PP. 38 - 83, characterized in that in the presence of gold in the copper-zinc ore, after the first grinding stage, a deposit is carried out with the release of a gold-containing product, which, after classification and regrinding, is subjected to concentration on tables whose concentrate is fed to amalgamation, while the amalgam along with large the amalgamation tail fraction is enriched on a concentration table to obtain a solid amalgam, which is steamed in an electric furnace at a temperature of 700 ^{° C.} to produce schlich gold and mercury.  85. The method according to PP. 38, 79 - 84, characterized in that the separated concentrates are conditioned to meet the established technical requirements for sending to the metallurgical redistribution.  86. A method for the extraction, processing and concentration of copper, and / or copper-zinc, and / or zinc, and / or sulfur ores with the possible content of gold, silver and other precious and rare earth elements from steeply falling ore bodies, according to which the mine is partially mined by way, and partially opened by dispensing and ventilation shafts, an inclined exit, on each main horizon pass developments of near-barrel yards, crosshairs, at dispensing shafts, workings out of crushing and dosing complexes are carried out, preparation of a mine field by driving field haulage drifts and unit vectors, drifts and unit horns of delivery horizons, ventilation crosshairs, output workings, ventilation and filling drifts, ore passages between delivery horizons and main horizons are carried out on cutting horizons, cutting risers in each treatment chamber of the first and subsequent stages cut up the cutting uprising in each treatment chamber of the first and subsequent bursts, cut up the cutting uprising into cutting slots, drill workings pass through floors, drill an ore body array within each treatment chamber with deep wells, charge them with explosive charges, break the ore into the compensation space of the cutting slots by blasting explosive charges, release the beaten ore of each chamber to the delivery horizon, crush the oversized ore and transport the beaten ore to ore crushing and batching complexes of boreholes with subsequent loading into skips and lifting to a surface processing complex, ore is processed and at the surface processing complex, they are transported to the beneficiation plant, preparation for ore dressing and ore dressing is carried out to obtain ore concentrate, a hardening tab is prepared at the surface filling complex, which is fed into the worked out space of the treatment chambers, a loose bookmark is prepared and fed into the worked out space of the treatment chambers of the last queue, characterized in that the cameras are being worked out simultaneously on two floors with the cameras shifting by half their width, the chambers of the first stage of the lower floor lead to the formation of a pillar in the roof of each chamber and interchamber pillar with a width equal to three times the width of the chamber, the release of broken ore to the delivery horizons of both floors is carried out with the transfer of part of the broken ore of the upper floor to the mined space of the lower floor, then similarly produce the extraction of the second stage chambers in the middle of the interchamber pillar, while the laying of the second stage chambers is carried out by hardening mixtures after the ore is completely released from these chambers and after strength hardening bookmark in the chambers of the first and second queues fulfill the third stage chamber with the recess in the roof pillar cameras first and second queues and nadortovogo pillar upper floor and the outlet of broken ore on the ground floor level delivery.  87. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the development of part of the deposit by an open method is carried out simultaneously with the development of another part of the deposit by the underground method, leaving a temporary barrier pillar between the open and underground workings.  88. The method according to PP. 86 and 87, characterized in that at least part of the barrier pillar is formed artificially.  89. The method according to p. 88, characterized in that at least a portion of the barrier pillar is formed by installing a cable lining with subsequent monolithic hardening material.  90. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the development of part of the deposit by the underground method is carried out after full or partial completion of the open method at least on the part of the ore field.  91. The method according to p. 90, characterized in that when mining part of the field by underground method after partial completion of the open method operations, the open method operations are resumed and the quarry sides are posted during the reconstruction process.  92. The method according to PP. 86 - 91, characterized in that after completion of the underground method in the case of leaving part of the ore reserves, the latter is at least partially mined by an open method.  93. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that when the location of the part of the field mined by the open method is lower than the part of the field mined by the underground method, at least a part of the ore mined by the underground method is transported by cross-bars and / or ore passages to the work area, carried out in an open way.  94. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the haul-off drifts and the unit vectors at the horizons, depending on the power of the steeply falling ore body, are performed according to deadlock or ring schemes for block or panel preparation.  95. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the capital and preparatory workings in stable host rocks that do not have tectonic disturbances, with a coefficient of strength on the MM Protodyakonov scale of more than 7, are performed using blasting operations without fastening with smooth-walled or contour blasting, with a distance between contour holes equal to 2 to 10 of their diameters.  96. The method according to PP. 86 and 95, characterized in that the preparatory workings are fixed directly over the rock with spray concrete or shotcrete concrete lining with a thickness of 3 - 5 to 15 cm with a compressive strength of the finished lining for 28 days 30 - 50 MPa.  97. The method according to PP. 86, 95 and 96, characterized in that during the excavation of the preparatory workings in the layered enclosing rocks, the layers of the direct roof are hemmed to a stronger main roof or fastened together with anchor support.  98. The method according to PP. 86, characterized in that the preparatory workings are secured by a pliable frame support consisting of arches and inter-arch metal ties, each arch being made of one upper segment and two side links from a special profile, while the ends of the upper segment of the arch are telescopically inserted into the side links, the joints tighten with clamps, and between the frames of the lining set a puff.  99. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 98, characterized in that the mine workings are fixed with a monolithic concrete lining with aggregate in the form of sand and gravel with cement of grade 300 - 600, or with layered rocks - with a hose lining, or directly over the rock - with sprayed concrete or shotcrete lining, and in stable rocks pass using gdadkostennoy or contour blasting with a distance between the contour holes equal to 2 to 5 of their diameter.  100. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 99, characterized in that the cutting of the cutting target begins with the cutting of the cutting uprising, passable with unstable rocks of the lying side through the ore body in contact with the rocks of the hanging side, and with unstable rocks of the hanging side - in contact with the rocks of the lying side, or in the center of the camera.  101. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 100, characterized in that the ore mass of the chamber is drilled from the bays by deep-hole fans, or from drifts by parallel deep boreholes, or bundles of parallel deep boreholes drilled by drilling rigs with submersible hammers, hydraulic hammers, or a combined tool using as a working tool for cross crowns or cone bits.  102. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 101, characterized in that deep wells are charged using ejector, chamber or drum air chargers, and ammonia-nitrate explosives of the type igdanite, granulite, grammonal, grammonite, aquanite, or cartridge-type explosives of the type ammonal, ammonite, are used as explosives and explode shortly.  103. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 102, characterized in that the excavation of the pillars in the chambers of the first and second stage is carried out by drilling them with wells from the third and fourth stage sub-floor chambers, charging explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of third and fourth stage chambers .  104. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 103, characterized in that the excavation of the top-floor pillars of the upper floor is carried out by drilling them with wells from the transport unit of the upper horizon, charging them with explosive charges and blasting simultaneously with the explosion of charges in the wells drilled in the array of chambers of the third and fourth stage.  105. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 104, characterized in that the release of broken ore to the delivery horizon is carried out using non-directional vibration actuators, made in the form of short vibratory platforms 1.2 m long, installed and previously covered niches under the exhaust workings.  106. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 105, characterized in that the transfer of part of the beaten ore of the upper floor to the mined space of the lower floor is performed by bypass workings, passed on the pillars in the roof of each chamber. 107. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 106, characterized in that the delivery of broken ore is carried out by self-propelled loading and loading machines with a bucket volume of 1 to 6 m ³ over a distance of 60 to 300 m, respectively. 108. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 107, characterized in that at a distance from the local loading point to the delivery shaft of more than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is carried out by electric locomotives in trolleys with a capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m ³ .  109. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 108, characterized in that at a distance from the local loading point to the dispensing shaft of less than 500 m, the transport of broken ore to ore batchers of boreholes is at least partially carried out by dump trucks with a loading capacity of 10 - 25 tons or in self-propelled cars with a loading capacity of 5 - 10 tons .  110. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 109, characterized in that before loading the ore into skips, it is crushed in an underground crushing complex on jaw, cone or hammer crushers to a particle size of 300 mm. 111. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 110, characterized in that for lifting the ore to the surface processing complex using skips with a fixed or deviating body with a capacity of 15 - 20 m ³ .  112. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 111, characterized in that the filing of the filling material into the worked out space of the chambers is at least partially carried out pneumatically using portable or stationary filling machines and preliminary wetting of the filling material to reduce dust formation.  113. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 112, characterized in that the filing material in the mined chamber space is at least partially carried out hydraulically with the preparation of pulp in surface or underground mixing plants with a ratio of solid to liquid in the pulp 1: 1 - 1: 2 with the size of the pieces material 1 - 2 mm, 1: 3 - 1: 4 with a fineness of pieces 20 - 30 mm and 1: 5 - 1: 6 with a fineness of pieces 40 - 60 mm.  114. The method according to PP. 86, 94 - 113, characterized in that when laying at least part of the worked-out space, the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is used, which is first crushed to the required size on a surface or underground crushing and screening complex.  115. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the crushing of the rock obtained during the excavation of the preparatory workings is carried out by cone, jaw or hammer crushers, and the crushed rock is sorted on grate, vibration or rocking screens.  116. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the processing of copper-zinc ore at a surface processing complex is carried out by averaging it by layering in thin layers in a stack and then unloading the stack with excavators or unloading machines in trestle or semi-bunker warehouses with a capacity of 10 to 20 days ore reserves.  117. The method according to p. 86 or 116, characterized in that the processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by separating waste rock by methods of piecewise separation with the storage of waste rock in dumps, and the allocated ore in averaging warehouses.  118. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the processing at the surface processing complex is carried out by leaching the ore components harmful to the beneficiation process at specially prepared sites having a system for collecting and removing solutions containing harmful components.  119. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the preparation of copper-zinc ores for enrichment is carried out by crushing ore with intermediate screening operations, grinding with intermediate classification operations using medium and fine crushers, ball mills, screens and hydrocyclones, the first stage of crushing is carried out to a particle size of 250 - 0 mm, and the second stage to a particle size of 50 - 0 mm, the classification after the first stage of grinding is carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, 36 - 43% of the class is isolated - 0.074 mm, and then 45 - 52% of the class - 0.074 mm is isolated from this product, which is sent to flotation.  120. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the enrichment is carried out using the main collective flotation with the release of pyrite concentrate into the chamber product and the separation of copper-zinc concentrate into the foam product, which, after classification, is pulverized with primary copper flotation, and the main copper concentrate flotations are classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to three cleanings, and the tails of the main copper flotation after control flotation are sent to the main zinc flotation.  121. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the main zinc flotation is carried out in the presence of butyl xanthate 35 - 45 g / t of ore and copper sulphate in an amount of 300 - 350 g / t of ore, and the concentrate of basic zinc flotation is classified in a closed cycle with regrinding and subjected to four peeling zinc flotations, as a result of which, after thickening, filtering and drying, zinc concentrate is obtained, while pyrite is obtained from the main product of zinc flotation after control flotation, thickening, filtering and drying suspended concentrate.  122. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that the enrichment is carried out using selective flotation methods, whereby the main copper flotation is conducted, the concentrate of which is sent for classification in a closed cycle with regrinding, followed by three purifications of the concentrate, thickening, filtering and drying to obtain copper concentrate, while from the tailings of the main copper flotation after control flotation, zinc concentrate is separated by means of the main zinc flotation and at least five purifications of concentrate Rata.  123. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that if there is pyrite in the copper-zinc ore, after zinc flotation, the material is treated with sodium sulfide, concentrated, refined, treated with zinc sulfate and sodium carbonate and the main copper-pyrite flotation is carried out to obtain zinc concentrate and industrial product sent to the main copper flotation cycle, and the pyrite concentrate is obtained after the control flotation of the chamber product of the main zinc flotation.  124. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that if there is lead in the copper-zinc ore, it is preliminarily enriched in a heavy suspension, the heavy fraction is washed up after washing and sent to a staged collective selective flotation scheme to produce lead-copper and zinc-porous concentrate with their subsequent separation into lead, copper and zinc, and the selection of concentrates is carried out according to cyanide-free technology. 125. The method according to p. 86, characterized in that if there is gold in the copper-zinc ore, after the first grinding stage, a deposit is carried out with the release of a gold-containing product, which, after classification and regrinding, is subjected to concentration on tables whose concentrate is fed to amalgamation, the amalgam, together with a large fraction of amalgamation tails, is enriched on a concentration table to obtain a solid amalgam, which is steamed in an electric furnace at a temperature of 700 ^o C to obtain the sizing gold and mercury.  126. The method according to PP. 120 - 125, characterized in that the separated concentrates are conditioned to meet the established technical requirements for sending to the metallurgical redistribution.