RU199243U1 - HEATING BOILER FURNACE UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed utility model relates to devices for burning solid fuel with fuel supply from below through an opening in the fuel-supporting surface. The furnace unit of the heating boiler includes a burner containing a throat for raising solid fuel and an element of peripheral combustion, an air chamber, an auger for feeding solid fuel from a bunker for combustion, an air blower device, and an external automation unit. The peripheral combustion element is made in the form of a square cast-iron plate equipped with uniformly distributed holes and fuel separators located in the corners of the plate, and has a rectangular cutout in the center. The neck for lifting solid fuel is made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, the larger base of which is rigidly attached to the cast iron plate. The cast iron plate is integrated into the rectangular parallelepiped air chamber fixed to a mounting plate. The housing of the solid fuel supply screw is made asymmetric relative to the screw axis with the possibility of creating an increased space above the screw and on the side opposite to the air supply channel, and is attached to the mounting plate. The spiral of the auger blade, under the air chamber, is made with the direction of the turn opposite to the direction of the turns of the remaining blades of the auger. The air blower is connected through the air supply channel to the air chamber. A valve for connecting a fire safety system is fixed on the auger body. The technical result is to increase the strength of the device by increasing the rigidity. 2 wp f-ly, 4 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to heating systems, namely to devices for burning solid fuel with fuel supply from below through an opening in the fuel of the supporting surface and can be used in household heating systems, in particular for burning solid fuel in furnace units of heating boilers, both in private houses and and in various fields of industry, for example, for heating work and domestic areas of industrial and agricultural premises.

Most of the known designs of the heating boiler combustion unit (for example, http://www.kolton-kotly.ru/ru-kotly-zasypowe/podajniki, http://solar-tt.com/kotly-na-tverdom-toplive-galmet/ ), are arranged as follows: solid fuel supply is ensured by a screw feeding fuel from the fuel hopper to the center of the burner. Fuel combustion occurs in the center of the burner. The supply of fuel and air is carried out periodically with the specified parameters. Burning fuel in the process of combustion moves from the center of the burner to its edge. The main problem with this type of combustion is fuel sintering. Caking coal forms a cap (cake) in the center of the burner and prevents the normal flow of a fresh portion of fuel and air into the combustion zone, which ultimately prevents high-quality combustion.

Known burners described in patents RU 2420689, IPC F23В 40/04, publ. 27.12.2010, RU 155426, F23В 40/00, publ. 10.10.2015, in which the combustion of pellets occurs in the center of the burner, the upper layer of fuel, air is fed through the lower layers of fuel along the perimeter of the combustion zone. Accordingly, when working on sintered fuel (coal, agricultural pellets), a slag crust may form in the upper burning layer of fuel. The slag crust prevents the full penetration of air into the combustion zone and leads to the damping of the combustion process, which does not ensure complete combustion of the fuel.

The closest in technical essence is the heating boiler combustion unit (RU 2636361, IPC F23В 40/04, publ. 11/22/2017), which includes a burner, an air chamber, a screw for feeding solid fuel from a bunker for combustion, a boiler, an air supply device, a remote unit automation. In the device, the burner is cast in one single piece in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base diameter in the lower part and a larger diameter in the upper part of the central nozzle of the burner and is built into a cylindrical air chamber having a neck on the lateral surface connected to the screw housing, while the screw is equipped with an engine and a gearbox that supply fuel to the burner; the peripheral combustion disk is coaxially located relative to the central nozzle of the burner, its outer edge is rigidly fixed to the air chamber housing, and uniformly distributed holes are made on the surface; the air supply device has a communication channel with the side pipe of the air chamber; at the end of the auger shaft, entering the inner cavity of the burner, there are devices for loosening the fuel.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the formation of a slag crust in the upper burning layer of fuel, which prevents air from entering the combustion zone and leads to a deterioration in the combustion process of the fuel and its incomplete combustion. Due to the shape of the burner, the location of the air supply holes on the plane, the air supply strictly vertically from bottom to top, it is impossible to organize high-quality complete combustion of fuel containing volatile substances in the fuel. For the combustion of volatile substances, it is necessary to supply secondary air above the burning fuel layer, i.e. This burner is not suitable for burning brown coal and pellets as fuel.

The task of the proposed utility model is to improve the design of the heating boiler furnace unit to eliminate the indicated drawbacks to create an economical solid fuel boiler, while increasing its reliability in operation, as well as expanding technical capabilities.

The technical results achieved when using the claimed device are: increasing the strength of the device, by increasing the rigidity and eliminating sagging of the screw body, and, consequently, reducing the possibility of jamming the screw. Also, this model of fastening the air chamber allows you to maximally level the deformation of the combustion unit during its operation, which has a positive effect on the operational characteristics and durability of the heating unit.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device of the furnace unit of the heating boiler, which includes a burner containing a throat for raising solid fuel and an element of peripheral combustion, an air chamber, an auger for supplying solid fuel from a bunker for combustion, an air blower, a remote automation unit, according to the claimed solution, the peripheral combustion element is made in the form of a square cast-iron plate with a rectangular cutout in the center formed by the smaller sides of isosceles trapezoids connected to each other with an inclination to the rectangular cutout and equipped with uniformly distributed holes and fuel separators located in the corners of the plate, and the neck for raising solid fuel made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, the larger base of which is rigidly attached to a cast-iron plate built into the air chamber, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, fixed on a mounting plate, while the body of the solid fuel supply screw is made not asymmetric with respect to the screw axis with the possibility of creating an increased space above the screw and on the side opposite to the air supply channel, and is attached to the mounting plate, and the spiral of the screw blade, under the air chamber, is made with a coil direction opposite to the direction of the turns of the remaining auger blades.

The device is complemented by particular distinctive features that contribute to the achievement of the claimed technical result.

The air blower is connected through the air supply channel to the air chamber.

A valve for connecting a fire safety system is fixed on the auger body.

Brief description of the drawings, where the figures show:

figure 1 is a general view of the device of the combustion unit for fuel supply;

figure 2 is a top view of the device;

figure 3 is a general view of the device in isometric;

figure 4 is a section along a-a in figure 1.

The figures indicate: 1 - a peripheral combustion element made in the form of a square cast iron plate, 2 - an air chamber, 3 - a screw for feeding fuel from a hopper to a cast iron plate 1, 4 - an air blower, 5 - a remote automatic control unit, 6 - an installation plate, 7 - removable cover, 8 - auger body, 9 - gear motor, 10 - solid fuel lifting throat, 11 - spiral of the auger blade, made with a coil direction opposite to that of its other blades, 12 - fire safety valve, 13 - evenly distributed holes on the cast iron plate 1, 14 - air supply channel, 15 - fuel separators, 16 - hopper inlet, 17 - waste fuel ramp.

The claimed utility model relates to the field of solid fuel combustion in furnace units of heating boilers.

The utility model includes 1 peripheral combustion element made in the form of a square cast-iron combustion plate rigidly fixed to the air chamber 2, auger 3 for feeding fuel from the bunker to the cast-iron plate 1, an air blower 4, a boiler (not marked in the figure), remote automation unit 5. The perimeter of the cast iron plate is formed by the large sides of the isosceles trapezoids and has a rectangular cutout in the center, formed by the smaller sides of the isosceles trapezoids. The isosceles trapeziums are interconnected with an inclination towards the rectangular cutout. Cast iron plate 1 is equipped with evenly distributed holes and fuel separators located in the corners of the plate. The upper plane of the air chamber 2 is rigidly attached to the cast-iron plate 1 with its end face attached to the mounting plate 6. The lower plane of the air chamber 2 has a hole for cleaning, and this hole is sealed with a removable cover 7. The air chamber 2 is made in the form of a rectangular section with elongated sides from cast iron plate to removable cover 7.

The screw body 8 is attached to the mounting plate 6. The screw 3 is equipped with a motor gearbox 9, which supplies fuel to the cast iron plate 1. The solid fuel lift neck 10 is made of sheet metal and is made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid, where its larger base is rigidly attached to the cast iron plate 1. The inclination to the rectangular cutout of the cast iron plate is no more than 10 ° in the direction of the upper part of the solid fuel lifting neck 10. To evenly lift the fuel up the solid fuel lifting neck 10 spiral 11 of the auger blades, made with a coil direction opposite to the direction of the turns of the rest auger blades 3. The auger casing 8 has a valve for connecting a fire safety system 12 in case of a fire in the auger casing. The cast iron plate 1 has evenly distributed holes 13.

The air blower 4 is connected through the air supply channel 14 to the air chamber 2. The cavities where air and coal pass are separated and cannot be mixed, and the air blower 4 provides by blowing the combustion air through the holes 13. The housing 8 of the screw 3 is made asymmetric relative to the screw axis with the possibility of creating an increased space above the screw and on the side opposite to the air supply channel 14.

Also on the cast iron plate 1 there are fuel separators 15, presented in the form of vertical rectangles with arbitrary bevels to the corners of the cast iron plate, and which are part of the cast iron plate 1. The bunker inlet 16 is located above the screw body 8. The ramp for spent fuel 17 is made between the air chamber 2 and mounting plate 6.

Solid fuel, transported from the fuel bunker under its own weight, enters the housing 8 of the auger 3, and, passing through the housing 8, falls on the cast iron plate 1, through the neck of the solid fuel 10. When the fuel is lifted through the neck 10 onto the cast iron plate 1, the fuel is separated into four independent combustion zones. The fuel rises evenly upward by means of the spiral 11 of the auger blade, made with the direction of the turn opposite to the direction of the turns of the rest of its blades, i.e. directed in the opposite direction from the direction of fuel movement.

The housing 8 of the screw 3, when viewed in section A-A (from the side of the cast iron plate 1), shown in Fig. 4 is a folded sheet steel profile. This profile is rigidly attached by the upper surface to the air supply channel 14, and on the lower surface (opposite to the inlet of the hopper 16 it has two bevels with angles of 45 °, a smaller bevel on the side of the air supply channel 14 and a larger one on the opposite side relative to the air supply channel. is an asymmetric chamber with increased space above the auger and on the side opposite to the air supply channel 14. The proposed geometry of the auger body 8 allows the auger 3, when rotating, to transport pieces of coal up to 50% larger relative to the maximum size of the transported coal fraction. The auger also allows transporting stones, and other non-crushing material without the threat of jamming, along the auger body 8 onto the cast-iron plate 1, which leads to an increase in the reliability of this combustion unit.

The spent fuel ramp 17 is required to discharge the ash into the ash pan. When burning, ash is formed, it moves from the center of the cast iron plate to its edge. From the other three sides of the cast-iron stove, ash falls without problems down into the ash pan (not shown in the figure). On the side of the slab where element 1 is located, ash discharge is difficult, therefore this element is used. Ash, falling on it, rolls from both sides into the ash pan under its own weight.

The claimed utility model is designed for complete combustion of fuel in a heating boiler and allows to reduce the coking of solid fuel.

The ascent of solid fuel along the lift neck 10 is carried out using a spiral of the auger blade 11. This design allows the fuel to be lifted in the center of the neck 10 and evenly distributed over the plane of the cast iron plate 1, which eliminates the spilling of fuel on one side of the plate, as is the case when using a cone lifting funnel and auger having one direction of the spiral of the blades.

The device works as follows.

Solid fuel is poured into the fuel bunker, which, under its own weight, spills out through the receiving throat 16 and enters the housing 8 of the auger 3. The automatic control unit 5 sets in motion the gear motor 9, which transmits the rotation to the auger 3. The auger 3 rotates around its axis , delivers fuel from the hopper (not shown in the figures) along the housing 8 of the auger 3. Solid fuel, reaching the helix of the blade 11, rises up the fuel lift neck 10 and falls on the cast iron combustion plate 1. The process of fuel lifting along the lift neck 10 is ensured by the reverse direction of the spiral of the auger blade 11, which allows the fuel to be uniformly directed upward along the neck of the fuel lifting 10.

When the cast iron plate 1 is filled with solid fuel, the solid fuel is ignited. Ignition is carried out manually or with the use of automatic igniting devices (not shown in these figures).

Simultaneously with the supply of solid fuel through the housing 8 of the screw 3 and its ascent by the spiral of the blade of the screw 11, the automatic control unit 5 turns on the air blower 4 (fan). The air blown by the fan 4 enters the air chamber 2 through the air supply channel 14 rigidly connected to the screw body 8 and is discharged through the holes 13 made in the cast iron plate 1 (see Fig. 3). The volume of supplied air is regulated by the automatic boiler control unit 5.

In the process of fuel combustion on the cast iron plate 1, the total mass of solid fuel is divided into four separate combustion zones using the built-in separator 15. This design of fuel separation prevents the solid fuel from sintering on the cast iron plate 1 into a solid ring-shaped mass, and ensures the output of the sintered solid fuel, pushed by a fresh portion of solid fuel.

The automated solid fuel boiler is equipped with an emergency auger temperature sensor, a central heating temperature sensor, a hot water supply temperature sensor, a flue gas temperature sensor, an external thermometer, an emergency central heating temperature sensor, and all sensors are electrically connected to the control unit.

The inventive combustion unit can be completed with various blocks.

The utility model has distinctive features of a relatively well-known combustion unit - a prototype for heating boilers. The main feature is the four spacers on a square cast iron plate. In contrast to the prototype, the claimed model has separators that allow the fuel to be divided into four separate combustion zones, which do not allow the fuel to "stick together" into one large ring, as is typical for combustion units with a round design. Also, the cast iron square plate has a large area for fuel combustion due to the rectangular design and the angle of inclination of the cast iron plate). Also, a slight inclination (up to 10 °) towards the upper part of the solid fuel lifting neck allows the fuel to better adhere to the cast iron plate and not fall off it. The spiral of the auger blade under the air chamber is made with a coil direction opposite to the direction of the turns of the remaining auger blades.

Fastening the housing of the auger and the air chamber to the mounting plate along a larger perimeter than in the prototype makes it possible to increase the rigidity of the structure and eliminate the sagging of the structure, and, consequently, reduce the possibility of the screw jamming. Also, the fixing of the air chamber allows you to maximize the deformation of the combustion unit during its operation.

Also, the combustion unit is equipped with a fire safety valve, which makes it possible to equip this combustion unit with a safety system that operates without the use of electricity, which reduces the risk of solid fuel ignition in the bunker when the light is turned off.

Claims (3)

1. The furnace unit of a heating boiler, which includes a burner containing a neck for raising solid fuel and an element of peripheral combustion, an air chamber, a screw for feeding solid fuel from a bunker for combustion, an air blower, a remote automation unit, characterized in that the element of peripheral combustion is made in the form a square cast-iron plate with a rectangular cutout in the center, formed by the smaller sides of isosceles trapezoids connected to each other with an inclination to the rectangular cutout, and equipped with uniformly distributed holes and fuel separators located in the corners of the plate, and the neck of the solid fuel lifting is made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid , the larger base of which is rigidly attached to a cast-iron plate built into the air chamber, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, fixed on a mounting plate, while the solid fuel supply screw housing is made asymmetric relative to the screw axis with the possibility of creating the increased space above the auger and on the side opposite to the air supply channel, and is connected to the mounting plate, and the spiral of the auger blade under the air chamber is made with a coil direction opposite to the direction of the turns of the remaining auger blades. 2. The furnace unit of the heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the air blower is connected through the air supply channel to the air chamber. 3. The furnace unit of the heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a valve for connecting a fire safety system is attached to the screw housing.

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