KR20130103518A - Transporting apparatus for electrochemical energy-storage means - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a transportation device (100; 102; 104) for at least one electrochemical energy storage device (150), at least one receiving device (110, 120, 130) for at least partially receiving a hazardous substance (150). , 140, 160 and at least one safety device (132, 134, 136, 138, 142, 170, 180) for the preparation of dangerous situations by the hazardous substances 150 received.

Description

TRANSPORTING APPARATUS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES {TRANSPORTING APPARATUS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY®STORAGE MEANS}

The invention relates in particular to a transport device for the transport and storage of hazardous substances, in particular for the storage of electrochemical energy storage devices, in particular for the reception of lithium ion batteries or lithium ion batteries.

In particular for lithium ion batteries and lithium ion batteries, the following hazards are explicitly known: fire leading to leakage, short circuit, explosion in fluid electrolyte. To reduce this risk, such batteries and cells include suitable housings that increase operational safety. This is known, for example, from EP 2 180 537 A2.

Measures should be taken to reduce or eliminate the risk of contents leaking into the environment, in particular in the event of damage to the storage or transportation of electrochemical energy storage devices, in particular to prevent the contents from leaking into the environment. do. Simple packaging such as paper boxes is not useful for this. For example, when receiving an electrochemical energy storage device, in particular during packaging and transportation, there is a need for a receiving device that provides safety, for example, whereby leakage of harmful components into the environment can be prevented, for example. In the prior art, for example, by providing a fire extinguisher, additional measures are taken to quickly and effectively extinguish a possible fire.

New requirements for electrochemical energy storage devices (high power possible at as small weight or small size as possible) that can be used as energy sources, especially in electrically driven vehicles, are particularly relevant in the case of typical damage or defects. Transport increases the risk because very violent decomposition reactions, such as in the event of a fire, can lead to explosions, in which case toxic gases harmful to the environment, such as chlorine or sulfur dioxide, may be produced and released into the environment. Can be.

Therefore, the transport of such electrochemical energy storage devices, especially those containing fluid organic electrolytes, is generally subject to strict regulations, which are incorporated into the directives which apply in most parts of Europe, in particular:

-ADR = European Agreement on the International Transport of Dangerous Goods Roads

-RID = European Agreement on International Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail

IMDG-Code = International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code

-ADN = European agreement for dangerous goods domestic transportation

_ ICAO-TI and IATA DGR = Air Transport Dangerous Goods Regulations

These guidelines specify the maximum allowable quantities of dangerous goods to be transported, the type of packaging permitted and safety measures such as preventing the departure of packaging materials and fillings or the provision of fire extinguishers.

However, these guidelines do not include standardized descriptions of the technically considered receiving devices, particularly those required for electrochemical energy storage devices.

For example, for the lithium ion batteries used, the provision (ADR) applies that these lithium ion batteries must be shipped in so-called 1H2 containers. In this case 1H2 represents the type, material and classification of the container.

-1 = type of container (eg pouch, box)

H = material of the container (e.g. wood, steel)

2 = classification (e.g. open or closed)

The above guidelines do not consider the case where a hazard to health and the environment is dangerous, such as a leak. Therefore, no desired action is required for this dangerous situation.

CA 2,280,620 A1 is known in battery packaging consisting of two parts and comprising a battery holder, the two parts being spaced apart from one another such that the leaking battery fluid is received in a small gap therebetween.

In WO 02/21614 A1 a container for the transport of small batteries is known, in which case the container has a predetermined breaking strength.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a particularly compact, simple and safe transport device for the transport and storage of hazardous substances, in particular electrochemical energy storage devices.

The problem is solved by the doctrine of the independent claims according to the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention are subject of the dependent claims.

In order to solve the above problem, as will be described in detail below, there is provided a transport device for a hazardous material, in particular at least one electrochemical energy storage device, wherein the transport device is at least one for accommodating the hazardous material at least partially. And at least one safety device for the preparation of dangerous situations caused by hazardous substances.

An advantage of the present invention is that at least one safety device is integrated in the transport device. By this combination of a containment device and a safety device that accepts hazardous substances, the safety function of the safety device can be prepared directly, for example in case of a probable or sudden possible dangerous situation.

Preferably the receiving device has a lower side, which lower side can in particular be provided for installing the container on an optional base plate, so that the receiving device is for example a protrusion, for example elastic, which is coupled to a flow path pallet or other pedestal, for example. And (pre) magnetic support members or the like for supporting against deformable metal pedestals or base members. The lower side preferably has substantially at least one flat section or is substantially flat so that when properly positioned the transport device the normals of the plane extend perpendicular to the direction of gravity. The direction of gravity corresponds to the negative z-direction in connection with the description of the present invention, which is also referred to as "downward" (positive z-direction: "upward"). The receiving device has an upper side opposite, ie above the lower side.

The receiving device preferably has or consists of a frame or stand. The frame is preferably formed to enclose or enclose the receiving volume. Preferably the receiving device, in particular the frame or stand, is shaped to ensure a fixation that provides safety against the mechanical load of the receiving device. Preferably the accommodating device withstands the load due to an overpressure or a low pressure of +/- 1 bar or higher or lower than the internal pressure of the accommodating device, in which case the pressure difference occurs in relation to the virtual or actual casing of the accommodating device. The casing limits the inside of the receiving device to the outside thereof. Preferably the receiving device preferably withstands external loads up to 130 N / cm 2 or higher, and the receiving device is substantially intact.

Since the frame or stand may comprise a fixing device, the receiving device and the transportation device can be fixed, that is, the movement of the devices relative to the surroundings, for example the base of the transport vehicle, can be restricted and preferably prevented. The fixing device may comprise a coupling means, and the fixing may be achieved by coupling the transport device to the peripheral complementary coupling means by the coupling means. Complementary fixing means, for example complementary coupling means, may be arranged in the receiving device or in the transportation device. In this case the plurality of transport devices and / or accommodation devices may be connected to one another, for example to form a combination of a plurality of transport devices or to form a transport device comprising, for example, a plurality of combined transport devices. , For example, can be combined. By combining multiple receiving devices of the transportation device, the movement of the receiving devices is limited, which can increase safety during storage or transportation.

The receiving device preferably comprises a base plate. The base plate can preferably be formed into a rectangular body that is stable, especially at a load of 2,000 kg or more,

For example at least one plate according to industry standards, for example a flow path plate, preferably a flow path plate in accordance with DIN EN 13698, the plate preferably being between 0.1 and 2 m 2, preferably between 0.5 and 1.5 m 2, Preferably it has a floor area of 0.7 to 1.0 m 2, preferably 0.96 m 2. Preferably the floor area may be larger or smaller. Preferably the flow path plate has a total length of 100 to 2,000 mm, preferably 800 to 1,500 mm, preferably 1,000 to 1,300 mm, preferably 1,200 mm. Preferably the flow path plate has a total width of 50 to 2,000 mm, preferably 300 to 1,500 mm, preferably 700 to 1,200 mm, preferably 800 mm. Preferably the flow path plate has a total height of 10 to 500 mm, preferably 50 to 350 mm, preferably 70 to 200 mm, preferably 144 mm. Preferably the length and / or width and / or height of the flow path plate may be larger or smaller. The use of euro plates according to DIN EN 13698, for example, provides the advantage that a number of equipment already provided for transport and storage can be optimally used, for example the loading area of trucks, railway vehicles or ship containers. This is because they are optimally designed to the standard specification of the flow path plate. The base plate may comprise a fixing device for securing the receiving device to the periphery or for securing the transport device to the base plate, so that the fixing is possible, that is, the movement of the receiving device or the transport device is limited, and preferably do.

The perimeter of the base plate may preferably correspond to the perimeter of the optional frame or the optional stand. The perimeter of the base plate may be larger or smaller than the perimeter of the frame or stand.

The receiving device may comprise a closing device, for example a closing plate, which may be formed as a cover device. The closure device can be a separate, in particular a part that can be connected to the receiving device or can be fixedly connected to the receiving device, that is to say inseparably connected without damage. The receiving device may also include a support device for supporting the closure device. Since the support device can comprise a hinge device or a rail device, the closure device can be embodied as a swing closure or slide closure. Since the closing plate may comprise a fixing device, the closing plate may be fixed to the receiving device. The fixing device may for example comprise a coupling means or may comprise a magnetic closure member or a locking member.

The perimeter of the closure plate may correspond to the perimeter of the optional frame or the optional stand. However, the perimeter of the closure plate may be larger or smaller than the perimeter of the frame or stand.

The receiving device may be formed as an open or closed container or may comprise a container which may include, for example, a base plate, frame or stand and a closing plate. The container preferably has at least one side wall, which side wall may for example be formed in a hollow cylinder, or preferably comprises at least four connected side walls, which side walls substantially surround a rectangular volume. The receiving volume of the container preferably contains, for example, 1 to 1,000 dm 3, 100 to 800 dm 3, 200 to 700 dm 3, 500 to 700 dm 3 or more or less fluid volume, This is suitable to prevent leakage by gravity at least in the direction of gravity (downward).

The receiving device (s) may be blocked or closed relative to the periphery. Preferably the receiving device comprises at least one opening or a plurality (eg> 2) or a plurality (eg> 8) of openings, in particular an opening which enables a working relationship inside the receiving device to the outside of the receiving device or the transportation device. It includes. In this way, for example for fire extinguishing, in particular the safety device may interact with the interior of the receiving device, for example with harmful substances. This at least one opening is preferably formed in the upper side or in the upper side or close to the upper side of the receiving device, preferably in the optional closing device.

The components of the transport device, for example the base plate or frame or stand or side walls of the receiving device, may be any material, metal, preferably treated, such as coated or untreated wood or Such plastics, metals, steels, aluminum, metal sheets, thick plates, fibers, fiber components or felt or composite materials.

Components such as, for example, base plates, sides, frames or stands and closure plates can preferably be joined to one another in a material bonding manner and / or in a non-fit fitting manner and / or in a shape fitting engagement manner, whereby Thus, unwanted material discharge from the transport device to the periphery and vice versa can be reduced in the material from the periphery into the transport device, and more preferably, in particular dangerous cases. The receiving device or the conveying device may be formed as a module, which module may be coupled to another module in a material bonding manner and / or preferably in a non-shaped fitting coupling manner and / or particularly preferably in a shape fitting coupling manner. In this way, a compact combination of the receiving device or a combination of the transport devices can be achieved in the transport device.

The receiving device (s) can be formed flexibly, in particular elastically, ie with an elastic modulus <0.5 kN / mm 2 (or 0.1 or 0.05), for example by using an elastomer such as silicone rubber Can be achieved. Alternatively or additionally the receiving device can be formed rigidly, in particular substantially inelastic, for example with an elastic modulus> 0.5 kN / mm 2 (or 0.1 or 0.05). In addition, the receiving device may comprise a flexible component in combination with a rigid component or may include a flexible component without a rigid component, which may be assigned to a safety device. Elastic properties provide the advantage that mechanical impacts acting on the receiving device, for example, from the outside can be absorbed, which can prevent damage. Stiffness properties prevent unwanted deformation and provide morphological stability, which may be desirable to provide a stable receiving device.

Preferably the receiving device comprises at least one damping device. The damping device may comprise one or more sections that can be deformed elastically or inelastically, by means of which the section substantially absorbs mechanical shock or vibration, for example in a mechanical shock, for example in a crash situation. The kinetic energy can be converted into strain energy and heat energy. This can protect the hazardous substances. The section may be an optional side wall of the receiving device, a closure device, a base plate, a frame or a component of a stand or casing. The number of sections can be one, two to five, six to ten, eleven to twenty, thirty to fifty or more. The sections may be arranged on one side or on multiple sides of the receiving device and may be particularly evenly distributed, for example at equal intervals. In addition, the sections may be separate parts disposed on or fixed to the receiving device or to components of the device. For example, the deformable section may be formed as a closed or partial casing of the receiving device to form an “external buffer region”.

Preferably the receiving device may comprise substantially one component, for example formed integrally as a laminated aluminum thin film or aluminum part and / or a plurality of parts, for example a base plate, frame or stand or It may include a closure plate.

The transport device may be formed such that the first receiving device completely or at least partially surrounds the at least one second receiving device. Since the first receiving device may completely or at least partially surround the at least one second receiving device, there is no working relationship between the at least one second receiving device and the periphery of the first receiving device and the entire transport device. Since the first receiving device can completely or partially surround the at least one second receiving device, a working relationship is possible between the at least one second receiving device and the periphery. The first receiving device may be in a working relationship with the at least one second receiving device. The first receiving device may not be in a working relationship with the at least one second receiving device. The first receiving device may comprise a portion in common with the at least one second receiving device. The first receiving device may contact the at least one second receiving device in a material bonding manner and / or in a non-fit fitting engagement manner and / or in a shape fitting engagement manner.

The possibility of this combination of at least one first and second receiving device can provide a transport device with special advantages with regard to functionality, flexibility, acceptance safety, filler material protection and handling.

Preferably the first transport device can be coupled to at least one second transport device preferably in a material joining manner and / or in a non-fit-fitting joining manner and / or in a shape-fitting joining manner.

In an embodiment the receiving device (s) are outer packaging (s) that at least partially limit the transportation device to the external environment, and in particular are reusable or non-reusable, and are not properly reused or reused in use.

In an embodiment the receiving device (s) is capable of repeatedly accommodating and preferably reusing the hazardous material, for example to recover it again in a hazardous situation (for example in case of an accident, damage during storage, etc.), Recovery packaging device (s) that are properly reused in use.

The safety device may be a component of the transportation device by itself or in combination with other safety devices. Preferably the at least one receiving device or parts of the receiving device can be coupled to the at least one safety device in a material bonding manner and / or in a non-fit fitting engagement manner and / or in a shape fitting engagement manner.

The safety device (s) may be disposed inside the receiving device (s). The safety device (s) may be disposed externally on / on the receiving device (s). The safety device (s) can be arranged between the first and at least one second receiving device. The portion (s) of the safety device (s) may be disposed externally at / on the receiving device and / or may be disposed inside the receiving device (s).

The safety device (s) may be in working relationship with the receiving device (s) and / or surroundings. The safety device (s) may not be in working relationship with the receiving device (s) and the surroundings.

In an embodiment at least two safety devices may be provided. At least two safety devices may be arranged inside the receiving device (s). At least two safety devices may be disposed externally to / on the receiving device (s). At least two safety devices may be arranged between the receiving devices. The at least two safety devices may comprise part (s) external to / on the receiving device (s) and / or parts inside the receiving device.

At least two safety devices may be in working relationship with the receiving device (s). At least two safety devices may not be in working relationship with the receiving device (s). At least two safety devices may be in a working relationship with the surroundings. At least two safety devices may be in a working relationship to the surroundings.

At least two safety devices may be in a working relationship with each other. At least two safety devices may not be in interaction with each other. At least two safety devices may be in working relationship with each other and / or with the receiving device (s) and / or surroundings. At least two safety devices may not be in a functional relationship with each other and / or with the receiving device (s) and / or surroundings. At least two safety devices may be in working relationship with the at least one receiving device and the perimeter. At least two safety devices may not be in a working relationship with the at least one receiving device and the surroundings.

Safety devices can be used for the same purpose, for example for fire protection. Safety devices can be used for a variety of purposes, for example the first safety device can be used for fire protection, and the second safety device can be used to collect the leaked fluid.

Preferably at least one safety device for fire protection and / or fire suppression is a component of the transport device. Preferably at least one safety device for preventing the release of substances from the transport device to the surroundings is a component of the transport device. Preferably at least one safety device for preventing the entry of substances into the transport device from the periphery of the transport device is part of the transport device.

Preferably at least three safety devices are provided, in which at least one first safety device is used for fire protection and / or fire suppression and the at least one second safety device is in solid, liquid or gaseous form (chemical) It is used to absorb and / or remove material from the inside of the receiving device, and at least one third safety device is used to absorb and / or remove (chemical) material in solid, liquid or gaseous form from the outside of the receiving device.

The safety device (s) can preferably be inserted before, during and after assembly of the transport device.

Preferably a safety device, in particular a container comprising a extinguishing agent, is arranged in the first receiving device, in which case the safety device in particular releases the extinguishing agent at the lowest temperature and / or at the lowest pressure. Capsules that disintegrate rapidly at the lowest temperature and / or the lowest pressure preferably result in the release of the extinguishing agent. Preferably the release of the extinguishing agent is by spraying.

Preferably the safety device is formed as a container, preferably as a pad. A pad is a container containing a filling material. The pad preferably comprises an internal chamber for receiving a substance, such as a fire extinguishing agent, which extinguishing agent is preferably in dry gel form or liquid or preferably comprises an aerosol extinguishing agent. The space for accommodating the material is preferably defined by the casing of the pad, which casing is preferably flexible. Preferably the casing is formed in a thin film form. The casing may be formed in multiple parts or in one part. Preferably a set burst point is provided at a defined position or defined positions on the casing, the burst point is opened when the pressure or temperature rises, for example, when it exceeds or falls below the specified value for the parameter and surrounds the contents. To be discharged. This set breaking point can be formed, for example, as a seam, in particular as a welded seam.

Preferably, a capsule is provided in the casing or within the casing, for example, which quickly decomposes when the pressure or temperature rises above or below the value defined for the parameter, the capsule being pressured in the casing, for example by gas release. It causes a rise, whereby one or more set break points are opened, thereby releasing the extinguishing agent and preferably spraying it. However, it may be contemplated that after activation, for example, a fire extinguishing agent which is operated after a temperature rise above a prescribed value and which rapidly expands, eg turns into an aerosol, is provided inside the casing.

In an embodiment preferably at least one safety device is formed as a fire extinguishing device. Preferably the extinguishing device comprises at least one extinguishing agent or a mixture of extinguishing agents. Extinguishing agents are inert gases, in particular CO ₂ , Ar or N ₂ Or gas mixtures or may comprise them. The extinguishing agent may consist of or comprise a reaction inhibitor and / or a polyurethane foam. The extinguishing agent may consist of cooling water or may include cooling water, which may include at least one extinguishing additive. In addition, the extinguishing agent may consist of an aerosol or may include an aerosol. Such aerosols may be dry aerosols. The extinguishing agent can be an extinguishing powder, in particular ABC-powder, BC-powder or D-powder.

A sticky and thermal barrier galley of uniformly condensed water is used that does not include air pockets and at least one extinguishing additive made of a polymer composition that absorbs water several times its weight.

Preferably at least one extinguishing additive has good adhesion even on smooth vertical surfaces. Preferably a layer thickness of up to 10 mm is formed. However, the layer thickness may be larger or smaller. Preferably at least one extinguishing additive reduces the evaporation rate of water even at high temperatures due to its physicochemical properties. In addition, this also reduces the consumption of digestive water. Preferably at least one extinguishing additive can be at least partially biologically degraded. Particularly preferred extinguishing additives have a product viscosity of 200 to 500 mPas at 20 ° C. The product viscosity may be larger or smaller. Particularly preferred extinguishing additives have a density of 1.05 g / cm 3. The density may be larger or smaller.

Particularly preferred extinguishing agents (additives) have a pH-value of 6.9 to 7.1 at 20 ° C. The pH-value may be larger or smaller. Preferred infusion rates of extinguishing agents (additives) are 1.0% to 1.5% for fire suppression, 2.0% to 3.0% for blocking and 1.0% to 2.0% for fire extinguishing equipment. Injection rates may be larger or smaller. Such extinguishing additives are sold, for example, by Evonik under the trade name "Firesorb" (2010; license number PL 1-98).

Preferably the at least one safety device preferably comprises a decompression device which can be closed again, said decompression device in particular comprising a valve, for example a hoerbiger valve and / or a flap, for example a plurality of thin films. Multiple flaps, which may allow adjacent membranes to contact in a closed state. The flap may in particular be a spring operated flap. The safety device may also comprise a set breaking point in the part of the receiving device, for example in a closing device.

The transportation device preferably includes at least one tray member. The tray member may be a tubular member, in particular a collection tray. Preferably the at least one safety device is formed as a collection tray for the fluid discharged from the receiving device and is preferably a suitable material or a combination of suitable materials, in particular steel, sheet metal, aluminum, copper, metal, plastic, for example PVC or PE, or one or more thin films of one or more of the above materials. Preferably the receiving device is disposed in and / or on the collection tray, preferably in the collection tray. Preferably the side dimension of the collection tray is formed so as not to exceed the side dimension of the standard flow path plate or so that the side dimension of the collection tray is substantially the same as the side dimension of the standard flow path plate. The collecting tray can be coupled to the at least one receiving device in a material bonding manner and / or in a non-fit fitting engagement manner and / or in a shape fitting engagement manner, in particular in a fixed engagement, i.e. without breaking Can be combined so that it cannot be. However, the collection tray may not be coupled to at least one receiving device.

Preferably the bottom or side of the tray member comprises at least one spacing device, such as one or more bases or ribs, so that the bottom of the tray can be spaced apart from the bottom side of the bottom of the receiving device disposed thereon. The bottom side of the bottom of the receiving device may also include the spacing device. Preferably the spacing device is made of a suitable material, such as wood or metal. Preferably the spacing device is coupled to the bottom of the collection tray and the bottom of the receiving device in a materially and / or non-shaped fit engagement manner. The spacing device may comprise a coupling means, by means of which the transport device is coupled to the complementary coupling means of the tray.

Preferably at least one safety device is capable of chemically and / or physically adsorbing and / or chemically and / or physically absorbing (chemical) substances in solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous form.

Preferably the hazardous material is surrounded by at least one safety device which is capable of chemically and / or physically adsorbing and / or chemically and / or physically absorbing chemicals in solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous form. Can be.

In an embodiment the safety device is formed as a foam that quickly cures. The foam can have, for example, flame retardant properties and / or moisture absorption properties and / or impact damping properties.

Preferably the at least one safety device is formed as a flame retardant and / or gas and / or liquid sealing casing of a hazardous substance for fire protection, and is preferably a composite thin film and / or ceramic spray material (the material is for example Evonik Industries AG And / or heat-adhesive gel and / or anti-ignition polyurethane foam and / or Phase-Change-Material (PCM), preferably sprayed with hazardous substances in containers.

Preferably the flame retardant and / or gas-sealing and / or fluid-sealing casing of the hazardous substance may consist of a polymeric composition that absorbs water several times its weight and a tacky and heat shield gal, wherein the gel does not comprise air pockets, Consist of uniformly condensed water. Preferably the flame retardant and / or gas- and / or liquid sealed casings of the hazardous substances have good adhesion even on smooth vertical surfaces. Preferably a layer thickness of up to 10 mm is formed. However, the layer thickness may be larger or smaller. Preferably the flame retardant and / or gas- and / or liquid sealed casing of the hazardous substance reduces the evaporation rate of water even at high temperatures due to its physicochemical properties. In addition, this also reduces the consumption of digestive water. Preferably the flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or fluid sealed casing of the hazardous substance can be at least partially biologically decomposed. Particularly preferably the flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or fluid sealed casing of the hazardous substance has a product viscosity of 200 to 500 mPas at 20 ° C. The product viscosity may be larger or smaller. In addition, particularly preferred flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or liquid sealed casings of hazardous substances have a density of 1.05 g / cm 3. The density may be larger or smaller. Particularly preferred flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or liquid sealed casings of the hazardous substances have a pH-value of 6.9 to 7.1 at 20 ° C. The pH-value may be larger or smaller.

The preferred injection rates of the flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or liquid sealed casings of the hazardous substances are from 2.0% to 3.0% in the case of blocking. Injection rates may be larger or smaller. Flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or liquid sealed casings of hazardous substances are for example sold by the company Evonik under the trade name "Firesorb" (2010; license number PL 1-98).

Particularly preferably at least one safety device is formed as a flame retardant and / or gas sealed and / or liquid sealed casing of the hazardous substance and functions to block heat. Preferably the casing is formed such that the temperature of the hazardous substances, preferably 100 ° C., 150 ° C. and 200 ° C., respectively, in the receiving device is not exceeded.

Preferably at least one safety device comprises a gas suction device, which may for example comprise a cooling fan. Preferably the gas suction device comprises a filter device, for example an activated carbon filter device, which can, for example, suck and preferably filter gases (mixtures) generated inside the receiving device, thus providing a periphery of the receiving device. As a result, gas emissions can be reduced, varied or prevented. The filter device may be a catalytic and / or mechanically acting filter device. The safety device may also include a filter device independent of the gas suction device.

Preferably at least one safety device comprises a sensor device, said sensor device being in particular inside and / or outside of the transport device and / or outside and / or of a hazardous substance. Atmospheric pressure and / or physical pressure and / or temperature and / or humidity and / or air composition are measured. The sensor device may comprise at least one temperature sensor. The safety device, in particular the sensor device, may comprise a control device, which may for example comprise a computer device such as an integrated switching circuit or a microcontroller.

Preferably the sensor device may be in a working relationship to the vehicle and / or the hazardous substance, preferably connect to the battery management system (BMS) of the electrochemical energy storage device, preferably above or below the values defined for the parameter. Activate at least one other safety device, for example a fire extinguishing device.

In an embodiment the sensor device may be in working relationship with at least one safety device formed for example for fire protection or fire suppression.

In this case, an action relationship means that the sensor device measures a certain parameter, for example the temperature or state of charge of the battery and releases the extinguishing agent from the safety device, for example for extinguishing the fire, when it exceeds or falls below a predefined value. do. Since the sensor device is known to the vehicle driver, for example, via a warning light in the cab or via an acoustic signal that certain parameters have been exceeded or understated, the driver can take appropriate measures, for example, by operating a safety device formed as a fire extinguishing device. Can be.

Preferably the sensors are connected to a control member included in the sensor device, which control member compares the values measured by the sensor device with respect to parameters such as pressure or temperature and the predefined values of the parameters, If the value is above or below the safety device is activated, for example fire extinguishing device. Preferably the values measured by the sensor device for parameters such as pressure or temperature are known to the driver, so that the driver can activate the safety device upon exceeding or falling below predefined values.

Preferably the transport device comprises a control device. The control device may include a switching circuit, a microcontroller, a data supply member and a voltage supply member. In addition, the control device may optionally be connected to a sensor which is a component of a transport device, in particular a receiving device or a safety device. This enables active control and monitoring of the transport device.

Preferably the transport device comprises a cooling or temperature device, which device can in particular be monitored by a control device. This may prevent the formation of critical temperatures inside the transport or containment device.

Preferably the transport device comprises means for monitoring the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage element, for example a cell, a battery, a secondary cell. The means are formed in particular for monitoring the charging and / or discharging of the energy storage device. This may, for example, in an energy storage device arranged in a transport device monitor the condition of the energy storage device, for example during transport or storage, and the charge and / or discharge during transport or storage.

Preferably the transport device or the receiving device comprises an electrical connection for connecting to the electrochemical energy storage unit.

A particularly safe and compact transport device is thus obtained for transporting particularly hazardous substances, for example electrochemical energy storage units.

In an embodiment, the plate, preferably the flow path plate, is a component of the transport device as a base plate. Preferably in the embodiment the pallet frame, for example made of wood, sheet metal, steel or plastic, is a component of the transport device as a limit to the periphery. Preferably in the embodiment a containment device consisting of a laminated aluminum thin film and a PU-foam padding is used, which encloses a hazardous substance. Preferably in the embodiment the safety device, in particular the container comprising the extinguishing agent, is arranged in the first transport device, in which case the safety device releases the extinguishing agent at the lowest temperature and / or the lowest pressure, preferably the lowest temperature and / or the lowest pressure. Capsules that disintegrate rapidly in the body cause release of the extinguishing agent.

The method according to the invention for mounting the receiving device according to the invention each comprises the following optional steps:

In the first step all components of the receiving device are provided. In the next step the provided components of the receiving device are combined. In the next step all components of the safety device are provided. In the next step all components of the safety device are combined. As an alternative, a safety device (eg fire extinguisher) or a receiving device (eg case) already combined can be used. In a next step the safety device can be arranged in or in the receiving device and vice versa, thereby obtaining a transport device according to the invention. In order to obtain a transport device according to the invention, a plurality of accommodation devices may be arranged which alternatively comprise at least one safety device.

Preferably, the transport device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the transport of a package comprising a new, new kind of newly developed or ready for sale dangerous substance (s), in particular a new, new kind of newly developed Or for transportation of an electrochemical energy storage unit ready for sale.

Preferably the transport device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the transport of a package comprising damaged, defective or unsealed dangerous material (s), in particular for the transport of a damaged, defective or unsealed electrochemical energy storage unit. Can be used.

The features of the methods and apparatuses according to the invention can be combined to form the object according to the invention.

The following terms are defined for the purpose of describing the present invention:

A "recoverable packaging container" is a packaging device used to transport damaged, defective or unsealed hazardous substances spilled or leaked for recovery or disposal purposes.

"Hazardous substances" are also called dangerous goods. This term refers to common property, human health and life during transportation due to chemical and / or physical properties and / or chemical and / or physical states and / or properties, such as, for example, electrochemical energy storage devices (eg lithium ion batteries). By raw materials, objects, products, devices, parts, solutions, compounds, compositions or mixtures that include animals, the environment, nature and other objects and substances which may threaten the safety or order of the general public, the public. The harmful substance may already be surrounded by the first casing, for example.

"Transportation" means the delivery of all kinds of cargo by water, land or air. In the context of the present invention "transportation" includes in particular the transport, storage, retrieval, packaging, dispatch and the like of hazardous substances.

"Chemical" includes materials, solutions, mixtures, compounds and / or compositions in solid, liquid or gaseous form.

An "outer package" is an outer casing of a composite package or assembled package, containing all the devices necessary and / or suitable for surrounding and / or protecting the inner container or the inner package.

When the state of the second part is changed by the state change of the first part or vice versa, the first part is in an "action relationship" with the second part. For example, if a sensor measures a temperature rise and thereby activates the fire extinguishing device, the sensor and the fire extinguishing device are in interaction with each other. However, for example, if the sensor measures the temperature rise, only informs the driver of the temperature rise, and the driver activates the fire extinguishing device, the fire extinguishing device and the sensor are not in operation.

An "electrochemical energy storage device" is a device that also includes at least one galvanic cell. The device also includes other devices used to operate at least one galvanic cell. At least one galvanic cell and complementary devices may be disposed in a common housing. In addition, since the predetermined number of galvanic cells, the electrochemical energy storage device may be composed of a plurality of units. The term galvanic cell includes all kinds of electrical energy storage devices, in particular electrochemical energy storage devices, ie especially primary and secondary cells, as well as electrical energy storage devices such as, for example, capacitors.

A "plate" is a substantially longitudinal body and preferably in the vertical direction (height) the preferred extension of the plate is smaller than a two-dimensional, preferably horizontal extension (length and / or width). Preferably the plate is stationary and does not deform even when loaded in the direction of gravity, for example. For example, a flow path plate is defined as the plate.

"Circumference" is defined by all of the lines forming a common plane. The perimeter is preferably substantially the perimeter of the rectangular body, by which the perimeter preferably defines a two-dimensional, preferably horizontal extension, ie length and width.

"Sorption" is the process by which material accumulates in the boundary (eg surface) between two phases.

"Absorption" is the process of infiltrating material into absorbing phases.

Other advantages, features and applicability of the invention are set forth in the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a transportation device according to the invention constructed and ready for use in accordance with the invention comprising a fire extinguishing device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a method according to the invention for assembling the conveying device and the construction of another embodiment of the conveying device according to the invention.
3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a transportation device according to the invention comprising a collection tray and a gas suction device.
4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment according to the invention of a transportation device according to the invention comprising four small accommodating devices and an embedded sensor device.

1 shows a transportation device 100 according to the invention consisting of a receiving device consisting of a base plate 110, a frame 120 and a cover 130. The cover 130 is preferably provided with a safety device and other safety device 134, for example a capsule that is disassembled, formed as a pad comprising a fire extinguishing agent 132 and a set burst point (not shown), the capsule being For example, when the temperature or pressure rises, the extinguishing agent 132 is released into the transportation device 100. This can be caused, for example, by an increase in pressure in the pad, whereby one or more set burst points are opened, and the extinguishing agent 132 is preferably released by spraying into the transport device 100.

Since the frame 120, cover 130 and base plate 110 of the receiving device are coupled to each other, preferably no gas or liquid exchange can take place from the transport device 100 to the periphery and vice versa.

2 shows a method of assembling a transport device according to the invention corresponding to a transport device 100.

The first step involves the provision of a receiving device comprising a base plate 110 formed of a frame 120, a cover 130, and a flow path plate. In the second step, the frame 120 is disposed on the base plate 110 and coupled to the base plate.

A separate third step involves the insertion of hazardous substances 150 into the container 140, which may comprise a casing 144, formed as a safety device surrounding the hazardous substances 150 in the casing. Filling material 142 may be provided. The casing 144 may preferably be formed, for example, of a laminated aluminum thin film, so that neither gas nor liquid may reach from the casing 144 to the periphery and vice versa. Fill material 142 may be formed, for example, of a rapidly curing foam, such as a PU-foam.

The hazardous substance 150 may be inserted before or after filling the container 140 with the filling material 142. Preferably, the noxious substance 150 is inserted into the container 140 such that the filling material 142 uniformly surrounds the noxious substance 150 in all spatial directions.

In a fourth step, a container 140 comprising a hazardous substance 150, a casing 144 and a filling material 142 is inserted into a receiving device comprising a base plate 110 and a frame 120.

Preferably, the volume of the container 140 is selected corresponding to the internal volume of the receiving device formed of the frame 120 and the base plate 110. The upward limit corresponds to the height of the frame 120. The side dimension of the container 140 is selected not to exceed the side dimension of the flow path plate. The gap occurring between the frame 120, the base plate 110 and the container 140 may be filled with a filling material, for example PU-foam, styropol or paper, so that the container ( The movement of 140 is limited and is not preferably moved.

In the fifth step, the closing device in which the receiving device filled with the container 140 is disposed, that is, the cover 130 is preferably fixedly coupled to the receiving device, precisely to the frame 120 of the receiving device, and thus the surrounding and completed transport device 100. There is no liquid or gas exchange between them. Preferably the cover 130 ends coplanar with the container 140. The gap that occurs between the cover 130 and the container 140 may be filled with a filling material such as, for example, PU-foam, styropol or paper, so that the cover 130 and the container 140 may end in the same plane.

The cover 130 includes a safety device including a fire extinguishing agent 132 and another safety device 134, for example a capsule that can be disassembled, which capsule carries the fire extinguishing agent 132 upon rise in temperature or pressure. 100) preferably by spraying.

The cover 130 is assembled in a separate step. For example, a cover 130 having a hollow chamber may be provided. The hollow chamber is filled with, for example, a fire extinguishing agent 132, and is inserted into a container which is pressurized and may comprise a set burst point. At the set bursting point of the container filled with the extinguishing agent 132, an activating device 134, for example a capsule that breaks down, is provided, the capsule bursting at the set bursting point, for example upon rise in temperature or pressure. For example, if a container filled with extinguishing agent 132 is pressurized, the extinguishing agent may be released by spraying, which is preferred according to the present invention.

Thus, a safe, simple and compact transport apparatus 100 for transporting and storing the hazardous substances 150 is obtained.

3 shows a cross-sectional view of a conveying device 102 according to the invention, which comprises a collecting tray 170 for liquid discharged from the container 140. The collection tray 170 is disposed on the base plate 160. The length and width dimensions of the collection tray 170 are greater than the length and width dimensions of the base plate 160. The spacing device 172 spaces the base of the collection tray 170 from the bottom side of the base of the container 140, which is used as a receiving device for the noxious substance 150.

The container 140 preferably consists of a fixed casing 144. Casing 144 surrounds the volume. The harmful substance 150 may be inserted into the volume. Preferably the volume defined by the volume of the noxious substance 150 and the inner wall of the casing 144 is selected such that an empty space is left upon insertion of the noxious substance 150 into the casing 144, the empty space being a filling material ( 142). Preferably, since the filling material 142 surrounds the hazardous material 150, the movement of the hazardous material 150 in the container 140 is limited, and preferably no movement occurs. Preferably, the noxious substance 150 is provided in the casing 144 such that the filling material 142 uniformly surrounds the noxious substance 150 in the spatial direction.

The gas leaking out of the noxious substance 150 may be suction filtered and / or preferably harmless to the gas suction device 180, which preferably comprises an activated carbon filter device.

4 shows a cross section of a transportation device 104, which comprises an outer casing 190, one or more containers 140, a fire extinguishing agent 132, a fire extinguishing agent used as a receiving device for the hazardous substances 150. Control device 138 for activation or activation of 132 and a plurality of sensors 135, 136 in connection with control device 138.

Container 140 preferably consists of a casing 144 that enables stacking of multiple containers 140. Casing 144 surrounds a volume in which noxious material 150 and filling material 142 may be provided. Since the filling material 142 preferably surrounds the hazardous material 150, movement of the hazardous material 150 in the container 140 is limited, and preferably not moved. Preferably, the noxious substance 150 is provided in the casing 144 such that the filler material 142 substantially uniformly surrounds the noxious substance 150 in all spatial directions.

The sensor 135 is disposed on the hazardous substance 150 in the container 140. The sensor 135 may extend into the hazardous material. If the hazardous material 135 is, for example, an electrochemical energy storage device, the sensor 135 may be connected with a BMS (battery management system) of the electrochemical energy storage device 150.

The sensor 135 can measure parameters such as pressure, temperature, air composition, for example, and can pass data to the control device 138. Other sensors 136 that measure parameters such as pressure, temperature, air composition, for example, inside and outside the outer casing 190 of the transport device 104, and transmit data to the control device 138. This can be arranged.

The control device 138 may compare the values of the parameter obtained from the sensors 135, 136 with a predetermined value of the parameter, for example, and the extinguishing agent 132 may be activated when the value exceeds or falls below the predetermined limit value. Or into the transportation device 104. Preferably the control device 138 informs the driver of the obtained parameter values, which may release the extinguishing agent 132 from the fire extinguishing device.

100, 102, 104 Transport
110, 160 base plate, bottom plate
120 frames
130 closures, covers
132 Extinguishing Media
134 activator
135, 136 sensor
138 control unit
140 container
142 Filling Material
144 casing
150 hazardous substances
170 collection tray
172 Spacer (s)
180 gas suction device
190 outer casing

Claims (13)

A transport device (100; 102; 104) for hazardous materials, in particular at least one electrochemical energy storage device, comprising at least one receiving device (110, 120, 130, 140) for at least partially receiving a hazardous material (150). , 160) and at least one safety device (132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 142, 170, 180) for the preparation of dangerous situations caused by the hazardous substances (150) received. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one safety device is at least one for chemically adsorbing and / or physically adsorbing and / or chemically absorbing and / or physically absorbing liquid and / or gas and / or solid materials. A transport device comprising means. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the at least one safety device comprises at least one device 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 142 for fire protection and / or fire suppression. Transportation device. 4. The transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one safety device preferably comprises a gas suction device with a filter device. 5. The transport apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one safety device comprises at least one collection tray. 6. The at least one safety device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one safety device comprises sensors 135, 136 for measuring a parameter such as, for example, temperature or pressure, the safety device according to the measured parameter. A transport device, configured to automatically start a safety process. 7. A transport device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one safety device comprises a fire extinguishing agent (132, 142). 8. A transport apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said at least one safety device comprises a pad and a fire extinguishing agent (132) is provided in the inner chamber of said pad. The device of claim 1, wherein the receiving device comprises at least one base plate 110, 160 substantially formed as a flow path plate and at least one container for containing the harmful substance 150. 140), wherein the container is substantially equal to or smaller than the length and width dimensions of the flow path plate. 10. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving device comprises at least one container 140 for containing the hazardous substance 150, in which case the container is at least partially filled with a filling material ( Transportation device characterized in that it is filled with 142). 11. The transport apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one safety device is in working relationship with a battery management system of a secondary battery received by the receiving device. 12. A method of manufacturing the transport apparatus (100, 102, 104) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps, at least in any order:
Receiving at least partially a hazardous material 150 and providing at least one receiving device 110, 120, 130, 140, 160, which may include a casing 144, 190, and
Manufacturing at least one safety device 132, 134, 136, 138, 142, 170, 180 to prepare for a hazardous situation by the hazardous substance 150 contained in or in the receiving device. Way. A transport device according to any one of claims 1 to 11 for transporting or storing lithium-based electrochemical energy storage devices or components of the energy storage devices, in particular for recovering defective electrochemical energy storage devices. Use of

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