JP7194021B2 - デシタビン、5アザシチジンおよびテトラヒドロウリジンを含有する組成物およびその使用 - Google Patents
デシタビン、5アザシチジンおよびテトラヒドロウリジンを含有する組成物およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2015年12月3日出願の米国仮出願第62/262,839号および2016年12月2日出願の同第62/429,292号に優先権を主張する。
本開示の医薬組成物は、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許出願第13/141,669号(米国特許第9,259,469号として発行される)および同第13/414,546号(米国特許第9,265,785号として発行される)に記載のように調製されてよい。一実施形態において、本発明の医薬組成物および非毒性剤形は、相対量で約0.1~約0.5mg/kgのCDECまたは1~約5mg/kgの5AZAおよび約10~約50mg/kgのTHUならびに薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含み、かつ所与の医薬組成物または剤形が腫瘍細胞中で分化経路の抑制を放出するように、または腫瘍細胞中で分化関連遺伝子の異常な抑制を低下するように調製される。本発明の医薬組成物の治療有効量および非毒性剤形は、以下の1または複数を示し得る、またはもたらし得る:(i)閾値以下である、患者の血漿中のDECまたは5AZAのピークレベル。その閾値を超えると正常な分裂細胞中のDNAにアポトーシス(細胞毒性)を引き起こすのに十分な損傷がある。(ii)癌細胞中のDNMT1を枯渇させるのに十分な曝露時間。それは数分~数時間に及ぶ(Tmaxの5~20倍の延長)(単独のDECまたは5AZAは数分の血漿曝露時間を有する)がそれでも、正常な分裂細胞中のDNAに対しアポトーシス(細胞毒性)を引き起こすのに十分な損傷を誘導するレベルまでDECまたは5AZAの細胞内レベルを蓄積させる閾値より低い。手短に言えば、DNMT1の非細胞毒性枯渇のために最適化された曝露時間。(iii)DECまたは5AZAの経口バイオアベイラビリティの5~20倍の増加。(iv)さもなければ癌細胞がDECまたは5AZA治療効果から避難し得る、CDAが豊富な組織中へのDECまたは5AZAの配分。これは経口バイオアベイラビリティの根底にある同じ原則であり、すなわち、腸管および肝臓を介して今度は分布するDECまたは5AZAの能力である。(v)癌細胞による分化による細胞周期離脱(p53/p16-非依存性細胞周期離脱)に必要な遺伝子およびタンパク質の発現を誘導する、および(v)正常な分裂細胞を残す、作用の非細胞毒性メカニズム。このようにして毒性を回避することは、頻繁な断続的治療を促進して、DNMT1を枯渇させる効果に曝される癌の割合を増加させる。
治療選択を導くための「予測またはコンパニオン」バイオマーカーを開発することは、それを必要とするあらゆる対象についての投与量およびスケジュールなどの有意義な個別治療レジメンを選択する際の強力で効果的なツールである。したがって、酵素プロファイルの形での予測バイオマーカーを治療レジメン中に測定して、治療医師が対象に対する適切な治療レジメンを決定するのを支援する。DNA合成および遺伝物質の再生は細胞増殖にとって不可欠であり、およびピリミジンサルベージ酵素DCKの高度な発現は増殖の汎癌ホールマークである。したがって、放射標識ヌクレオシド類似体を、DNA合成のサルベージ経路を介する腫瘍増殖を画像化するために用いることができる。1-(2’-デオキシ-2’-[18F]-フルオロ-β-D-アラビノフラノシル)シトシン(TFAC)は、DECのようなデオキシシチジン類似体であり、そのような放射性トレーサーの1つである。活性なDECはそのDNMT1を枯渇させる効果を生むためにDCKによって活性化される必要があるので、癌DCK発現は癌組織学および遺伝学の全範囲でDECに対する感受性を確実に予測する。したがって、TFAC-ポジトロン放出断層撮影法(PET)を用いて、DCK依存性癌細胞増殖を測定できる。
一実施形態において、本開示の治療組成物を含む丸剤は、治療を必要とする癌患者に投与されてよい。癌は固形癌もしくは液体癌であってよく、または対象中のあらゆる既知の組織の侵襲性が強く難治性の癌であり得る。本開示の治療組成物は、血液系腫瘍または血液疾患、例えば、これに限定されないが、鎌状赤血球貧血、異常ヘモグロビン症、地中海貧血または米国特許出願第13/414,546号(現在、米国特許第9,265,785号として発行されており、その全体を本明細書に組み込む)に詳述されるあらゆる関連する状態の治療においても効果的であり得る。「治療または治療すること」は、癌組織中のあらゆる知られている物理的および/または生化学的および/または分子的な変化を指す。例えば、治療は、腫瘍のサイズもしくは正常細胞および悪性細胞中のDNMT1のレベルなどの既知の癌バイオマーカータンパク質の改善を指してよく、または特定の分化遺伝子または上記のすべての抑制解除でのような、分子であり得る。治療方法は、治療の前、間または後に予測バイオマーカーを測定することを含む。予測バイオマーカーは、治療する医師に患者へ処方するための適切な投与量およびスケジュールを知らせることができる。例えば、患者は以下の通りに本開示の薬物を投与され得る:経口THU10mg/kg、続いてTHU後60分に経口DEC0.2mg/kg、週に2回連日。治療は、THU-DECもしくはTHU-5AZAを含む丸剤、またはDECと5-5AZAの両方を含有する丸剤を投与することを含んでよく、THUまたはTHU誘導体はDECおよび/または5AZAの約1分~約180分前に、または15分~約180分前に生物学的に利用可能である。
以下の実施例は例示目的にのみ提供され、本発明の範囲を限定することを意図するものではない。
現在の選択肢から機構的に異なる治療法の必要性
歴史的に、RCCで評価された大部分の薬物は、p53/p16アポトーシス系(細胞毒性)を使用して増殖を終了させることを試みた。数十年の間、そのような治療法は毒性であり効果のないことが判明した。なぜならば、ほとんどの癌細胞のように、RCC細胞は、CDKN2Aなどの重要なp53/p16系遺伝子における遺伝子異常によって、正常な細胞と比較してアポトーシス抵抗性であるからである。RCC治療のためFDAによって認可された最初の薬物は、細胞増殖および細胞分裂の主要なコーディネーターであるMYCタンパク質を安定化するシグナル伝達経路(例えばAKT/mTOR)を阻害した。このように、これらの薬物は、直接的にはMYCタンパク質に対する影響によって、また間接的にはRCC増殖を支持するために必要とされる血管新生を阻害することによってRCC増殖を妨げる。そのような療法は明らかな前進であるとはいえ、持続的応答はまれであり(生存期間中央値18~30ヵ月)、p53/p16の変化は依然として応答に影響を与え、多変量解析に対して強い(図1)。さらに、第2選択または第3選択での応答は、第1選択における応答よりもかなり持続性が少なく、認可された薬物に対する抵抗性のメカニズムがある程度重複していることを示唆している。したがってRCC細胞増殖および細胞分裂を終了させるためにp53/p16以外の経路を明確に使用する機構的に異なる治療方法を評価することが示唆され、および適している。
RCCゲノム遺伝子研究からの予想外の発見は、活性化補助因子サブユニット、特にPBRM1だけでなくその他(SETD2、SMARCC1、SMARCA2、ARID1A)の遺伝子の変化を本質的に普遍的に不活性化することである(図2)。これらの知見は、最近のものであり、正常な腎細胞中のこれらの共調節因子の経路の機能、またはそれにより機能喪失がクローンの利点をもたらす経路は不明であった。おそらく関係のある知見は、RCCにおける重要な上皮末端分化遺伝子(例えばGATA3、WT1)のエピジェネティック抑制であるとが推測された(図3、4)。後期分化遺伝子のこのエピジェネティック抑制は特に興味深かった。なぜならばRCC細胞は、比較的保存されたmRNAおよび高タンパク質のレベルで上皮分化(例えばPAX8、PAX2)を行わせる未変異のマスター転写因子を発現するからである(図4)。別の関連する知見は、複数のRCC研究におけるクロマチン抑制マークの増加と予後不良との相関であった。最後のファンディングサイクルにおいて、我々はこれらの知見を実験的に関連させ、PBRM1/BAFが、RCC17-22で高度に発現される間葉上皮移行11-16の主要なドライバーであるPAX8による転写活性を媒介することを発見した。PBRM1喪失は、PBRM1/BAF(例えば、DNMT1)へのコリプレッサー対応物のPAX8への不均衡な補充を引き起こし、増殖を終了する上皮分化標的遺伝子を活性化する代わりに抑制する(図5)。重要なことに、これらの特定のコレプレッサー(例えば、DNMT1)を阻害することは複数のPAX8標的遺伝子の発現を回復させ、上皮分化および生理的な、p53/p16非依存性細胞周期離脱を再生した(図6)。
メカニズムベースの予測バイオマーカーの必要性
DNA合成および遺伝物質の再生は細胞増殖にとって不可欠であり、ピリミジンサルベージ酵素DCKの高度な発現は汎癌の増殖のホールマークである。したがって、放射性同位元素標識ヌクレオシド類似体が、DNA合成のサルベージ経路を介する腫瘍増殖を画像化するために開発された。1-(2’-デオキシ-2’-[18F]-フルオロ-β-D-アラビノフラノシル)シトシン(FAC)は、デオキシシチジン類似体Decの様に、そのような放射性トレーサーの1つである。しかし、Decと同様に、FACは、CDAによる急速な脱アミノ化のために、肝臓および腎臓などの固形組織中に適切に分布しなかったことが記述されている。次いで、THU-FAC(TFAC)の同時注入がこの問題を解決し、原発性肝細胞癌を誘発したウイルス感染のウッドチャック動物モデルにおいてバックグラウンドの肝臓に対して肝細胞癌でFACの高い取り込みをもたらすことが判明した。図10に示すように、予測バイオマーカーアッセイの使用は、THU-Decの頻度または投与量を増加する必要があるかどうかを決定するのに役立つ。
DECで治療された患者中の治療抵抗性の悪性細胞はUCK2を増加させかつDCKを減少させ、および5AZAで治療された患者では逆である
骨髄穿刺液検体を、DECまたは5AZAでの治療中に再発の前と再発時に患者から採取し、かつピリミジン代謝酵素DCKおよびUCK2の発現を定量的リアルタイムPCRで測定した。図8に示すように、再発中、Decで治療された患者からのMDS/AML細胞は、より低いDCKおよびより高いUCK2を有し、5Azaで治療された患者においては逆である。
THU-DECを3X/週で、THU-5AZAを3X/週と交互に使用する非細胞毒性治療は、患者由来AMLの異種移植モデルにおいて、DEC単独またはTHU-DEC単独と比較して、応答を著しく延長する
AML患者の骨髄からの初代AML細胞(1×106細胞)をNSGマウスに異種移植した。接種の5日後に、マウスをビヒクル、DEC単独を0.2mg/kgで皮下に3X/週で、THU-DEC(THU8mg/kgとDEC0.1mg/kg)を皮下に3X/週で、またはTHU-5AZAを3X/週(THU8mg/kgと5AZA1mg/kg)と交互するTHU-DECを3X/週で、治療した。治療群当たりn=5。図9から明らかなように、THU-DecとTHU-5Azaの交互のレジメンは、患者由来AMLのこれらの異種移植モデルでの生存確率を有意に増加させる。
Claims (12)
- 対象において癌を治療するための医薬品の製造における、デシタビン、テトラヒドロウリジンおよび薬学的に許容される担体を含む第1の組成物と、5-アザシチジン、テトラヒドロウリジンおよび薬学的に許容される担体を含む第2の組成物とを組み合わせた使用であって、
前記テトラヒドロウリジンが5-アザシチジンの約1分~約180分前に生物学的に利用可能であり、
前記第1および前記第2の組成物が前記対象に交互に投与される用の組成物である、使用。 - 前記第1の組成物が約1~約10mg/m2のデシタビンおよび約400~500mg/m2のテトラヒドロウリジンを含む、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記第2の組成物が約10~約100mg/m2の5-アザシチジンおよび約400~500mg/m2のテトラヒドロウリジンを含む、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記第1および前記第2の組成物の投与が前記対象において約0.5μM未満のピークデシタビン血漿濃度および多くても5μMのピーク5-アザシチジン血漿濃度をもたらす、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記第1および前記第2の組成物中のテトラヒドロウリジンがデシタビンまたは5-アザシチジンの約1分~約180分前に生物学的に利用可能である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記第1および前記第2の組成物中のテトラヒドロウリジンがデシタビンまたは5-アザシチジンの約15分~約180分前に生物学的に利用可能である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記第1の組成物が第1の丸剤中に存在しおよび前記第2の組成物が第2の丸剤中に存在する、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記癌があらゆる組織の良性癌、転移癌または難治性癌を含む、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が急性骨髄性白血病である、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記第1および前記第2の組成物が、前記対象において予測バイオマーカーを測定した後に投与される用の組成物である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記予測バイオマーカーの測定が前記対象におけるデオキシシチジンキナーゼのレベルを含む、請求項10に記載の使用。
- 前記対象が哺乳動物である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
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| PCT/US2016/064935 WO2017096357A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2016-12-05 | Compositions containing decitabine, 5azacytidine and tetrahydrouridine and uses thereof |
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| EP3976054A4 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2023-10-04 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | TIMED ADMINISTRATION OF DECITABINE AND 5-AZACYTIDINE FOR CANCER TREATMENT |
| US20210077492A1 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-18 | The Trustees Of Indiana University | Methods and compositions of treating pancreatic cancer |
| WO2021211890A1 (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-21 | Adimabio Llc | Compositions comprising 2'-deoxycytidine analogs and use thereof for the treatment of sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and cancers |
| US11938143B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2024-03-26 | Akirabio, Inc. | Compositions comprising 2′-deoxycytidine analogs and use thereof for the treatment of sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and cancers |
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| US5760208A (en) | 1996-08-14 | 1998-06-02 | The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations | Process to prepare pyrimidine nucleosides |
| PT1156827E (pt) | 1999-03-01 | 2007-01-31 | Halogenetics Inc | Utilização de composições compreendendo cidc como radiossensibilizadores no tratamento de doenças neoplásicas |
| US6861513B2 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2005-03-01 | Schering Corporation | Everninomicin biosynthetic genes |
| US6982253B2 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2006-01-03 | Supergen, Inc. | Liquid formulation of decitabine and use of the same |
| US20050056280A1 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2005-03-17 | Nektar Therapeutics | Receptacle for an aerosolizable pharmaceutical formulation |
| US8158770B2 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2012-04-17 | University Of Rochester | Content dependent inhibitors of cytidine deaminases and uses thereof |
| US20060063735A1 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Supergen, Inc. | Salts of 5-azacytidine |
| US20060069060A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-03-30 | Sanjeev Redkar | Salts of decitabine |
| US20060128653A1 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-15 | Chunlin Tang | Pharmaceutical formulation of decitabine |
| US7250416B2 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2007-07-31 | Supergen, Inc. | Azacytosine analogs and derivatives |
| EP1917356A2 (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2008-05-07 | Nupotential, LLC | Production of reprogrammed cells with restored potential |
| CN101815437A (zh) | 2007-09-26 | 2010-08-25 | 辛乃山医学院 | 氮杂胞苷类似物和其应用 |
| EP2050757A1 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2009-04-22 | Cilag AG | Method of producing 2' -deoxy-5-azacytidine (Decitabine) |
| DK3782612T3 (da) | 2008-05-15 | 2024-01-15 | Celgene Corp | Orale formuleringer af cytidinanaloger og fremgangsmåder til anvendelse deraf |
| US9259469B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2016-02-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Compositions comprising decitabine and tetrahydrouridine and uses thereof |
| US9265785B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2016-02-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Compositions comprising decitabine and tetrahydrouridine and uses thereof |
| WO2010093435A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-19 | Celgene International Sarl | Methods for treating non-small cell lung cancer using 5-azacytidine |
| WO2010118010A1 (en) | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-14 | Eisai Inc. | Combination of decitabine with cytidine deaminase inhibitor and use thereof in the treatment of cancer |
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| CN102485232A (zh) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | 苏州科耐尔医药科技有限公司 | 一种含地西他滨的药物组合物 |
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| US20200246368A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
| EP3383406B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
| CN109789155A (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
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| DK3960182T3 (da) | 2025-04-07 |
| MX2018006790A (es) | 2019-05-02 |
| US11779591B2 (en) | 2023-10-10 |
| JP2018538370A (ja) | 2018-12-27 |
| US11376270B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
| EP3960182B1 (en) | 2025-03-19 |
| EP3383406A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
| JP2022184941A (ja) | 2022-12-13 |
| MX2021007569A (es) | 2022-06-09 |
| CA3007357A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
| WO2017096357A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
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