JP5259745B2 - 器具発電ユニットを遠隔的に監視するためのセンサを含む制御モジュール付き電動外科用器具 - Google Patents
器具発電ユニットを遠隔的に監視するためのセンサを含む制御モジュール付き電動外科用器具 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
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- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
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- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
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Description
A.概要
図1および1Aは、本発明に従って構成された外科用器具である電動器具30を示す。器具30は、電気的に作動する発電ユニットがその中に配置されたハウジング32を有する。特定の器具30では、この発電ユニットはブラシレスHalless直流電動機34である。器具ハウジング32は、電動機34がその中に納まる略円筒状ヘッド36を有するように形成される。器具ハウジング32は、ヘッド36から下方に延びるハンドル38を有するように形成される。
図2Aおよび2Bは、トリガスイッチ46および47がトリガスイッチハウジング33内にどのように装着されるかを集合的に示している。トリガスイッチハウジング33はプラスチックで形成される。ハウジング33は、各々がその近位端を閉止された2つのバレルケージを画定するように形作られる。各バレルケージ35は、関連付けられるトリガスイッチバレル50の一方の褶動可能の摺接嵌合(slidable slip fitting)を容易にするような寸法とされる。装着板37はバレルケージ35の開放遠位端と一体的に形成され、かつその周囲に延びる。装着板37は、ハンドル38の前面によって画定される陥凹空間に嵌合するように寸法決めされる(陥凹空間は図示せず)。嵌合ボス43は、バレルケージ35の間で装着板37から近位後方に延びる。嵌合ボス43は軸方向に延びる貫通穴61を有する。図示しない締結部材がボス43を貫通して延び、トリガスイッチハウジング33を器具ハウジング32に保持する。トリガスイッチハウジング33には、バレルケージ35の近位端全体に延びる止め壁45が形成される。止め壁45は、トリガスイッチ46および47が完全に押し込まれたときに、バレル50の近位端が当接するトリガハウジング構造部材である。
図6A〜6Eは、電動機34の作動を調整する制御モジュール40内部の回路を示す。一般的に、センサ66〜76によって生成される信号は、プロセッサに、図6Aではデジタル信号プロセッサ(DSP)170に印加される。センサ66および70によって生成される信号に基づいて、DSP170は選択的に回路を電力節約「スリープ」モードから「アクティブ」モードに移行させ、回路は電動機34を付勢する。センサ68および72によって生成される信号に基づいて、DSP170は、電動機34が動作する速度および方向の両方を示す出力信号を生成する。センサ74および76は、電動機回転子78の位置を表わす基本的信号を生成する。DSP170はこれらの信号に基づいて、回転子の位置を示す追加信号を生成する。
はデュアル電源低電力演算増幅器から形成される。Vdd信号が各増幅器236および248に印加される部分は図示されない。また、コンデンサ(図示せず)は増幅器236のVddピンとグランドとの間に結合される。National Semiconductorから入手可能なLMV982増幅器も増幅器236および248として使用することができる。
号として、電流モニタ296に印加される。
本発明の外科用器具30の動作について、ここで、図8A〜8Dのフローチャートを参照しながら説明する。ハンドピース30の作動の前に、ステップ360で、DSP170に、各トリガスイッチ46および47が生成するコマンド信号を識別する命令が提供される。例えば、外科医の選好に基づいて、トリガスイッチ46または47のいずれかが、ハンドピース電動機を順方向に動作させるために押されるスイッチとなるように設定される。残りのトリガスイッチ47または46は、スイッチを逆方向に動作させるために押されるスイッチとなるように設定される。
USER_SPEED=SPDMIN+SS(SPDMAX−SPDMIN) (1)
ここで、SPDMINおよびSPDMAXはそれぞれ、トリガスイッチ47が押されたときに電動機34が動作する最小および最大速度である。これらはステップ362で供給される係数である。変数SSは、トリガスイッチ47が基準位置への伸長状態から変位した程度を表わし、0.00から1.00までに正規化された、センサ72からのセンサ信号である。
センサ74の信号>センサ76の信号
であるか否かを判定する検査が行なわれる。この判定結果が真である場合には、センサ信号は集合的に、回転子が0から60°の間の角度位置にあることを示す。この判定結果が偽である場合には、集合的に信号は、回転子が120から180°の間の位置にあることを示す。センサ74からの正規化された出力信号が、回転子が180から240°の六分角または300から360°のいずれかに存在することを示す場合、
センサ74の信号<センサ76の信号
であるか否かを判定する検査が行なわれる。この判定結果が真である場合には、センサ信号は、回転子が180から240°の間の角度位置にあることを示す。この判定結果が偽である場合には、回転子は300から360°の間の位置に存在する。
Δ=信号値PEAK−信号値VALLEY (2)
によって判定される。ステップ418で、ピーク406aと谷408aとの間の中点値MPが、次式に従って判定される。
MP=Δ/2+OFFSET (3)
ここで、OFFSETは谷406aにおけるセンサ信号、SIGNAL VALUEVALLEY信号のレベルである。図10で、この中点基準信号レベルは、点420aによって表わされる。少なくとも始動直後は、SIGNAL VALUEPEAKおよびSIGNAL VALUE VALLEY値は、メモリ404から取り出される信号レベルであることを理解されたい。
UPPER TRANS=MP+0.433Δ (4)
に従って判定される。ステップ424で、下方遷移は式:
LOWER TRANS=MP−0.433Δ (5)
に従って判定される。方程式(4)および(5)で、定数0.433は、本発明のこのバージョンでは、HALLx信号の遷移が波形402の60°の位相変化毎に発生するという事実に基づく。第1の位相変化/HALLx信号の遷移は、波形が359°から0°位置に変化するときに発生する。したがって、次のHALLx信号の遷移誘発位相は、センサ74信号が60°位置より上で遷移するときに発生する。60°の正弦は0.866である。同様に、センサ74が179°位置から180°位置に遷移するときに、HALLx信号遷移誘発位相変化がある。したがって、次のHALLx信号遷移誘発位相変化は、センサ74の信号が240°より下に降下したときに発生する。240°の正弦は−0.866である。
上述の通り、器具30は各用途向けにカスタム構成可能である。ステップ360で、トリガスイッチの機能(順方向、逆方向、振動、またはオフ)がDSP170にロードされる。ステップ362で、DSP170には、トリガスイッチ46または47の押込みの関数としてそれが生成する範囲のUSER_SPEED信号がロードされる。これらおよび他の命令が器具30にロードされるメカニズムについて、ここで、最初に図16および17を参照することによって説明する。器具30は、制御モジュール40内部の該モジュール構成部品に加えて、1つ以上のデータトランシーバヘッド530をも含む(1つを図示)。各トランシーバヘッド530は、器具30とは物理的に分離したユニットと信号を交換する。図16のブロック図バージョンの器具に示される通り、トランシーバヘッド530は制御モジュール40の外部となる。本発明の一部のバージョンでは、制御モジュール40の内部にトランシーバヘッド530を配置することが可能であり得る。本発明の1バージョンでは、DSP170(器具制御プロセッサ)はシリアルデータ通信線531でトランシーバヘッドと信号を交換する。
遠隔ユニットが器具30に供給するデータの型について、最初に図19を参照することによって説明する。この図は、器具を構成するための外科医の選好をロードするプロセスステップを表わす。最初に、遠隔ユニット、例えばハンドピースコンソール542またはパーソナルコンピュータ544が動作状態になり、外科医の選択するカスタム構成データを受け入れる(ステップは図示せず)。ステップ580で、遠隔ユニットはタッチスクリーン画面を生成し、そこで外科手術従事者はハンドピーストリガ46の機能、すなわち順方向、逆方向、振動、またはオフを指定するように催促される。ステップ582で、従事者は適切なタッチスクリーンボタンを押すことによって、選択した機能を入力する。
本発明の統合システムは、患者に装着される運動学的機械を正確に配置するために使用される。通常、運動学的機械は、患者の身体の静的点に対して選択的に配置される少なくとも1つの、しばしば2つ以上の可動リンクを有する。リンクを正確に位置付けることによって、該機械を使用しての治療作業が達成される。図23は1つのそのような運動学的機械、治具アセンブリ648を示す。治具アセンブリ648は、固定マーカブロック656と、装着ブロックに対して移動可能な治具ヘッド650とを含む。治具ヘッド650にはガイドスロット652が形成される。インプラントを骨654に取り付けるプロセス中に、治具ヘッド650は正確に位置決めされる。ひとたび治具ヘッド650およびガイドスロット652がそのように位置決めされると、ソーブレードがガイドスロット652内に挿入され、インプラントが嵌合される空間を形成するために骨の一部分が除去される。
本発明の外科用器具30を有するシステムは、図25を参照することによって分かるように、外科用セメントを混合するためにも使用される。ここで、セメント粉末740はカートリッジ742に含まれる。モノマ(図示せず)もカートリッジ742内に入れられる。カートリッジ内のブレード744はセメント粉末およびモノマを一緒に混合して、セメントの未硬化塊を形成する。ブレード744に取り付けられたシャフト746は、カートリッジ上に配置されたキャップ748から延びる。シャフト746は、外科用器具30の出力シャフト750に結合される。外科用器具30は、混合プロセスの終了時にセメント塊が所望のレートで硬化、固化し、かつ硬化したときに、外科医が選択した所望の空隙率および不透明度を有するように、選択時間量だけ選択速度で作動する。
上述の通り、トランシーバヘッド530またはトラッカ539(両方とも図17)のような補助ユニットを、本発明の電動外科用器具30に取り付けることができる。そのような接続することのできる他のタイプの補助ユニットとして、レーザポインタおよび光源がある。さらに別の分類の補助ユニットは、検知機能を実行する。1つのそのような補助ユニットとして赤外トランスデューサが挙げられる。このタイプの補助ユニットは、手術部位の組織の温度を監視するために使用される。
上記説明は、本発明の特定の実施形態に向けられている。本発明の他のバージョンは、これまで説明したものとは異なる特徴を有することができる。例えば、記載した電動機は回転シャフトを有するが、本発明の他の電動機付き外科用器具は、振動または往復運動する駆動部材を有する。
センサ76の信号>0
であるか否かを判定する検査が行なわれる。
Claims (17)
- 回転子(78)と巻線(86a,86b,86c)とを有する電動機(34)を備えた外科用電動器具(30)の制御アセンブリであって、該制御アセンブリが外科的または医療的作業を行うためのアタッチメント(41)を作動させるものであり、
構造部材(92,94,96,98,102,104)から形成され、その内部に空間のある、前記電動機とは分離されたモジュール(40)であって、前記モジュールの少なくとも1つの部分(94)が非磁性材料から形成されている、モジュールと、
前記モジュール(40)の内部の空間内に位置するトリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)であって、前記トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)が、前記モジュールの外に位置し、磁石(56,58)が取り付けられたトリガスイッチ(46,47)により発生する変化しうる磁界を監視するとともに、該トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)に対する前記磁石(56,58)の相対的な位置によって変化する前記監視される磁界に応じて変化するトリガ信号を生成するものであり、前記磁界は前記トリガスイッチの動作に応じて変化するものである、トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)と、
前記モジュールの内部の空間内に位置する回転子位置センサ(74,76)であって、前記モジュールの、非磁性材料から形成されている前記部分(94)が該回転子位置センサと前記電動機(34)との間に位置し、該回転子位置センサは、前記電動機の回転子により発生する磁界を検知し、検知した磁界に応じて、前記電動機の回転子(78)の相対的な位置に基づいてアナログ信号を出力するものである、回転子位置センサ(74,76)と、
前記モジュール(40)の内部の空間内に位置し、前記トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)が生成した前記トリガ信号と、前記電動機の回転子(78)の回転位置を表す信号とを受信する制御回路と
を備えており、
前記制御回路が、
前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)が出力した前記アナログ信号を受信するとともに、該アナログ信号のレベルに基づいて該アナログ信号を、前記電動機の回転子の位置を表す複数ビットのデジタル信号へと変換する信号プロセッサ(170)と、
前記電動機の回転子の位置を表す前記複数ビットの信号と前記トリガ信号とが印加され、前記回転子の位置と前記トリガ信号とに基づいて、前記電動機(50)を選択的に動作させる信号を生成する電動機制御回路(172)と
を備えている、制御アセンブリ。 - 前記制御アセンブリとともに用いられる前記器具(30)内の前記電動機(34)が、3つの巻線(86a,86b,86c)を有し、
前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)が、多くても2つの、前記電動機の回転子(78)の位置に基づいてアナログ信号を出力する感知ユニットを有している、請求項1に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記モジュール(40)内の構成要素を保護するために当該モジュール(40)の内部の空間にポッティングコンパウンドが充填されている、請求項1または2に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)が、
前記制御信号プロセッサ(170)に印加される前記アナログ信号を生成する第1の回転子位置感知ユニット(74)と、
前記電動機の回転子(78)の回転位置に基づいて第2の信号を生成し、該信号を前記制御回路(170,172)へ出力する第2の回転子位置感知ユニット(76)と
を含み、
前記電動機の始動時には、前記信号プロセッサ(170)が前記第1の回転子位置感知ユニット(74)からの信号と、前記第2の回転子位置感知ユニット(76)からの信号とを用いて回転子位置を判定し、
前記電動機の始動後は、前記信号プロセッサ(170)が前記第1の回転子位置感知ユニット(74)により生成されたアナログ信号にのみ基づいて前記回転子(78)のその後の位置を判定する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記第2の回転子位置感知ユニット(76)が回転子位置に応じたアナログ信号を出力する、請求項4に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記第2の回転子位置感知ユニット(76)が回転子位置に応じたデジタル信号を出力する、請求項4に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記回転子位置センサが、電動機回転子位置を表すアナログ信号を出力する単一の感知ユニット(74)を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記電動機(34)の始動時には、前記制御回路(170,172)が第1のプロセス(940,946,948,952)により、前記単一のアナログ回転子位置信号に基づいて前記電動機の回転子(78)の位置を判定し、
前記電動機(34)の始動後は、前記制御回路(170,172)が第2のプロセス(954,966)により、前記第1の回転子位置信号に基づいて前記電動機の回転子(78)の位置を判定する、請求項7に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記モジュール(40)を形成する前記構造部材が複数の板(92,94,96,98,102,104)である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)と前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)と前記制御回路(170,172)とが、前記制御モジュール(40)内に気密密閉されている、請求項9に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)が出力する信号が、ピーク値及び谷の値を持つ波形信号を含むものであり、
前記信号プロセッサ(170)が、前記波形信号のピーク値と谷の値との間のレベルに基づいて、電動機回転子位置を表す前記デジタル信号を生成する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記信号プロセッサ(170)がさらに、前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)の信号を監視して前記波形信号のピーク値及び谷の値を取得し、前記波形信号のピーク値と谷の値との間のレベルの変化に基づいて前記電動機の回転子(78)の位置を判定する、請求項11に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 前記モジュールに回路基板(64)が設けられており、前記トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)と前記制御回路(170,172)と前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)とが前記回路基板(64)に取り付けられており、前記回路基板が切欠き(132)とともに形成されており、
前記回転子位置センサ(74)が前記回路基板の前記切欠き(132)に着座している、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記モジュール(40)を前記器具(30)に固定する、前記構造部材(92,94,96,98,102,104)のうちの少なくとも1つに装着されている取付けブラケット(99,122)をさらに備えており、
前記トリガセンサ(66,68,70,72)が対応する磁石(56,58)に対して位置合わせがなされている、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)と前記電動機(36)との間にある板(94)の内面に凹部が設けられており、
前記回転子位置センサ(74,76)が該板に設けられた該凹部に着座している、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。 - 前記信号プロセッサ(170)が、前記回転子位置から受けた前記アナログ信号を、電動機回転子位置を表す3ビットの信号へと変換する、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリ。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の制御アセンブリを備えた外科用電動器具(30)。
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| JP2011002080A Active JP5259745B2 (ja) | 2005-06-28 | 2011-01-07 | 器具発電ユニットを遠隔的に監視するためのセンサを含む制御モジュール付き電動外科用器具 |
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