JP4971175B2 - カーボンナノチューブ網状組織物上に担持された触媒を製造する方法 - Google Patents
カーボンナノチューブ網状組織物上に担持された触媒を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4971175B2 JP4971175B2 JP2007541476A JP2007541476A JP4971175B2 JP 4971175 B2 JP4971175 B2 JP 4971175B2 JP 2007541476 A JP2007541476 A JP 2007541476A JP 2007541476 A JP2007541476 A JP 2007541476A JP 4971175 B2 JP4971175 B2 JP 4971175B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
- B01J21/185—Carbon nanotubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/26—Chromium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Description
この出願は、ここで参照することによって全体を含められる、2004年11月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/628,469号に対する利益および優先権を主張するものである。
担持触媒(即ち、ある種の表面、構造または担体等々に担持されている触媒)は、一般的には、不活性な担体材料および触媒活性のある物質を含む。不均一系反応は普通昇温下(時には、そのうえ昇圧下)で、かつ反応性雰囲気中で行われるので、反応ゾーン内の活性触媒成分の正確な化学的性質はこれを決めることが困難な場合がある。かくして、用語「触媒」または「担持触媒」は、この工業分野では、反応ゾーン中に装入される、不活性な担体および触媒活性のある物質を共に含む組成物を指すために互換的に用いられることが多い。
カーボンナノチューブは触媒および触媒担体としての使用に関心がある材料として確認されている。カーボンナノチューブはいろいろな形態で存在し、そして種々の炭素含有ガスの金属表面における接触分解により製造されてきた。
カーボンナノチューブに加えて、カーボンナノチューブ構造物が有用な触媒担体および触媒であることが知られている。カーボンナノチューブ構造物は、内部細孔構造のより多くがメソポア(即ち、2〜50nm)およびマクロポア(即ち、50nm超)の形をしているという点で他の公知の炭素触媒担体を越えるある特定の構造的利点を与える。さらに、カーボンナノチューブ構造物は、また、他の公知の炭素触媒担体と比較して、より大きな構造強度を有し、従ってフリット化または摩滅する可能性がより少ない。
金属触媒をカーボンナノチューブの上に装填して金属装填カーボンナノチューブを形成し;そして該金属装填カーボンナノチューブからカーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物を形成する工程を含む、担持触媒を製造する新規な方法が提供される。
本明細書で参照される全ての特許、特許出願および特許公開公報は、参照することによってそれらの全体が含められる。
用語「ナノチューブ」、「ナノファイバー」および「フィブリル」は、単層または多層カーボンナノチューブを指すために互換的に用いられる。各々は、好ましくはある一定断面を有する細長い構造物(例えば、縁を有する、角のある繊維)または1ミクロン未満(多層ナノチューブについて)または5nm未満(単層ナノチューブについて)の直径(例えば、円形)を有する細長い構造物を指す。用語「ナノチューブ」は、また、「バッキーチューブ(buckytubes)」および魚骨フィブリルも包含する。
本発明は、金属装填カーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物を含む担持触媒を製造する新規な方法を提供する。好ましい態様に従って製造されたこの担持触媒は、カーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物内に金属触媒のより良好な分布とより良好な分散をもたらし、その結果としてより良好な触媒活性をもたらすことができる。
好ましい態様において、カーボンナノチューブ(ばらばらのナノチューブの形で製造されようと、造られたままの凝結物の形で製造されようと、或いはそれら両者の混合物の形で製造されようと)は金属触媒で予備堆積(predeposited)または装填され、その後にその金属装填カーボンナノチューブはカーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物に造られる。単層であろうと、多層であろうと、あらゆるタイプのカーボンナノチューブが使用できる。
好ましい金属触媒に、ルテニウム、オスミウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム、白金またはそれらの混合物、並びにTi、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、La、Ce、Wまたはそれらの組み合わせを含めて他の遷移金属の金属酸化物、金属ハロゲン化物、金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属燐化物および金属硫化物がある。さらに好ましくは、金属触媒はパラジウム、白金または両者の混合物である。
金属触媒がいったんカーボンナノチューブの表面上に堆積されると、これらの金属装填カーボンナノチューブは、次に、前記の常用の方法を用いてカーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物を形成するのに用いられる。
実施例は例証のためのものであって、本発明の範囲を限定するものと見なすべきではない。本発明に対しては多数の変更および修正をなすことができる。本明細書の実施例で用いられる材料は商業的に容易に入手できる。
カーボンナノチューブ網状組織物
共有結合したカーボンナノチューブ網状組織物を、多官能性リンカーの分子により多数のナノチューブを一緒にカップリングさせることによって造る。リンカーは、リンカー分子上の少なくとも1個の官能基が1個のナノチューブと反応し、そして同じリンカー分子上の少なくとも第二の官能基が第二のナノチューブと反応することができ、それによって2つのナノチューブを一緒に共有結合させるように、同一であるか、または異なる2個またはそれ以上の反応性基を有することができる。多官能性リンカー上の官能基は同一であることもできるし、或いは異なることもでき、そして非官能化ナノチューブと直接反応するように選択することもできるし、或いはナノチューブ上に既に存在している官能基と反応するように選択することもできる。
後網状組織物堆積によるカーボンナノチューブ網状組織物担持触媒
官能化カーボンナノチューブは多様な異なる官能基、即ちアニオン性基(例えば、−SO3H、−COOH)、カチオン性基(例えば、−N(R1,R2,R3)+)またはアミノ、アミド、エステル、ニトリル、エポキシ若しくは他の反応性中心に似た多少複雑な有機基を含んでいる。金属装填カーボンナノチューブ複合材料の製造が、次に、官能化カーボンナノチューブの製造、イオン交換か金属化合物による含浸のいずれかによるメタレーション、および金属化合物の金属状態への還元によって行うことができる。
予備網状組織物堆積によるカーボンナノチューブ網状組織物担持触媒
金属触媒は、また、イオン交換経路または含浸経路によって官能化カーボンナノチューブ上に予備堆積させることができる。カーボンナノチューブ上に担持されたPd触媒をインシピエントウエットネス含浸によって調製する。まず、10グラムのCC−タイプカーボンナノチューブを250ccの丸底フラスコに入れ、そして63%硝酸によって還流条件下で4時間酸化する。脱イオン水による完全な洗浄後に、その酸化ナノチューブをPd(NO3)2/アセトン溶液で含浸して5%の金属装填量をもたらす。
カーボンナノチューブ網状組織物担持触媒上でのニトロベンゼンの水素化
ニトロベンゼンの水素化は、一般に、強い発熱反応であると認められ、多くの金属上で非常に速い。このプロセスは通常拡散によって制限される。カーボンナノチューブ網状組織物が触媒担体として役立つとき、活性炭が担体として用いられたときに非晶質炭素のミクロポアによって引き起こされる拡散制限はなくなる。かくして、このような触媒は、常用の活性炭またはカーボンブラック担持触媒と比較するときより良好な性能を与える。
Claims (7)
- 金属触媒をカーボンナノチューブの上に装填する工程、および
該金属装填カーボンナノチューブからカップリング剤を用いてカーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物を形成する工程
を含む、担持触媒を製造する方法。 - 該金属触媒がルテニウム、オスミウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム、白金、或いはTi、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、La、Ce、Wまたはそれらの組み合わせの金属酸化物、金属ハロゲン化物、金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属燐化物および金属硫化物より成る群から選ばれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- カーボンナノチューブを酸化剤で官能化して官能化カーボンナノチューブを形成する工程;
該官能化カーボンナノチューブの上に金属触媒を装填して金属装填カーボンナノチューブを形成する工程であって、該金属触媒がルテニウム、オスミウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、パラジウム、白金、或いはTi、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、La、Ce、Wまたはそれらの組み合わせの金属酸化物、金属ハロゲン化物、金属炭化物、金属窒化物、金属燐化物および金属硫化物より成る群から選ばれる該工程;および
該金属装填カーボンナノチューブからカップリング剤を用いてカーボンナノチューブ網状組織構造物を形成する工程
を含む、担持触媒を製造する方法。 - 該酸化剤が塩素酸カリウム、硫酸、硝酸(HNO 3 )、過硫酸塩、過酸化水素(H 2 O 2 )、CO 2 、O 2 、スチーム、N 2 O、NO、NO 2 、O 3 またはClO 2 より成る群から選ばれる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 該カップリング剤がジアミンである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 該金属触媒が、該金属触媒の塩を含有する溶液を該官能化カーボンナノチューブと混合し、そして該溶液を蒸発させることによって該官能化カーボンナノチューブの上に装填される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 該金属触媒が該官能化カーボンナノチューブの上に含浸、インシピエントウエットネス、イオン交換、沈殿、物理的若しくは化学的吸着または共沈によって装填される、請求項3に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US62846904P | 2004-11-16 | 2004-11-16 | |
| US60/628,469 | 2004-11-16 | ||
| PCT/US2005/041605 WO2006055670A2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2005-11-16 | Methods for preparing catalysts supported on carbon nanotube networks |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008520414A JP2008520414A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008520414A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
| CA2588124A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
| EP1831440A4 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| DE602005023777D1 (de) | 2010-11-04 |
| EP1828447A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| CA2588109A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
| DK1831440T3 (da) | 2010-11-08 |
| US20080039315A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| MX2007005797A (es) | 2007-10-03 |
| ATE482029T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
| EP1831440B1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
| CN101103144A (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
| CN101103144B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
| CN101098991B (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
| ATE497034T1 (de) | 2011-02-15 |
| CN101098991A (zh) | 2008-01-02 |
| WO2006060168A2 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
| DE602005026167D1 (de) | 2011-03-10 |
| US20060142149A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| DK1828447T3 (da) | 2011-03-21 |
| US20060142148A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| US7968489B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
| WO2006060168A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| WO2006055670A3 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| EP1828447A2 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
| EP1831440A2 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
| MX2007005793A (es) | 2007-10-04 |
| WO2006055670A2 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
| EP1828447B1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| JP2008520413A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
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