JP2011167525A - 医療装置 - Google Patents
医療装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011167525A JP2011167525A JP2011079129A JP2011079129A JP2011167525A JP 2011167525 A JP2011167525 A JP 2011167525A JP 2011079129 A JP2011079129 A JP 2011079129A JP 2011079129 A JP2011079129 A JP 2011079129A JP 2011167525 A JP2011167525 A JP 2011167525A
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- stable
- cells
- cell
- stent
- expandable device
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- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】ステントは、番号50を付した一杯に収縮した状態及び番号60を付した一杯に拡張された状態をとる。複数の相互連結された双安定セル64は、比較的剛性の第1セグメント52、66及び比較的可撓性の第2セグメント54、68から形成されている。比較的可撓性の第2セグメント68は、隣接した比較的剛性の第1セグメント66に相互連結されている。長さ方向75で隣接したセルは、端部70、72が接合されている。半径方向又は内方に均等な力を加えることによって、ステントを一杯に収縮した形体50から一杯に拡張させた形体60まで直接切り換えることができ、又その逆を行うことができる。
【選択図】図5
Description
この構造は、なんらかの外部手段によってカテーテル上に保持しなければならない。この種の一例は、ステントをその自然の形態まで展開しなければならないときに取り除かれる送出シースによって収縮状態に保持されるステントである。
これらの自動膨張ステントの欠点は、送出シースを必要とし、挿入直径が大きくなるということである。更に、シースの取り出しにはシース引っ込め機構が必要とされ、これを基端で操作しなければならない。
幾つかのステントの別の欠点は、正のばね率(spring rate)である。これ
は、高いバルーン圧力によってしか更に拡張させることができないということを意味する。
例えば、ジョンソン&ジョンソン・インターベンションシステムズ社が製造しているパルマーシャズ(Palmaz−Schatz)ステントのユニットセル又はプログレッシブ・アンジオプラスティシステムズ社が製造しているACTワン・コロナリーステントは、その畳まれた状態において平らな矩形形状を有し、その拡張状態において或る程度菱形形状の形態を有し、ほぼ直線的なストラット(パルマーシャズ)又は成る程度湾曲したストラット(ACTワン)を含む。
特定の臨界直径以下では、本発明のステントは、更に、安定した最小直径にスナップ作用で移行し、かくして、萎ませたバルーンを、挿入直径をできるだけ小さくして、カテーテルの表面上にしっかりと保持する。追加のシースを必要としないが、最大の安定性を得るために追加のシースを使用してもよい。
本発明の別の部分は、配置される身体のキャビティの形状にできるだけ良好に適合させるためにその長さに沿って幾つかの外径を持つステントである。
本発明は、更に、スナップ作用2位置ユニットセルを持つ双安定バルブ及び特に失禁症をなくすためのその使用に関する。
本発明のステントの構造には、特別な方法で安定性を確保できるユニットセルからなる構成をもつ一連のエレメントが含まれる。各ユニットセルは、異なる機械的挙動を示す機械的に連結された全く異なる少なくとも二つの区分でできている。一方の区分は、他方の比較的可撓性の区分に対して比較的剛性の支持体として作用する。比較的可撓性の区分は、ステントの可撓性の全てではないにしろ大部分の原因である。この原理に基づいてステントを製造するには幾つかの方法があり、このステントは、ポリマー、組成物、従来の金属、又は超弾性挙動又は感温挙動を示す形状記憶合金等の様々な材料から製造できる。
回転させなければならない。第1c図は、ロッド1の中央部分をクランプすることによって、角度βに亘る回転に逆らい、この部分を軸線A−Aと平行に維持した場合に発生し、ロッドの2階湾曲(secondorder curvature)を示す。
ロッドを第1図の上安定位置2から下安定位置3まで移動させる。力は、ゼロからFmaxまで迅速に増大する。そのとき、第1b図及び第1c図の1階又は2階湾曲のいずれか
の開始に達する。X方向へのこれ以上の変位には力を殆ど必要としない。これは、このばねシステムが負のばね率を持つためである。力は中央部分でゼロとなり、これ以上の移動は自動的に生じる。システムが完全に対称であり、下位置から上位置に戻すのに必要な力は同じ特性を備えているということは第2図から理解されよう。
合には、反対方向への開始力はF2であり、F1よりも小さい。
ができるが、下位置の安定性が必要である場合には正の値を持つ必要がある。
第5a図及び第5b図は、本発明の管状ステントの外観を一杯に収縮させた形体及び一杯に拡張させた形体の夫々で示す。ステントは、全体に参照番号50を附したその一杯に収縮させた状態及び全体に参照番号60を附したその一杯に拡張させた状態において、複数の相互連結された双安定ユニットセル(第5b図において拡張状態で参照番号64が附してある)を有する。双安定ユニットセルは、比較的剛性の第1セグメント52(第5b図において参照番号66が附してある)及び比較的可撓性の第2セグメント54(第5b図において参照番号68が附してある)から形成されており、これらのセグメントは、端部70及び72のところで互いに接合されている。比較的可撓性の第2セグメント68は、隣接した比較的剛性の部材66に相互連結されている。長さ方向(長さ方向軸線には参照番号75が附してある)で隣接したセルは、端部70と72とが接合されている。半径方向外方又は内方に均等な力を加えることによって、ステントを一杯に収縮した形体から一杯に拡張させた形体まで直接切り換えることができ、又はその逆を行うことができる。
線方向での相対的変位に逆らう。これとは対照的に、セグメント8は、第1図で説明したロッド1又は第3図で説明したロッド5と同様の可撓性ロッドとして作用する。セグメント7及び8又は9及び10を組み合わせることにより、力−変位曲線F−Xが第2図及び第4図で説明した曲線と同様であり、非荷重状態及びセグメントの形状で決まる、双安定ばねシステムとして作用するユニットセルを構成する。変形例では、様々な直径のセグメント又はストラットを使用する代わりに、直径(即ち断面積)が同じであるが強度又は剛性が異なるセグメントでも同じ効果が得られる。このように強度又は剛性を異ならせるための一つの方法は、セグメントについて異なる材料を使用することである。別の方法は、全てのセグメントについて金属等の同じ材料を使用するが、剛性である必要があるセグメントを選択的に強化する(例えば熱処理によって)ことである。例えばニチノールは、熱処理を施すと更に柔軟になる。しかしながら、一方のニチノール製区分を熱処理が施してない第2のニチノール製区分に対して更に柔軟にするためにニチノールのこの性質を活用できる。
セグメント8は力FによってX方向に変形されているが、セグメント9はその剛性が大きいためにほぼその元の形状を有する。
び剛性区分)を持つように形成できる。
が第1直径であり、第2端部154が第2直径であり、第1端部152と第2端部154との間の領域156が一つ(又はそれ以上)の中間直径である。中間直径は、第1直径及び第2直径と異なる。第12図で全体に参照番号150を附したステントの相互連結されたセルは、全て、力定数(forceconstant)が同じであり、及び従って、必要な力を加えることによって全てのセルを一度に開放できる。又は、それ自体の力定数を各々有する幾つかの異なる種類のセルを含む。多数の直径を得るためには、大きさの異なるセルを使用するのがよい。この種のステントの一つの実施例では、第1及び第2の直径が同じであるが、別の実施例では第1及び第2の直径が異なる。
むのがよい。ステントの表面には、拡張リングに取り付けられたスキンが設けられている。スキンの取り付けでは、スキンが、拡張リング内で又は拡張リング間で取り囲むのがよい。スキンは人間又は動物の皮膚、ポリマー材料、又は任意の他の適当な生体親和性材料であるのがよい。
管404及び408の外側に載った随意のクランプ(例えば、下文において第23図にストリップの形体で示す、本発明によるコラプシブルステントの小さな部分)によりステントを脈管にクランプする。必要に応じて追加のクランプを使用できる。
トリガー手段620は圧電エレメントである。作動に当たっては、第19図に参照番号620で示す圧電エレメントが賦勢されていない場合には、バルブ閉鎖部材640は閉鎖している。圧電エレメント620を賦勢すると、圧電エレメント620の長さ方向長さ(第15図でYが附してある)が第20図に示すように僅かに短くなり、これにより可撓性部材608をその第1位置から解放する。部材608が解放されると、バルブ閉鎖部材640が自由になり、流体から伝達された圧力の作用で開放する。部材608は、第20図に示すように第2の逆の位置をとる。部材608は、流体圧力によってその第2位置に維持されるのであるけれども、流体が全くない場合でも、トリガーが消勢されて、圧電エレメント620がその元の長さになると、部材608は第20図に示すようにその第2位置にとどまる。流体が全くない場合、これに続いて圧電エレメント620を賦勢することにより、部材608をその第2(閉鎖)位置に移行できるようにすることによってバルブ閉鎖部材640を再び閉鎖できる。第2位置は、部材608にとって好ましい位置である。部材608は、第3図に示す好ましい位置を受け入れるように処理されている。
本発明は、上文中に説明した双安定ユニットセルに加え、他の形状の双安定ユニットセル及び更に一般的には多安定ユニットセルもまた企図している。第21a図及び第21b図は、本発明の別の実施例のヒンジ連結多安定セルをその収縮状態及び拡張状態で夫々概略に示す。全体に参照番号700を附した収縮状態のセル及び全体に参照番号705を附した拡張状態のセルは、相互連結された四つの比較的剛性の部材を含む。二つの側部材709は、ヒンジ715によって頂部材713の両端に連結されている。側部材709は、それらの反対端が底部材717の両端にヒンジ719によって連結されている。好ましくは、これらのヒンジは弾性変形可能であるか或いは塑性変形可能である。ヒンジは、側部材、頂部材、及び底部材に固定的に取り付けられているか或いはこれらの部材と一体であるのがよい。後者の場合には、セルのヒンジ領域から材料を除去してヒンジを薄くするか或いはヒンジの形状を側部材、頂部材、及び底部材と異ならせることによってヒンジを形成できる。拡張状態から畳まれた状態までの移行プロセスにおいて、底部材717は僅かに開放している。第21a図及び第21b図のセルは、二つの追加の中間状態を有し、この中間状態では、側部材709及び頂部材713の一方又は他方(しかし両方ではない)が下方に畳まれている。
及び第22b図に示す一杯に拡張させた状態及び一杯に収縮させた状態の他に、二つの中間安定形体をとることができる。これらの中間形体では、二つの上側部材762の一方だけが頂部材754に沿って畳まれている。
添付図面及び以上の説明には、様々な実施例のうちの幾つかの例が与えられているに過
ぎない。本発明のステントは、従来のステントと同様に見えるけれども、機械的にもたらされる結果が全く異なる。これは、同じユニットセルでの剛性区分と比較的可撓性の区分の特殊な組み合わせのためである。勿論、ユニットセルについて、図示の正弦波形状の他に、同様の特性挙動を持つ多くの他の可能な基本的形状がある。
54 第2セグメント
60、312、412 ステント
328 拡張リング
304、308、404、408 脈管
Claims (8)
- 拡張可能な装置において、少なくとも一つのユニットセルを含み、このユニットセルは、少なくとも二つの異なるセグメントから形成されており、一方のセグメントは比較的可撓性であり、他方のセグメントは比較的剛性であり、これら2つの異なるセグメントは、比較的剛性のセグメントが比較的可撓性のセグメントの一方の主方向での変形を妨げるように機械的に連結されており、その結果、比較的可撓性のセグメントが第1の安定状態から第2の安定状態へ移行するために、セグメントの長さ方向に沿って撓むことにより、或る程度安定した第1の畳まれた形状と或る程度安定した第2の拡張された形状との間で、前記第1主方向に対してほぼ垂直な他方の主方向に変形できる構造が形成される、ことを特徴とする拡張可能な装置。
- 複数の安定形体を持つ拡張可能な装置において、相互連結された複数のセルを有し、各セルは所定のセル構造を有し、これらのセルは、複数の安定形体を持つ多安定ばねシステムの形態のセル構造を形成するように相互連結された比較的剛性の第1区分及び比較的可撓性の第2区分を含み、前記第2区分は、更に、互いに対して独立に撓むことができる少なくとも三つの相互連結された部分を形成するように、前記第2区分上に配置された少なくとも第1のヒンジと第2のヒンジを備えており、前記第1区分と前記第2区分は、前記比較的剛性の第1区分が前記第2区分の一方の主方向での変形を妨げるように機械的に連結されており、その結果、前記第2区分が、第1の安定状態から前記第1及び第2ヒンジのうち少なくとも一方が前記セルを少なくとも部分的に開くように屈曲することにより変形する少なくとも一つの中間形体としての第2の安定状態へ移行するために、前記第2区分の長さ方向に沿って撓むことにより、他方の主方向に変形できる多安定ばね構造が形成され、更に、前記第2区分が、前記第2の安定状態から前記第1及び第2ヒンジが前記セルを更に開くように屈曲することによって共に変形する少なくとも一つの第3の安定状態へ移行するために、前記第2区分の長さ方向に沿って撓むことにより、前記他の主方向に更に変形できる多安定ばね構造が形成される、拡張可能な装置。
- 一つ又はそれ以上のユニットセルを備える拡張可能な装置であって、前記拡張可能な装置の各ユニットセルは、複数の安定した畳まれた形体と複数の安定した拡張形体を有し、
前記ユニットセルのうち一つ又はそれ以上が細いストラットと太いストラットを備えており、前記太いストラットは、前記細いストラットの太さよりも大きな太さを有し、前記細いストラットは、少なくとも安定した畳まれた形体と安定した拡張形体との間で移行するように構成されており、
各ユニットセルは、初めに、外方への力が加えられた際に第1の安定した畳まれた状態から移行位置へ拡張されるようになされており、前記移行位置を超えると、各ユニットセルは、前記第1の安定した畳まれた形体から前記移行位置へ前記ユニットセルを拡張させるために加えられた初めの力よりも小さい力によって、更に第1の安定した拡張形体に拡張されるようになされている、拡張可能な装置。 - 一つ又はそれ以上のユニットセルを備える拡張可能な装置であって、前記一つ又はそれ以上のユニットセルの各々は、第1の安定状態と第2の安定状態を有しており、
前記第2の安定状態における各セルの領域は、前記第1の安定状態における各セルの領域よりも大きく、
各セルは、負のばね率を有し、これにより、前記装置が熱を吸収することを必要とすることなく、各ユニットセルを前記第2の安定状態に向けて更に拡張させるために必要な力は、前記ユニットセルの前記第1の安定状態から前記第2の安定状態へ向けての変位量が均衡直径を超えて増加するに従って、減少するようになされており、
前記セルは、前記拡張可能な装置が複数の安定状態を有するように構成されている、拡張可能な装置。 - 拡張可能な装置を用いて通路の表面に対して半径方向の力を加える方法であって、前記方法は、
全体に長さ方向に延びる第1波形部材と全体に長さ方向に延びる第2波形部材を備える複数のセルを有する拡張可能な装置を提供する工程であって、少なくとも一つのセルは、前記第1及び第2波形部材が全体に同相にある安定した収縮状態と、前記第1及び第2波形部材が全体に異なる相にある少なくとも一つの安定した拡張状態との間で拡張可能である、工程と、
前記複数のセルを拡張させるように前記拡張可能な装置を半径方向に拡張する工程であって、前記複数のセルは、該複数のセルを更に拡張させるために追加の力が必要とされない前記複数のセルの形状を画定する移行位置まで拡張される、工程と、
前記拡張可能な装置が前記通路の表面に対して拡張するように、前記複数のセルを、前記移行位置を超えて前記少なくとも一つの拡張状態へ、追加の力を加えることなく拡張し続けさせる工程と、を備えており、
前記セルが前記収縮状態から前記少なくとも一つの安定した拡張状態へ移行するとき、前記第1及び第2波形部材のうち一方はその形状を実質的に保持する、方法。 - 通路の支持されない部分を安定化する方法であって、前記方法は、
一つ又はそれ以上のセルを有する拡張可能な装置を提供する工程であって、前記セルの各々は、第1及び第2の円弧状部材を備える、工程と、
前記装置を、第1の安定状態で前記通路内の位置に配置する工程と、
前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルを拡張させるように前記拡張可能な装置に半径方向の力を加える工程であって、前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルは、該一つ又はそれ以上のセルを更に拡張させるために追加の力が必要とされない前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルの形状を画定する移行位置まで拡張される、工程と、
前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルを、追加の力を加えることなく、前記移行位置を超えて拡張し続けさせる工程と、を備えており、
前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルが前記移行位置を超えて拡張するとき、前記第1の円弧状部材の少なくとも一部が、全体に凹型の形状から全体に凸型の形状に変化する、方法。 - 通路の一部を隔離する方法であって、前記方法は、
前記通路内に、一つ又はそれ以上のセルにより形成される拡張可能な多安定装置を挿入する工程であって、前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルは、前記拡張可能な装置が収縮状態と少なくとも一つの拡張状態との間で選択的に操作されることを許容し、前記セルの各々は、第1及び第2の波形部分を備えている、工程と、
前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルを拡張させる工程であって、前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルは、前記第1及び第2の波形部分が同相にある安定した畳まれた形体から、該一つ又はそれ以上のセルを更に拡張させるために追加の力が必要とされない前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルの形状を画定する移行位置まで拡張される、工程と、
前記一つ又はそれ以上のセルを、追加の力を加えることなく、前記移行位置を超えて、前記第1及び第2の波形部分が異なる相にある安定した拡張形体まで拡張し続けさせる工程であって、前記安定した畳まれた形体と前記安定した拡張形体との間に安定した形体が存在しない、工程と、
前記通路の一部を前記拡張可能な装置で隔離する工程と、を備える方法。 - 通路内で拡張可能な装置を拡張する方法であって、前記方法は、
少なくとも一つのセルを有する拡張可能な装置を提供する工程であって、前記少なくとも一つのセルは、少なくとも一つの第1部材及び少なくとも一つの第2部材を備え、前記第2部材の少なくとも一部は、前記第1部材よりも柔軟である、工程と、
前記拡張可能な装置を通路内に位置決めする工程と、
前記少なくとも一つのセルを拡張させるように前記拡張可能な装置に半径方向外方への力を加える工程であって、前記少なくとも一つのセルは、該少なくとも一つのセルの形状を画定する移行位置まで拡張され、該移行位置を超えると前記少なくとも一つのセルを更に拡張させるために追加の力は必要とされず、前記少なくとも一つのセルの少なくとも一部は、前記移行位置において全体に凹型の状態と全体に凸型の状態の間を移動する、工程と、
前記少なくとも一つのセルを、追加の力を加えることなく前記移行位置を超えて拡張し続けさせる工程と、を備える方法。
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| US3635997P | 1997-01-24 | 1997-01-24 | |
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| JP53214498A Expired - Lifetime JP4087905B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 1998-01-23 | ステント及び他の医療装置用の双安定ばね構造 |
| JP2007334153A Expired - Lifetime JP5063335B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 2007-12-26 | 医療装置 |
| JP2011079129A Expired - Lifetime JP5586517B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 2011-03-31 | 医療装置 |
| JP2013051784A Expired - Lifetime JP5680686B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 2013-03-14 | 医療装置 |
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| JP53214498A Expired - Lifetime JP4087905B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 1998-01-23 | ステント及び他の医療装置用の双安定ばね構造 |
| JP2007334153A Expired - Lifetime JP5063335B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 2007-12-26 | 医療装置 |
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