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EP3097996A1 - Procede de chauffage d'un dispositif et/ou d'un objet garni de briques refractaires - Google Patents

Procede de chauffage d'un dispositif et/ou d'un objet garni de briques refractaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3097996A1
EP3097996A1 EP16171836.6A EP16171836A EP3097996A1 EP 3097996 A1 EP3097996 A1 EP 3097996A1 EP 16171836 A EP16171836 A EP 16171836A EP 3097996 A1 EP3097996 A1 EP 3097996A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lining
heating
temperature gradient
energy source
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16171836.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3097996B1 (fr
Inventor
Thanh Phong Bui
Fabian Krause
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Group GmbH
Original Assignee
SMS Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102015213111.4A external-priority patent/DE102015213111A1/de
Application filed by SMS Group GmbH filed Critical SMS Group GmbH
Publication of EP3097996A1 publication Critical patent/EP3097996A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3097996B1 publication Critical patent/EP3097996B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
    • B22D41/01—Heating means
    • B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/0014—Devices for monitoring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/0021—Devices for monitoring linings for wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0068—Containers
    • F27D2005/0075—Pots, e.g. slag pots, ladles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F27D2099/004—Heating elements or systems using burners directed upon the charge, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heating a bricked-up device according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a method for heating an article according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • Heating masonry from bricked-up equipment e.g. Pans in the field of steelmaking are conventionally made taking into account a predetermined temperature curve prescribed by the bricklaying industry.
  • Such predetermined temperature curves can be realized in practice by a suitable adjustment of the thermal performance of a burner or by the regulation of the air ratio of the burner.
  • DE 199 35 451 A1 shows a pan preheating system and pan preheating method in which the heat input rate to the pan is calculated and monitored over the entire preheat period.
  • the variable average slope representing the change in the heat supply rate with the lapse of time is calculated.
  • the variable average slope is corrected for unavoidable variations in the heat input rate measurements.
  • the change in the variable average slope is calculated with the passage of time, based on which the pan's operational readiness is then displayed, when this variable average slope falls below a set point criterion indicative of a fully preheated pan.
  • the technology according to DE 199 35 451 A1 thus serves to realize an accurate indication of when a refractory lining or lining a pan evenly warmed - and thus ready for use - is. However, specific parameters relating to the material of the lining of a ladle are not taken into account.
  • WO 2008/154595 A2 discloses a method for heating pans for steelmaking.
  • the temperature during the heating process is changed by controlling a burner of a heating unit based on measurements of the refractory material of the pan.
  • the heating unit comprises a valve mechanism with which a flame size of the burner of the heating unit during idling of the heating process can be varied.
  • a ladle heating system in which a temperature sensor is mounted in a ladle lid to measure the temperature inside the ladle.
  • the signal from the temperature sensor which indicates the temperature inside the ladle, is received by a controller.
  • the controller controls an energy source of the heating system so that the interior of the pan can be controlled by a preset temperature.
  • KR 20130075280 A discloses a heating system for a ladle comprising a lid, a burner, a photography device and an output part.
  • the burner heats the inner surface of an interior of a pan by directing a flame into the interior.
  • the photography device captures images of the interior surface of the interior of the pan to create thermal images of the interior interior surface and thereby calculate the interior surface temperature of the interior.
  • the output part outputs the thermal images and the surface temperature of the interior.
  • Fig. 6 shows a diagram of the prior art for a heating curve T B , in conjunction with a temperature gradient, which forms in the lining of a ladle when they are heated.
  • This temperature gradient is formed between a surface of the lining and a portion of the lining which is, for example, 10 mm from the surface.
  • the diagram of Fig. 6 illustrates that on the one hand, the heating curve T B increases linearly and uniformly, and on the other hand, the temperature gradient, as evidenced by the temperature curves with respect to the surface of the lining and a point, which as explained is about 10 mm from the surface increases, with increasing temperature of the power source increases.
  • the increase in this temperature gradient is due to the fact that the temperature increase within the lining (T inside ) in relation to the temperature increase at the surface of the lining (T surface ) "lags", or increases only with a delay. With such a temperature development within the lining a desired reduction of heating times is either limited or not possible.
  • the invention has the object, the heating of a bricked device or an object more efficient - namely with a shortened heating time to reach a predetermined target temperature - and at the same time to make gentle for the material of the lining or object.
  • the method of the present invention is for heating a bricked device in which the lining of the device is heated by an energy source.
  • the energy source is controlled during the heating of the lining until it reaches a predetermined target bricking temperature as a function or as a function of a predetermined target value for a temperature gradient which forms within the bricklaying or adjusts therein.
  • the predetermined setpoint value for this temperature gradient is determined taking into account at least one material characteristic value of the lining, wherein such a material characteristic value of the lining consists of a group of characteristic values formed from specific heat capacity c p , thermal conductivity ( ⁇ ), density ( ⁇ ) and / or maximum permissible thermal stress ( ⁇ Tmax ) is selected.
  • the invention is based on the essential finding that the heating of the lining of a bricked-up device takes place with knowledge or consideration of at least one material property or material characteristic value of the lining, namely specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, density and / or maximum permissible thermal stress the lining.
  • the predetermined setpoint value for the temperature gradient can be determined, which must be adhered to for heating up the lining and serves as the basis for the control of the energy source. This makes it possible, the amount of energy, which is to be brought into the lining for their heating, to maximize in time.
  • a maximum allowable thermal stress is ensured according to the present invention reliably that when heating the lining maximum allowable thermal stresses within the lining are not exceeded and accordingly the stone material of the lining is not damaged.
  • the knowledge or consideration of a maximum allowable thermal stress for the material of the lining, in conjunction with a process control in which a maximum allowable thermal stress is not exceeded advantageously leads to a gentle material heating and to an increase in service life, eg for ladles or the like.
  • the heating curve for heating the lining depending on its thickness, e.g. of a radial thickness of the lining in a ladle or the like.
  • a temperature gradient generated therein can be detected during heating of the lining, which is then used as a control variable for controlling the energy source.
  • the detection of a temperature gradient that forms within the lining provides information about a temporally and locally local thermal condition of the lining. Based on this information, it is advantageously possible according to the present invention to regulate the energy source for heating the lining accordingly.
  • At least one sensor device is arranged for detecting the temperature gradient generated in the lining.
  • the energy source with such a sensor device is then metrologically via a Connected controlled system, wherein the energy source is controlled in dependence of the measured values of the sensor device and as a function of the predetermined setpoint value for the temperature gradient.
  • a type of sensor device disposed within the lining advantageously enables the provision of accurate information regarding the temporal and local local thermal state of the lining, which then permits suitable regulation of the energy source for heating the lining. This is particularly advantageous for determining the wear state of a ladle, or for unknown material values of a ladle or its lining.
  • the sensor device it is desirable that it also detects a temperature directly on a surface of the lining, which is adjacent to the action of the energy source, and for example, directly adjacent to a flame of a burner or the like. In this way, a temperature gradient can be detected by the sensor device for the lining, which adjusts during heating of the lining between a surface of the lining, which adjoins the action of the energy source, and an inner region of the lining.
  • the energy source can be controlled such that when heating the lining a temperature gradient generated therein assumes a constant value until reaching the target temperature for the lining.
  • the energy source can be controlled in such a way that, when the brick lining is heated, a temperature gradient generated therein does not exceed the predetermined target value for the temperature gradient. This advantageously ensures that damage to the material of the lining is avoided in any case, in particular in that the maximum permissible thermal stresses for the lining are not exceeded.
  • the energy source can be controlled such that during the heating of the lining a temperature gradient generated therein is at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% of the predetermined setpoint for the temperature gradient. This advantageously ensures that the amount of energy that is to be introduced into the lining is maximized in time and the resulting heating time is reduced or minimized. In this way, the lining is supplied with the amount of energy that essentially "withstands" its material without being damaged.
  • the actual temperature gradient generated within the lining may either be constant, or alternatively may have a time-varying value.
  • the temperature gradient it is possible for the temperature gradient to have an arbitrary temporal change for the entire duration of the heating of the lining or for a portion of this period.
  • Such a temporal change of the temperature gradient is achieved by a suitable control of the energy source, wherein the temperature gradient that forms in the lining, either smaller than the corresponding predetermined setpoint is selected, or briefly greater than this setpoint.
  • the actual temperature gradient within the lining in one area between 40% and 120% of the predetermined setpoint for the temperature gradient fluctuates.
  • the control of the energy source for heating the lining takes place as a function of a database in which measured values relating to predetermined materials for the lining are stored.
  • a database in which measured values relating to predetermined materials for the lining are stored.
  • At least one temperature sensor is arranged in the interior of the bricked-up device, by which a temperature within the interior of the bricked-up device is measured during heating of the lining and corresponding data is then sent to the database.
  • the control of the energy source on the basis of data which have been determined by means of preliminary tests and stored in the database, it is also possible to calculate the data for controlling the energy source simultaneously, namely on the basis of the data of the sensor device (for determining a temperature gradient within the lining) and / or the temperature sensor (for determining a temperature in the interior of the bricked facility that is to be heated).
  • a bricked-up device which is intended or required to be heated may, for example, be an oven, a ladle, a converter, a distributor or the like.
  • this may be a burner with which a so-called pan fire for heating the lining of, for example, a ladle is generated.
  • the heating process for a bricked-out device is understood to be a tuned system of heat source and walled-up device to be heated, with the aim of achieving the fastest possible heating to the predetermined target temperature without, as already explained, the life of the heat to be heated Wall lining is reduced.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the present invention is that it can be implemented with existing technical facilities.
  • a suitable program-technical device is required, as explained, an energy source for heating the lining as a function of a to drive predetermined setpoint for the temperature gradient generated within the lining.
  • the invention also relates to a method for heating such an article to be heated, wherein the article is heated by an energy source.
  • the energy source is controlled during heating of the article until reaching its target temperature as a function of a predetermined setpoint for a temperature gradient formed within the article, the predetermined setpoint for that temperature gradient taking into account at least one material characteristic of the article formed from its specific heat capacity c p , thermal conductivity ⁇ , density ⁇ and / or maximum allowable thermal stress ⁇ Tmax is determined.
  • the temperature gradient formed during heating of the article therein may be detected by a suitable sensor device and then used as a controlled variable for driving the energy source.
  • the target time point at which the lining of the bricked-up device or the article to be heated is to reach the predetermined target temperature is displaced during heating, e.g. 30 minutes earlier or later.
  • the energy source suitably changed, so that then the heating process is adapted to the changed target time and the lining of the bricked-up device or the object to be heated then reach the predetermined or desired target temperature only at this modified target time.
  • the temperature gradient which is formed within the lining or the object to be heated, can be varied over time in order to achieve the desired target temperature, for example, in a shorter time.
  • Fig. 1 shows in principle greatly simplified components with which a method according to the present invention can be carried out.
  • "1" denotes a bricked-up device, which may be, for example, a ladle or the like. Without being limited thereto, the bricked-out device is always referred to as a ladle for the following explanation.
  • the ladle 1 comprises a lining 2, which can be heated in interaction with a power source 4 to a target temperature.
  • the energy source 4 may be a burner. In the following description - and without being limited thereto - the energy source 4 is always referred to only as a burner.
  • a heating of the lining 2 of the ladle 1 takes place in that a ladle fire 5 of the burner 4 is directed into an interior I of the ladle 1.
  • a cover device which may be connected to the burner 4 and closes the interior I of the ladle 1, not shown for simplicity.
  • the burner 4 is connected to a control device 6.
  • a control device 6 The meaning and operation of such a control device is explained below in detail.
  • At least one sensor device 8 is arranged, which has a first sensor 8a and a second sensor Sensor 8i has.
  • the first sensor 8a is attached to a surface 3 of the lining 2, the second sensor 8i being arranged inside the lining 2 and thus at a distance from the surface 3.
  • Both the sensor device 8 and the burner 4 are signal-wise connected to the control device 6, namely by respective data links 10, which in Fig. 1 symbolically and simplified are indicated by dashed lines.
  • These data links 10 may be realized, for example, by cable routes or by radio links.
  • the control of the burner 4 by the control device 6 takes place as a function of a predetermined setpoint for a temperature gradient, which forms within the lining in their heating process.
  • This predetermined setpoint for the temperature gradient is formed taking into account at least one material characteristic value of the lining from its specific Heat capacity c p , thermal conductivity ⁇ , density ⁇ and / or maximum allowable thermal stress ⁇ Tmax determined.
  • the signals of the sensor device 8, ie information for the temperature gradient, which is set within the lining 2 during heating by the burner 4, for the operation of the burner 4 as Controlled variable is used.
  • the temperature gradient generated within the lining 2 is simplified in principle in the diagram of FIG Fig. 2 represented by the temperature curve Ta of the first sensor 8a (on the surface 3 of the lining 2) and the temperature curve Ti of the second sensor 8b (at a location within the lining 2, namely spaced from the surface 3).
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the present invention and for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a database DB is provided, which is signal-technically connected to the control device 6.
  • measured values can be stored with respect to predetermined materials for the lining 2 of a particular ladle 1, which have been determined, for example, in preliminary tests.
  • the burner 4 can be suitably controlled or regulated by the control device 6 taking into consideration the entries in the database DB.
  • a temperature sensor 12 is arranged, which is connected by signal technology with the database DB.
  • temperature signals detected by the temperature sensor 12 with respect to the interior I of the ladle 1 may be suitably transmitted to the database DB and stored therein.
  • one Operation of the burner 4 also possible taking into account the information that has been determined by means of the temperature sensor 12 for the interior I of the ladle 1.
  • a method according to the present invention it is possible to significantly shorten the heating time for, for example, a ladle 1 or the like, thus achieving a predetermined target temperature for the lining 2 of the ladle 1 in a shorter time.
  • a target temperature Z to which a required heating is performed is indicated by a horizontal dotted line.
  • a heating time achieved by the present invention is represented by a solid line. In comparison, heating times according to the prior art are shown both by a dashed line and by a dotted line.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates that it is possible with the method according to the present invention, at least to halve or even reduce to a shorter time until now feasible heating times for ladles.
  • Fig. 5 Possible curves of a temperature gradient dT / dx are in Fig. 5 shown, namely in the lower part of it. Herein in each case with continuous solid line, dashed line and dash-dotted line different possible curves are symbolized for the temperature gradient. These curves are consistent with the temperature curves Ti and Ta Fig. 2 correlated during the heating of the lining 2 and in the upper figure of Fig. 5 are shown. Herein it is indicated that the heating is divided into three time periods or phases I, II and III.
  • the temperature gradient may assume a constant value during the heating phase II. Due to the process, the growth of the lining 2 for the temperature curve Ti in phase I results in a delayed increase, and in phase III a delayed decrease.
  • the energy source during the heating of the lining can be controlled such that the temperature gradient dT / dx in phase II assumes a constant value, namely runs horizontally, and thereby 100% of the predetermined setpoint (dT / dx) max .
  • the temperature gradient dT / dx varies over time during phase II.
  • the temperature gradient dT / dx may for a short time also assume a value greater than 100% of the predetermined desired value, for example for a desired shortening of the heating time. In exceptional cases, such exceeding of the predetermined target value is possible without causing the lining 2 damage.
  • Fig. 5 In the lower part of Fig. 5 is shown with the dashed line another alternative for the time course of the temperature gradient dT / dx, wherein in the phase II of the heating time, the temperature gradient dT / dx is continuously smaller than the predetermined target value (dT / dx) max selected.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
EP16171836.6A 2015-05-29 2016-05-27 Procede de chauffage d'un dispositif garni de briques refractaires Active EP3097996B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015209906 2015-05-29
DE102015213111.4A DE102015213111A1 (de) 2015-05-29 2015-07-13 Verfahren zum Aufheizen einer ausgemauerten Einrichtung und/oder eines Gegenstands

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3097996A1 true EP3097996A1 (fr) 2016-11-30
EP3097996B1 EP3097996B1 (fr) 2020-03-18

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EP16171836.6A Active EP3097996B1 (fr) 2015-05-29 2016-05-27 Procede de chauffage d'un dispositif garni de briques refractaires

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19935451A1 (de) 1998-09-04 2000-03-09 Uss Eng & Consult Pfannenvorwärmungs-Anzeigesystem
WO2008154595A2 (fr) 2007-06-11 2008-12-18 Nucor Corporation Procédé de préchauffage des poches de coulée d'aciérage
DE102010034315A1 (de) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 SMS Siemag AG, 40237 Verfahren zur Überwachung einer metallurgischen Anlage und metallurgische Anlage
KR20120009104A (ko) 2010-07-22 2012-02-01 주식회사 우진 래들 예열 시스템
KR20130075280A (ko) 2011-12-27 2013-07-05 주식회사 포스코 레이들
RU2493519C2 (ru) * 2011-06-28 2013-09-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью (ООО) "ЭЛТЕРТЕХНИКС" Устройство для управления руднотермической печью

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19935451A1 (de) 1998-09-04 2000-03-09 Uss Eng & Consult Pfannenvorwärmungs-Anzeigesystem
WO2008154595A2 (fr) 2007-06-11 2008-12-18 Nucor Corporation Procédé de préchauffage des poches de coulée d'aciérage
DE102010034315A1 (de) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 SMS Siemag AG, 40237 Verfahren zur Überwachung einer metallurgischen Anlage und metallurgische Anlage
KR20120009104A (ko) 2010-07-22 2012-02-01 주식회사 우진 래들 예열 시스템
RU2493519C2 (ru) * 2011-06-28 2013-09-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью (ООО) "ЭЛТЕРТЕХНИКС" Устройство для управления руднотермической печью
KR20130075280A (ko) 2011-12-27 2013-07-05 주식회사 포스코 레이들

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