EP2545790A1 - Cigarette disassembly device for filter cigarettes and cigarette disassembly machine and method for disassembling a filter cigarette - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a filter tearing roller pair (4) arranged after a clamping conveyer system (2) such that filter cigarettes are conveyed in a longitudinal direction along a conveyor path through the conveyor system and the roller pair, where conveying speed of the conveyer system is smaller than conveying speed of the roller pair. A filter tearing roller has an axle that is loaded by a spring, and the conveyor system has two opposite belt conveyors, where the cigarettes are clamped between the conveyors. A cigarette slicing device is arranged after another clamping conveyer system (2). An independent claim is also included for a method for decomposing of a filter cigarette.

Description

The invention relates to a cigarette decomposing apparatus for filter cigarettes and a cigarette decomposing machine having such a cigarette decomposing apparatus, and to a method for decomposing a filter cigarette.

In filter cigarette production with cigarette rod making machines, a certain amount of output is generated. These are cigarettes that do not meet the quality requirements due to head loss, i. too little tobacco in the cigarette head, or because cigarettes do not pass a so-called negative pressure test. The expelled cigarettes contain valuable tobacco, which one would like to reclaim, in order to feed it back into the production process.

In the past, various machines have been proposed for the automated dismantling of ejection cigarettes, which are referred to inter alia as "reclaimer". In these machines, the cigarettes are either crushed or cut, and then the ingredients are separated in a stream of air or screened. The disadvantage here is that the quality of tobacco suffers in this form of decomposition. It comes to a shortening of the tobacco fibers, so that the tobacco partly decomposes into unusable tobacco dust. Another problem is the use of so-called multi-filters, some of which contain activated carbon. The activated carbon must not mix with the decomposition of the filter cigarettes with the tobacco, because the tobacco is not reusable.

Against this background, it is the object of the invention to propose a cigarette breaking device and a cigarette breaking machine with such a cigarette breaking device, in which the tobacco can be recovered as completely as possible and with high quality. Furthermore, an efficient method for the decomposition of a filter cigarette is to be shown.

The objective part of this object is initially achieved by a cigarette decomposing apparatus having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2 to 14. A cigarette breaking machine is disclosed in claim 15. The procedural part of the object is achieved by a method with the measures of claim 16.

According to the invention, after a (first) clamping conveyor a Filterabreißrollenpaar is arranged so that filter cigarettes in the longitudinal direction along a conveying path through the (first) Klemmfördereinrichtung and the Filterabreißrollenpaar are conveyed, wherein the conveying speed of the (first) clamping conveyor is smaller than the conveying speed of the Filterabreißrollenpaares.

Filter cigarettes consist of a cigarette body, to which a filter is glued. The cigarette body contains a tobacco rod, which is covered by a cigarette paper. In order to recover the tobacco rod, it is the idea of the invention to first separate the filter from the cigarette body during transport in the longitudinal direction and then possibly to disassemble the cigarette body into its components.

The filter cigarettes to be separated pass successively through the cigarette decomposing device along a conveying path. They lie in the longitudinal direction, with the filter in front. After the filter cigarette has partially passed through the first clamping conveyor, the filter is detected by the pair of filter puller rollers and torn off from the cigarette body due to the higher conveying speed of the pair of filter tamper rolls relative to the first clamping conveyor. Ideally, the filter is also ejected laterally through the pair of filter puller rolls.

Preferably, after the Filterabreißrollenpaar another, second clamping conveyor arranged so that filter cigarettes in the longitudinal direction along the conveying path through the first Klemmfördereinrichtung, the Filterabreißrollenpaar and the other, second Klemmfördereinrichtung be conveyed, wherein the conveying speed of the other, second clamping conveyor is greater than the conveying speed of the filter puller pair. When the filter cigarette having the cigarette body is first inserted into the first nip conveyor, it passes through the first nip conveyor and the filter tappet until the cigarette body is caught by the second nip conveyor and the rear filter is held by the pair of nip rollers. Again, the filter is torn off from the cigarette body due to the greater conveying speed of the further, second clamping conveyor relative to the pair of filter tearing rollers. The particular advantage of this development is that the filter cigarettes can be processed regardless of the orientation.

Preferably, the Filterabreißrollenpaar is arranged at a, preferably right, angle about the conveying path offset from the Klemmfördereinrichtungen. This makes it possible to reduce the distance between the clamp conveyers and the pair of filter puller rolls. The distance between the Klemmfördereinrichtungen should be adapted to the format of the filter cigarettes to be set, in particular their entire length and filter length.

An axis of a Filterabreißrolle may be loaded by a spring. In this way, the contact pressure of Filterabreißrollenpaars can be optimally matched to the filter cigarettes to be separated, so that the filter is securely torn off, but the cigarette body is not torn at the transition between the Klemmfördereinrichtungen and the Filterabreißrollenpaar. The surface of the filter breaker rolls is such and the contact pressure on the filter cigarettes is set so that there is no great stiction between the filter breaker rolls and the soft cigarette bodies. Thus, the filter tear off rollers slip on the cigarette bodies, if another part of the filter cigarette is additionally held by the Klemmfördereinrichtungen. At a Filterabreißrolle a clamping element may be provided to auszuschleusen a torn filter from the conveyor line. The clamping element can be designed as a clamping plate.

Conveniently, the Klemmfördereinrichtungen and the Filterabreißrollenpaar along the conveying path in profile adapted to the cylindrical shape of the filter cigarettes. For this purpose, the Klemmfördereinrichtungen and the Filterabreißrollen may each have a groove on the outer peripheral surfaces. Thus, the filter cigarettes are touched on a larger surface portion of the Klemmfördereinrichtungen or the Filterabreißrollenpaar so that less clamping pressure must be applied.

A clamping conveyor comprises two opposing belt conveyors between which the cigarettes can be clamped. Here, a belt conveyor on a drive roller and a tensioning roller. A conveyor belt is stretched around the drive pulley and the tension pulley. The conveyor belt preferably contains an elastomer. To increase the life of the conveyor belt, it may also contain fibrous reinforcing elements. The grooves in the conveyor belts are created by corresponding grooves in the drive rollers and the tension rollers. The tension rollers are mounted on sliding axles. Support elements for the conveyor belt may be provided between the drive rollers and the tension rollers. One of the belt conveyors may be displaceable relative to the other belt conveyor in order to change the distance and thus the contact pressure on the filter cigarettes.

After the second clamping conveyor device, a filter discharge device is preferably provided. Through the Filterausschleuseinrichtung the torn-off filter are discharged, which were not ejected from the Filterabreißrollenpaar laterally. In this way it is ensured that the filters are separated from the cigarette bodies. The separated filters are usually collected, pressed into briquettes and then burned. The filter discharge device has a filter recognition device, preferably comprising a laser, and a pneumatic or mechanical filter discharge device. As a filter ejection devices are in particular compressed air nozzles or ejection fingers into consideration. The filter recognition device comprises a laser and a sensor, which are arranged in a suitable position to each other to be able to distinguish between a filter and a cigarette body safely.

In a preferred embodiment, after the Filterausschleuseinrichtung another, third clamping conveyor is provided and arranged after the other, third clamping conveyor a cigarette slicer. This arrangement makes it possible to dissect the cigarette body into the tobacco rod and the cigarette paper clean.

The cigarette slicing apparatus advantageously has a rotating cutter disk for slitting the cigarette paper in the longitudinal direction of a cigarette body. The axis of rotation of the knife disk is aligned so that the cutting edge of the knife disk slits the cigarette paper sideways. Conveniently, the cigarette slicing apparatus has two opposed rotating cutter discs which cut the cigarette body on two sides, so that the cigarette paper tube is divided into two halves, which can be easily separated from the tobacco rod.

At least one cutting disc is associated with a sharpening device in an expedient manner. The sharpening device can be designed as a circular blade. Thus, the knife wheel can be sharpened during operation to increase the life of the cigarette breaker.

After the cigarette slicer, a grate for separating cigarette paper and tobacco stick may be arranged. The grate may be connected to a shaker. The cigarette paper remains lying on the grate and is discharged laterally by the shaking movements, while the tobacco immediately falls through the openings in the grate into an underlying collecting device or a collecting container. This rust also collects all tobacco paper filter particles accumulated beneath the entire device.

In front of the first clamping conveyor, a vibrating tray, preferably arranged inclined to the conveyor line direction, is arranged, which has at least one channel for feeding filter cigarettes to the first clamping conveyor. A large number of ejection filter cigarettes can be tipped on the vibrating floor. By the vibration and the gutter the filter cigarettes are then aligned and fed in succession to the cigarette disintegrating device. The vibrating floor can be made of sheet metal. The dimensions of the sheet can be 1000 mm * 2000 mm.

Above the vibrating floor, a deflector is preferably arranged. The deflector may be formed as a transverse plate or cross plate. The task of deflectors is to dissipate filter cigarettes that have not come to rest in the gutter, but lie across them laterally.

The invention further comprises a cigarette breaking machine in which a plurality of cigarette breaking devices are arranged parallel and / or offset from one another. A multi-gutter vibrating tray may supply each filter cigarette to the individual cigarette disintegrating apparatuses. The cigarette breaker has a high throughput due to the parallel processing.

Alternatively, it is conceivable to arrange a cigarette decomposing device immediately following a cigarette machine. Filter cigarettes that have failed the Qualtitätstest can then be disassembled immediately and the tobacco of the cigarette machine to be fed again.

The inventive method for cutting a filter cigarette comprises the following steps: separating a filter from a cigarette body and then breaking the cigarette body into tobacco rod and cigarette paper. The separation is preferably carried out with a clamping conveyor and a Filterabreißrollenpaar. The disassembly is accomplished by slitting the cigarette paper in the longitudinal direction of the cigarette body. Here, cutting discs can be used.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtung;

Fig. 2 und 3

eine Klemmfördereinrichtung;

Fig. 4

die Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtung im Ausschnitt;

Fig. 5 und 6

die Filterabtrennung mit einer Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1, wobei die Zigarette mit dem Zigarettenkörper vorne eingelegt ist;

Fig. 7 und 8

die Filterabtrennung mit einer Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1, wobei die Zigarette mit dem Zigarettenkörper hinten eingelegt ist;

Fig. 9

eine Darstellung zur Ausschleusung der abgetrennten Filter;

Fig. 10

die Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtung mit Ausschleuseinrichtung;

Fig. 11 und 12

mehrere Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtungen, die parallel und versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind;

Fig. 13

eine Zigarettenzerlegemaschine mit mehreren Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtungen und einem vorgeschalteten Vibrationsboden mit Abweiser; und

Fig. 14

eine Zigarettenzerlegemaschine mit mehreren Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtungen und einem vorgeschalteten Vibrationsboden mit Abweiser und nachgeschalteter Zigarettenkörperzerlegung.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the figure. Show it:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of the cigarette decomposing device;

FIGS. 2 and 3

a clamping conveyor;

Fig. 4

the cigarette decomposing device in the cutting;

FIGS. 5 and 6

the filter separation with a cigarette decomposing device according to Fig. 1 wherein the cigarette is inserted with the cigarette body in front;

FIGS. 7 and 8

the filter separation with a cigarette decomposing device according to Fig. 1 wherein the cigarette is inserted with the cigarette body behind;

Fig. 9

a representation of the discharge of the separated filter;

Fig. 10

the cigarette decomposing device with discharge means;

FIGS. 11 and 12

a plurality of cigarette decomposing devices arranged in parallel and offset from each other;

Fig. 13

a cigarette breaking machine with a plurality of cigarette decomposers and an upstream vibrating tray with deflector; and

Fig. 14

a cigarette breaking machine with several cigarette breakers and an upstream vibrating tray with deflector and downstream cigarette body decomposition.

In the FIGS. 1 to 14 cigarette disintegrants 1 according to the invention are shown. The cigarette decomposing devices 1 each comprise two clamping conveyors 2, 3, between each of which a filter stripper pair 4 is arranged. Filter cigarettes 5 are individually successively in the longitudinal direction LR with the filter 6 or the cigarette body 7 first conveyed along a conveying path FS through the Klemmfördereinrichtungen 2, 3 and the Filterabreißrollenpaar 4 therethrough. The conveying speeds of the clamping conveyors 2, 3 and the Filterabreißrollenpaares 4 increase in the conveying direction FSR.

The clamping conveyors 2, 3 each consist of two opposed belt conveyors 21, 22. The belt conveyors 21, 22 comprise a drive roller 23 and a tension roller 24, around which a conveyor belt 25 is tensioned. The drive roller 23 and the tension roller 24 have circumferentially grooves 26, so that the conveyor belt 25 assumes an arcuate, adapted to the filter cigarettes 5 cross-sectional shape. Between the drive roller 23 and the tension roller 24, each conveyor belt 25 is supported by a support member 27. On the support elements 27 cube-shaped supporting blocks 28 are attached laterally. The axes of the tension rollers 24 are parallel to the conveying direction FSR displaced. The filter cigarettes 5 are each clamped between the lower run 29 of an upper belt conveyor 21 and the upper run 30 of a lower belt conveyor 22 promoted.

The Filterabreißrollenpaar 4 is arranged at a right angle to the conveyor line FS offset from the Klemmfördereinrichtungen 2, 3. The filter tear-off rollers 40 each have on the peripheral side 41 a groove 42, which is adapted to the peripheral shape of a cylindrical filter cigarette 5. The axis 43 of a Filterabreißrolle 40 may be acted upon by a spring.

After a filter cigarette 5 has partially passed the first clamping conveyor 2, 3, it is gripped by the pair of filter tappets 4. If, as in FIGS. 5 and 6 shown, the filter cigarette 5 is conveyed to the cigarette body 7 first, the cigarette body 7 passes the Filter Abreißrollenpaar 4 and is detected by the second clamping conveyor 3. Due to the lower conveying speed, ie circumferential speed, of the pair of filter-separating rollers 4 relative to the second clamping conveyor 3, the filter 6 adhered to the cigarette body 7 is torn off and ejected laterally from the filter-separating rollers 4. If a filter cigarette 5 with the filter 6 is first inserted into the cigarette disintegrating device 1, the filter 6 is accordingly first picked up by the pair of filter tear off rollers 4 and torn off by the cigarette body 7 still held by the first clamping device 2. This is in FIGS. 7 and 8 shown. Again, the filter 6 is ejected laterally from the Filterabreißrollen 4.

In the event that the filter 6 is not ejected laterally from the filter tear-off rollers 4, a filter discharge device 91 is provided following the second clamping conveyor 3, see Fig. 9 and 10 , The filter discharge device 91 has a filter recognition device 92 with a laser, which is arranged at a right angle to the conveying path FS. As a pneumatic filter ejector 93, a compressed air nozzle is provided, can be blown vertically from above on a recognized filter 6, a compressed air blast to push the filter 6 down from the conveyor line FS.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a Zigarettenzerlegemaschine 111 with a total of six parallel and staggered cigarette decomposition devices 1, in which the conveyor lines FS are each offset by a distance A to each other in a plane. This arrangement is particularly space-saving view of the Filterabreißrollenpaare 4. A plurality of filter cigarettes 5 can be processed in parallel to each other. In this way, the cigarette breaking machine 111 has a high throughput.

Fig. 13 shows a development 131 of the cigarette breaking machine 111 of FIGS. 11 and 12 , In this figure, a vibrating tray 132 in the form of a vibrating plate is disposed in front of the cigarette decomposing apparatuses 1. The vibrating floor 132 is inclined relative to the conveying path FS by an angle α of 2 ° to 35 °. The vibrating floor 132 is displaced by an eccentric not shown in detail with a frequency of, for example 50 Hz in horizontal and vertical vibrations. The vibrating floor 132 has a total of six grooves 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138 in adaptation to the six Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtungen 1. Basically, however, the number of gutters and the cigarette breakers is arbitrary. Through the vibrating floor 132, the filter cigarettes 5 come in the grooves 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138 to lie. Filter cigarettes 139, which are transverse, are laterally removed by a deflector 140 arranged above the vibration floor 132. The deflector 140 is a transverse plate made of a metal sheet. The deflector 140 is rotated by an angle β of 10 ° to 80 ° about a vertical axis VA relative to the conveyor line FS.

In Fig. 14 is again a development 141 of the embodiment 131 of Fig. 13 presented the cigarette machine. In this expansion stage, the device is referred to as cigarette breaking machine 141. After the filter discharge device 91, a third clamping conveyor 142 is provided on each cigarette decomposing device 1. In the third clamping conveyor 142 protrudes end a pair of blades 143 as a cigarette slicer 144 in the conveyor line FS to cut the cigarette body on two sides. The arrangement of these rotating cutter discs 143 is selected so that their axis 145 in the conveying direction FSR is not arranged behind the axes 146 of the rear rollers 147 of the third clamping conveyor 142. When the cigarette body is conveyed by the third clamp conveyor 142, the cigarette body 7 is first cut open. Thereafter, the cigarette paper 148 still slightly adheres to the conveyor belt 149 of the third clamping conveyor 142 and is deflected due to the deflection by the rear rollers 147 up or down and separated in this way from tobacco rod 150. Tobacco stick 150 and cigarette paper 148 then fall on a not shown in detail Schüttelrost. The tobacco rod 150 falls through the openings of the Schüttelrostes in a collecting device. The cigarette paper 148 is removed laterally by the shaking grate. The shaking grate has an inclination relative to the conveyor line FS.

In order to keep the cutter discs 143 continuously in a sharp state, the cutter discs 143 are associated with rotary blades as sharpening devices.

reference numeral

1 -

Zigarettenzerlegevorrichtung

2 -

1. clamping conveyor

3 -

2. clamping conveyor

4 -

Filterabreißrollenpaar

5 -

filter cigarette

6 -

filter

7 -

cigarette body

21 -

belt conveyors

22 -

belt conveyors

23 -

capstan

24 -

idler

25 -

conveyor belt

26 -

grooves

27 -

support element

28 -

support block

29 -

strand

30 -

obertrum

40 -

Filterabreißrolle

41 -

Peripheral side of 40

42 -

groove

43 -

axis

91 -

Filterausschleuseinrichtung

92 -

Filter recognizer

93 -

Filter ejector

111 -

Zigarettenzerlegemaschine

131 -

Zigarettenzerlegemaschine

132 -

vibrating base

133 -

gutter

134 -

gutter

135 -

gutter

136 -

gutter

137 -

gutter

138 -

gutter

139 -

filter cigarette

140 -

deflector

141 -

Zigarettenzerlegemaschine

142 -

3. clamping conveyor

143 -

diameter disc

144 -

Zigarettenaufschneidevorrichtung

145 -

axes

146 -

axis

147 -

role

148 -

cigarette paper

149 -

conveyor belt

150 -

tobacco rod

LR -

Longitudinal direction of 5

FS -

conveyor line

FSR -

Conveyor line direction

α -

angle

β -

angle

VA -

Vertical axis

Claims (16)

Cigarette decomposing apparatus for filter cigarettes, wherein after a clamping conveyor (2) a Filterabreißrollenpaar (4) is arranged so that filter cigarettes (5) in the longitudinal direction (LR) along a conveying path (FS) through the clamping conveyor (2) and the Filterabreißrollenpaar (4) through conveyed are, wherein the conveying speed of the clamping conveyor (2) is smaller than the conveying speed of the Filterabreißrollenpaares (4). Cigarette-decomposing device according to claim 1, characterized in that after the Filterabreißrollenpaar (4) a further Klemmfördereinrichtung (3) is arranged so that filter cigarettes (5) in the longitudinal direction (LR) along a conveying path (FS) by the clamping conveyor (2), the Filterabreißrollenpaar (4) and the further clamping conveyor (3) are conveyed through, wherein the conveying speed of the further clamping conveyor (3) is greater than the conveying speed of the Filterabreißrollenpaares (4). Cigarette decomposing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Filterabreißrollenpaar (4) to one, preferably right, angle about the conveying path (FS) offset from the Klemmfördereinrichtungen (2, 3) is arranged. Cigarette-decomposing device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an axis (43) of a Filterabreißrolle (40) is loaded by a spring. Cigarette decomposing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the clamping conveyors (2, 3) and the Filterabreißrollenpaar (4) along the conveying path (FS) in profile to the cylindrical shape of the filter cigarettes (5) are adapted adapted. Cigarette-decomposing device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a clamping conveyor (2, 3) comprises two opposite belt conveyors (21, 22) between which the filter cigarettes (5) can be clamped. Cigarette-decomposing device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a filter discharge device (91) is provided after the second clamping conveyor (3). Cigarette decomposing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the filter discharge device (91) comprises a filter recognition device (92), preferably comprising a laser, and a pneumatic or mechanical filter discharge device (93). Cigarette decomposing apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that after the Filterausschleuseinrichtung (93), a further Klemmfördereinrichtung (142) is provided and after the further Klemmfördereinrichtung (142) a cigarette slicing device (144) is arranged. Cigarette decomposing apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the cigarette slicing apparatus (144) comprises a rotating knife disc (143) for slitting the cigarette paper (148) in the longitudinal direction (LR) of a cigarette body (7). Cigarette decomposing apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the cigarette slicing apparatus (144) comprises two opposed rotating cutter discs (143). Cigarette-decomposing device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one knife disc (143) is associated with a sharpening device. Cigarette-decomposing device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that after the cigarette slicing device (144) a grate for separating cigarette paper (148) and tobacco rod (150) is arranged. Cigarette-decomposing device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that in front of the first clamping conveyor (2) a, preferably by an angle (α) inclined to the conveyor line direction (FSR) arranged vibrating bottom (132) is arranged, the at least one groove (133 -138) for supplying filter cigarettes (5) to the first clamping conveyor (2). Cigarette breaking machine, in which a plurality of cigarette decomposition devices (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14 are arranged parallel and / or offset from each other. Method for cutting a filter cigarette (5), comprising the following steps: Separating a filter (6) from a cigarette body (7) and then cutting the cigarette body (7) into tobacco rod (150) and cigarette paper (148).

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