EP0991840B2 - Door actuating system - Google Patents

Abstract

A door actuating system for the leaf of a fire door includes a safety fuse that detaches the fixture between the housing of the door actuating system and an arm on the door or the door frame, which then falls on the floor and are no longer in contact with the hot surface of the door. Plastic screws and plastic bushings accomodating metals screws or assembly plates made of plastic or similar materials can be used as the safety fuse.

Description

The invention relates to a door drive with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Also known are door drives with closing spring as energy storage and hydraulically damped closing movement, in which the closing spring cooperates with a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit. The piston-cylinder unit and the closing spring are arranged in a housing and act via a rack and a pinion or a cam gear with a rotatably mounted in the housing closer shaft which is connected directly or via a force-transmitting linkage with the door. When the sash is opened manually, the energy store is charged and subsequently discharged again when the door is closed automatically. Each time the door is opened and closed, hydraulic fluid is exchanged between the two piston compartments by the operation of the piston. Such a constructed manual door closer is for example from the DE 36 38 353 A1 known.

Furthermore, electro-hydraulic door drives are known, which are constructed similar to the door closer just described, but in addition have an electric hydraulic pump for motor opening, such as in the DE 40 02 747 A1 described.

As a force-transmitting linkage scissors linkage or Gleitarmgestänge be used in practice in such a constructed drives. There are versions that are mounted on the door leaf or on the frame.

The use of such known hydraulic door drives on fire and fire doors is not a problem because of the flammability of the hydraulic medium. To this end, it must be ensured so far that a drive mounted on the side facing away from the fire of a door does not leak even in the event of a strong heat generation caused by a fire. Escaping hydraulic oil would ignite directly on a hot door and promote further spread of the fire. Due to the high demands on the tightness, the production of the door drives is relatively expensive. In addition, the use of low-melting materials such. Plastic for the door closer housing.

In the DE 195 15 169 A1 , which was used to delineate the invention, it is proposed to use fusible fasteners in the form of plastic melt screws for mounting door closers on the side facing away from fire in the event of fire doors fire doors to achieve that melts in the case of fire, the fixing member and the door closer falling off the door. This means that the door closer therefore falls off the door even before a warming of the door closer housing takes place at the hot door in case of fire. If the door closer were left on the hot door, it could cause the door closer housing attached to the door to burst, causing the oil in the door closer housing to leak and ignite.

The object of the invention is to develop a door drive that can be used on fire doors and dissolves early in heat development by fire from the door.

The object is achieved by the subject of claim 1.

The release of the fastening prevents the door closer, or an inflammable medium in the door closer, from being ignited on the hot door on the side of the door which is remote from the fire. Flammable media can z. B. in transmissions, clutches, damping devices.

This flammable medium may be hydraulic oil of a hydraulic damping device, a hydraulic transmission or a hydraulic clutch, as well as other flammable media suitable for use in such devices.

The use of the highly thermally conductive attachment member ensures that the fuse melts in case of fire with appropriate heat and that the drive housing can be solved by the door leaf or the door frame automatically, for. drops. Preferably, plastic is used to perform the fuse. However, low melting point metal may also be used, e.g. with melting temperature less than 300 ° C.

The attachment member, which is made of highly heat-conductive and not or only at high temperature greater than 300 ° C, in particular greater than 500 ° C melting material may be formed of metal, in particular copper or steel.

The high heat conduction of the attachment member ensures that in case of fire, the heat transfer from the hot door to the fuse is high, i. a lot of heat is transported quickly to melt the fuse quickly and safely.

At room temperature, the fuse secures a frictional connection between the drive housing and the door leaf, or the door frame. At temperatures above 300 ° C, the plastic begins to melt. This also dissolves the attachment of the drive housing. The desired melting temperature can be selected by selecting the appropriate plastic or by varying its composition in a suitable manner.

It is particularly advantageous in this context, if the drive housing and / or a mounting plate of the drive housing is formed of low thermal conductivity material, such as plastic, asbestos or substitutes, ceramics, glass or composite materials of these materials to ensure that the drive housing located in the Medium, eg oil, is heated little and slowly in case of fire. This will cause heating of the oil and bursting the drive housing at least delayed, preferably prevented, as long as the drive housing is mounted on the hot fire door.

Also, the fastening device of the sliding or pivot bearing, in which the force-transmitting linkage is supported on the door frame or door, should advantageously solve in case of fire. This is done e.g. by automatically unhooking the connection to the drive housing, as soon as the drive housing from the door leaf or door frame dissolves or preferably by its own fuse of the sliding or pivot bearing. Drive housing and linkage fall in the event of fire together and early on the ground before it comes to heating the door closer or door closer housing and the oil. Without direct contact with the hot door surface, there is no longer any danger of hydraulic oil igniting.

A first prerequisite for carrying out the invention is that fastening member, with which the drive housing and the sliding or pivot bearing is mounted on the door leaf or the door frame, is made of metal.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the fuse on plastic sleeves, which are received in mounting holes of the drive housing or the rotary or sliding bearing.

The outer diameter of the sleeves is larger than the diameter of the screw head of the respective fastening screw, so that the holes in the drive housing or in the rotary or sliding bearing let the screw heads as soon as the sleeves melt in case of fire.

According to another aspect of the invention, drive housings or rotary bearings are mounted on mounting plates of high heat-insulating and / or low-melting material, e.g. Plastic attached. The mounting plates are in turn mounted on the door, or door frame. The existing of highly thermally conductive material mounting screws of the drive housing or rotary or sliding bearing engage only in the mounting plate, but not in the door frame or door. If, in case of fire, the mounting plates melt in the area of the highly thermally conductive screws, the drive housing or rotary or plain bearings lose their hold and fall to the ground.

In addition, the drive housing and / or the force transmitting linkage and / or the rotary or slide bearing may be made wholly or partly of highly heat-insulating and / or low-melting material, e.g. Be made of plastic. In this case, it is possible to dispense with further heat-insulating and / or low-melting mounting plates or the like. It result from the use of plastic for housing and linkage good heat insulation for hot in case of fire door, so that a heating of the medium located in the drive housing takes place at most very slowly.

The housing of the drive may be formed of heat-insulating material, but also, in particular, when a mounting plate made of heat-insulating material is used, made of metal.

Figur 1

eine schematische Frontansicht einer Anschlagschwenktür mit einem aufliegend montierten Gleitarmtürschließer;

Figur 2

einen Schnitt entlang Linie II - II in Figur 1 mit einer Befestigung des Türschließers über Kunststoffschrauben gemäß dem Stand der Technik;

Figur 3

einen Schnitt entlang Linie II - II in Figur 1 mit einer Sicherung der Befestigung des Türschließers über Kunststoffhülsen;

Figur 4

einen Schnitt entlang Linie II - II in Figur 1 mit einer Montage des Türschließers auf Montageplatten aus Kunststoff;

Figur 5

einen Schnitt entlang Linie II - II in Figur 1 eines Türschließers mit Kunststoffgehäuse und Kunststoffgleitschiene.

The invention is explained in more detail in the figures. Showing:

FIG. 1

a schematic front view of a stop swing door with a resting mounted Gleitarmtürschließer;

FIG. 2

a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 with a fastening of the door closer over plastic screws according to the prior art;

FIG. 3

a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 with a securing the attachment of the door closer on plastic sleeves;

FIG. 4

a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 with a mounting of the door closer on mounting plates made of plastic;

FIG. 5

a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 a door closer with plastic housing and plastic slide rail.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of a stop pivot door. The door has a door leaf 1, which is pivotally mounted on a vertical edge in bands 11 on the stationary door frame 2. The door leaf 1 is equipped with a sliding arm door closer 3 mounted on the floor.

The Gleitarmtürschließer 3 consists of a door closer housing 31, in which a closer shaft 4 is rotatably mounted. With the closer shaft 4 a sliding arm 5 is rotatably connected, which has at its free end a slider 6 which is slidably and rotatably guided in a slide rail 7. In the door closer housing 31, a closing spring not shown in the figures and a damping device is arranged, which cooperate with the closer shaft 4. The Gleitarmtürschließer 3 may be a conventionally constructed door closer 3, z. B. to a hydraulic door closer 3, as in the DE 36 38 353 A1 is described. Such a door closer 3 functions in such a way that, when the door leaf 1 is opened manually, the closing spring is tensioned by the resultant positive movement of the linkage and the closer shaft 4. The closing process is carried out automatically under the action of the closing spring. Hydraulic fluid is exchanged between the two piston working chambers of the piston-cylinder system via hydraulic channels and valves.

In the in FIG. 1 shown mounting method, the so-called blade mounting, the door closer housing 31 is mounted on the door leaf 1. Here is the slide rail 7 mounted on the frame 2. In another mounting method, not shown, the so-called head mounting, the door closer housing 31 is mounted on the frame 2, and the slide rail 7 on the door leaf 1. The assembly can be both on the hinge side, as in FIG. 1 shown, as well as done on the tape opposite side.

In alternative embodiments, instead of a Gleitarmgestänges also a Scherenarmgestänge can be used. An application of the invention is also possible on double-leaf doors, which may be additionally equipped with a closing sequence control. In addition, an application of the invention to electro-hydraulic door drives is possible, which additionally have a preferably also arranged in the drive housing hydraulic pump for motorized opening or motor-assisted opening of the door leaf 1. In the following figures, the explanation of the various embodiments of the invention takes place in each case on the hydraulic door closer 3 already described.

Door closer, or door drives 3 for use in fire and fire doors had to be so far designed so that even with heavy heating of the door closer, or door drive 3 no hydraulic fluid leaks. Unfavorably act in particular the door areas that serve to assemble the door drive 3, namely door frame 2 and wing edges, with the door closed as thermal bridges. Even on the side away from the fire, the surface temperature of the door can reach 300 ° to 400 ° C at these points. Hydraulic oil escaping through a leak would ignite immediately and promote an expansion of the fire.

According to the invention, an ignition of hydraulic medium is prevented by the fact that the door closer 3 completely dissolves in the event of fire from the hot door. For this purpose, the fastening device of the drive housing 31 and the attachment device of the linkage 5, 6, 7 together with a fuse, which ensures a stable attachment of the door closer or door drive 3 at room temperature, but melts at temperatures of about 300 ° C and the Fixing releases. Since the drive housing 31 would continue to be pressed by the force of the linkage to the hot door, the release of the attachment of the linkage is also advantageous. In the following, four alternative embodiments of the invention are presented. The FIGS. 2 to 5 each show a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 ,

FIG. 2 shows a cross section in the region of the fastening device of a hydraulic door closer 3 according to the prior art. The output shaft 4 of the door closer 3 is guided via a Gleitarmgestänge 5 with a sliding body 6 in a mounted on the frame slide 7. The slide rail 7 is screwed at its axial ends with fastening screws 33 on the frame 2.

The mounted on the door drive housing 31 is equipped at its two ends each with a mounting foot 32. Each of the two mounting feet 32 has two holes for receiving fastening screws 33, which serve to secure the drive housing 31 on the door leaf 1.

The fastening screws 33 of the drive housing 31 are made of plastic and designed as fuses. At temperatures above 300 ° C, as they occur, for example, in the event of fire on the fire side facing away from a fire door, the plastic melts and loses its load capacity. As a result of their own weight, the slide rail 7 and the door drive housing 31, including the linkage 5, 6, 7, detach from the door frame 2 or door leaf 1 and fall to the floor. Without direct contact with the hot door surface there is now no danger on the side facing away from the fire that any escaping hydraulic oil ignites. On the fire side, it is quite possible that a lying on the floor door closer 3 is detected by the fire. However, this does not mean safety danger, since in this case no spreading of the fire can take place on the side of the door 1 facing away from the fire.

FIG. 3 shows a modification of FIG. 2 , The bores for receiving the fastening screws 33 in the slide rail 7 and in the mounting feet 32 of the drive housing 31 are each provided with plastic sleeves 8. The plastic sleeves 8 in turn take the mounting screws 33 and serve as a fuse. The sleeve diameter is chosen larger than the diameter of the respective screw head. The fastening screws 33 are made of highly thermally conductive material, for example metal, in particular copper or steel, which conduct heat in the event of a fire sufficiently quickly and to the plastic sleeves designed as a fuse.

In case of fire melt in this embodiment, the plastic sleeves 8 in the mounting holes of slide rail 7 and drive housing 31 and then let the screw heads through. As already in FIG. 2 described subsequently fall the slide 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 to the ground. If these are metal screws, they remain in the door leaf 1 or in the door frame 2.

FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment, which is particularly suitable for retrofitting existing door closer 3. Here, both the slide rail 7 and the drive housing 31 are mounted on mounting plates 9 made of highly heat-insulating and low-slip plastic on the door frame 2 and the door 1. slide 7 and drive housing 31 are fastened by means of highly thermally conductive, non-melting metal mounting screws 34 on the mounting plate 9. The mounting screws 34 engage only in the respective mounting plate 9, but not in the door frame 2 and the door 1. The mounting plates 9 are in turn screwed with mounting screws 33 made of metal on the door frame 2, or door 1. In case of fire, the mounting plates 9 serve as fuses. The mounting screws 34 for attachment of the drive housing 31 and slide 7 lose their grip when melting the mounting plate 9, and as already in FIG. 2 described then fall the slide 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 to the ground. The reliable and complete melting of the fuse link is ensured by the high heat conduction of the screws.

At the in FIG. 5 Shown embodiment, both the slide rail 7 and the mounting feet of the door drive housing 31 are made of plastic and bolted in a conventional manner with metallic screws 33 on the door frame 2, and the door 1. In case of fire, the slide 7 and the mounting feet 32 act as a fuse. As already in FIG. 2 described fall the slide 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 to the ground, as soon as slide rail 7 and mounting feet 32 melt due to the development of heat and the fastening screws 33 thereby lose their hold. In this embodiment too, the highly thermally conductive and non-fusible screws ensure that the fuse in the area of the screws melts reliably and quickly.

In a further embodiment, not shown, it is possible to manufacture the entire drive housing 31 and not only its mounting feet made of plastic. For use as a fuse 8, 9, 33 is not only plastic in question. Also suitable for this are other materials which offer sufficient mechanical stability and processability at room temperature and have a low melting point.

The fastening device with the fuse proves to be advantageous for all drives that work with a flammable medium when used on fire and fire doors in a similar manner. Such media may be hydraulic oil as described above, but other media are also conceivable. The media can be used for damping the wing movement as described above in a damping device z. B. be used with piston-cylinder system. However, embodiments are also possible which have hydraulic clutches or hydraulic transmissions or clutches or transmissions with other inflammable media.

Through the use of highly thermally insulating materials for the drive housing or for the mounting plate is achieved in all embodiments, that in case of fire, the heating of the oil in the drive housing is reduced, at least delayed, so that the bursting of the housing and the escape of oil is counteracted.

List of reference numbers

1

door

11

hinge

12

door handle

2

doorframe

3

Door closer, door drive

31

drive housing

32

mounting

33

Fixing screw, first fixing means

34

Mounting screw, second fastening means

4

Output shaft, closer shaft

5

sliding arm

6

Sliding body, glider

7

slide

8th

Plastic sleeve, sleeve

9

mounting plate

Claims (10)

1. Door actuating system for the door leaf (1) of a fire-resistant door or fire-proof door, having an actuating-system housing (31),
   having a motor-driven actuating-system device, which is arranged in the actuating-system housing (31), with externally supplied power for opening and closing the door leaf (1) and/or having a restoring device which is arranged in the actuating-system housing (31), is acted upon when the door leaf (1) is opened and is designed as a power store for automatically closing the door leaf (1),
   having a damping device, which is arranged in the actuating-system housing (31), for damping the closing and/or opening movement of the door leaf,
   having an output element (4) which interacts with the motor-driven actuating-system device and/or the restoring device and/or the damping device and is mounted in the actuating-system housing (31),
   having a force-transmitting linkage (5) which, on the one hand, is connected to the output element (4) and, on the other hand, is supported in a rotary or sliding bearing (7),
   the rotary or sliding bearing (7) being fastened to the door leaf (1) or to a positionally fixed door frame (2), and the actuating-system housing (3) being fastened to the positionally fixed door frame (2) or to the door leaf (1), via a fastening device, a fuse (8, 9, 32) being provided, the said fuse melting, if there is an appropriate generation of heat in the event of a fire, and releasing the fastening of the actuating-system housing (31) to the door leaf (1) or to the door frame (2),
   characterized in that
   the fuse (8, 9, 32) is designed as a mounting plate (9), which melts in the event of a fire, is formed separately or formed integrally with the actuating-system housing (31) and consists of a material which is weakly heat-conductive and/or melts at low temperature, and/or
   as a mounting device which melts in the event of a fire, is integral with the actuating-system housing (31) and consists of weakly heat-conductive material, and/or
   as a fuse sleeve (8) which melts in the event of a fire and consists of a material melting at low temperature, and
   in that the device for fastening the actuating-system housing (31) to the door leaf (1) or to the door frame (2) has a metal fastening element which is highly heat-conductive, melts only at temperatures greater than 500°C, if at all, and, in the region of the fuse (8, 9, 32), is arranged engaging in the fuse (8, 9, 32) in order to produce the fastening of the actuating-system housing to the door leaf or to the door frame and, in the event of a fire, conducts heat to the fuse (8, 9, 32) in such a manner that the fuse (8, 9, 32) melts in the region of the metal fastening element and, as a result, releases the fastening of the actuating-system housing (31) to the door leaf (1) or to the door frame (2),
   wherein in case that the fuse (8, 9, 32) is designed as fuse sleeve (8), the fuse sleeve (8) being accommodated in a fastening hole of the actuating-system housing (31), and the outside diameter of the sleeve (8) being larger than the diameter of the screw head of the particular as a metal screw (33)designed fastening member (33).
2. Door actuating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the metal fastening element is designed as a metal screw (33).
3. Door actuating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuse (8, 9, 32) has a mounting plate (9) which consists of a material which is weakly heat-conductive and/or melts at low temperature,
   the mounting plate (9) being fastened on the door leaf (1) or door frame (2) via first fastening means (33) having a highly heat-conductive metal fastening element, and the actuating-system housing (31) being fastened on the mounting plate (9) via second fastening means (34) having a highly heat-conductive metal fastening element, and the second fastening means (34) for fastening the actuating-system housing (31) on the mounting plate (9) engaging merely in the mounting plate (9) and not in the door leaf (1) or the door frame (2).
4. Door actuating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuating-system housing (31) of the door actuating system (3) consists at least partially of a material which is weakly heat-conductive and/or melts at low temperature.
5. Door actuating system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the device for fastening the rotary or sliding bearing (7) to the door frame (2) or to the door leaf (1) has a metal fastening element which is highly heat-conductive, melts only at temperatures greater than 500°C, if at all, and is arranged in the region of a fuse (8, 9, 32) which melts with an appropriate generation of heat in the event of a fire and releases the fastening of the rotary or sliding bearing (7) to the door frame (2) or to the door leaf (1).
6. Door actuating system according to Claim 6, characterized in that the metal fastening element is designed as a metal screw.
7. Door actuating system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the fuse (8, 9, 32) has a fuse sleeve (8) consisting of a material melting at low temperature, the fuse sleeve (8) being accommodated in a fastening hole of the rotary or sliding bearing (7),
   and the outside diameter of the sleeve (8) being greater than the diameter of the screw head of the particular metal screw (33).
8. Door actuating system according to Claim 8, characterized in that the fuse (8, 9, 32) of the fastening device has a mounting plate (9) consisting of a material melting at low temperature,
   the mounting plate (9) being fastened on the door leaf (1) or door frame (2) via first fastening means (33) having a highly heat-conductive metal fastening element, and a rotary or sliding bearing (7) being fastened on the mounting plate (9) via second fastening means (34) having a highly heat-conductive metal fastening element,
   and the second fastening means (34) for fastening the rotary or sliding bearing (7) on the mounting plate (9) engaging merely in the mounting plate (9) and not in the door leaf (1) or the door frame (2).
9. Door actuating system according to Claim 6, characterized in that the force-transmitting linkage (5, 6) of the door actuating system (3) at least partially consists of a material which is weakly heat-conductive and/or melts at low temperature.
10. Door actuating system according to Claim 10, characterized in that the rotary or sliding bearing (7) in which the force-transmitting linkage (5, 6) is supported at least partially consists of a material which is weakly heat-conductive and/or melts at low temperature.

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