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EP0782471A1 - Process and device for separating liquid drops from a gas stream - Google Patents

Process and device for separating liquid drops from a gas stream

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Publication number
EP0782471A1
EP0782471A1 EP96922843A EP96922843A EP0782471A1 EP 0782471 A1 EP0782471 A1 EP 0782471A1 EP 96922843 A EP96922843 A EP 96922843A EP 96922843 A EP96922843 A EP 96922843A EP 0782471 A1 EP0782471 A1 EP 0782471A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped elements
gas stream
gas
flow
liquid drops
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96922843A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0782471B1 (en
Inventor
Malte E. C. Förster
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DK96922843T priority Critical patent/DK0782471T3/en
Publication of EP0782471A1 publication Critical patent/EP0782471A1/en
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Publication of EP0782471B1 publication Critical patent/EP0782471B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/28—Plant or installations without electricity supply, e.g. using electrets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for separating liquid drops which are dispersed in a gas.
  • the invention relates to a device for performing the method.
  • the invention relates to the separation of liquid droplets with diameters smaller than 10 ⁇ m. It is known that separating liquid droplets from a gas phase with a smaller diameter, in particular when the diameter falls below 10 ⁇ m, presents considerable difficulties. In different industrial areas, however, the separation of such small droplets is desirable and necessary.
  • DE 42 14 094 C1 discloses a droplet separator for separating droplets from a liquid-flow gas flow. It is a wave-shaped profile with a flow line that resembles a sine wave. The known device is suitable for drops with a large diameter and is based on the principle of the direct flow against the wall due to the drop inertia. A droplet separator based on the same principle is known from DE 78 1 5 425 U1. This document proposes using the sinusoidal passages to reduce the size of the droplets that can be separated
  • All types of dust separators are suitable for droplet separation, for example filtering separators, electrical separators, cyclones and the like. Especially for droplet separation, lamella and centrifugal separators are preferred.
  • the gas flow becomes a Direction change forced, which the liquid droplets do not follow due to inertia and thus precipitate on the channel wall.
  • droplets smaller than 10 ⁇ m however, such a system cannot be used effectively, since these droplets follow the gas stream almost without inertia.
  • the present invention is based on the object, a method for separating
  • liquid droplets from a gas flow which is also suitable for separating droplet sizes smaller than 10 ⁇ m, regardless of the temperature range, using simple means.
  • an apparatus for performing the method is to be specified.
  • the solution according to the invention takes advantage of the effect that flowing gases in a tube have a flow velocity that is dependent on the distance from the wall.
  • the gas molecules in the immediate vicinity of the wall are slowed down considerably in their speed, almost to 0, while higher speeds occur with increasing distance from the wall.
  • If the alleys are narrow enough, there is considerable turbulence in the flow path. Since the liquid drops under discussion follow the gas flow almost without inertia, they will statistically reach a wall and be deposited there.
  • the width of the aisle is advantageously chosen to be so narrow that the probability of gas / surface contact is maximized taking into account the speed of the gas. It is proposed with particular advantage that the alley width can be variably adjusted. According to a further advantageous proposal of the invention, the alley width can be different over the flow path.
  • Drops in the sense of the present invention are the preferred field of application.
  • the invention relates to and is suitable for any type of particle, even if it is in other aggregate or intermediate states depending on the temperature.
  • alleys are formed in a stack of plates. This is easy to set up.
  • bodies can be combined to form alleys.
  • a laminar underlayer appearing near the wall can be taken into account by appropriately designing the surface.
  • the adhesion of the droplets to the wall is influenced by molecular interaction; this is referred to as wetting.
  • wetting the adhesion can be considerably influenced by a suitable choice of the material for the surface of the flowed bodies or the plates. Coalescing into a liquid film also favors deposition by reducing the surface tension.
  • the surface design can be chosen from the point of view of liability. Liability-relevant aspects in the sense of the present invention are the question of the wettability or non-wettability of a surface on the one hand and the guidance of liquid collected on the surface on the other hand.
  • a surface can be designed, for example, so that the drops converge and no longer tear off, large-area, easily manageable units, or the surface can be designed so that the impinging drops remain as isolated as possible and can even be carried away by the flow.
  • the surfaces can be smooth, rough, porous or otherwise.
  • the material itself can have a compact, foam-like, fibrous or similar structure.
  • the gas flows through the particularly narrow streets of a stack of plates arranged parallel to one another, so that the probability of gas / surface contact is maximized.
  • the decisive factors for the separation are the width of the alley to be set and the flow rate of the gas. These latter two factors depend on the constants of the gas and the current operating parameters such as pressure and temperature. The deposition can therefore be optimized taking these parameters into account.
  • geometric deviations for example triangular or round bodies or combinations thereof, be used instead of plates.
  • the alleys do not necessarily have to be straight, but the flow path can be curved.
  • the use of separator profiles is also possible, provided the geometry of the required narrow aisle widths allows this.
  • the direction of the flow can also be adapted to the requirements, for example cocurrent or countercurrent of the gas to the separated liquid and the position of the separator relative to the horizontal or vertical.
  • ceramic materials can be classified as electrical insulators, the conductivity being dependent both on the composition and on the temperature.
  • good insulator properties cannot be found with all ceramics in every temperature range.
  • zirconium oxide-containing ceramics above a temperature above 600 ° C. have proven to be a material which has a significantly different change in conductivity than good insulators, and which rapidly increase in a range of conductors with a resistance in the kilohm range as the temperature rises. This effect is particularly pronounced in melt-cast ceramics and is obviously based on a facilitated electron mobility due to the special structure of the material.
  • the use of oxides from the group of subgroup elements, for example zirconium oxide and the like, is therefore preferred.
  • ceramics or ceramic-like materials can be used, for example non-oxide ceramics such as carbides, silicides, nitrides or the like.
  • non-oxide ceramics such as carbides, silicides, nitrides or the like.
  • thermal emission is used to build up a field between at least two surfaces of the type mentioned.
  • particles contained in a gas stream can be deflected, collected, neutralized or otherwise influenced.
  • the surfaces can be formed on a wall of a flow section, on an additional element or on a component to be arranged anyway in the flow area.
  • the method according to the invention uses special material properties under appropriate temperature and flow conditions in order to deflect, collect or otherwise influence drops of the smallest diameter in a gas stream, the measures according to the invention being economical and simple to implement.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a
  • Embodiment for a separator Embodiment for a separator.
  • a plate pack is shown schematically, which consists of a plurality of parallel plates, which clear alleys between themselves, the distances are adjustable, for which adjustment bolts and washers can be used. These fastening areas can lie outside the area through which the flow flows or can be clad in a flow-favorable manner with respect to this area.
  • the plates 2, 3 can be made of materials which produce different charges when very hot gases flow through them, so that an electric field can be built up. This can significantly promote the separation of liquid drops in the manner described.
  • the separator 1 has the plates 2, 3, which are adjustable in a housing 4 by means of adjusting bolts 5, 6 to form correspondingly narrow streets. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the flow takes place in the direction of arrow 7.
  • the plates can also be suspended in flow cross-sections, inserted in grooves or otherwise fastened.
  • the plates can be emitted as conductive / insulating plates or with reverse polarity.

Landscapes

  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP96/02651 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 18, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 18, 1997 PCT Filed Jun. 19, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/00116 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 3, 1997A method of separating liquid drops from a gas stream includes the step of introducing the gas stream having a temperature greater than 600 DEG C. into shaped elements having very narrow channels through which the gas stream flows, wherein the shaped elements are of a material that becomes conductive at high temperatures and further includes the step of selecting the width of the narrow channels based on the gas stream velocity such that turbulence is generated along the flow path causing the liquid drops to strike the channel walls and deposit thereon. The apparatus for separating liquid drops from a gas stream includes a plurality of shaped elements having very narrow channels through which the gas stream having a temperature greater than 600 DEG C. flows, the shaped elements combined to a compound structure and are of a material that becomes conductive at high temperatures and the channels having a width based upon the gas stream velocity to effect turbulence along the flow path causing the liquid drops to strike the channel walls and deposit thereon.

Description

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abscheidunq von Flüssiqkeitstropfen aus einer Gasströmunα Method and device for separating liquid droplets from a gas flow
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Flüssigkeitstropfen, die in einem Gas dispergiert sind. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for separating liquid drops which are dispersed in a gas. In addition, the invention relates to a device for performing the method.
Insbesondere bezieht sich die Erfindung auf die Abscheidung von Flüssigkeitströpfchen mit Durchmessern kleiner als 10 μm. Es ist bekannt, daß eine Abscheidung von Flussigkeitströpfchen aus einer Gasphase mit kleiner werdendem Durchmesser, insbesondere bei Unterschreiten von Durchmessern ab 1 0 μm, erhebliche Schwierigkeiten bereitet. In unterschiedlichen industriellen Bereichen ist jedoch das Abscheiden derartiger kleiner Tröpfchen erwünscht und erforderlich.In particular, the invention relates to the separation of liquid droplets with diameters smaller than 10 μm. It is known that separating liquid droplets from a gas phase with a smaller diameter, in particular when the diameter falls below 10 μm, presents considerable difficulties. In different industrial areas, however, the separation of such small droplets is desirable and necessary.
Aus der DE 42 14 094 C1 ist ein Tropfenabscheider zum Abscheiden von Tropfen aus einer flüssigkeitsgelandenen Gasströmung bekannt. Es handelt sich um ein wellenförmiges Profil mit einer Durchströmungslinie, die einer Sinuswelle ähnelt. Die vorbekannte Vorrichtung eignet sich für Tropfen mit großem Durchmesser und basiert auf dem Prinzip der direkten Wandanströmung infolge der Tropfenträgheit. Ein auf dem gleichen Prinzip basierender Tropfenabscheider ist aus der DE 78 1 5 425 U1 bekannt. In dieser Druckschrift ist vorgeschlagen, zur Reduzierung der Größe der abscheidbaren Tropfen die sinusförmigen Durchlässe mitDE 42 14 094 C1 discloses a droplet separator for separating droplets from a liquid-flow gas flow. It is a wave-shaped profile with a flow line that resembles a sine wave. The known device is suitable for drops with a large diameter and is based on the principle of the direct flow against the wall due to the drop inertia. A droplet separator based on the same principle is known from DE 78 1 5 425 U1. This document proposes using the sinusoidal passages to reduce the size of the droplets that can be separated
Queraussteifungsplatten und an den Rändern mit gewellten Platten zu versehen, um somit die Platten möglichst dünn herstellen und somit gut formen zu können.To provide transverse reinforcement plates and corrugated plates at the edges, so that the plates can be made as thin as possible and thus shaped well.
An sich eignen sich für eine Tropfenabscheidung alle Arten von Staubabscheidern, zum Beispiel filternde Abscheider, Elektroabscheider, Zyklone und dergleichen. Speziell für Tropfenabscheidungen werden jedoch bevorzugt Lamellen- und Zentrifugalabscheider eingesetzt. Hierbei wird, wie in den oben beschriebenen Tropfenabscheidersystemen, dem Gasstrom eine Richtungsänderung aufgezwungen, welcher die Flüssigkeitströpfchen infolge Trägheit nicht folgen und somit an der Kanalwandung niederschlagen. Bei Tröpfchen kleiner 1 0 μm kann jedoch ein derartiges System nicht wirksam eingesetzt werden, da diese Tröpfchen dem Gasstrom fast trägheitslos folgen.All types of dust separators are suitable for droplet separation, for example filtering separators, electrical separators, cyclones and the like. Especially for droplet separation, lamella and centrifugal separators are preferred. Here, as in the droplet separator systems described above, the gas flow becomes a Direction change forced, which the liquid droplets do not follow due to inertia and thus precipitate on the channel wall. With droplets smaller than 10 μm, however, such a system cannot be used effectively, since these droplets follow the gas stream almost without inertia.
Einsatzgebiete, in welchen auch derartig kleine Tröpfchen aus der Gasphase abgeschieden werden müssen, ergeben sich beispielsweise im Bereich der Kraftwerkstechnologie, zum Beispiel bei Gasturbinen, die mit extrem hohen Antriebstemperaturen arbeiten, und dergleichen. Bereits kleinste Tröpfchen können in Abhängigkeit von der Gasgeschwindigkeit zu erheblichen Beschädigungen oder Verringerungen von Standzeiten von eingesetzten Vorrichtungen führen.Areas of application in which such small droplets have to be separated from the gas phase arise, for example, in the field of power plant technology, for example in gas turbines which work with extremely high drive temperatures, and the like. Even the smallest droplets, depending on the gas velocity, can lead to considerable damage or a reduction in the service life of the devices used.
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die A u f g a b e zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Abscheidung vonStarting from this prior art, the present invention is based on the object, a method for separating
Flüssigkeitstropfen aus einer Gasströmung bereitzustellen, welches unabhängig vom Temperaturbereich mit einfachen Mitteln auch zur Abscheidung von Tropfengrößen kleiner als 1 0 μm geeignet ist. Darüber hinaus soll eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahren angegeben werden.To provide liquid droplets from a gas flow, which is also suitable for separating droplet sizes smaller than 10 μm, regardless of the temperature range, using simple means. In addition, an apparatus for performing the method is to be specified.
Verfahrensseitig wird zur technischen L ö s u n g dieser Aufgabe vorgeschlagen ein Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Flüssigkeitstropfen aus einer Gasströmung, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß in den Strömungsweg des Gases durchströmbare, sehr enge Gassen bildende Formelemente eingebracht werden.On the process side, for the technical solution to this problem, a method is proposed for separating liquid drops from a gas flow, which is characterized in that shaped elements forming flowable, narrow passages are introduced into the flow path of the gas.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird der Effekt genutzt, daß strömende Gase in einem Rohr eine vom Abstand von der Wand abhängige Strömungsgeschwindigkeit aufweisen. Die Gasmoleküle in unmittelbarer Wandnähe werden in ihrer Geschwindigkeit stark abgebremst, nahezu auf 0, während sich mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Wand höhere Geschwindigkeiten einstellen. Sind die Gassen eng genug gewählt, ergeben sich erhebliche Verwirbelungen im Durchströmungsweg. Da die zur Diskussion stehenden Flüssigkeitstropfen dem Gasstrom fast trägheitslos folgen, werden sie statistisch an eine Wandung gelangen und sich dort niederschlagen. In vorteilhafter Weise wird die Gassenbreite so eng gewählt, daß unter Berücksichtigung der Geschwindigkeit des Gases die Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen Gas-/Oberflächenkontakt maximiert wird. Mit besonderem Vorteil wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Gassenbreite variabel einstellbar ist. Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Vorschlag der Erfindung kann die Gassenbreite über den Strömungsweg unterschiedlich sein.The solution according to the invention takes advantage of the effect that flowing gases in a tube have a flow velocity that is dependent on the distance from the wall. The gas molecules in the immediate vicinity of the wall are slowed down considerably in their speed, almost to 0, while higher speeds occur with increasing distance from the wall. If the alleys are narrow enough, there is considerable turbulence in the flow path. Since the liquid drops under discussion follow the gas flow almost without inertia, they will statistically reach a wall and be deposited there. The width of the aisle is advantageously chosen to be so narrow that the probability of gas / surface contact is maximized taking into account the speed of the gas. It is proposed with particular advantage that the alley width can be variably adjusted. According to a further advantageous proposal of the invention, the alley width can be different over the flow path.
Tropfen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind das bevorzugte Anwendungsgebiet. Die Erfindung bezieht und eignet sich für jede Art von Partikeln, selbst wenn diese sich in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur in anderen Aggregat- oder Zwischenzuständen befinden.Drops in the sense of the present invention are the preferred field of application. The invention relates to and is suitable for any type of particle, even if it is in other aggregate or intermediate states depending on the temperature.
Ein bevorzugter Vorschlag der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Gassen in einem Plattenstapel gebildet werden. Dieser ist auf einfache Weise einrich.tbar. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können Körper zur Gassenbildung kombiniert werden. Einer in Wandnähe auftretenden laminaren Unterschicht kann durch entsprechende Gestaltung der Oberfläche Rechnung getragen werden. Die Haftung der Tröpfchen an der Wand wird durch molekulare Wechselwirkung beeinflußt, man spricht dann von Benetzung. Somit kann durch geeignete Wahl des Materials für die Oberfläche der umströmten Körper oder der Platten auf die Haftung erheblich Einfluß genommen werden. Koaleszieren zu einem Flüssigkeitsfilm begünstigt darüber hinaus durch Verringerung der Oberflächenspannung eine Abscheidung.A preferred proposal of the invention provides that the alleys are formed in a stack of plates. This is easy to set up. Alternatively or additionally, bodies can be combined to form alleys. A laminar underlayer appearing near the wall can be taken into account by appropriately designing the surface. The adhesion of the droplets to the wall is influenced by molecular interaction; this is referred to as wetting. Thus, the adhesion can be considerably influenced by a suitable choice of the material for the surface of the flowed bodies or the plates. Coalescing into a liquid film also favors deposition by reducing the surface tension.
Die Oberflächengestaltung kann unter haftungsrelevanten Gesichtspunkten gewählt sein. Haftungsrelevante Gesichtspunkte im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die Frage der Benetzbarkeit bzw. Unbenetzbarkeit einer Oberfläche einerseits sowie die Führung von auf der Oberfläche gesammelter Flüssigkeit andererseits. Eine Oberfläche kann beispielsweise so ausgestaltet werden, daß die Tropfen zusammenlaufen und nicht mehr abreißbare, großflächige, gut führbare Einheiten bilden, oder die Oberfläche kann so ausgestaltet sein, daß die auftreffenden Tropfen möglichst vereinzelt bleiben und sogar wieder von der Strömung mitgerissen werden können. Die Oberflächen können glatt, rauh, porös oder sonstwie ausgebildet werden. Das Material selbst kann eine kompakte, eine schaumartige, eine faserige oder eine ähnliche Struktur aufweisen. Vorrichtungsseitig wird zur Nutzung des beschriebenen Effektes vorgeschlagen, daß - im einfachsten Fall - das Gas die besonders engen Gassen eines Stapels parallel zueinander angeordneter Platten durchströmt, so daß die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Gas-/Oberflächenkontaktes maximiert wird. Neben der Wahl der Wandmaterials sind die für die Abscheidung ausschlaggebende Größe die einzustellende Gassenbreite und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gases. Diese beiden letztgenannten Faktoren sind abhängig von den Stoffkonstanten des Gases und den aktuellen Betriebsparametern wie Druck und Temperatur. Eine Optimierung der Abscheidung ist daher unter Berücksichtigung dieser Parameter möglich.The surface design can be chosen from the point of view of liability. Liability-relevant aspects in the sense of the present invention are the question of the wettability or non-wettability of a surface on the one hand and the guidance of liquid collected on the surface on the other hand. A surface can be designed, for example, so that the drops converge and no longer tear off, large-area, easily manageable units, or the surface can be designed so that the impinging drops remain as isolated as possible and can even be carried away by the flow. The surfaces can be smooth, rough, porous or otherwise. The material itself can have a compact, foam-like, fibrous or similar structure. On the device side, it is proposed to use the effect described that - in the simplest case - the gas flows through the particularly narrow streets of a stack of plates arranged parallel to one another, so that the probability of gas / surface contact is maximized. In addition to the choice of wall material, the decisive factors for the separation are the width of the alley to be set and the flow rate of the gas. These latter two factors depend on the constants of the gas and the current operating parameters such as pressure and temperature. The deposition can therefore be optimized taking these parameters into account.
Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, daß anstelle von Platten geometrische Abweichungen, beispielsweise dreieckige oder runde Körper oder Kombinationen hiervon, verwendet werden. Die Gassen müssen nicht zwangsläufig geradlinig verlaufen, sondern der Strömungsweg kann gekrümmt sein. Auch ist der Einsatz von Abscheiderprofilen möglich, soweit die Geometrie der erforderlichen geringen Gassenbreiten dies zuläßt. Die Richtung der Durchströmung kann ebenfalls den Erfordernissen angepaßt werden, beispielsweise Gleichstrom oder Gegenstrom des Gases zur abgeschiedenen Flüssigkeit sowie die Lage des Abscheiders gegenüber der Horizontalen bzw. Vertikalen.Alternatively, it is proposed that geometric deviations, for example triangular or round bodies or combinations thereof, be used instead of plates. The alleys do not necessarily have to be straight, but the flow path can be curved. The use of separator profiles is also possible, provided the geometry of the required narrow aisle widths allows this. The direction of the flow can also be adapted to the requirements, for example cocurrent or countercurrent of the gas to the separated liquid and the position of the separator relative to the horizontal or vertical.
Im allgemeinen sind keramische Materialien als elektrische Isolatoren ein¬ zuordnen, wobei die Leitfähigkeit sowohl von der Zusammensetzung als auch von der Temperatur abhängig ist. Gute Isolatoreigenschaften kann man jedoch nicht bei allen Keramiken in jedem Temperaturbereich antreffen. So haben sich beispielsweise zirkonoxidhaltige Keramiken ab einer Temperatur über 600°C als gegenüber guten Isolatoren eine stark abweichende Änderung in der Leit¬ fähigkeit aufweisende Materialien erwiesen, die bei steigender Temperatur rapide in einen Bereich von Leitern mit einem Widerstand im Kiloohmbereich gelangen. Dieser Effekt ist besonders ausgeprägt bei schmelzgegossenen Keramiken und beruht offensichtlich auf einer durch die besondere Struktur des Materials gegebenen erleichterten Elektronenbeweglichkeit. Die Ver¬ wendungen von Oxiden aus der Reihe der Nebengruppenelemente, beispiels¬ weise Zirkonoxid und dergleichen sind somit zu bevorzugen. Neben den genannten Werkstoffen können andere Keramiken oder keramikähnliche Werkstoffe eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise nicht-oxydische Keramiken wie Carbide, Silicide, Nitride oder ähnliches. Darüber hinaus liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, den genannten Effekt der ladungserzeugenden Oberfläche aufgrund hoher Temperatur zu verstärken durch das zusätzliche Anlegen von Strom.In general, ceramic materials can be classified as electrical insulators, the conductivity being dependent both on the composition and on the temperature. However, good insulator properties cannot be found with all ceramics in every temperature range. Thus, for example, zirconium oxide-containing ceramics above a temperature above 600 ° C. have proven to be a material which has a significantly different change in conductivity than good insulators, and which rapidly increase in a range of conductors with a resistance in the kilohm range as the temperature rises. This effect is particularly pronounced in melt-cast ceramics and is obviously based on a facilitated electron mobility due to the special structure of the material. The use of oxides from the group of subgroup elements, for example zirconium oxide and the like, is therefore preferred. In addition to the materials mentioned, other ceramics or ceramic-like materials can be used, for example non-oxide ceramics such as carbides, silicides, nitrides or the like. In addition, it is within the scope of the invention to increase the effect of the charge-generating surface due to high temperature by the additional application of current.
Zum Aufbau eines Feldes zwischen wenigstens zwei Oberflächen der ge¬ nannten Art wird der als Thermoemission bezeichnete Effekt genutzt.The effect referred to as thermal emission is used to build up a field between at least two surfaces of the type mentioned.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können in einem Gasstrom enthaltene Teilchen abgelenkt, gesammelt, neutralisiert oder sonstwie beeinflußt werden. Verfahrensgemäß können die Oberflächen auf einer Wandung eines Strömungsabschnittes, auf einem Zusatzelement oder auf einem im Strömungsbereich ohnehin anzuordnenden Bauteil ausgebildet sein.With the method according to the invention, particles contained in a gas stream can be deflected, collected, neutralized or otherwise influenced. According to the method, the surfaces can be formed on a wall of a flow section, on an additional element or on a component to be arranged anyway in the flow area.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nutzt besondere Materialeigenschaften bei entsprechenden Temperatur- und Strömungsbedingungen, um in einem Gas¬ strom befindliche Tropfen kleinster Durchmesser abzulenken, zu sammeln oder sonstwie zu beeinflussen, wobei die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen wirtschaftlich und einfach realisierbar sind.The method according to the invention uses special material properties under appropriate temperature and flow conditions in order to deflect, collect or otherwise influence drops of the smallest diameter in a gas stream, the measures according to the invention being economical and simple to implement.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description with reference to the figures. Show:
Figur 1 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einesFigure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a
Ausführungsbeispiels für einen Abscheider.Embodiment for a separator.
In Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Plattenpaket gezeigt, welches aus einer Vielzahl paralleler Platten besteht, die zwischen sich Gassen freilassen, die Abstände sind einstellbar, wozu Einstellbolzen und -Scheiben verwendet werden können. Diese Befestigungsbereiche können außerhalb des durchströmten Bereiches liegen oder gegenüber diesem strömungsgünstig verkleidet sein.In Figure 1, a plate pack is shown schematically, which consists of a plurality of parallel plates, which clear alleys between themselves, the distances are adjustable, for which adjustment bolts and washers can be used. These fastening areas can lie outside the area through which the flow flows or can be clad in a flow-favorable manner with respect to this area.
Die Platten 2, 3 können aus Materialien hergestellt sein, die unterschiedliche Ladungen bei der Durchströmung mit sehr heißen Gasen hervorbringen, so daß sich ein elektrisches Feld aufbauen läßt. Dieses kann in beschriebener Weise die Abscheidung von Flüssigkeitstropfen erheblich fördern. Der Abscheider 1 weist die Platten 2, 3 auf, die in einem Gehäuse 4 mittels Einstellbolzen 5, 6 zur Bildung entsprechend enger Gassen einstellbar sind. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt die Durchströmung in Richtung des Pfeils 7.The plates 2, 3 can be made of materials which produce different charges when very hot gases flow through them, so that an electric field can be built up. This can significantly promote the separation of liquid drops in the manner described. The separator 1 has the plates 2, 3, which are adjustable in a housing 4 by means of adjusting bolts 5, 6 to form correspondingly narrow streets. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the flow takes place in the direction of arrow 7.
Die Platten können auch in Durchströmungsquerschnitte eingehängt, in Nuten eingesetzt oder sonstwie befestigt werden. Die Platten können emittierend als leitende/isolierende Platten oder mit umgekehrter Polarität eingesetzt werden. The plates can also be suspended in flow cross-sections, inserted in grooves or otherwise fastened. The plates can be emitted as conductive / insulating plates or with reverse polarity.
Bezuqszeichenliste:Reference list:
1 Abscheider1 separator
2 Platten2 plates
3 Platte3 plate
4 Gehäuse4 housing
5 Einstellbolzen5 adjusting bolts
6 Einstellbolzen6 adjusting bolts
7 Durchströmungsrichtung 7 flow direction

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1 . Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Flüssigkeitstropfen aus einer Gasströmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Strömungsweg des Gases durchströmbare, sehr enge Gassen bildende Formelemente eingebracht werden.1 . Process for the separation of liquid drops from a gas flow, characterized in that shaped elements which can flow through and form very narrow streets are introduced into the flow path of the gas.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gassenbreite so eng gewählt wird, daß unter Berücksichtigung der Gasgeschwindigkeit die Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen Gas- /Oberflächenkontakt maximiert wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alley width is chosen so narrow that the probability of a gas / surface contact is maximized taking into account the gas velocity.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gassenbreite variiert wird.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alley width is varied.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß über die Durchströmungslänge eine unterschiedliche Gassenbreite eingestellt wird.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a different lane width is set over the flow length.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gassen in einem Plattenstapel ausgebildet werden.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the streets are formed in a stack of plates.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gassen zwischen Körperoberflächen gebildet werden.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alleys are formed between body surfaces.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächen nach haftungsrelevanten Gesichtspunkten gestaltet werden.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfaces are designed according to aspects relevant to liability.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die gassenbildenden Oberflächen porös ausgebildet werden. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas-forming surfaces are porous.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente mit einer kompakten Struktur ausgebildet werden.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped elements are formed with a compact structure.
1 0. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente mit einer schaumartigen oder faserigen Struktur ausgebildet werden.1 0. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped elements are formed with a foam-like or fibrous structure.
1 1 . Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung von Flüssigkeitstropfen aus einer Gasströmung, gekennzeichnet durch eine Vielzahl von durchströmbaren, enge Gassen bildende Formelementen, die zu einem Elementenverbund zusammengesetzt sind.1 1. Device for separating liquid drops from a gas flow, characterized by a plurality of shaped elements which can flow through and form narrow streets and which are assembled to form a composite element.
1 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente stapelbare Platten sind.1 2. Device according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the shaped elements are stackable plates.
1 3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 1 oder 1 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente Körper sind.1 3. Device according to one of claims 1 1 or 1 2, characterized in that the shaped elements are bodies.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 1 bis 1 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente nach haftungsrelevanten Gesichtspunkten gestaltete Oberflächen aufweisen.14. Device according to one of claims 1 1 to 1 3, characterized in that the shaped elements have surfaces designed according to liability-relevant aspects.
1 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente eine kompakte Struktur aufweisen.1 5. Device according to one of claims 1 1 to 14, characterized in that the shaped elements have a compact structure.
1 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 1 bis 1 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formelemente mit zueinander einstellbaren Abständen angeordnet werden können. 1 6. Device according to one of claims 1 1 to 1 5, characterized in that the shaped elements can be arranged with adjustable intervals.
EP96922843A 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Process for separating liquid drops from a gas stream Expired - Lifetime EP0782471B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK96922843T DK0782471T3 (en) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Process for separating liquid droplets from a gas stream

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19522104 1995-06-19
DE19522103 1995-06-19
DE19522102 1995-06-19
DE19522102 1995-06-19
DE19522103 1995-06-19
DE19522104 1995-06-19
PCT/EP1996/002651 WO1997000116A1 (en) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Process and device for separating liquid drops from a gas stream

Publications (2)

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EP0782471A1 true EP0782471A1 (en) 1997-07-09
EP0782471B1 EP0782471B1 (en) 2004-11-24

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EP96922843A Expired - Lifetime EP0782471B1 (en) 1995-06-19 1996-06-19 Process for separating liquid drops from a gas stream

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US (2) US6003434A (en)
EP (2) EP0782476B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE283109T1 (en)
AU (2) AU6357696A (en)
CA (1) CA2203891C (en)
DE (2) DE59611148D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0782476T3 (en)
WO (2) WO1997000116A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6357696A (en) 1997-01-15
US6080225A (en) 2000-06-27
CA2203891C (en) 2007-09-11
ATE250461T1 (en) 2003-10-15
DE59611148D1 (en) 2004-12-30
DE59610732D1 (en) 2003-10-30
EP0782476B1 (en) 2003-09-24
AU6357796A (en) 1997-01-15
CA2203891A1 (en) 1997-01-03
EP0782476A1 (en) 1997-07-09
WO1997000116A1 (en) 1997-01-03
WO1997000139A1 (en) 1997-01-03
DK0782476T3 (en) 2004-02-09
ATE283109T1 (en) 2004-12-15
EP0782471B1 (en) 2004-11-24
US6003434A (en) 1999-12-21

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