Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
  • B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
  • B03C3/28—Plant or installations without electricity supply, e.g. using electrets

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for separating liquid drops which are dispersed in a gas.
• the invention relates to a device for performing the method.
• the invention relates to the separation of liquid droplets with diameters smaller than 10 ⁇ m. It is known that separating liquid droplets from a gas phase with a smaller diameter, in particular when the diameter falls below 10 ⁇ m, presents considerable difficulties. In different industrial areas, however, the separation of such small droplets is desirable and necessary.
• DE 42 14 094 C1 discloses a droplet separator for separating droplets from a liquid-flow gas flow. It is a wave-shaped profile with a flow line that resembles a sine wave. The known device is suitable for drops with a large diameter and is based on the principle of the direct flow against the wall due to the drop inertia. A droplet separator based on the same principle is known from DE 78 1 5 425 U1. This document proposes using the sinusoidal passages to reduce the size of the droplets that can be separated
• All types of dust separators are suitable for droplet separation, for example filtering separators, electrical separators, cyclones and the like. Especially for droplet separation, lamella and centrifugal separators are preferred.
• the gas flow becomes a Direction change forced, which the liquid droplets do not follow due to inertia and thus precipitate on the channel wall.
• droplets smaller than 10 ⁇ m however, such a system cannot be used effectively, since these droplets follow the gas stream almost without inertia.
• the present invention is based on the object, a method for separating
• liquid droplets from a gas flow which is also suitable for separating droplet sizes smaller than 10 ⁇ m, regardless of the temperature range, using simple means.
• an apparatus for performing the method is to be specified.
• the solution according to the invention takes advantage of the effect that flowing gases in a tube have a flow velocity that is dependent on the distance from the wall.
• the gas molecules in the immediate vicinity of the wall are slowed down considerably in their speed, almost to 0, while higher speeds occur with increasing distance from the wall.
• If the alleys are narrow enough, there is considerable turbulence in the flow path. Since the liquid drops under discussion follow the gas flow almost without inertia, they will statistically reach a wall and be deposited there.
• the width of the aisle is advantageously chosen to be so narrow that the probability of gas / surface contact is maximized taking into account the speed of the gas. It is proposed with particular advantage that the alley width can be variably adjusted. According to a further advantageous proposal of the invention, the alley width can be different over the flow path.
• Drops in the sense of the present invention are the preferred field of application.
• the invention relates to and is suitable for any type of particle, even if it is in other aggregate or intermediate states depending on the temperature.
• alleys are formed in a stack of plates. This is easy to set up.
• bodies can be combined to form alleys.
• a laminar underlayer appearing near the wall can be taken into account by appropriately designing the surface.
• the adhesion of the droplets to the wall is influenced by molecular interaction; this is referred to as wetting.
• wetting the adhesion can be considerably influenced by a suitable choice of the material for the surface of the flowed bodies or the plates. Coalescing into a liquid film also favors deposition by reducing the surface tension.
• the surface design can be chosen from the point of view of liability. Liability-relevant aspects in the sense of the present invention are the question of the wettability or non-wettability of a surface on the one hand and the guidance of liquid collected on the surface on the other hand.
• a surface can be designed, for example, so that the drops converge and no longer tear off, large-area, easily manageable units, or the surface can be designed so that the impinging drops remain as isolated as possible and can even be carried away by the flow.
• the surfaces can be smooth, rough, porous or otherwise.
• the material itself can have a compact, foam-like, fibrous or similar structure.
• the gas flows through the particularly narrow streets of a stack of plates arranged parallel to one another, so that the probability of gas / surface contact is maximized.
• the decisive factors for the separation are the width of the alley to be set and the flow rate of the gas. These latter two factors depend on the constants of the gas and the current operating parameters such as pressure and temperature. The deposition can therefore be optimized taking these parameters into account.
• geometric deviations for example triangular or round bodies or combinations thereof, be used instead of plates.
• the alleys do not necessarily have to be straight, but the flow path can be curved.
• the use of separator profiles is also possible, provided the geometry of the required narrow aisle widths allows this.
• the direction of the flow can also be adapted to the requirements, for example cocurrent or countercurrent of the gas to the separated liquid and the position of the separator relative to the horizontal or vertical.
• ceramic materials can be classified as electrical insulators, the conductivity being dependent both on the composition and on the temperature.
• good insulator properties cannot be found with all ceramics in every temperature range.
• zirconium oxide-containing ceramics above a temperature above 600 ° C. have proven to be a material which has a significantly different change in conductivity than good insulators, and which rapidly increase in a range of conductors with a resistance in the kilohm range as the temperature rises. This effect is particularly pronounced in melt-cast ceramics and is obviously based on a facilitated electron mobility due to the special structure of the material.
• the use of oxides from the group of subgroup elements, for example zirconium oxide and the like, is therefore preferred.
• ceramics or ceramic-like materials can be used, for example non-oxide ceramics such as carbides, silicides, nitrides or the like.
• non-oxide ceramics such as carbides, silicides, nitrides or the like.
• thermal emission is used to build up a field between at least two surfaces of the type mentioned.
• particles contained in a gas stream can be deflected, collected, neutralized or otherwise influenced.
• the surfaces can be formed on a wall of a flow section, on an additional element or on a component to be arranged anyway in the flow area.
• the method according to the invention uses special material properties under appropriate temperature and flow conditions in order to deflect, collect or otherwise influence drops of the smallest diameter in a gas stream, the measures according to the invention being economical and simple to implement.
• Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a
• Embodiment for a separator Embodiment for a separator.
• a plate pack is shown schematically, which consists of a plurality of parallel plates, which clear alleys between themselves, the distances are adjustable, for which adjustment bolts and washers can be used. These fastening areas can lie outside the area through which the flow flows or can be clad in a flow-favorable manner with respect to this area.
• the plates 2, 3 can be made of materials which produce different charges when very hot gases flow through them, so that an electric field can be built up. This can significantly promote the separation of liquid drops in the manner described.
• the separator 1 has the plates 2, 3, which are adjustable in a housing 4 by means of adjusting bolts 5, 6 to form correspondingly narrow streets. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the flow takes place in the direction of arrow 7.
• the plates can also be suspended in flow cross-sections, inserted in grooves or otherwise fastened.
• the plates can be emitted as conductive / insulating plates or with reverse polarity.

Landscapes

• Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
• Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
• Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Publications (2)

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• 1995
  • 1995-06-19 US US08/793,907 patent/US6003434A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1996
  • 1996-06-19 WO PCT/EP1996/002652 patent/WO1997000139A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1996-06-19 US US08/793,906 patent/US6080225A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-06-19 AU AU63576/96A patent/AU6357696A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-06-19 EP EP96922843A patent/EP0782471B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-19 WO PCT/EP1996/002651 patent/WO1997000116A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1996-06-19 AU AU63577/96A patent/AU6357796A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-06-19 DE DE59611148T patent/DE59611148D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-19 DK DK96922844T patent/DK0782476T3/da active
  • 1996-06-19 AT AT96922844T patent/ATE250461T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-06-19 AT AT96922843T patent/ATE283109T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-06-19 CA CA002203891A patent/CA2203891C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-06-19 DE DE59610732T patent/DE59610732D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-06-19 EP EP96922844A patent/EP0782476B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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