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EP0031351A1 - Procede et installation pour la gazeification de combustibles en morceaux - Google Patents

Procede et installation pour la gazeification de combustibles en morceaux

Info

Publication number
EP0031351A1
EP0031351A1 EP80901251A EP80901251A EP0031351A1 EP 0031351 A1 EP0031351 A1 EP 0031351A1 EP 80901251 A EP80901251 A EP 80901251A EP 80901251 A EP80901251 A EP 80901251A EP 0031351 A1 EP0031351 A1 EP 0031351A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gases
coke
carbonization
gas
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80901251A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Kiener
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0031351A1 publication Critical patent/EP0031351A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1609—Post-reduction, e.g. on a red-white-hot coke or coal bed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • finely atomized fuel e.g. B. oil or tar
  • the fuel which is finely atomized in the connecting line, forms a warm aerosol together with the hot raw gases, which is split into the gap volume of the glowing coke.
  • water or steam can also be added to the raw gases to carry out the water gas reaction in the glowing coke of the second chamber.
  • This method is therefore primarily based on fuels with only minor impurities, i. H. low ash and sulfur content, limited as feed materials.
  • a complete conversion of e.g. B. hard coal or brown coal with a high sulfur and ash content is not easily possible, since the coke obtained can be processed only with difficulty.
  • the gasifying agent consists of a mixture of oxygen saturated with hot water, to which air can optionally be added, and of water vapor.
  • This gasification medium passes through a heat exchanger with temperatures between 200 and 300 ° C in the lower part of the tapping generator previously charged with hot coke.
  • the hot fuel gases are dedusted and give off their heat content to waste heat boilers before they are fed to a washer cooler as synthesis gas.
  • the coking gases mixed with the gasification agent formed from oxygen and water vapor can be introduced into the coke filling of the tapping generator.
  • This method according to the invention has a number of advantages over known fuel gasification methods, which include lie in the extraordinarily simple process control and control and on the other hand in the quality of the fuel gas, which has a high calorific value and is practically free of sulfur, chlorine and heavy metal compounds as well as harmful hydrocarbons even with ash or sulfur-rich feed materials. Furthermore, the above-mentioned method offers the possibility of effectively and completely gasifying fuels with ash contents of up to 30% by weight. In addition, other different fuels, such as ash-rich coking coal, lignite, peat, and also wood, wood chips, straw and the like. Like., serve as feed materials.
  • Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of another embodiment with common charging of the fuel gas reactor with carbonization gas and carbonization coke.
  • the lumpy bituminous fuels are introduced into the entry end of the rotary drum 1 via a funnel 4 with locks 5, 6 arranged in an entry shaft 7 and a horizontal conveyor 8.
  • the rotary drum 1 consists of the actual smoldering drum 10, in which hollow, essentially longitudinally oriented internals 11 in the form of longitudinal ribs or blades are arranged.
  • This smoldering drum 10 is surrounded by a jacket 12, which is connected via a line 13 to the exhaust system 14 of the gas engine 3. In this way, the rotary drum is heated indirectly by the exhaust gases of the gas engine 3 which are at approximately 600 ° C.
  • the exhaust gases After flowing through the internals 11 or the drum casing 12, the exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere via a line 16 with a metering valve 17.
  • the line 16 is connected by a branch line 18, a blower 19 and a metering valve 20 to the burner 15 or the entry-side distribution chamber 21 in the drum jacket 1-2 in order to control the temperature of the heating gases by admixing predetermined, already cooled gas quantities.
  • the fuel gas reactor 2 has in its upper part a chamber 27 free of internals, in which one in aggressive swirling of the partially burned smoldering gases flowing in through the burner 23 takes place.
  • the thermal cracking of the carbonization gases heated to approx. 1000 to 1200 ° C by the substoichiometric partial combustion takes place in this chamber.
  • a discharge for the fuel gases which is designed as an annular channel 36 and which consists of a plurality of radial There are openings in the reactor wall.
  • the degassing of the fuels commences at approx. 200 ° C., which continues continuously up to temperatures of approx. 500 ° C. at the right discharge end of the drum.
  • the carbonization gases are extracted by the ejector action of the burner 23 via the lines 22 at temperatures of approximately 400 to 500 ° C.
  • the smoked coke is introduced via the discharge chute 32, the metering wheel 33 and the feed conveyor 30 into the fuel gas reactor 2 below the intermediate wall 28.
  • a further process and system variant is suitable for special applications, in particular for the use of fuels with a high ash content, in which the incombustible components tend to cake and sinter, in which the smoldering coke in the reactor shaft is wholly or partly in the state of a calmed fluidized bed (Fluid bed) is added.
  • a sufficiently high overpressure is generated in the air chamber on the bottom, which leads to gas flows evenly distributed over the bottom cross-section into the filling coke.
  • this combustion air can either be mixed with a corresponding part of the fuel gas generated and / or a corresponding part of the exhaust gases.
  • At least some of these exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine (gas engine) operated with the fuel gas produced are thermally cracked in the hot partial combustion zone.
  • the admixed fuel gases preferably have a fluidic carrier function for producing the fluidized bed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Le combustible tel que le charbon bitumineux, le lignite, le bois, la paille et analogue, est carbonise a la pression approximativement atmospherique dans une premiere etape par chauffage indirect entre 300 et 600 C et en agitant constamment (1). Les gaz degages chauds sont melanges avec de l'air prechauffe et partiellement brules (27) dans une deuxieme etape. Simultanement, ils sont craques thermiquement a des temperatures comprises entre 850 et 1200 C et ensuite ils passent a travers une zone de reaction (35) composee de coke de basse carbonisation obtenu pendant la premiere etape. Dans une troisieme etape le coke subit une combustion partielle, par exemple au moyen d'air et de vapeur d'eau. Le melange gazeux se trouvant initialement a une temperature comprise entre 900 et 1200 C est aspire a travers une zone de reaction formee du coke de basse carbonisation ou la temperature des gaz est diminuee grace a une reaction endothermique et ou la valeur calorifique des gaz est simultanement augmentee. Ces gaz et les gaz provenant de la deuxieme etape seront conduits vers des echangeurs de chaleur (44 a 46) et des laveurs a gaz (61).
EP80901251A 1979-07-05 1980-07-04 Procede et installation pour la gazeification de combustibles en morceaux Withdrawn EP0031351A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2927240A DE2927240C2 (de) 1979-07-05 1979-07-05 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von stückigen Brennstoffen mit Vorschwelung und Cracken der Schwelgase im Gasgenerator
DE2927240 1979-07-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0031351A1 true EP0031351A1 (fr) 1981-07-08

Family

ID=6075019

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80901251A Withdrawn EP0031351A1 (fr) 1979-07-05 1980-07-04 Procede et installation pour la gazeification de combustibles en morceaux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0031351A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE2927240C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1981000112A1 (fr)

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See references of WO8100112A1 *

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DE2927240A1 (de) 1981-01-08
DE2927240C2 (de) 1985-10-31

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