DE7013377U - CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Dipl.-Ing. Walter Jackisch

7 Stuttgart N, Menzelstraße 40 ζ, ~ -.,

United Austrian

Eisen- und Stäilwerke Aktiengesellschaft

Linz (Austria)

A 31 688 - Br

Continuous casting machine

The invention relates to a continuous casting machine for melt flow ige metals.

In known continuous casting plants, the pouring stream falling vertically into the continuous casting mold penetrates deep into the
strand core that is still liquid, which can damage the solidifying strand shell. A damaged strand shell cannot withstand the pressure of the molten metal located inside the strand after it has emerged from the mold. It can lead to breakthroughs of liquid metal, which damage the system and that
Cast product becomes unusable. The pouring stream penetrating into the liquid strand core does not allow the casting of flat cross-sectional strands of any small thickness, since the risk of damage to the strand shell increases sharply as the strand thickness becomes smaller. Attempts have been made to reduce the kinetic energy of the metal flowing into the mold by using outlet pipes with a closed bottom and laterally arranged outlet openings. However, such outlet pipes are difficult to manufacture and subject to severe wear and tear

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have the desired effect in practice, not deeper penetration of the pouring stream as the goal.

Another object of the invention is to provide a continuous casting machine which is also shown in existing steelworks with a relatively low lifting height of the casting cranes

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is buildable. Known continuous casting machines are either a straight mold, followed by a longer vertical strand guide connects, ode: ", 'ν a circularly curved mold equipped to WE' ¹ .iie a otrangf EADERSHIP in the form connect a quarter circle in each case, esp. In the case of vertical systems, the overall height of the system is considerable and the ladle must be liftable from the hut floor to the area of the mold. In steelworks that are not designed for the installation of continuous casting systems, the lifting height of the casting cranes is often insufficient for this.

Another object of the invention is to provide an efficient vacuum treatment in a plant for continuous casting of steel reach of steel; in addition to a reduction in the content of hydrogen and non-metallic Inclusions also reduce the oxygen content take place in steel. When casting non-killed steels using the continuous casting process, this is not only a uniform one and correct casting temperature are a prerequisite for the production of perfect strands. In a known system liquid steel is sucked from a ladle by vacuum into a relatively large intermediate vessel, ■ a bath with a relatively large bath depth is maintained in this. Despite the great expense of equipment If the degassing effect is insufficient and the temperature of the metal in the intermediate vessel drops rapidly. E? η further The disadvantage arises from the small difference in level between the metal in the pan and in the intermediate vessel, which Difference in height at a vacuum of z. B. 0.5 Torr is at most 1.4 m (ferrostatic pressure column). Pans with a capacity of 50 to 300 tons of steel, which has a vertical extension from about 2.5 to 4 m and are arranged at a lower level than the intermediate vessel, can therefore not be continuously degassed.

In known "Ötränggießanlagen a metallurgical Disadvantage when casting alloyed steels, with low

driger casting temperature result in that the in the Metals or alloys added to the pan during the tapping process only gradually dissolve, creating "considerable differences in the chemical composition, seen along the length of the strand.

The invention achieves the objects mentioned while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned; It is based on a system for continuous casting "'/ ^C / ^ne molten metals,: with a continuous casting mold, an intermediate vessel which is arranged above the continuous casting mold, can be sealed and evacuated in a gas-tight manner and is provided with an outlet pipe reaching below the metal level in the mold, a storage container for liquid metal and pneumatic conveying devices for conveying the ketalles from the storage container into the intermediate vessel, and is characterized according to its main feature in that a pressure chamber connected to a pneumatic pressure line is provided below the intermediate vessel in a known manner A pan filled with liquid metal can be used, and a riser extending from the bottom of the pan and penetrating the lid of the pressure chamber opens into the intermediate vessel, the length of the riser being so dimensioned that the difference in level between the metal in the intermediate vessel and in the pan is always more than 1.4 m, that is the height of the ferrostatic column at atmospheric pressure, and that the length of the outlet pipe is dimensioned so that the level difference between the metal in the intermediate vessel and in the mold is at most 1.5 m, so that when used by vacuum as a result of the removal of the ferrostatic pressure, the metal from the outlet pipe flows into the mold practically without pressure. Of course, the difference in level between the metal in the tundish and in the mold must not be less than 1.4 m when the tundish is completely evacuated, because otherwise the metal column in the outlet pipe would tear off. When the intermediate vessel is completely evacuated, the level difference is between the specified limit of 1.5 m and 1.4 m. If the intermediate vessel is not completely evacuated, the difference in level should be

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we Hf correspond to the applied vacuum.

': The machine ikoimat according to the invention is the liquid Metal '"it does not come into contact with the oxygen in the air, so that no undesired oxidation can occur the content of non-metallic inclusions is reduced, thereby causing defects in the cast strands Thin sheet avoided.

It is basically a continuous caster with a like the pan used according to the invention in the pressure chamber "known which by a riser with an intermediate vessel connected is. Here, however, is the intermediate vessel cannot be evacuated, so that neither a "pressureless" supply of the metal to the mold nor a vacuum treatment is possible.

The lower part of the ii. the outlet pipe reaching the mold can be widened in a funnel shape downwards. As a result of the constant transition from a smaller to a larger one Cross section within the funnel-shaped part of the Outlet pipe, the speed of the flowing metal is further reduced. When casting slabs, the Cross-section of the funnel-shaped part also designed oval being.

The lower part of the outlet pipe and the mold are suitably enclosed in a gas-tight manner by a hood, which hood can be connected to a line for the supply of a protective gas, such as argon, so that a gas space above the level of the metal in the mold is slightly overburdened can be produced. The outlet pipe pus also expediently consists of two parts which are releasably connected to one another by connecting elements such as flanges and brackets. The lower part of the outlet pipe can be made of a metal-ceramic material that consists mainly of molybdenum and zirconium oxide.

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There are further characteristics of the Mas Chinese according to the invention in that the pan has a sloping bottom and the riser from just above the deepest point of the pan bottom goes out; Furthermore, because - the riser is arranged eccentrically to the central axis of the pan. Are expedient the pressure chamber and the pan arranged on a mobile carriage.

The riser can be made from a Pressure chamber connected St ei särohr and one in the bottom of the intermediate vessel The inlet pipe used, the upper end of the riser pipe and the lower end of the inlet pipe are releasably connected by means of a slide connection. In order to connect the riser pipe and the inlet pipe to have enough space available in the intermediate vessel, the intermediate vessel can be raised and lowered. Furthermore the intermediate vessel can be swiveled «; among other things, to create space for maintenance work on the tundish.

According to a preferred embodiment, the intermediate vessel has one or more each reaching into a continuous casting mold Outlet pipes, the lower end of which is a little lower lies as the connection level of the riser pipe and the inlet pipe. This way it needs when making or resolving of the connection between the riser and the inlet pipe, the end of the outlet pipe does not extend over the surface of the lethal sump to be lifted out in the continuous casting mold, so that contamination of the steel in the continuous casting mold there is no need to fear access to oxygen.

The intermediate vessel advantageously has an inclined one Floor on or is inclined, with the upper edge of the inlet pipe is at a higher level than the upper edge of the outlet pipe s. The influence of the vacuum in the intermediate vessel results in an explosive degassing of the steel overflowing over the top of the inlet pipe, causing the steel to form a multitude of droplets

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divided "and as a result of the large surface area achieved here is subjected to a very effective vacuum treatment.

In the intermediate vessel above the mouth of the inlet ear can be a highly refractory hollow body with a nozzle-like Opening to change the direction of the through the pressure line be provided upwardly promoted metal beam.

The cross section of the riser and inlet pipe can be further be larger than the cross section of the outlet pipe. This enables the intermediate vessel to be filled and emptied quickly possible.

machine The continuous casting according to the invention / / is suitable in

especially for the continuous casting of molten metal, in which, without interruption, several Pans are poured in a row. In such a method it is proposed according to the invention that the on des liquid metal in the pan acting pneumatic pressure is temporarily canceled or reduced so much that metal flows back from the intermediate vessel into the pan, which and temperature differences in the liquid metal are balanced out. Using this measure, one obtains one, seen over the entire length of the strand, is very uniform chemical composition, because that at times return ^ larger subsets of the liquid metal flow from the Intermediate vessel in the pan causes in connection with the eccentric arrangement of the riser pipe in the pan effective circulation of the steel supply in the ladle. Metallic Additions, such as manganese, which were added to the pan before it was filled, dissolve under the influence the orbital movement and are evenly distributed. The temperature is evened out. In the intermediate vessel here a non-oxidizing atmosphere can be maintained.

A very effective method for degassing the metal to be cast is when using the invention

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Geaäßlaschine in that the intermediate vessel during the pumping des Hetallee evacuated from the pan to the intermediate vessel will. The metal enters the evacuated space of the interim gas under the effect of the pneumatic conveying pressure and divides it into a multitude of droplets. The degassing effect is optimal here.

Even if no vacuum treatment of the liquid metal is intended let, the intermediate vessel can be placed under during pouring reduced pressure, whereby the kinetic energy of the running out of the intermediate vessel in the continuous casting mold Metal beam is reduced and a deep penetration of the metal jet in the liquid sump of the strand avoided will.

A non-oxidizing pressure can be used to generate the pneumatic pressure acting on the surface of the metal in the pan Gas can be used.

The invention is closer to exemplary embodiments described, which are shown in more detail i of the drawing. Show it:

Pig. 1 shows a vertical section through a strand casting machine;

Pig. 2 is a plan view of an intermediate vessel with four outlet pipes ;

Pig. 3 with a vertical section through an intermediate vessel two outlet pipesu and

PIg. 4 with a vertical section through an intermediate vessel an outlet pipe.

In the

Pig. 5, 6, '7-

are particularly suitable embodiments of intermediate vessels for vacuum treatment of steel shown in vertical section;

Pig · 8 shows a continuous casting machine with a funnel-shaped widened outlet pipe, also in vertical section. _

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To the one in Pig. 1 shown belongs to the stranding machine a pan 1 which has an inclined bottom 2 and which is filled with liquid steel 3, on which one floats thin boblaokeohicht 4 * The pan 1 is in a pressure chamber 5 used. The pressure chamber consists of the lower part 6

and your cover part 7 »which has a fireproof insulation 8. The lower part 6 and the cover part 7 are connected to one another by a quickly releasable flange connection 9. In the pressure chamber 5 opens the line 10, through the compressed air or preferably a non-oxidizing gas such as argon, below Pressure can be initiated. In the lid 7 J st a refractory riser 12 installed so that the lower end of the Placing the lid 7 on the lower part 6 comes to stand just above the lowest point of the bottom 2 of the pan. The pressure chamber 5 is mounted on a "Zagen 11" and is together with the ladle 1 on the hut floor 36 below the Casting platform 35 can be built into a continuous casting plant.

The intermediate vessel 13 is arranged on the casting platform 35, which is made in two parts. The intermediate vessel preferably has a circular cross-section; its dimensions are kept as small as possible in order to reduce the temperature loss of the steel. The intermediate vessel 13 has a closed sheet metal housing 14, 15. The lower part is made of high refractory material 17, while the upper part may consist of refractory-cun insulating material 16. The The intermediate vessel 13 is at an acute angle to the casting platform? 5 inclined. At the lowest point is an inlet pipe 18 with a conical end piece 19 vertically into the bottom of the Intermediate vessel used. The inlet pipe 13 has the same diameter as riser pipe 12. The intermediate vessel 13 can be raised and lowered by means of a hydraulically operated cylinder 29. It can be drawn vertically up to about the dashed line Position 13 ', in which it is located before the start of operation. The cylinder 29 is on the casting platform 35 rotatably mounted. This rotary bearing is denoted by 30 and enables the intermediate vessel 13 to be pivoted so that the relining can be carried out more easily and the Continuous casting mold 31 can be expanded. The inlet pipe 18 of the intermediate vessel 13 is provided with a slide which is used as a rotary slide valve trained - can be connected. The slide 25 has a guide 26 into which the inlet pipe from above 18 and engage from below daj riser pipe 12, whereby a

positive connection is achieved. The guide 26 is water-cooled so that any leaks do not lead to breakthroughs liquid steel in the area of the connection. The water supply and discharge: -,.; ■, jiit 27 and 28 respectively.

The Zv.'ischen vessel 13 can with a refractory St t 21, which is actuated by a pneumatically driven cylinder 22, whereby the outlet pipe 20 closed bz «. the flow rate can be regulated: "A Housing 23 surrounds the passage point of the stopper rod through the upper 'wall of the intermediate vessel and forms one gastight closure.

In the working position, the outlet pipe 20 is submerged the metal mirror 32 in the continuous casting mold 31. The poured one Strand 33 is pulled vertically downward from the mold 31 and gradually bent over. The leading roles for the strand 33 are denoted by 34-.

Before the start of pouring, through the opening 24- of the intermediate vessel 13 a non-oxidizing gas, preferably argon, is blown into the intermediate vessel 13 and the interior, the riser, and inlet pipe 12, 18 as well as the outlet pipe 20 flushed or Filled with the protective gas so that the liquid steel does not oxidize when entering and flowing through the intermediate vessel can be attached to the opening 24- a not shown Vacuum pump can be connected.

At the start of pouring, the pressure kuauner 5 is introduced by introducing it of compressed air or nitrogen through line 10 on the slag 4-acting overpressure generated ^ by the Steel 3 is initially conveyed into the riser pipe 12 and into the intermediate vessel 13 up to the level 37. It is now possible by releasing the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 the To allow steel to flow back into the ladle 1, an effective mixture to eliminate concentration and Temperature differences in the pan takes place. This process can be carried out before and during casting and

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ground repeatedly if necessary. Is in the operating state the liquid steel in the intermediate vessel 13 is approximately at the level 38 and flows continuously through the outlet pipe 20 in the continuous casting mold 31. As soon as the ladle 1 is emptied down to a small residue, the slide 25 is closed, after the steel in the intermediate vessel 13 has been raised to approximately the level 39 beforehand. To extend the pan and give Being able to exchange another pan becomes the intermediate vessel after the pressure in the pressure chamber 5 has been released -> 13 raised by a few centimeters with the hydraulic cylinder 29, so that the inlet pipe closed with the slide 18 comes out of engagement with the riser pipe 12, but without the lower edge of the outlet pipe 20 over the metal surface 32 is lifted. The carriage 11 with the pressure chamber 5 and the emptied ladle 1 is removed and a second one Car, on which there is a second pressure chamber with a filled pan, brought in place of the first. After lowering of the intermediate vessel 13 is the connection of the riser restored. After the introduction of pressurized gas into the pressure chamber, the slide 25 can be opened and the steel flow again into the intermediate vessel 13, in which meanwhile the Metal mirror has fallen from about level 39 to level 38 is. The amount of liquid metal stored in the intermediate vessel 13 must be coordinated with the length of time for changing the pans. In this way is a continuous Continuous casting of liquid steel feasible, whereby - how from Fig. 1 can be seen - the Bauhöbo of the entire system can be kept very small. When arranging the pan 1 on a carriage 11, a stopperless pan can be used , whereby the operational safety is improved.

In Fig. 2 is an intermediate vessel 40 with four outlet pipes 20 ', 20 ", 20'", 20 "" are shown, which are located above the molds of four strands 33 ', 33 ", 33'", 33 ""; Fig. 3 shows an intermediate vessel 41 with two outlet pipes 20 ', 20 "and the associated stopper 21 ', 21". The mouth of the inlet pipe 18 'is lower than the upper openings of the Outlet pipes. In the embodiment of FIG. 4 is in

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buckets intermediate vessel 42, which consists of an upper part 43 and a lintertv._ ·. 1 44 there is a recess 45 to form a sump. In the operating state, the metal is at level 38 ', before the pans are changed at level 39'. The storage volume between levels 39 'and 38' is matched to the duration of the ladle change. The outlet pipe 20 'can also _{># be provided} with a plug. The vacuum pump and the line for connecting this pump to the tundish are in the Pig. 2 to 4 not shown.

In FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 intermediate vessels 46, 58, shown, which are preferably used when degassing of the steel is to take place. This is where the top edge is of the inlet pipe 18 'either at the same level 51 of the liquid metal in the intermediate vessel (Fig. 5) or lies above this level (Fig. 6). The intermediate vessel 46, 58, 60 can be connected to a vacuum line 49, which is offset is arranged from the axis of the inlet pipe 18 '.

Before evacuating the intermediate vessel 46, the outlet pipe 20 'is closed with a pot-shaped cover 53, which is pressed against a bracket 52 by fastening clips 54 (Fig. 5) A suitable vacuum seal 55 creates a gas-tight seal. The lid 53 consists, for. B. from steel. As soon as a poured amount of steel is present in the intermediate vessel 46, the bottom 56 of the lid 53 melts through and the metal beam 57 flows into the continuous casting mold 31, which instant is the start of casting. \

When the steel enters the evacuated space of the intermediate vessel 46, 58, 60, the steel is explosively in a multitude of droplets split up and the degassing takes place through the formation of an extraordinarily large surface very quickly and effectively, without the surface 51 of the lethal sump having to be kept large. The metal droplets

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are shyly labeled 50. At 48, the brickwork is finished and with 47 a perforated stone for the insertion of an inlet pipe 18 ', which has a conical extension 19', so that the exchange can be carried out from the outside (Pig. 5). the effect of the vacuum on the liquid steel through the use of a highly refractory hollow body 61 with a nozzle-like JÖohrung improved over the inlet pipe 13 'is built in ^ (Fig. 7). The axis of the bore of the, Hollow body 61 is raw to the 4 axis of the inlet ?, it 18 'is inclined so that the metal droplets 50 in the intermediate vessel 60 as possible. cover a long distance before hitting the metal sump.

Of course, the intermediate vessels 42, 58, 60 can also be equipped with stoppers that can be installed and actuated in a similar way to that in connection with Pig. I was purified. The amount of metal flowing into the ^{Stranggußko 1} * - ^ lIo can be regulated by changing the metal level in the intermediate vessel or by actuating the stopper.

To the kinetic energy of entering the mold 31 To reduce or largely cancel the metal beam, are also according to a preferred embodiment evacuated the intermediate vessels during pouring. If the Difference in height h (FIG. 7) between the melt levels 32 or 51 in the mold 31 and in the intermediate vessel 60 about 1.4 m , when a vacuum of about 0.5 Torr is applied, as a result of the removal of the ferrostatic pressure, the Steel enters the mold 31 practically without pressure. To this Way, a deep penetration of the jet into the liquid core 62 and damage to the already solidified Edge layer 63 of the cast strand 33 avoided. Casting tubes 20 * open at the bottom can be used, which are simple and inexpensive to manufacture will.

Even when using the intermediate vessels according to the Fig. 5 »6 and 7 can be several times before or during casting

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a portion of the liquid metal can be allowed to flow back into the pan 1 from the intermediate vessel 46, 53, 60 in order to bring about a concentration or temperature equalization there. The prerequisite is that the level 51 of the liquid metal is correspondingly high above the outlet opening of the outlet pipe 20 'so that no interruption of the pouring occurs. The return of the metal located in the riser pipe 12 and inlet pipe 18 'takes place after the pressure has been released, in the pressure chamber 5 and after the vacuum in the intermediate vessel 46, 53, 60 has been released.

In order to ensure a rapid return of metal portions into the pan 1 and a rapid filling of the intermediate containers 13, 40, 41, 46, 58, 60, the cross section of the riser and inlet pipes 12, 18, 18 'is kept much larger than the cross section of the outlet tube or tubes 20, 20 '.

In Fig. 8 is a one-piece machine 20a and 20b, the existing outlet pipe 20 is shown, the end of which is widened in a funnel shape. The lower part 20a of the Outlet pipe and the mold 31 are sealed gas-tight by a hood 65, which hood with a line 66 for the Feed from * xgon is connected. As a result, there is a slight overpressure above the level 32 of the metal in the mold standing gas space 67 can be produced. The lower part 2Ca of the outlet pipe 20 consists of one made of molybdenum and zirconium oxide built-up metal-ceramic material and is detachable with the upper part 20b by means of flanges 68, 69 and clips 70 tied together.

The invention is also advantageous in vertical continuous casting plants applicable, whose casting platform z. B. is arranged 20 m above the hut hallway; in such vertical systems the lifting is The filled, heavy ladle to the required height is not only difficult, but also very dangerous. When using the invention, however, can also with vertical systems the ladle can be arranged at any distance under the casting platform, whereby this is relieved and

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Can be built more easily, usually in a steelworks compressed air with a pressure of 4 to 5 atmospheres is always available, which allows the conveyance of liquid steel over a height difference of approx. 5 »6 to 7 m. With an additional turn of a Yolcuuss is Swischcnsefiiß can come to a height of 7 to 8.4 m. Thus, the advantage of being able to arrange the heavy ladle as deep as you want is utilizable in all types of systems and in individual cases only an increase in the compressed air pressure θ in the pressure chamber would be necessary, which can be carried out without any problems.

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Claims (15)

Expectations 1. Stranggießmaschine_ for molten metals with a continuous casting mold, a gas-tight lockable and evacuable intermediate vessel arranged above the continuous casting mold, which is stranded with an outlet tube reaching below the * Mbtallneveaus in the mold, a storage container for liquid metal and pneumatic conveying devices for conveying the metal from the storage container to the intermediate vessel, characterized in that a pressure chamber (5) connected to a pneumatic pressure line (10) is provided below the intermediate vessel (13) in a manner known per se, into which a pan (1) filled with liquid metal can be inserted , and a riser (12) extending from the bottom (2) of the pan and penetrating the lid (7) of the pressure chamber opens into the tundish, the length of the riser (12) being such that the level difference between the metal in the tundish and Always more than 1.4 m in the pan, that is the height d he ferrostatic column at atmospheric pressure, and that the length of the outlet pipe (20, 20 ¹ ) is such that the level difference between the metal in the tundish and in the mold is at most 1.5 m, so that when a vacuum is used as a result of Removal of the ferrostatic pressure and the metal flows into the mold from the outlet pipe practically without pressure. 2.Maschine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part (20a) of the outlet pipe (20, 20 ') reaching into the mold (31) expanded downward in a funnel-shaped manner is. 701337710.1Z70 - 16 - 3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower part (20a) of the outlet pipe (20, 2O ¹ ) and the mold (31) from a hood C 65) are gastight and uuiFChlQssen j which house ^v ί with a line (66) for the supply of a protective gas, such as ^ rgon, can be connected, so that a gas space (67) which is under slight overpressure can be produced above the level (32) of the metal in the mold (31) » 4. Machine according to Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that that the outlet pipe (20, 20 ') consists of two parts (20a, 20b) which are connected to one another by connecting elements, such as flanges (68, 69) and brackets (? 0), releasably connected are. 5, machine according to claims 2 to 4-, tfaduroh characterized in that the lower part (20a) of the.-.--. rlcofrohres (20, 20 ¹ ) is made of a Metallkcramischen Y / erstoff, which consists mainly of molybdenum and zirconium oxide. 6. Mas ch ine according to claims 1 to 5> characterized in that the pan (1) has an inclined bottom (2), and the riser (12) from just above the deepest point of the pan bottom. 7. Machine according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the riser (12) is arranged eccentrically to the central axis of the pan (1). 8.Machine according to claims 1 to 7 »characterized in that that the pressure chamber (5) and the Pfsinne (1) on one mobile carriages (11) are arranged. 9. Machine according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the riser from a with the cover (7) of the pressure chamber (-5) connected riser pipe (12) and a there is an inlet pipe (18) inserted in the bottom of the intermediate vessel (13), the upper end of the riser pipe 701337710.tt.70 - 17 - (12) and the lower end of the inlet pipe (18) medium :. a slide connection (25,26) are releasably connected. 10.) Machine according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the intermediate vessel (13) can be raised, lowered and pivoted. 11.) Machine according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the intermediate vessel (13,40,41,42) has one or more outlet pipes (20,2O ¹ , 20 ¹¹ , 20 · " , 20 ""), the lower end of which is a bit lower than the connecting plane of the riser pipe (12) and the inlet pipe (18). 12.) Machine according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the intermediate vessel (46,58,60) has an inclined bottom or is inclined, wherein the upper edge of the inlet pipe (18 ') is at a higher level than the upper edge of the Outlet pipe (20 ¹ ). 13.) Machine according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the intermediate ^{vessel (60) above the mouth of the inlet pipe (I8 1} ) a highly refractory hollow body (6l) with a nozzle-like opening for changing the direction of the through the pressure line (18 ¹ ) is provided above promoted metal beam. 14.) Machine according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that that the cross section of the riser and inlet pipe (18,18 *) is larger than the cross section of the Outlet pipe (20, 20 '). 7013377 10.1Z70 - 18 - 15.) Machine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by a device with which the liquid metal (5) in the pan (i) acting pneumatic pressure can be temporarily canceled or reduced to such an extent that metal is used Compensation of concentration and temperature differences in the liquid metal from the intermediate vessel (13) flows back into the pan (1). 701337710.1170