DE19816367A1 - Molded construction material especially a roof covering material - Google Patents
Molded construction material especially a roof covering materialInfo
- Publication number
- DE19816367A1 DE19816367A1 DE1998116367 DE19816367A DE19816367A1 DE 19816367 A1 DE19816367 A1 DE 19816367A1 DE 1998116367 DE1998116367 DE 1998116367 DE 19816367 A DE19816367 A DE 19816367A DE 19816367 A1 DE19816367 A1 DE 19816367A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- building materials
- waste
- aggregates
- melt
- shaped building
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002468 ceramisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010792 electronic scrap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012332 laboratory investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prosulfocarb Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B32/00—Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- C04B32/005—Artificial stone obtained by melting at least part of the composition, e.g. metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft geformte Baumaterialien, vorzugsweise Dachdeckungsmaterial sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung im Rahmen der Reststoffverwertung von Abfallstoffen unterschied lichster Art.The invention relates to shaped building materials, preferably Roofing material and process for its manufacture in Difference in the recycling of residues from waste materials of the lightest kind.
Recycling bzw. die Wertstoff-Rückgewinnung sind bekannte Technologien für Kunststoffe, Glas, Verpackungsmaterialien, Papier, Elektronik-Schrott usw.Recycling or the recovery of valuable materials are known Technologies for plastics, glass, packaging materials, Paper, electronic scrap, etc.
Dagegen sind industrielle und kommunale Abfallstoffe nur mit hohem Aufwand zu entsorgen bzw. einer Wiederverwertung zuzu führen. Besondere Probleme ergeben sich aus der uneinheitli chen Zusammensetzung und dem Gehalt an Schwermetallen. Einige dieser Abfallstoffe werden lediglich als Zuschlagstoffe verwendet, so daß es an geeigneten und wirtschaftlich effek tiven Anwendungsgebieten mangelt.In contrast, industrial and municipal waste are only included high effort to dispose of or recycle to lead. Particular problems arise from the inconsistent Chen composition and the content of heavy metals. Some of these waste materials are only used as additives used so that it is at suitable and economically effec tive application areas are lacking.
Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine wirtschaftliche und marktorientierte Verwertung dieser Abfallstoffe zu er reichen und verbesserte Eigenschaften der Erzeugnisse gegen über Naturprodukten zu erzielen.The invention is based on the problem of an economic and market-oriented recycling of these waste materials rich and improved properties of the products against to achieve over natural products.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Problem mit den kennzeichnenden Merk malen der Patentansprüche gelöst.According to the invention the problem with the characteristic note paint the claims solved.
Von besonderer Bedeutung für das Erreichen der gewünschten Eigenschaften (insbesondere Eluatverhalten, TWB, offene Porosität) und deren Stabilisierung ist die Tatsache, daß in der Schmelzphase eine Online-Viskositätsmessung und eine Zu dosierung weiterer Stoffe erfolgt, um eine konstante und tem peraturabhangige Viskosität zu erreichen bzw. die zur Erhaltung konstanter Viskositätswerte bei konstanter Temperatur führt.Of particular importance for achieving the desired one Properties (especially eluate behavior, TWB, open Porosity) and their stabilization is the fact that in an online viscosity measurement and a Zu Dosing of other substances takes place in order to maintain a constant and tem to achieve temperature-dependent viscosity or the Maintenance of constant viscosity values with constant Temperature leads.
Die Online- Viskositätsmessung erfolgt nach Methoden, die aus der Glasindustrie bekannt sind.The online viscosity measurement is carried out according to methods are known to the glass industry.
Für jedes einzusetzende Grundsystem wird zunächst eine Labor untersuchung hinsichtlich der Eluatwerte notwendig.For each basic system to be used, there is first a laboratory investigation into the eluate values necessary.
Die Eluatwerte werden sehr häufig von der Grundstruktur des Glases beeinflußt, wobei diese Grundstruktur wiederum inner halb gewisser Schwankungsbreiten von der temperaturabhängigen Viskosität indirekt gekennzeichnet ist.The eluate values are very often determined by the basic structure of the Glases influenced, this basic structure in turn half-certain fluctuation ranges from the temperature-dependent Viscosity is marked indirectly.
Die Farbe und die Endeigenschaften können durch ein defi niertes Abkühl- Regime, vorzugsweise von ca. 0,5 bis ca. 3 K/min., beeinflußt werden.The color and the final properties can be defined by a defi cooling regime, preferably from about 0.5 to about 3 K / min., Are influenced.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Farbgebung kann durch eine Keramisierung durch Kontakt des noch heißen Formkörpers mit einer niedrigviskosen Schmelze in Form einer Glasur erfolgen. Unter Ausnutzung der Restwärme des Formkörpers kommt es zu einer besonders starken Haftung und zur weiteren Verbesserung der Oberflächeneigenschaften.Another way of coloring can be done by a Ceramization by contact of the still hot molded body with a low-viscosity melt in the form of a glaze. It takes advantage of the residual heat of the molded body a particularly strong liability and for further improvement the surface properties.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Baumaterialien weisen Eigenschaften auf, die gegenüber den aus natürlichen Rohstoffen hergestellten überlegen sind.The building materials according to the invention have properties compared to those made from natural raw materials are superior.
So besteht im Temperaturbereich von 100 bis 150°C eine sehr gute TWB, die Restporosität beträgt 0% und das Eluatverhalten als wesentliches Kriterium zeigt eine stabile Einbindung von Schwermetallen in das Netzwerk, so daß eine Auslaugung unter halb der Nachweisgrenze liegt.There is a very high temperature range from 100 to 150 ° C good TWB, the residual porosity is 0% and the eluate behavior as an essential criterion shows a stable integration of Heavy metals in the network, so that leaching under is half the detection limit.
Die Restporosität von ca. 0% ermöglicht eine sehr hohe Lebens dauer der erfindungsgemäßen Materialien.The residual porosity of approx. 0% enables a very high life duration of the materials according to the invention.
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Verwertung von Galvanik schlämmen, die ansonsten als Sondermüll zu deklarieren sind, und die marktorientierte Verwertung der Schlacken aus Müllver brennungsanlagen.The recycling of electroplating is of particular importance sludges that are otherwise to be declared as hazardous waste, and the market-oriented recycling of the slag from refuse combustion plants.
Die einzusetzenden Abfall- und Zuschlagstoffe können unter schiedlichster Natur und Zusammensetzung sein.The waste and aggregates to be used can be found at different nature and composition.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Beispiel näher erläutert werden.The invention is illustrated below using an example are explained.
Die zugehörige Zeichnung stellt ein Diagramm dar, das die Ab hängigkeit der Viskosität der Schlacke von der Zusammensetzung und der Temperatur repräsentiert.The accompanying drawing represents a diagram that shows the Ab dependence of the viscosity of the slag on the composition and represents the temperature.
Der Siedlungsabfall wird in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage ther misch behandelt. Die erhaltene Schlacke wird im flüssigen Zu stand mit 20 Gew.-% Weißglas versetzt. Die für die gewünschten Endeigenschaften, insbesondere Eluatverhalten und Porosität, notwendige Zusammensetzung wird zuvor in Laboruntersuchungen ermittelt, um konstante Viskositätswerte bei konstanter Tem peratur zu erhalten.The municipal waste is ther in a waste incineration plant mixed treated. The slag obtained is in the liquid stood with 20 wt .-% white glass. The one for the ones you want Final properties, in particular eluate behavior and porosity, necessary composition is previously determined in laboratory tests determined to constant viscosity values at constant tem to maintain temperature.
Weitere Versätze sind im Diagramm dargestellt.Further offsets are shown in the diagram.
Die Stabilisierung der Endeigenschaften wird durch eine Online-Viskositätsmessung zwischen 101 bis 105 Pas der Schmelze überwacht. Dabei kommen die aus der Glasindustrie be kannten Viskosimeter zur Anwendung.The stabilization of the final properties is monitored by an online viscosity measurement between 10 1 to 10 5 Pas of the melt. The viscometers known from the glass industry are used here.
Nach Erreichen konstanter Viskositätswerte bei konstanter Tem peratur erfolgt das Ausgießen der 1350 bis 1450°C heißen Schlacke in eine etwa 950°C heiße Form aus Alugießereisand. Anschließend erfolgt ein definiertes Abkühlregime, das Einfluß auf die Endeigenschaften und Farbe hat.After reaching constant viscosity values at constant tem temperature is poured out at 1350 to 1450 ° C Slag in an approximately 950 ° C hot mold made of aluminum foundry sand. Then there is a defined cooling regime, the influence on the final properties and color.
Zunächst erfolgt eine Abkühlung bis ca. 750°C mit einer Ge schwindigkeit von 1 K/min. Die weitere Abkühlung mit 2 K/min. erfolgt bis zu 650°C mit einer anschließenden Haltezeit von 1 Stunde. Die Abkühlung bis zur Raumtemperatur erfolgt mit ca. 3 k/min. Zur Erhaltung eines schwarzen unkristallisierten Materials sind beispielsweise Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten von kleiner 1 K/min. notwendig.First, it cools down to approx. 750 ° C with a Ge speed of 1 K / min. Further cooling at 2 K / min. takes place up to 650 ° C with a subsequent holding time of 1 Hour. Cooling down to room temperature takes about 3 k / min. To preserve a black uncrystallized Materials are, for example, cooling rates of less than 1 K / min. necessary.
Anschließend erfolgt die Entnahme des erzeugten Ziegels aus der Form.The brick is then removed from the Shape.
Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Materialien sind in ihren Eigenschaften denen aus Naturstoffen überlegen.The materials produced according to the invention are in their Properties superior to those from natural materials.
Die TWB wurde durch Abschreckung der 100 bis 150°C heißen Probekörper in Wasser bestimmt. Dabei traten auch nach 17 Ab schreckungen keine Verschlechterungen (Ermittlung der Schall- Laufzeit) ein.The TWB was called by quenching the 100 to 150 ° C Specimen determined in water. They also left after 17 horrors no deterioration (determination of sound Term).
Das Eluatverhalten (DIN 38414 Teil 4 in Kombination mit dem Schweizer Test) zeigt eine stabile Einbindung in das Netzwerk (Auslösungen unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze für alle kritischen Materialien wie Chrom, Blei Cadmium usw.).The eluate behavior (DIN 38414 part 4 in combination with the Swiss test) shows a stable integration into the network (Triggering below the detection limit for all critical Materials such as chrome, lead cadmium, etc.).
Eine Flügelligkeit, bedingt durch die Formgebungsmöglichkeiten
(Gießen oder Pressen), ist praktisch nicht vorhanden.
There is practically no wing, due to the design options (casting or pressing).
Tropftest: nicht vorhanden
Dreipunktbiegefestigkeit: 70 MPa
Restporosität: 0%.Drip test: not available
Three-point bending strength: 70 MPa
Residual porosity: 0%.
Das erfindungsgemäße Material kann durch eine Oberflächen kristallisation oder Keramisierung (Glasurauftrag durch eine niedrigviskose Schmelze auf den noch heißen Formkörper) weiter veredelt werden, wobei die Farbe und die mechanisch physikalischen Eigenschaften beeinflußbar sind.The material according to the invention can have a surface crystallization or ceramization (glaze application by a low-viscosity melt on the still hot molded body) be refined, the color and the mechanical physical properties can be influenced.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1998116367 DE19816367A1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1998-04-03 | Molded construction material especially a roof covering material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1998116367 DE19816367A1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1998-04-03 | Molded construction material especially a roof covering material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19816367A1 true DE19816367A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
Family
ID=7864403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1998116367 Withdrawn DE19816367A1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 1998-04-03 | Molded construction material especially a roof covering material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19816367A1 (en) |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE404678C (en) * | 1921-08-08 | 1924-10-20 | Schmelz Und Huettenwerk Obersc | Process for the recovery of household and commercial garbage or similar waste |
| DE494403C (en) * | 1925-11-21 | 1930-03-22 | Musag Ges Fuer Den Bau Von Mue | Device for tempering silicate masses obtained by melting garbage or waste of a similar type |
| DE2030640A1 (en) * | 1970-04-16 | 1972-01-13 | Hünlich, Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Werner, 5601 Dönberg | Concrete aggregate - from glass - contng slowly cooled refuse slag |
| DE1771879A1 (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1972-02-24 | Huenlich Hans Werner Dipl Ing | Production of a concrete aggregate, especially for lighter concrete parts, from waste slag |
| EP0033133A1 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-08-05 | Licencia Talalmanyokat Ertekesitö Vallalat | Process for producing molten silicate materials |
| DE3207623A1 (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1983-09-29 | Kneule, Gerhard, 7440 Nürtingen | Porous ceramic shaped body, method for its manufacture, and its use |
| DE3414399A1 (en) * | 1984-04-17 | 1985-10-24 | Georg Dr.phil.nat. Dipl.-Chem. 4620 Castrop-Rauxel Fritsch | Process for disposing of iron-containing dust-form or sludge-form refuse, for example filter dusts, of metallurgical industries |
| DE3512516A1 (en) * | 1985-04-06 | 1986-10-09 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Inorganic moulding compound with electrostatic precipitator ash as brick-forming component |
| DE8904633U1 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1989-08-31 | Kreyenberg, Heiner, Dipl.-Ing., 4030 Ratingen | Ceramic building block |
| DE3841221A1 (en) * | 1988-12-07 | 1990-06-13 | Siemens Ag | METHOD FOR PURIFYING THE FUMES FROM COMBUSTION PLANTS |
| DE3939089A1 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-05-29 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | SILICATED GLASS BUILDING MATERIAL |
| DE3939202A1 (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-05-29 | Rwe Energie Ag | Combusted residues disposal from incinerators - by feeding residues in melting chamber, of power station boiler plant, to be incorporated in slag for disposal |
| DE4208124A1 (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-16 | Schikore Haro | Solid residue inactivation - by reductive melting, oxidn., and processing to glass or ceramic |
-
1998
- 1998-04-03 DE DE1998116367 patent/DE19816367A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE404678C (en) * | 1921-08-08 | 1924-10-20 | Schmelz Und Huettenwerk Obersc | Process for the recovery of household and commercial garbage or similar waste |
| DE494403C (en) * | 1925-11-21 | 1930-03-22 | Musag Ges Fuer Den Bau Von Mue | Device for tempering silicate masses obtained by melting garbage or waste of a similar type |
| DE1771879A1 (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1972-02-24 | Huenlich Hans Werner Dipl Ing | Production of a concrete aggregate, especially for lighter concrete parts, from waste slag |
| DE2030640A1 (en) * | 1970-04-16 | 1972-01-13 | Hünlich, Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Werner, 5601 Dönberg | Concrete aggregate - from glass - contng slowly cooled refuse slag |
| EP0033133A1 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-08-05 | Licencia Talalmanyokat Ertekesitö Vallalat | Process for producing molten silicate materials |
| DE3207623A1 (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1983-09-29 | Kneule, Gerhard, 7440 Nürtingen | Porous ceramic shaped body, method for its manufacture, and its use |
| DE3414399A1 (en) * | 1984-04-17 | 1985-10-24 | Georg Dr.phil.nat. Dipl.-Chem. 4620 Castrop-Rauxel Fritsch | Process for disposing of iron-containing dust-form or sludge-form refuse, for example filter dusts, of metallurgical industries |
| DE3512516A1 (en) * | 1985-04-06 | 1986-10-09 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Inorganic moulding compound with electrostatic precipitator ash as brick-forming component |
| DE3841221A1 (en) * | 1988-12-07 | 1990-06-13 | Siemens Ag | METHOD FOR PURIFYING THE FUMES FROM COMBUSTION PLANTS |
| DE8904633U1 (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1989-08-31 | Kreyenberg, Heiner, Dipl.-Ing., 4030 Ratingen | Ceramic building block |
| DE3939089A1 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-05-29 | Sorg Gmbh & Co Kg | SILICATED GLASS BUILDING MATERIAL |
| DE3939202A1 (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-05-29 | Rwe Energie Ag | Combusted residues disposal from incinerators - by feeding residues in melting chamber, of power station boiler plant, to be incorporated in slag for disposal |
| DE4208124A1 (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-16 | Schikore Haro | Solid residue inactivation - by reductive melting, oxidn., and processing to glass or ceramic |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| BEYER,Lutz G., KITSCHEN,Leo: Baustoffe aus Hafenschlick. In: Umwelt, Bd.21, 1991, Nr.1/2, Jan./Feb., S.37-39 * |
| Prospekt: Flugaschezemtent der Fa. UTT, Umwelttechnik Teltow, 1996 * |
| ZAUSCHER,Renate: Wohnhäuser aus verbranntem Müll. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, Nr.186, 14/15. Aug. 1985, S.18 * |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
| 8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licenses declared | ||
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |