CN111374148A - 一种含烯虫酯的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents
一种含烯虫酯的杀虫组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing aromatic radicals
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及了一种杀虫组合物，组合物包含活性组分A和活性组分B，活性组分A选自(S)‑烯虫酯、烯虫酯的一种，活性组分B选自马拉硫磷、双硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷及杀螟硫磷的一种，通过活性化合物之间的协同作用，扩大杀虫谱及和应用领域，有效控制害虫的各个阶段的虫态，提高防治效果，减少药剂用量，降低防治成本，延缓抗药性，具有生产实用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种杀虫组合物，更具体而言，本发明涉及含(S)-烯虫酯/烯虫酯的杀虫组合物，用于防控叮刺/吮吸有害生物及仓储害虫。
背景技术
烯虫酯(Methoprene,Cas:40596-69-8)及(S)-烯虫酯(S-methoprene,Cas:65733-16-6)，属保幼激素类似物(IRAC 7A)，抑制害虫生长发育，干扰早龄幼虫脱皮，抑制幼虫变为成虫，造成畸形的蛹或成虫，致成虫死亡或无生殖能力。烯虫酯对鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目、膜翅目等很多害虫活性高，如象虫类、大谷盗、麦蛾、印度谷螟、蚊蝇(幼虫)等。烯虫酯及(S)-烯虫酯对害虫成虫的活性差，药效缓慢，防治幼虫效果好，且杀卵活性高。烯虫酯及(S)-烯虫酯在美国已获得EPA在食物残留要求上的豁免权，非常适合作为粮食保护剂，防治仓储害虫。
有机磷类杀虫剂为乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂(IRAC 1B)，具有广谱、高效、低残留、合成简单、价格便宜的特点，而被广泛应用。马拉硫磷(Malathion,Cas:121-75-5)、甲基嘧啶磷(Pirimiphos-methyl,Cas:29232-93-7)、杀螟硫磷(Fenitrothion，Cas:122-14-5)、双硫磷(Temephos,Cas:3383-96-8)等药剂毒性低、高效、低残留、具一定熏蒸作用而用来防治卫生、仓储等害虫，其对双翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目等害虫的成虫及幼虫活性高，但其对卵活性差，长时间使用单剂害虫易对其产生抗性，且持效期短。
蚊虫是世界上最重要的病媒生物，能传播疟疾、塞卡病毒、登革热等疾病，严重威胁人类的生命安全。孳生地处理为蚊虫防治的根本手段，而有机磷是目前我国登记防治蚊幼虫的一类主要药剂。双硫磷、倍硫磷作为孳生地处理的常用药剂，长期使用蚊虫已对其产生抗药性，山东济南、江苏南京、无锡、徐州、广东广州、深圳、潮汕等地均报道淡色库蚊和/或白纹伊蚊幼虫对双硫磷生产不同程度抗性(赵志刚等，2016；陈志龙等，2011；陈金等，2018；王义冠，2016)，防治效果明显下降。仓储害虫严重影响着仓储原粮的质量和数量，是原粮储存过程一直存在的老大难问题，而目前国内登记防治仓储害虫的杀虫剂数量少且成分单一，以马拉硫磷等有机磷为主，且持效期短，高频率地使用加剧抗性问题，防治效果大打折扣。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述问题，提供了一种高效、环保，防控叮刺/吮吸有害生物及仓储害虫的杀虫组合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述杀虫组合物的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
该杀虫组合物，其特征在于：组合物包含活性组分A和活性组分B，活性组分A选自(S)-烯虫酯、烯虫酯的一种，活性组分B选自马拉硫磷、双硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷及杀螟硫磷的一种。
所述杀虫组合物，其特征在于：组合物包含活性组分A和活性组分B，活性组分A选自(S)-烯虫酯，活性组分B选自马拉硫磷、双硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷及杀螟硫磷。
所述杀虫组合物，其特征在于：活性组分A与活性组分B质量比为40:1～1:40，进一步优选10:1～1:10，更进一步优选1:5～1:10。
所述杀虫组合物按照常规方法制成各种剂型，包括但不限于乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂、微囊悬浮剂、悬浮剂、可溶液剂、可湿性分剂、水分散粒剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、气雾剂。依据实际情况选择合适的剂型。
将杀虫组合物配制的制剂直接或经溶剂稀释后使用，根据要达到的目的和所处的环境，按照组合物的性质选择施用方法，以喷雾、超低容量、滞留喷洒、热雾、喷射、喷粉、撒施等方法处理害虫或其栖息地。
本发明涉及的杀虫组合物，适用于控制节肢动物，更优选叮刺/吮吸有害生物和仓储害虫。
所述叮刺/吮吸昆虫包括但不限于蚊虫(例如埃及伊蚊、白纹伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊、致倦库蚊、淡色库蚊、骚扰库蚊、尖音库蚊、凶小库蚊、三带喙库蚊、冈比亚按蚊、阿拉伯按蚊、全黑按蚊、微小按蚊、大劣按蚊、斯氏按蚊、中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊等)；蝇(家蝇、夏厕蝇、刺舌蝇、牛虻、麻蝇、致蛆病蝇、牛皮蝇、丽蝇、纹皮蝇、肠胃蝇、嗜人锥蝇等)；跳蚤(如人蚤、印鼠客蚤、犬栉首蚤、猫栉首蚤等)；虱子(如人虱、猪血虱、羊畜虱等)；臭虫(如温带臭虫、长红猎蝽等)；蜱虫(如蓖子硬蜱、肩突硬蜱、微小牛蜱、非洲钝缘蜱、鸽锐缘蜱等)；螨(如疥螨、鸡皮刺螨、粗脚粉螨、法嗜皮螨等)。
优选地，所述叮刺及吮吸昆虫为：蚊虫、跳蚤及臭虫。
所述仓储害虫包括但不限于象虫类(例如米象、玉米象)、谷蠹、大谷盗、赤拟谷盗、长角扁谷盗、脊胸露尾甲、麦蛾、印度谷螟。
优选地，所述仓储害虫为：象虫类及赤拟谷盗。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)昆虫生长调节剂与作用于神经/肌肉的杀虫剂复配，优势互补，能有效控制害虫整个生命周期的各个阶段的虫态，减少杀虫剂用量，延缓抗药性。
(2)杀虫组合物能治理蚊虫对有机磷类的抗性，杀灭未被有机磷控制的蚊虫，减缓抗性，提高防治效果。
(3)杀虫组合物能治理仓储害虫对有机磷类的抗性，在不影响食品安全性的前提下，延长防治时间，减少用药频率，减缓抗性。
(4)本发明活性组分作用机制差异大，复配后对蚊、跳蚤、米象、谷蠹、麦蛾等害虫有明显的增效作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明，但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到，本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
应用实施列1：淡色库蚊幼虫室内试验
供试对象：淡色库蚊，3龄幼虫，室内敏感品系。
试验药剂：分别称取S-烯虫酯、双硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷原药，用适量丙酮溶解，并加入蒸馏水配成所需浓度母液；将上述母液按一定比例混合制成混合母液。
试验方法：参考农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价第5部分：蚊幼防治剂NY/T 1151.5-2014，取1L烧杯，加入1L配制药液，每杯放入健康淡色库蚊3龄幼虫30头，每天观察幼虫死亡和化蛹情况，并将蛹取出观察其羽化情况；三次重复，并设空白对照组；标准饲养，正常羽化的记为活虫数，羽化失败的记为死虫数，计算死亡率。
评价方法：采用Bliss法，该方法是评价混剂作用的经典方法之一。Bliss根据其提出的独立联合作用概念，杀虫剂混用时理论死亡率P可用以下公式计算：
P＝Pm+Pn(1-Pm)，其中Pm为第一活性成分为浓度m时靶标的死亡率(％)；Pn为第二活性成分浓度n时靶标的死亡率(％)。
如果两种活性成分在以一定浓度混合后靶标的实际死亡率大于理论死亡率P，则判定两种活性成分在设定浓度下混合使用时具有增效作用，反之则为拮抗作用。
试验结果：见表1，(S)-烯虫酯与双硫磷/甲基嘧啶磷复配比例40:1～1:40时防治淡色库蚊幼虫有增效作用，复配比例1:5～1:10时，增效最明显。
表1(S)-烯虫酯复配药剂对淡色库蚊幼虫的杀灭效果
应用实施列2：白纹伊蚊幼虫室内试验
供试对象：白纹伊蚊，3龄幼虫，室内敏感品系。
试验药剂：分别称取烯虫酯、马拉硫磷及杀螟硫磷原药，加入适量丙酮溶解，并加入蒸馏水配成所需浓度母液，将上述母液按一定比例混合制成混合母液。
试验方法：参考农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价第5部分：蚊幼防治剂NY/T 1151.5-2014，取直径为30cm、深度为10cm的白瓷盆，盆里放8cm深的清水，每盆放入健康白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫50头，根据盆内水面积，按剂量加入配好的药剂，每天观察幼虫死亡和化蛹情况，并将蛹取出观察其羽化情况。三次重复，并设空白对照组。
试验结果：见表2，烯虫酯与杀螟硫磷/马拉硫磷复配，利用不同的作用机理，对白纹伊蚊幼虫及蛹都有杀灭效果，在相同剂量下，复配制剂防治率比单剂更高。
表2烯虫酯复配混剂对白纹伊蚊幼虫及蛹的杀灭效果
应用实施列3：跳蚤室内试验
试验对象：印鼠客蚤，卵。
供试药剂：将(S)-烯虫酯、马拉硫磷及甲基嘧啶磷原药，加入适量丙酮溶解，并加入蒸馏水配成所需浓度母液，将上述母液按一定比例混合制成混合母液。
试验方法：采用浸渍法，将上述母液分别配制成系列浓度；将卵移至加有药液的烧杯，药剂处理后，转移至正常条件下培养；每杯20个卵，重复3次，设立清水对照；调查记录孵化卵数和死亡卵数，计算卵死亡率。
评价方法：采用Colby公式，该方法是评价混剂作用的经典方法之一。
试验结果：见表3，(S)-烯虫酯与马拉硫磷/甲基嘧啶磷复配比例40:1～1:40时对印鼠客蚤的卵有增效作用。
表3(S)-烯虫酯复配混剂对印鼠客蚤卵的杀灭效果
应用实施列4：臭虫室内试验
试验对象：温度臭虫，卵。
供试药剂：将烯虫酯、杀螟硫磷及双硫磷原药，加入适量丙酮溶解，并加入蒸馏水配成所需浓度母液，将上述母液按一定比例混合制成混合母液。
试验方法：采用浸渍法，将上述母液分别配制成系列浓度；将卵移至加有药液的烧杯，药剂处理后，转移至正常条件下培养；每杯20个卵，重复3次，设立清水对照；调查记录孵化卵数和死亡卵数，计算卵死亡率。
评价方法：采用Colby公式，该方法是评价混剂作用的经典方法之一。
试验结果：见表4，烯虫酯与杀螟硫磷/双硫磷复配对温度臭虫的卵有增效作用。
表4烯虫酯复配混剂对温度臭虫卵的杀灭效果
应用实施列5：玉米象室内试验
试验对象：室内试养玉米象品系，成虫。
供试药剂：将S-烯虫酯、杀螟硫磷及马拉硫磷原药，加入适量丙酮溶解，并加入蒸馏水配成所需浓度母液，将上述母液按一定比例混合制成混合母液。
试验方法：药膜法，在直径6cm的培养皿地盘上放入面积相同的圆形滤纸，在滴入稀释药液2ml；在滤纸药膜上放置玻璃环，下端涂上聚四氟乙烯防止试虫上爬；每皿投入30头健壮的成虫，每处理设3次重复；不含药剂的丙酮稀释液作为空白对照；72后调查记录死亡数，计算成虫死亡率。
评价方法：采用Colby公式，该方法是评价混剂作用的经典方法之一。
试验结果：见表5，(S)-烯虫酯与杀螟硫磷/马拉硫磷复配比例40:1～1:40时，防治玉米象成虫有增效作用。
表5(S)-烯虫酯复配混剂对玉米象成虫的杀灭效果
应用实施列6：赤拟谷盗室内试验
试验对象：室内试养赤拟谷盗品系，羽化2周后成虫。
供试药剂：将烯虫酯、甲基嘧啶磷及杀螟硫磷原药，加入适量丙酮溶解，并加入蒸馏水配成所需浓度母液，将上述母液按一定比例混合制成混合母液。
试验方法：药膜法，在直径6cm的培养皿地盘上放入面积相同的圆形滤纸，在滴入稀释药液2ml；在滤纸药膜上放置玻璃环，下端涂上聚四氟乙烯防止试虫上爬；每皿投入30头健壮的成虫，每处理设3次重复；不含药剂的丙酮稀释液作为空白对照；72后调查记录死亡数，计算成虫死亡率。
评价方法：采用Colby公式，该方法是评价混剂作用的经典方法之一。
试验结果：见表6，烯虫酯与甲级嘧啶磷/杀螟硫磷复配对赤拟谷盗成虫有增效作用。
表6烯虫酯复配混剂对赤拟谷盗成虫的杀灭效果
本发明的一种防治蚊幼虫的杀虫组合物及其应用已经通过具体的实例进行了描述，本领域技术人员可借鉴本发明内容，适当改变原料、工艺条件等环节来实现相应的其它目的，其相关改变都没有脱离本发明的内容，所有类似的替换和改动对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种杀虫组合物，其特征在于：组合物包含活性组分A和活性组分B，活性组分A选自(S)-烯虫酯、烯虫酯的一种，马拉硫磷、双硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷及杀螟硫磷的一种。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的杀虫剂组合物，其特征在于：活性组分A选自(S)-烯虫酯，活性组分B选自马拉硫磷、双硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷及杀螟硫磷的一种。
3.根据权利要求书1-2所述的杀虫组合物，其特征在于：活性组分A与活性组分B质量比为40:1~1:40，进一步优选10:1~1:10，更进一步优选1:5~1:10。
4.根据权利要求书1-3所述的杀虫组合物控制节肢动物，更优选叮刺/吮吸有害生物及仓储害虫。
5.根据权利要求书4所述的叮刺/吮吸有害生物：包括但不限于蚊、蝇、跳蚤、虱子、臭虫、蜱、螨，优选蚊虫、跳蚤、臭虫、蜱。
6.根据权利要求书4所述的仓储害虫：象虫类、谷蠹、大谷盗、长角扁谷盗、赤拟谷盗、麦蛾、印度谷螟，优选象虫类及赤拟谷盗。
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