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CN101899575B - Waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process - Google Patents

Waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101899575B
CN101899575B CN2010102554155A CN201010255415A CN101899575B CN 101899575 B CN101899575 B CN 101899575B CN 2010102554155 A CN2010102554155 A CN 2010102554155A CN 201010255415 A CN201010255415 A CN 201010255415A CN 101899575 B CN101899575 B CN 101899575B
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waste lead
storage battery
lead storage
autoclave
plate
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CN101899575A (en
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苏文峰
苏苹
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process which comprises the following steps of: (1) delivering a waste lead storage battery into a crusher for separating sulfuric acid, a plastic shell and a partition plate; (2) transferring a crushed waste lead storage battery residue into a mechanical separator for processing and separating to obtain a grid and activated sludge; (3) processing the activated sludge by using a reducing agent with the concentration of 11-17 percent, transferring the activated sludge into a first autoclave for dissolving with an ammoniac solution, transferring the activated sludge into a second autoclave for converting with ammonium carbonate, settling, pressing and filtering; (4) dissolving and purifying a sediment obtained in the step (3) by using soluble acid or alkali with the concentration of 25-35 percent in the temperature environment of 45-50 DEG C and settling and crystallizing by using a sulfuric acid solution to obtain anode paste and cathode paste; and (5) respectively coating the anode paste and the cathode paste on plates and switching on the coating plates in an H2SO4 solution with specific gravity of 1-2 to obtain an anode plate and a cathode plate of a novel lead storage battery. The invention has the advantages of simple processing flow, lower production cost and great market value.

Description

Waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Treatment of Waste Lead Storage Battery method, this method obtains lead plaster after the waste lead accumulator that reclaims is handled, and directly utilizes the lead plaster electrolysis to process the positive and negative pole plate of new lead accumulator.
Background technology
Along with the progress of science and technology and the raising of people's living standard; The application of lead accumulator almost relates to the every aspect that people produce, live; But; The lead accumulator of following and discarding has caused serious pollution to environment, and therefore, the green technology of handling waste lead accumulator receives the attention of country day by day.
The Treatment of Waste Lead Storage Battery method mainly contains two kinds of thermal process and wet processings.Enterprise at a lot of special disposal waste lead accumulators; The main at present still traditional thermal process that adopts; Promptly waste lead accumulator is carried out high-temperature process through reverberatory furnace, blast furnace, furnace cupola etc.; This thermal process need reach 1000~1200 ℃ high temperature in the stove in smelting process, in processing procedure, also can produce the gas of heavily contaminateds such as a large amount of plumbous steams, lead fume dirt and sulfur dioxide simultaneously.Therefore, this treatment process can cause serious environmental to pollute and the wasting of resources, and processing cost is also very high simultaneously, and gradually the wet processing by environment-friendly type replaces.
The most representative wet processing mainly comprises following 2 kinds both at home and abroad at present:
A kind of is " GS " facture that Italy proposes, and its method is that waste lead accumulator is cut, and emits the H of internal 2SO 4, add lime then, make the SO in the storage battery 4 2-Become CaSO 4, again with Pb and PbSO 4The electrolysis of dissolving back makes Pb be deposited on negative electrode and obtains lead bullion.Wherein adopting the boron fluoric acid is electrolyte, and this technology is in the history in existing more than 50 year of Italy.
Another kind is the solid phase reduction electrolysis that China Chinese Academy of Sciences proposes, and this method is waste lead accumulator to be carried out mechanical separation handle, then with the H in the storage battery 2SO 4With high price lead compound in Pb powder and the filler (like PbO 2) reduction is converted into lead compound at a low price, pretreated lead plaster (filler) processed the paste spread type negative electrode, with anode The electrolysis that is assembled into that negative electrode is orderly is piled, and in being full of the electrolysis tank of rare NaOH, carries out the solid phase reduction electrolysis, and makes Pb in cathodic reduction.
In above two kinds of wet processing process, though it finally can both make Pb in cathodic reduction,, but there is following defective in they: 1, processing step is too complicated, and operating process is loaded down with trivial details, and the rate of recovery of Pb is also lower; 2, owing to need the process equipment of use more; Cause the maintenance cost and the processing cost of equipment all too high; This makes through waste lead accumulator being reduced the value of value and the prepared Pb of common Direct Production of prepared Pb suitable basically; And the mode of common Direct Production Pb is obviously simpler, and this difficulty that causes present process to be applied is very big.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, main purpose of the present invention is to solve at present when handling waste lead accumulator too complicated problems of technological process, and the waste lead accumulator treatment process method that a kind of handling process is simpler, production cost is lower is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention: waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) waste lead accumulator is carried out break process through manual work or disintegrating machine, sulfuric acid, plastic casing and dividing plate in the waste lead accumulator are separated, and plastic casing after separating and dividing plate are carried out the reclaiming clean processing according to prior art respectively;
The waste lead accumulator surplus materials that 2) will pass through after the said break process of step 1) changes the mechanical separation machine over to and adopts the vibration floatation to handle, and obtains grid and active mud after the separation;
3) said active mud being used mass ratio concentration earlier is that 11% ~ 17% reducing agent carries out the ionization reduction and handles, and changes in first autoclave with the ammonia spirit dissolving again, change over to then in second autoclave to transform with ammonium carbonate, and in the press filtration of normal temperature and pressure settle;
4) step 3) gained sediment being used mass ratio concentration is that 25% ~ 35% acid or alkali dissolve purification under 45 ℃ ~ 50 ℃ temperature environments, again with sulfuric acid solution deposition, crystallization, and then obtains anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud;
5) with anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud coated plate respectively, with two green plates behind the said coated plate through dehydration, solidify, after dry, the Balance Treatment, be 1 ~ 2 H at mass ratio 2SO 4Switch in the solution, and then make the positive plate and the negative plate of new lead accumulator.When carrying out electrolysis, anodal chemical equation is: PbSO 4+ 2 H 2O-2e=PbO 2+ 3H
Figure 2010102554155100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
+ HSO 4
Figure 2010102554155100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
, the chemical equation of negative pole is: PbSO 4+ H + 2e=
Figure 2010102554155100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Pb+HSO 4
Figure 499580DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Process of the present invention; Mode with streamlined operation is separated waste lead accumulator, transform, purify, and then directly obtains the positive and negative pole plate of new lead accumulator, the technological process of having simplified middle recovery, separation, purification greatly and having made again; Produce the positive and negative pole plate of lead accumulator the reliable technique support is provided for realizing full automation; Also practice thrift resource simultaneously, reduced cost, had great market value.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, process of the present invention does not only consume chemical reagent and raw material; And realized that classification such as sulfuric acid in the waste lead accumulator, plastics, grid, lead plaster are reclaimed and refinement is handled; Eliminate thermal process and smelted leaded and the waste residue of sulfur dioxide, the secondary pollution of waste gas in the waste lead accumulator; Overcome also simultaneously that technological process is complicated in the existing wet treatment waste lead accumulator technology, lead recovery is low and can only make the defective of reduction Pb merely, method processing step of the present invention is still less operated easier; The requisite quality of pole plate, plumbous overall recovery can reach more than 97.7%.
2, the required equipment of other technologies is still less relatively for the required equipment of process of the present invention; Therefore the maintenance cost of equipment is lower relatively; This makes the auxiliary raw material cost in the entire process technology reduce relatively; The final total cost of handling waste lead accumulator that makes reduces greatly, and this is more conducive to process of the present invention is used and promoted.
3, process of the present invention is through organically combining the making flow process of Pb with the flow process of making chloride plate with Pb; Therefore after electrolysis, can directly make new lead accumulator positive/negative plate; This has simplified the making flow process of chloride plate greatly; The more important thing is the production cost that has reduced enterprise, have great using value.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is waste lead accumulator processing technological flow figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process comprises the steps:
1) waste lead accumulator is carried out break process through manual work or disintegrating machine; Sulfuric acid, plastic casing and dividing plate in the waste lead accumulator are separated; And the plastic casing after separating is carried out reclaiming clean according to prior art respectively with dividing plate handle, wherein plastic casing can be processed plastic plate after being broken and dissolving again;
The waste lead accumulator surplus materials that 2) will pass through after the said break process of step 1) changes the mechanical separation machine over to and adopts the vibration floatation to handle; Obtain grid and active mud after the separation, wherein grid can be made into the multicomponent lead alloy ingot after allocating composition and refining; Need to prove; The disintegrating machine of mentioning in step 1 and the step 2, mechanical separation machine and vibration floatation all have existing common equipment or method; For example application number is that 200910068329.0 Chinese patent " multi-stage countercurrent contact vibration formula flotation tower and technology " just discloses a kind of vibration floatation; Same, the technical scheme of described disintegrating machine and mechanical separation machine also is that those skilled in the art can obtain.
3) said active mud being used mass ratio concentration earlier is that 11% formalin is carried out the ionization reduction and handled; Change over to again in first autoclave and under 7 atmospheric pressure pressure, dissolve with ammonia spirit; Changing over to then in second autoclave at pressure is 5 atmospheric pressure; Temperature is to transform with ammonium carbonate under 90 ℃ the environment, and in the press filtration of normal temperature and pressure settle;
4) step 3) gained sediment being used mass ratio concentration is that 25% formic acid dissolve purification under 47 ℃ of temperature environments, again with sulfuric acid solution precipitate, crystallization, and then obtain anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud;
5) with anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud coated plate respectively, with two green plates behind the said coated plate through dehydration, solidify, after dry, the Balance Treatment, be 1.12 H at mass ratio 2SO 4Switch in the solution, and then make the positive plate and the negative plate of new lead accumulator.
Embodiment 2: another waste lead accumulator treatment process, and the step 1 of its step a, b and embodiment 1,2 identical, and begin to adjust from step c, the scheme of its adjustment is following:
C, said active mud is used mass ratio concentration earlier is that 17% hydrogen peroxide solution carries out the ionization reduction and handles; Change over to again in first autoclave and under 7 atmospheric pressure pressure, dissolve with ammonia spirit; Changing over to then in second autoclave at pressure is 5 atmospheric pressure; Temperature is to transform with ammonium carbonate under 100 ℃ the environment, and in the press filtration of normal temperature and pressure settle;
D, step c gained sediment is used mass ratio concentration is that 35% NaOH dissolve purification under 45 ℃ of temperature environments, again with sulfuric acid solution precipitate, crystallization, and then obtain anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud;
E, with anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud coated plate respectively, with two green plates behind the said coated plate through dehydration, solidify, after dry, the Balance Treatment, be 2 H at mass ratio 2SO 4Switch in the solution, and then make the positive plate and the negative plate of new lead accumulator.
Embodiment 3: another waste lead accumulator treatment process, its step 1., 2. with the step 1 of embodiment 1,2 identical, and 3. begin to adjust from step, the scheme of its adjustment is following:
3. said active mud being used mass ratio concentration earlier is that 13% copperas solution carries out the ionization reduction and handles; Change over to again in first autoclave and under 7 atmospheric pressure pressure, dissolve with ammonia spirit; Changing over to then in second autoclave at pressure is 5 atmospheric pressure; Temperature is to transform with ammonium carbonate under 80 ℃ the environment, and in the press filtration of normal temperature and pressure settle;
4. with step 3. the gained sediment to use mass ratio concentration be that 32% potassium hydroxide dissolve purification under 50 ℃ of temperature environments, again with sulfuric acid solution precipitate, crystallization, and then obtain anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud;
5. with anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud coated plate respectively, with two green plates behind the said coated plate through dehydration, solidify, after dry, the Balance Treatment, be 1 H at mass ratio 2SO 4Switch in the solution, and then make the positive plate and the negative plate of new lead accumulator.
Embodiment 4: another waste lead accumulator treatment process, and the step 1 of its step I, II and embodiment 1,2 identical, and begin to adjust from the step III, the scheme of its adjustment is following:
III, said active mud is used mass ratio concentration earlier is that 15% formalin is carried out the ionization reduction and handled; Change over to again in first autoclave and under 6 atmospheric pressure pressure, dissolve with ammonia spirit; Changing over to then in second autoclave at pressure is 4 atmospheric pressure; Temperature is to transform with ammonium carbonate under 90 ℃ the environment, and in the press filtration of normal temperature and pressure settle;
IV, step III gained sediment is used mass ratio concentration is that 30% acetate dissolve purification under 48 ℃ of temperature environments, again with sulfuric acid solution precipitate, crystallization, and then obtain anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud;
V, with anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud coated plate respectively, with two green plates behind the said coated plate through dehydration, solidify, after dry, the Balance Treatment, be 1.5 H at mass ratio 2SO 4Switch in the solution, and then make the positive plate and the negative plate of new lead accumulator.
Among the present invention; In the reduction of carrying out cream mud, conversion and purification and galvanization to coated plate; Adopt the positive and negative pole plate of prepared cream mud of different chemical reagent and different concentration, ambient temperature and pressure intensity parameter and last gained all to have nothing in common with each other; For example the thickness of gained pole plate, hardness, electric conductivity, Corrosion Protection, lead tolerance etc. are all variant, and above embodiment has just proposed preferable scheme, and those skilled in the art will be appreciated that; When making, can regulate the parameters in the technological process, make the product of final gained can satisfy the production demand according to different demands.

Claims (3)

1. waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) waste lead accumulator is carried out break process through manual work or disintegrating machine, sulfuric acid, plastic casing and dividing plate in the waste lead accumulator are separated, and plastic casing after separating and dividing plate are carried out the reclaiming clean processing according to prior art respectively;
The waste lead accumulator surplus materials that 2) will pass through after the said break process of step 1) changes the mechanical separation machine over to and adopts the vibration floatation to handle, and obtains grid and active mud after the separation;
3) said active mud being used mass ratio concentration earlier is that 11% ~ 17% formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide solution or copperas solution carry out the ionization reduction and handle; Change over to again in first autoclave and dissolve with ammonia spirit; Change over to then in second autoclave and transform with ammonium carbonate, and in the press filtration of normal temperature and pressure settle;
4) step 3) gained sediment being used mass ratio concentration is that 25% ~ 35% formic acid, acetate, NaOH or potassium hydroxide solution dissolve purification under 45 ~ 50 ℃ of temperature environments, again with sulfuric acid solution deposition, crystallization, and then obtains anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud;
5) with anodal cream mud and negative pole cream mud coated plate respectively, with two green plates behind the said coated plate through dehydration, solidify, after dry, the Balance Treatment, be 1 ~ 2 H at mass ratio 2SO 4Switch in the solution, and then make the positive plate and the negative plate of new lead accumulator.
2. waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, pressure is 7 atmospheric pressure in said first autoclave.
3. waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, pressure is 5 atmospheric pressure in said second autoclave, and temperature is 80 ~ 100 ℃.
CN2010102554155A 2010-08-17 2010-08-17 Waste lead storage battery acid type wet method process Expired - Fee Related CN101899575B (en)

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CN103779616B (en) * 2012-10-25 2016-08-17 梁达保 Lead electrolytic solution adds the method that glass fiber suppression Fluohydric acid. produces
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CN101318692B (en) * 2007-06-04 2010-09-29 湖南大学 A method for preparing high-quality lead dioxide from lead sludge in waste lead-acid batteries
CN101250720B (en) * 2007-11-30 2010-06-02 浙江工业大学 A method for electrolytic reduction of lead resources in lead-containing paste sludge of regenerated waste lead-acid batteries
ITMI20072257A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-01 Engitec Technologies S P A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING METALLIC LEAD FROM DESOLFORATED PASTEL
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