NO20081811L - Kombinasjonslegemiddel inneholdende probucol og et tetrazolylalkoksy-dihydrokarbostyrilderivat med superoksid-undertrykkende effekt - Google Patents
Kombinasjonslegemiddel inneholdende probucol og et tetrazolylalkoksy-dihydrokarbostyrilderivat med superoksid-undertrykkende effektInfo
- Publication number
- NO20081811L NO20081811L NO20081811A NO20081811A NO20081811L NO 20081811 L NO20081811 L NO 20081811L NO 20081811 A NO20081811 A NO 20081811A NO 20081811 A NO20081811 A NO 20081811A NO 20081811 L NO20081811 L NO 20081811L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- combination drug
- drug containing
- combination
- cerebral infarction
- probucol
- Prior art date
Links
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- FYPMFJGVHOHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N probucol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC=1SC(C)(C)SC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FYPMFJGVHOHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229960003912 probucol Drugs 0.000 title abstract 2
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 abstract 3
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 3
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000007342 Diabetic Nephropathies Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000033679 diabetic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000008383 nephritis Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/095—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds, e.g. thiols
- A61K31/10—Sulfides; Sulfoxides; Sulfones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/095—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds, e.g. thiols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4704—2-Quinolinones, e.g. carbostyril
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Oppfinnelsen angår et kombinasjonslegemiddel omfattende en kombinasjon av et tetrazolylalkoksy-dihydrokarbostyrilderivat av formelen: hvori R er sykloalkyl, A er lavere alkylen, og bindingen mellom 3- og 4-stillingene av karbostyrilkjernen er en enkeltbinding eller dobbeltbinding, eller et salt derav, og probukol, som er anvendbar for forhindring og behandling av cerebralt infarkt innbefattende akutt, cerebralt infarkt og kronisk cerebralt infarkt, arteriosklerose, nyresykdommer (for eksempel diabetisk nefropati, nyresvikt, nefritt), og diabetes på grunn av synergistisk superoksidundertrykkende effekt av kom-binasjonen.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71695405P | 2005-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | |
| US76177506P | 2006-01-25 | 2006-01-25 | |
| PCT/JP2006/318675 WO2007032557A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2006-09-14 | Combination drug containing probucol and a tetrazolylalkoxy-dihydrocarbostyril derivative with superoxide supressant effects |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20081811L true NO20081811L (no) | 2008-04-14 |
Family
ID=37420867
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20081811A NO20081811L (no) | 2005-09-15 | 2008-04-14 | Kombinasjonslegemiddel inneholdende probucol og et tetrazolylalkoksy-dihydrokarbostyrilderivat med superoksid-undertrykkende effekt |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8580818B2 (no) |
| EP (2) | EP2275106A1 (no) |
| JP (2) | JP5179354B2 (no) |
| KR (1) | KR101299320B1 (no) |
| AR (1) | AR057520A1 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU2006289752B2 (no) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0616223A2 (no) |
| CA (1) | CA2620296C (no) |
| CY (1) | CY1112716T1 (no) |
| DK (1) | DK1942895T3 (no) |
| ES (1) | ES2378896T3 (no) |
| IL (1) | IL189751A0 (no) |
| MY (1) | MY145787A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO20081811L (no) |
| PL (1) | PL1942895T3 (no) |
| PT (1) | PT1942895E (no) |
| RU (1) | RU2411945C2 (no) |
| SG (1) | SG165379A1 (no) |
| TW (1) | TWI372053B (no) |
| WO (1) | WO2007032557A1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR065588A1 (es) * | 2007-03-09 | 2009-06-17 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Un medicamento para tratar enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica |
| AR070816A1 (es) * | 2008-03-14 | 2010-05-05 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Farmaco de combinacion para tratar trastornos vasculares |
| CN120441542B (zh) * | 2025-05-08 | 2025-09-30 | 安徽益普克医药科技发展有限公司 | 一种西洛他唑衍生物及其制备方法与用途 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5535019A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1980-03-11 | Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Carbostyryl derivative |
| JPH04193836A (ja) | 1990-11-26 | 1992-07-13 | Banyu Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 抗高脂血症剤 |
| JPH107590A (ja) | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-13 | Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 脳循環障害後遺症または脳虚血後の脳神経障害の治療剤 |
| FR2751540B1 (fr) | 1996-07-26 | 1998-10-16 | Sanofi Sa | Composition pharmaceutique antithrombotique |
| JP2001500875A (ja) | 1996-09-18 | 2001-01-23 | メルク エンド カンパニー インコーポレーテッド | 心臓血管系疾患関連の危険性を減らす併用治療法 |
| US6245797B1 (en) | 1997-10-22 | 2001-06-12 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Combination therapy for reducing the risks associated with cardio-and-cerebrovascular disease |
| WO1999024400A1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-05-20 | Vyrex Corporation | Probucol esters and uses thereof |
| US6235311B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2001-05-22 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Pharmaceutical composition containing a combination of a statin and aspirin and method |
| WO2000021507A2 (de) | 1998-10-12 | 2000-04-20 | Andreas Bockelmann | Pharmazeutisch wirksame zusammensetzung |
| DK1272220T4 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2016-11-28 | Nicholas John Wald | Cardiovascular disease prevention formulation |
| US20020115728A1 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2002-08-22 | Roland Stocker | Compositions and methods for treating cardiovascular disorders |
| DK1385548T3 (da) * | 2001-01-26 | 2007-09-10 | Schering Corp | Kombinationer af sterolabsorptionsinhibitor(er) med (et eller flere) kardiovaskulære midler til behandling af vaskulære tilstande |
| US6576256B2 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2003-06-10 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Treatment of patients at elevated cardiovascular risk with a combination of a cholesterol-lowering agent, an inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system, and aspirin |
| JP2003192573A (ja) * | 2001-12-25 | 2003-07-09 | Otsuka Pharmaceut Factory Inc | 経口ゲル製剤 |
| TW200301135A (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-01 | Otsuka Maryland Res Inst Inc | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a multifunctional phosphodiesterase inhibitor and an adenosine uptake inhibitor |
| US20030181461A1 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2003-09-25 | Lautt Wilfred Wayne | Use of phosphodiesterase antagonists to treat insulin resistance |
| US6743806B2 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2004-06-01 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Limited | Active oxygen scavenger |
| JP2005232059A (ja) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-02 | Iichiro Shimomura | 低アディポネクチン血症予防・治療剤 |
| WO2006132091A1 (ja) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-14 | Kowa Company, Ltd. | 新規なトリグリセリド低下剤 |
| JP4193836B2 (ja) | 2005-10-24 | 2008-12-10 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | インク噴射装置の製造方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-09-14 WO PCT/JP2006/318675 patent/WO2007032557A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-09-14 US US12/065,619 patent/US8580818B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-14 JP JP2008514987A patent/JP5179354B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-14 SG SG201006668-6A patent/SG165379A1/en unknown
- 2006-09-14 RU RU2008114512/15A patent/RU2411945C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-09-14 AU AU2006289752A patent/AU2006289752B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-09-14 ES ES06810355T patent/ES2378896T3/es active Active
- 2006-09-14 PL PL06810355T patent/PL1942895T3/pl unknown
- 2006-09-14 CA CA2620296A patent/CA2620296C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-14 EP EP10177619A patent/EP2275106A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-14 TW TW095134039A patent/TWI372053B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-09-14 BR BRPI0616223-1A patent/BRPI0616223A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-09-14 MY MYPI20080610A patent/MY145787A/en unknown
- 2006-09-14 KR KR1020087008859A patent/KR101299320B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-14 PT PT06810355T patent/PT1942895E/pt unknown
- 2006-09-14 EP EP06810355A patent/EP1942895B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-09-14 DK DK06810355.5T patent/DK1942895T3/da active
- 2006-09-14 AR ARP060104020A patent/AR057520A1/es unknown
-
2008
- 2008-02-25 IL IL189751A patent/IL189751A0/en unknown
- 2008-04-14 NO NO20081811A patent/NO20081811L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-04-20 CY CY20121100376T patent/CY1112716T1/el unknown
- 2012-09-11 JP JP2012199804A patent/JP5603393B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-10-21 US US14/059,368 patent/US20140045889A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR057520A1 (es) | 2007-12-05 |
| DK1942895T3 (da) | 2012-03-05 |
| EP1942895A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| SG165379A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
| AU2006289752A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
| MY145787A (en) | 2012-04-30 |
| WO2007032557A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
| US20090176826A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| TWI372053B (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| JP2013014605A (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
| CY1112716T1 (el) | 2016-02-10 |
| RU2411945C2 (ru) | 2011-02-20 |
| JP5603393B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
| IL189751A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
| CA2620296A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
| ES2378896T3 (es) | 2012-04-18 |
| PT1942895E (pt) | 2012-03-29 |
| RU2008114512A (ru) | 2009-10-20 |
| CA2620296C (en) | 2013-10-22 |
| US20140045889A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| JP5179354B2 (ja) | 2013-04-10 |
| KR20080049822A (ko) | 2008-06-04 |
| PL1942895T3 (pl) | 2012-07-31 |
| EP2275106A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
| AU2006289752B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| BRPI0616223A2 (pt) | 2011-06-14 |
| TW200744597A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
| JP2009508804A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
| US8580818B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
| EP1942895B1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
| KR101299320B1 (ko) | 2013-09-03 |
| HK1122996A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2008127682A3 (en) | Combination anticoagulant therapy with a compound that acts as a factor xa inhibitor | |
| NO20083026L (no) | Terapeutisk middel for diabetes | |
| NO20092374L (no) | Forbindelser som har bade angiotensin II receptorantagonisme og PPARy aktiverende aktiviteter | |
| LTPA2018509I1 (lt) | Piperazinu pakeisti benzotiofenai, skirti psichikos sutrikimų gydymui | |
| HRP20141248T1 (en) | 4-(indol-7-ylcarbonylaminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivatives as ep4 receptor antagonists useful for the treatment of chronic renal failure or diabetic nephropathy | |
| WO2008097428A3 (en) | Compounds and compositions as modulators of gpr119 activity | |
| MX2010004965A (es) | Derivados de amida como moduladores de la sirtuina. | |
| HUE037994T2 (hu) | Készítmények és eljárások szennyezõ anyagok, testfolyadékok vagy más anyagok mozgásának befolyásolására és/vagy más fiziológiai állapotok befolyásolására | |
| WO2009055331A3 (en) | Bicyclic heterocycle derivatives and their use as modulators of the activity of gpr119 | |
| NO20070247L (no) | Amino-5,5-difenylimidazolonderivater for inhibisjon av beta-sekretase | |
| TW200738688A (en) | Compounds for the treatment of inflammatory disorders | |
| EP2190428A4 (en) | HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS DIPEPTIDYLPEPTIDASE IV HEMMER FOR TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF DIABETES | |
| MX2009013976A (es) | Compuestos imidazotiazol moduladores de sirtuina. | |
| ATE524450T1 (de) | 5-phenyl-isoxazol-3-carboxamid-derivate als trpv1-modulatoren | |
| WO2006094209A3 (en) | N-benzimidazolylalkyl-substituted amide sirtuin modulators | |
| BR112012032813A2 (pt) | composto, composição farmacêutica, e, método para prevenir, tratar ou melhorar uma doença ou condição. | |
| NO20082497L (no) | Diarylureaer for behandling av pulmonal hypertensjon | |
| MX2011006475A (es) | Ftalazinona y analogos relacionados como moduladores de sirtuina. | |
| ECSP10010266A (es) | Antagonistas del receptor mineralcorticoide no esteroidal derivado de 6h-dibenzo[b,e]oxepina | |
| NO20081811L (no) | Kombinasjonslegemiddel inneholdende probucol og et tetrazolylalkoksy-dihydrokarbostyrilderivat med superoksid-undertrykkende effekt | |
| DK2336120T3 (da) | Kombinationer, der indeholder amid-substituerede indazoler som poly(adp-ribose)polymerase (parp)-hæmmere | |
| MY181731A (en) | Azole benzene derivative | |
| ATE476422T1 (de) | Substituierte 2-aminoalkylthio-benzimidazole und ihre verwendung zur blutzuckersenkung | |
| NO20090646L (no) | Xinafoatsalt av en substituert 5-oksazol-2-yl-kinolinforbindelse | |
| JP2013014605A5 (no) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FC2A | Withdrawal, rejection or dismissal of laid open patent application |