WO2025211980A1 - Furnace chamber with complete combustion of coal - Google Patents

Abstract

The present furnace chamber with complete combustion of coal relates to the field of industrial and municipal heating, as well as to furnace chambers in which coal is burnt. The bricks of a brick pipe are arranged vertically and the brick pipe extends below plugs disposed in cooling pipes. Coals situated at the outlet from the brick pipe into a furnace lie in contact with the brick pipe along the entire perimeter, and the low temperatures below the cooling pipes do not lower the temperature of the coals at the outlet from the brick pipe and do not cause the formation of black spots of unburnt coal below the cooling pipes, thus preventing flue gases from escaping into the furnace and also preventing small coals from dropping into the furnace. The bricks of the brick pipe wall are braced by brick supports (32) which maintain the integrity and stable fixed position of the bricks of the wall of the brick pipe (17), thus preventing the formation of cracks at the joins between the bricks and ensuring that the flue gases remain sealed off from the furnace gases. Backdraft is prevented from occurring in flue gas pipes (12) and there is no movement of flue gases back into a housing (7) and from there into an exhaust flue through broken seals in the joins of the bricks of the brick pipe.

Description

Firebox with complete combustion of coals

Technical field. The invention relates to industrial and municipal heat power engineering, as well as to combustion chambers in which coal is burned.

Prior art. Combustion chambers /1, 2/ designed for heating buildings are known. A brick chimney is suspended inside and above the firebox in the combustion chamber.

Of the known hot water boilers, the closest in technical essence is the combustion chamber /1/. Cooling tubes are welded to the upper frame inside the combustion chamber above the firebox, and a brick chimney is installed on the protruding cooling tube plugs at the lower level of the cooling tubes.

Reasons preventing the achievement of a technical result.

On the protruding plugs of the cooling pipes (6), i.e. along the lower level of the cooling pipes, bricks of a brick pipe (17) are installed horizontally, the joints between which are connected with mortar, and at the same time:

1. In vertically burning layers under the cooling tubes (6), supporting the brick chimney (17):

1.1. Black spots of incompletely burnt coals appear and flue gases escape from it into the firebox, and small coals also begin to spill into the firebox.

1.2. Indentations are formed, the surface of the vertically burning layers becomes ribbed and further cracks are formed, penetrating it through and through.

2. In a brick chimney:

2.1. The insulation of flue gases inside the brick chimney from the flue gases outside the brick chimney is disrupted, i.e., the seal at the joints of the brick chimney is disrupted, due to the fact that during the thermal decomposition of coal in the brick chimney and its subsequent thermal expansion, the coal pushes the brick chimney apart and the seal at the joints between the bricks is disrupted.

2.2. Flue gases leak through the brick chimney (17) and exit directly into the exhaust pipe.

2.3. When coal is loaded into a brick chimney, large coals falling from above hit the wall of the brick chimney and over time break the hermetic insulation of the brick chimney and collapse the brick chimney. 3. In the flue gas pipes (12), a reverse draft may occur, and the flue gases from the flue gas pipes (12) will move back into the housing (7) and then through damaged insulation at the joints into the exhaust pipe.

The objective of the invention is to create a reliable combustion chamber that ensures complete combustion of coals in which:

1. Under the cooling tubes of a brick chimney suspended above the firebox on the cooling tubes:

1.1. There is no formation of black spots of incompletely burnt coals and the release of flue gases into the firebox, as well as the pouring of small coals into the firebox.

1.2. There are no depressions formed in the vertical burning layers, and no further formation of cracks penetrating it through.

2. In a brick chimney:

2.1. The insulation of flue gases inside the brick chimney from the combustion gases located outside the brick chimney is not compromised during thermal decomposition and thermal expansion of coals and its expansion of the brick chimney, and the tightness at the joints between bricks is not compromised.

2.2. There is no leakage of flue gases through the brick chimney (17) and no exit of flue gases directly into the exhaust pipe.

2.3. The collapse of the brick walls of a brick chimney does not occur when, during the loading of coal into a brick chimney, large coals falling from above hit the wall of the brick chimney.

3. In the combustion chamber:

3.1. There is no reverse draft in the flue gas pipes (12) and no movement of flue gases back into the housing (7) and further through damaged insulation at the joints into the exhaust pipe.

A set of known features.

Inside the combustion chamber above the firebox, on the protruding plugs of the cooling pipes, i.e. at the level of the lower part of the cooling pipes, bricks of a brick chimney are installed horizontally, the joints between which are connected with mortar.

A set of distinctive features. The difference between the proposed combustion chamber and the existing one:

1. The bricks of the brick chimney are installed vertically and lowered below the cooling pipe plugs, i.e. the brick chimney is lowered below the low temperatures that form black spots of unburned coals under the cooling pipes. 2. The brick walls of the brick chimney are supported by brick stops, which keep the brick walls of the brick chimney in a fixed position. The brick stops are installed so that passages for flue gases can be created and then exit into the chimney, or the flue gases exit the firebox directly into the chimney.

The technical results obtained from using the invention are that:

1. Under the cooling tubes of a brick chimney suspended above the firebox on the cooling tubes:

1.1 No black spots of incompletely burnt coals appear, no flue gases escape into the firebox, and no small coals spill into the firebox.

1.2.No depressions are formed in the vertical burning layers, and no cracks are formed that penetrate it through and through.

2. In a brick chimney:

2.1. The insulation of flue gases inside the brick chimney from the combustion gases located outside the brick chimney is not compromised during thermal decomposition and thermal expansion of coals and its expansion of the brick chimney, and the tightness at the joints between bricks is not compromised.

2.2. There is no leakage of flue gases through the brick chimney (17) and no exit of flue gases directly into the exhaust pipe.

2.3. The collapse of the brick walls of a brick chimney does not occur when, during the loading of coal into a brick chimney, large coals falling from above hit the wall of the brick chimney.

3. In the combustion chamber:

3.2. There is no reverse draft in the flue gas pipes (12) and no movement of flue gases back into the housing (7) and further through damaged insulation at the joints into the exhaust pipe.

Distinctive features ensure a technical result due to the fact that:

1. The bricks of the brick chimney are installed vertically and the brick chimney is lowered than the plugs of the cooling pipes, and the coals at the exit from the brick chimney into the firebox are in contact with the brick wall along the entire perimeter, and are lowered so that the low temperatures under the cooling pipes do not reduce the temperature of the coals at the exit from the brick chimney, and because of this: 1.1. When coals exit the brick chimney into the firebox, low temperatures under the cooling tubes do not affect the temperature of the coals exiting the brick chimney into the firebox, and black spots of unburned coals do not form under the cooling tubes, and flue gases do not exit into the firebox, and small coals do not spill into the firebox.

1.2. No depressions are formed in the vertical burning layers under the cooling tubes, and no cracks are formed that penetrate it through.

2. Brick stops with one end support the brick wall, and with the other end they are installed on the brick wall of the firebox and are supported by the bricks of the brick walls of the firebox and maintain a fixed stable position and do not form cracks that disrupt the insulation of the flue gases from the flue gases, and because of this:

2.1. The insulation of flue gases inside the brick chimney from the combustion gases located outside the brick chimney is not compromised during thermal decomposition and thermal expansion of coals and its expansion of the brick chimney, and the tightness at the joints between bricks is not compromised.

2.2. There is no leakage of flue gases through the brick chimney (17) and no exit of flue gases directly into the exhaust pipe.

2.3. The collapse of the brick walls of a brick chimney does not occur when, during the loading of coal into a brick chimney, large coals falling from above hit the wall of the brick chimney.

2.4. There is no reverse draft in the flue gas pipes (12) and no movement of flue gases back into the housing (7) and further through damaged insulation at the joints into the exhaust pipe.

Brief description of the drawings. Fig. 1 shows the general external view of the firebox from the front, and Fig. 2 shows the general external view of the firebox from the side. Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section of the firebox along line A-A in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the firebox along line B-B in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows a general external view of the firebox from above. Fig. 6 shows the operation of the firebox, i.e. the processes occurring in the firebox.

The best embodiment of the invention.

(Fig. 1...6). The pipe frame, consisting of a lower frame (1) and an upper frame (2) connected by a pipe (3), forms the circuit of the combustion chamber cooling system. The parallelism of the lower and upper frames is maintained by welded pipes to the frames. pipe (3) connecting the lower and upper frames and steel corners (4), as well as pipes for flue gases (12).

From the bottom of the upper frame (2) to the frame (5), along the perimeter at some distance from each other, cooling tubes (6) are welded.

On the upper frame (2) a body (7) of the space for collecting flue gases (8) with a hatch (9) is welded.

Rectangular tubes (10) are welded to the sides of the lower frame (1) in front, and two firebox doors (I) are installed adjacent to them. The rectangular tubes are connected via flue gas pipes (12) to the body (7) of the flue gas collection space (8). Grate bars (13) are also installed on the lower frame.

The pipe frame is installed on the ash pan (14) consisting of brick ash pan walls (15) and an ash pan door (16).

The cooling tubes (6) are bricked up to form a conical brick chimney (17), i.e., the brick chimney (17) is suspended from the frame (5) by the cooling tubes (6). The brickwork is such that the brick chimney extends below the end of the cooling tube plugs. The bricks of the brick chimney wall are supported by brick stops (32), which keep the bricks of the brick chimney walls in a fixed position. The brick stops (32) support the brick wall at one end, and are installed on the brick wall of the firebox at the other end and are supported by the bricks of the brick walls of the firebox. The brick stops (32) are installed so that passages for flue gases can be made and then released into the exhaust pipe, or the flue gases exit the firebox directly into the exhaust pipe.

On the lower frame (1) along the perimeter up to the upper frame (2) the brick walls of the firebox (18) are folded, and the openings in the upper frame are closed with brick ceilings (20) and on the rear part of the upper frame an opening (19) is left for the exit of combustion gases from the firebox, and a firebox (21) is formed.

The brick walls, brick ceilings and brick lining are constructed in such a way that all liquid-cooled metal parts are insulated from the flue gases.

Industrial applicability. The firebox operates as follows. To light the firebox, small logs or other kindling are placed through the firebox door (11) onto the grates (13), coal (22) is loaded through the hatch (9) from above into the brick chimney (17) until the body (7) and flue gas collection space (8) are filled, and the fire is lit. At the initial time, the intensity of combustion of coals (22) in the firebox (21) is weak, and flue gases (23), through the brick chimney (17) and through the cracks in the hatch (9), can enter the room, and therefore, in order to create a vacuum in the flue gas pipes (12), it is necessary to close the ash pan door (16).

Further, as the intensity of combustion of coals (22) in the firebox (21) increases, the temperature rises, and the draft in the flue gas pipes (12) will increase, and the intensity of combustion can be adjusted (by slightly opening or closing) the ash door (16), i.e., by regulating the air flow (24) into the firebox (21). Opening the ash door (16) will increase the intensity of combustion, but weaken the draft in the flue gas pipes (12).

During the combustion of coal (22) in the firebox (21) for some time, flue gases (23) and combustion gases (25) are released and exit the firebox (21) through the opening (19). The burnt coals, turning into ash (26), fall through the grates (13) into the ash pan (14). And the coals (22) in the body (7) and in the brick chimney (17), from above under their own weight, as the coals burn and turn into ash, continuously enter the firebox (21), forcing the ash through the grates (13) into the ash pan (14).

The combustion of coal in the firebox occurs under the brick chimney (17), on the outside along the perimeter, and the central upper part of the coal (22) in the firebox (21) does not burn because it is closed by the brick chimney (17) filled with coal (22), and burning layers (27) are formed on the outside.

After some time, in the outer parts of the burning layers (27), with the transformation of burning coals into semi-coke and coke (smokeless fuel), the release of flue gases from the furnace (21) ceases.

The temperature difference from the thermal decomposition of coals in the internal parts of the viscous plastic mass (28) and the air temperature in the body (7) of the space for accumulation of flue gases (8) creates a draft in the brick chimney and draws the flue gases (23) upwards, in the body (7) of the space for accumulation of flue gases (8), through the brick chimney (17).

The vacuum in the firebox (21) draws flue gases (23) from the housing (7) of the flue gas accumulation space (8) into the firebox (21). The release of flue gases from the firebox stops.

In order to fill the firebox with coal (22), the ash pan door (16) is closed, the hatch (9) is opened and coal (22) is loaded. When the brick chimney (17) is filled with coal (22), and the body (7) of the space for accumulation of flue gases (8) is filled, the hatch (9) is closed and the ash pan door (16) is slightly opened.

When the hatch (9) is opened, during the loading of coal (22), flue gases (23) do not enter the room, but on the contrary are drawn through the flue gas pipes (12) into the firebox (21).

The vertical layers (29) (layers of viscous plastic mass (28) and vertical burning layers (30)) keep the coal in a vertical position, the coal does not crumble

Cooling of the grate supports on the lower frame (1) and cooling tubes (6) is carried out by liquid (31) entering the lower frame (1) and through the pipe (3) into the upper frame (2) and further along the frame (5) and through the cooling tubes (6), exits the combustion chamber.

Thus, when operating the combustion chamber:

1. High temperatures are maintained in the firebox and under the brick chimney, vertically burning layers are formed along the perimeter on the outer side along the entire height of the firebox, and vertical combustion of coals occurs along the entire height of the firebox and flue gases burn in the firebox chamber.

2. Flue gases, passing through the burning layers of semi-coke and coke, burning in semi-coke and coke, turn into flue gases, i.e., inside the vertically burning layers of semi-coke and coke there are flue gases, and outside there are flue gases.

3. The outer parts of the vertically burning layers of semi-coke and coke separate the flue gases from the furnace gases.

4. The internal parts of the vertical layers in the firebox ensure the movement of flue gases, along a separate path from the flue gases, upwards into the flue gas accumulation space.

5. Air enters the firebox not only through the ash pan, but also through the hatch along with flue gases through flue gas pipes.

6. Flue gases burn in the firebox and are not emitted from the combustion chamber, and the atmospheric air is not polluted with black smoke.

7. Complete combustion of coals in the firebox occurs, i.e. complete combustion of coals and flue gases in the firebox without emitting smog into the atmosphere.

8. The method of returning flue gases from the flue gas accumulation space directly to the firebox is safe. Information source: International application PCT/RU2021/000029. Combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals and smog / Damdin S. I. No. WO2022/164335 dated 04.08.2022.

International Application PCT/RU2021/000029. Furnace chamber with complete combustion of coal and smog [FURNACE CHAMBER WITH COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF COAL AND SMOG] DAMDYN, S.I. Publication number: WO2022/164335, Publication date: 04 August 2022 (04.08.2022), Publication language: Russian (RU). Furnace chamber for burning coals, directing unburned gases along a separate path back to the furnace: Eurasian patent for invention: No. 034106 Int. Cl. F23B 80/02, F23B 50/02, F24B 5/04 Damdyn Sergey Ivanovich (RU).

Claims

Invention formula 1. A combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, comprising a brick chimney (17) located inside the combustion chamber, suspended above the firebox (21), the bricks of which are installed horizontally on protruding plugs of cooling pipes (6), the joints between the bricks are connected with mortar, characterized in that the bricks of the brick chimney (17) are installed vertically and the brick chimney (17) is lowered lower than the plugs of the cooling pipes. 2. A combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, including a brick chimney (17), the joints between the bricks are connected with mortar, located inside the combustion chamber, suspended above the firebox (21), is characterized in that the bricks of the brick chimney (17) are supported by brick stops (32), which keep the bricks of the brick chimney (17) in a fixed position. 3. A method for maintaining high temperatures in the firebox of a combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, comprising, inside the combustion chamber above the firebox (21), on the protruding plugs of the cooling pipes (6), horizontally installed bricks of a brick pipe (17), and under the cooling pipes (6) supporting the brick pipe, black spots of incompletely burnt coals appear and flue gases (23) come out of it into the firebox (21), and a pouring out of small coals (22) into the firebox (21) occurs, and also depressions are formed on the surface of vertically burning layers (30) and further formation of cracks penetrating it through and through, is characterized in that the bricks of the brick pipe (17) are installed vertically and the brick pipe (17) is lowered lower than the plugs of the cooling pipes, and the coals at the outlet of the brick pipe into the firebox are in contact with the brick wall along the entire perimeter, and the low temperatures under the cooling pipes do not reduce the temperature of the coals at the outlet of the brick pipe into the firebox. 4. A method for preserving the tightness and protection from destruction of a brick chimney (17) inside the firebox (21) of a combustion chamber with complete combustion of coals, containing bricks of the walls of a brick chimney (17), installed inside the combustion chamber above the firebox (21), on protruding plugs of cooling pipes (6), the joints of which are connected with mortar and during thermal decomposition and expansion of coal, the coal pushes apart the brick chimney, and at the joints between the bricks the tight insulation of the flue gases (23) from the flue gases (25) is broken, and a reverse draft occurs in the flue gas pipes (12) and the movement of flue gases (23) back into the housing (7) and further through the broken insulation in the joints into the exhaust pipe, and when coal (22) is loaded, large coals falling from above hit the wall brick chimney, and over time, the brick chimney collapses, which is distinguished by the fact that the bricks of the walls of the brick chimney (17) are supported by brick stops (32), and maintain a fixed, stable position of the bricks and preserve the tightness and integrity of the brick chimney.