RU2619434C1 - Installation for solid fuel combustion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: installation for solid fuel comprises a housing with a combustion chamber made of a steel plate in the form of a horizontal cylinder having blind-ends and mounted on the base plate, a hatch with a cover for loading solid fuel in a combustion chamber, located on the top of the housing near to one of its ends, an access cover disposed at the other end of the housing on its bottom, a grate mounted horizontally within the housing under the access cover, a pipe for air supply under the grate, a pipe for ash removal mounted on the housing bottom under the grate, and a device for removing flue gases. Inner surface of the housing is lined with heat-resistant steel plates. Rims of heat-resistant steel made in the form of arcs installed on the grate are laid across the housing. Rods of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a clearance on rims across them and along the housing perimeter till they reach the grate. Manifold is mounted along the housing outside at its upper portion for supplying air into the cavity formed by plates, rims and rods. Device forremoving flue gas comprises two chimneys arranged horizontally inside the combustion chamber on either side of its axis and installed at the open ends on vertically disposed L-shaped pipes, which are made with holes in the upper part, and their open ends in the lower part are connected with one of the cavities formed by plates, rims and rods. Chimneys are equipped with housings with holes formed at the open ends of chimneys to their middle. Annular space between chimneys and housings are connected to the air supply manifold.

EFFECT: increased operation reliability of installation and completeness of solid fuel combustion.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, namely to installations for burning solid fuel, and can be used for heating buildings, structures, premises, etc.

A known installation for burning solid fuel in a dense layer. After loading, there is fresh fuel in the upper part of the layer of the known installation after loading, burning coke is located under it, and slag is directly above the grate, as the fuel burns out, it passes through all zones. Air is supplied from below through the grill. The slag formed during fuel combustion flows through the grate into the ash removal zone. Dense-bed combustion furnaces can be non-mechanical, semi-mechanical and mechanized. With all the variety of designs, they all contain: a spreader, a fuel combustion chamber with a grate, a device for forced air supply to the combustion zone, and chambers with a coolant (Sidelkovsky LN, Yurenev VN "Boiler plants of industrial enterprises", M. , Energoatomizdat, 1988, p. 11).

However, the known installation is characterized by insufficiently high efficiency, incomplete combustion of fuel and the emission of harmful gaseous and solid residues into the atmosphere.

A device is known for burning solid fuel using a two-stage type boiler installation, in which the cylindrical combustion chamber has a height of at least 3 meters and the loading hatch is located at a height of 2 m and is equipped with a device providing sector loading of fuel, in addition, the boiler installation is equipped with pins for downhole firmware of the combustion zone (RF patent No. 2334166, IPC F23B 60/00, 09/20/2008). In the known device, the combustion of fuel in the first and second stage is carried out in a cylindrical combustion chamber. The center of the cone formed by the filled fuel is displaced relative to the center of the base of the combustion chamber, which ensures its separation into two combustion zones and the combination of a dense high-temperature flame formed during the combustion of the fuel layer at the base of the cone with gases generated during the combustion of the fuel along the entire height of the cone . The intensification of the combustion process is carried out by forced borehole flashing of the entire combustion zone of solid fuel with the help of vertical pins, lowered from the top of the boiler plant, and forced air supply to the ash part of the furnace.

However, the known device is characterized by increased energy consumption due to forced air supply to the combustion zone and conveyor ash removal, as well as insufficient cleaning of gaseous products of combustion from soot. In addition, the process of constantly monitoring the firmware and the firmware of the loading zone and the fuel burning zone with pins is a rather laborious process.

Also known is a device for burning solid fuel, comprising a housing with a combustion chamber, a manhole with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber located on the upper part of the housing, a grate installed horizontally inside the housing, an ash removal pipe installed in the lower part of the housing under grille, a manifold for supplying air to the combustion chamber and a device for removing flue gases (RF patent No. 2399845, IPC F23B 50/00, 09/20/2010).

However, this installation for burning solid fuel is characterized by insufficient reliability due to incomplete combustion of solid fuel.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the installation for burning solid fuel by reducing the heat stress of the housing and increasing the completeness of combustion of solid fuel by organizing two-zone and two-stage combustion.

The technical result achieved by the present invention is to protect the installation housing from burnout by supplying cold main air to the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods of heat-resistant steel, as well as reducing the toxicity of harmful substances in flue gases by organizing two-zone and two-stage combustion.

The problem is solved in that in the installation for burning solid fuel, comprising a housing with a combustion chamber, made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontally arranged cylinder with blind ends and mounted on a foundation, a hatch with a lid for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber located on the top part of the housing near one of its ends, a technological hatch with a lid located on the other end of the housing in its lower part, a grate, installed horizontally inside the housing under the technology with a manhole, an air supply pipe located under the grate, an ash removal pipe installed in the lower part of the body under the grate, and a flue gas removal device, the inner surface of the body is lined with heat-resistant steel sheets, rims made of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body, made in the form of arcs mounted on the grate, on the rims across them and along the perimeter of the surface of the body to the grate, the rods of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a gap, outside along the body and on its upper part there is a collector for supplying air to the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, a device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on either side of its axis and installed vertically from the open ends located L-shaped pipes, which in the upper part are made with holes, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, while the chimneys are provided with a casing holes with openings formed from the open ends of the chimneys to their middle, and the annular cavities between the chimneys and casings are connected to a manifold for supplying air.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the chimneys on the outside of the housing can be combined into one vertically arranged pipe.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed installation for burning solid fuel.

In FIG. 2 is a plan view.

In FIG. 3 is a section AA of FIG. one.

The proposed installation for burning solid fuel comprises a housing 1 with a combustion chamber made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontally located cylinder with blind ends and mounted on a foundation 2, a hatch 3 with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber located on the upper part of the housing 1 near one of its ends, the technological hatch 4 with a cover located on the other end of the casing 1 in its lower part, the grate 5 installed horizontally inside the casing 1 under the technological hatch 4, at 6 for supplying air beneath the grate 5, and tube 7 for the removal of ash, mounted at the bottom of the casing 1 under the grate 6. The inner surface of the housing 1 is lined with refractory steel sheets 8. Rims 9 of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body 1, made in the form of arcs mounted on the grate 5. On the rims 9 across them and along the perimeter of the surface of the body 1 to the grate 5, the rods 10 of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a gap. Outside along the housing 1, on its upper part, a collector 11 is installed for supplying air to the cavities 12 formed by sheets 8, rims 9 and rods 10. The device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys 13 located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on both sides of it axis and installed from the open ends to vertically arranged L-shaped pipes 14. The pipes 14 in the upper part are made with holes 15, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities 12. The pipes 13 are equipped with casings 16 with holes 17, formed from the open ends of the pipes 13 to their middle, and the annular cavity between the pipes 13 and the casings 16 are connected to the manifold 11 for air supply. Pipes 13 from the outside of the housing 1 are combined into one vertically arranged pipe 18.

The proposed installation for burning solid fuel is as follows.

Solid fuel is loaded into the housing 1 through the loading hatch 3, after which the manhole cover is hermetically closed. Through the manifold 11, cold main air enters the cavity 12, which reduces the heat stress of the housing 1. Then, air through the gaps between the rods 10 along the perimeter of the surface of the housing 1 enters the inside of the latter, where it serves as an oxygen carrier. In addition, the main air through one of the cavities 12 and the open ends enters the L-shaped pipes 14 and then through their openings 15 in the form of jets in the area of the open ends of the exhaust pipes 13 and the openings 17 of the casings 16. The solid fuel is ignited using the standby torch, failed through the technological hatch 4, after which its cover is hermetically closed. In the volume of housing 1, where solid fuel is located, a low-temperature combustion zone (zone 1) is formed with a temperature of t≈600 ÷ 900 ° C, and hot flue gases, the product of unburned fuel, accumulate in the entire volume of housing 1.

Flue hot gases move from the combustion zone (1st zone) towards lower pressure (open ends of the exhaust pipes 13), where the main air enters from the openings 15 of the L-shaped pipes 14. At the same time from the manifold 11 through the annular cavities between the pipes 13 and the casings 16 and the holes 17 of the housings 16 in the form of jets into the inside of the housing 1 receives additional air. The movement of additional air is directed against the flow of hot flue gases, due to which it is gradually heated. In the process of movement, hot flue gases are mixed with heated primary and secondary air flowing out of openings 15 and 17, as a result of which they burn out. As a result, the temperature of hot gases is constantly increasing, the second zone of solid fuel combustion with a temperature of 1500 ÷ 1700 ° C is formed. The flame is stabilized by jets of air flowing out of openings 15 and 17. Complete combustion of the combustible mixture takes place in the entire volume of the housing 1, where the main air is supplied through the gaps between the rods 10.

The shrouds 16 protect the exhaust pipes 13 from overheating due to the intake of additional air from the manifold 11. In this case, the temperature of the flue gases to the exits from the pipes 13 decreases, as a result of which flue gases with a low temperature are emitted through the pipe 18. The energy released during the combustion of solid fuels remains in the 2nd combustion zone, which increases the combustion temperature. An increase in temperature, in turn, leads to complete combustion of the fuel and a decrease in the toxicity of harmful substances in flue gases.

Thus, inside the housing 1, two-zone and two-stage combustion of solid fuel occurs with heat recovery in the exhaust pipes 13, the formation of combustible gas with a combustion temperature of solid fuel in the first zone within t≈600 ÷ 900 ° C and an increase in the process temperature in 2- zone to a level of 1500 ÷ 1700 ° C, which can dramatically reduce the formation of dioxins, since the appearance of aromatic compounds (dioxin precursors) in the flue gases is suppressed and a low content of dust particles (catalysts for the formation of dioxin in the flue gas).

The resulting ash is crumbled through the grate 5 to the bottom of the housing 1, from where it is blown out by air entering through the pipe 6, and is removed through the pipe 7.

Using the present invention will improve the reliability of the installation for burning solid fuel by reducing the heat stress of the housing by supplying cold main air to the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods of heat-resistant steel, and increasing the completeness of combustion of solid fuel by organizing two-zone and two-stage combustion.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for burning solid fuel, comprising a housing with a combustion chamber made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontal cylinder with blind ends and mounted on a foundation, a manhole with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber located on the upper part of the housing near one of its ends, a technological manhole with a lid located on the other end of the body in its lower part, a grate installed horizontally inside the body under the technological manhole, a pipe for supplying air a, located under the grate, an ash removal pipe installed in the lower part of the body under the grate and a flue gas removal device, the inner surface of the body lined with sheets of heat-resistant steel, rims made of heat-resistant steel, made in the form of arcs, are laid across the body, installed on the grate, on the rims across them and along the perimeter of the surface of the body to the grate, the rods of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a gap, outside installed along the body on the upper part a manifold for supplying air to the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, a device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on both sides of its axis and installed from the open ends to vertically arranged L-shaped pipes which are made in the upper part with openings, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, while the chimneys are provided with casings with openings formed and by the open ends of chimneys to their middle, and the annular space between the flue pipes and casings are connected to the collector of the air supply. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimneys on the outside of the housing are combined into one vertically arranged pipe.

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