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WO2025240762A1 - Correction de couleur pour optiques diffractives puissantes - Google Patents

Correction de couleur pour optiques diffractives puissantes

Info

Publication number
WO2025240762A1
WO2025240762A1 PCT/US2025/029596 US2025029596W WO2025240762A1 WO 2025240762 A1 WO2025240762 A1 WO 2025240762A1 US 2025029596 W US2025029596 W US 2025029596W WO 2025240762 A1 WO2025240762 A1 WO 2025240762A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
light
wavelength range
light guide
subset
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2025/029596
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert J. Schultz
Marek W. Kowarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vuzix Corp
Original Assignee
Vuzix Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vuzix Corp filed Critical Vuzix Corp
Publication of WO2025240762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025240762A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to augmented reality systems, and more particularly to optical image light guide systems with diffractive optics operable to convey imagebearing light to a viewer.
  • Head-mounted displays increasingly take the form of conventional eyeglasses with less obtrusive optics for conveying virtual image content with less obstructed views of the ambient environment.
  • Image generators can be supported along eyeglass temples, and substantially transparent image light guides convey the generated images to the wearer's eye(s) as virtual images that are projected into the wearer's real -world view visible through the image light guides.
  • the virtual image content can be conveyed along the image light guides as a set of angularly related beams, where the relative angular orientation of each beam in two angular dimensions corresponds to a different position (e.g., pixel) within the generated image.
  • the beams themselves are collimated as if corresponding to a distant point source located at a unique angular position within the field of view.
  • the wearer's eye views the generated images from the eyebox as virtual images located at a distance approaching infinity.
  • real -world objects of interest to the wearer may be located much closer and require some noticeable eye accommodation to bring into focus. Viewing virtual objects and real-world objects requiring different focusing accommodations within the same scene can cause eye strain.
  • a diffractive optic may be configured to provide optical power to a near-eye display system.
  • a diffractive optic having optical power can present different wavelength ranges of light to the wearer at different respective focal distances.
  • the presently disclosed subject matter provides a polychromatic near-eye display system utilizing one or more diffractive optics having optical power.
  • the present disclosure is directed to one or more exemplar ⁇ - embodiments of an image light guide system that manages focusing discrepancies between real -world and virtual objects presented to the viewer and manages vision problems affecting the focusing capabilities of the particular viewer as well as reducing demands on the viewer’s eyes for viewing virtual objects together with real-world objects within the same field of view.
  • an image light guide system including an image source system including an addressable display having a plurality of light sources operable to emit a first wavelength range, a second wavelength range, and a third wavelength range of image-bearing light; a first image light guide including a first in-coupling diffractive optic and a first out-coupling diffractive optic, wherein the first image light guide is configured to convey the first wavelength range of image-bearing light to an eyebox; a second image light guide including a second in-coupling diffractive optic and a second out-coupling diffractive optic, wherein the second image light guide is configured to convey the second wavelength range and the third wavelength range of image-bearing light to the eyebox.
  • first and second out-coupling diffractive optics are configured to provide an optical power contribution operable to converge or diverge image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox, wherein the first and second out-coupling diffractive optics comprise an output aperture center, and the output aperture center is offset from an interpupillary distance position.
  • At least one processor and at least one non-transitory computer-readable memory wherein the processor and memory are arranged to execute and store, respectively, a set of non-transitory computer-readable instructions, that when executed by the processor are configured to generate, via the image source system, central rays of the first wavelength range of image-bearing light arranged at a first angle of incidence with the first in-coupling diffractive optic; and generate, via the image source system, central rays of the second wavelength range of image-bearing light arranged at a second angle of incidence with the second in-coupling diffractive optic to reduce or eliminate a color separation of a virtual image.
  • an image light guide system including an image source system having an addressable display operable to emit a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range of image-bearing light; a first image light guide including a first in-coupling diffractive optic and a first out-coupling diffractive optic, wherein the first image light guide is configured to convey the first wavelength range of image-bearing light to an eyebox; and a second image light guide including a second in-coupling diffractive optic and a second out-coupling diffractive optic, wherein the second image light guide is configured to convey the second wavelength range of image-bearing light to the eyebox.
  • first and second out-coupling diffractive optics are configured to provide an optical power contribution to the image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox, wherein the first and second out-coupling diffractive optics comprise an output aperture center.
  • the output aperture center is aligned with the interpupillary distance position, and central rays of the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range of image-bearing light are arranged at first respective angles of incidence with the first and second in-coupling diffractive optics, creating an achromatic imaging condition.
  • the output aperture center is offset from the interpupillary distance position, creating a relative angular shift of the out-coupled rays of the first and second wavelength ranges of image-bearing light.
  • central rays of at least one of the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range of image-bearing light are arranged at a second respective angle of incidence with the first or second in-coupling diffractive optics to reduce or eliminate a color separation of a virtual image.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of correcting prism error in an image light guide system, including providing an image source system comprising an addressable display having a plurality of light sources operable to emit a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range of image-bearing light, wherein the first wavelength range of image-bearing light beams is emitted by a first subset of the plurality of light sources and the second wavelength range of image-bearing light beams is emitted by a second subset of the plurality of light sources; providing a first image light guide and a second image light guide comprising a first out-coupling diffractive optic and a second out-coupling diffractive optic, respectively, wherein the first and second out-coupling diffractive optics are configured to provide an optical power contribution, wherein a distance between an output aperture center of the first and second out-coupling diffractive optics is different than an interpupillary distance position; deactivating the first subset of the plurality of light sources; activ
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of correcting prism error in an image light guide system, including providing an image source system comprising an addressable display having a plurality of light sources operable to emit a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range of image-bearing light, wherein the first wavelength range of image-bearing light beams is emitted by a first subset of the plurality' of light sources and the second wavelength range of image-bearing light beams is emitted by a second subset of the plurality of light sources; providing a first image light guide and a second image light guide comprising a first out-coupling diffractive optic and a second out-coupling diffractive optic, respectively, wherein the first and second out-coupling diffractive optics are configured to provide an optical power contribution, wherein a distance between an output aperture center of the first and second out-coupling diffractive optics is different than a interpupillary distance position; adjusting the position of first subset of the plurality of light
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of an image light guide with an exaggerated thickness for showing the propagation of light from an image source along the image light guide to an eyebox within which the virtual image can be viewed.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an image light guide including an in-coupling diffractive optic, a turning diffractive optic, and out-coupling diffractive optic for managing the propagation of image-bearing light beams.
  • FIG. 3A is a top plan schematic view of smart glasses including an image light guide system according to an exemplary 7 embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 3B is a side elevation schematic view of the image light guide system according to FIG. 3A.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation schematic view 7 of an image light guide system w ith a negative power optical element according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation schematic view of an image light guide system w ith a negative power optical element and a positive power optical element according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevation schematic view of an image light guide system providing spherical and/or cylindrical correction to virtual image-bearing light according to an exemplary' embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation schematic view of an image light guide system providing spherical and/or cylindrical correction to virtual image-bearing light and a negative power optical element providing spherical and/or cylindrical correction to real-world light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of a diffractive optic featuring a progressive variation in pitch along a first dimension of the diffractive optic for generating a virtual focus for one dimension of an image.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portion of a diffractive optic featuring a stepwise variation in an orientation angle of diffractive features along a second dimension of the diffractive optic.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a portion of an out-coupling diffractive optic featuring an array of outlined zones, each with parallel diffractive features of equal pitch, but with the respective zones varying in pitch along one dimension of the array and varying in orientation angle along another dimension of the array.
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of a portion of an out-coupling diffractive optic featuring an array of zones, each zone having a common pitch between each diffractive feature of the first and second sets of output diffractive features, the common pitch vary ing between zones in at least a first dimension according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 12 is a front view of a portion of an out-coupling diffractive optic featuring a plurality of patterns of diffractive features according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIGS. 13-17 are simplified top plan schematic views of a portion of an image light guide system showing out-coupling angles of image-bearing light according to one or more exemplary’ embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 18A is a schematic perspective view of an image source system according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the image source system according to FIG. 18 A.
  • FIG. 19A is a schematic view of a portion of the image source system according to FIG. 18 A.
  • FIG. 19B is a schematic view of a portion of the image source system according to FIG.
  • FIG. 19C is a schematic view of a portion of the image source system according to FIG. 18 A.
  • FIG. 20 is a side elevation schematic view of the image light guide system according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • viewer refers to the person, or machine, that wears and/or views images using a device having an imaging light guide.
  • set refers to a non-empty 7 set, as the concept of a collection of elements or members of a set is widely understood in elementary mathematics.
  • subset refers to a non-empty proper subset, that is, to a subset of the larger set, having one or more members.
  • a subset may comprise the complete set S.
  • a “proper subset’’ of set S is strictly contained in set S and excludes at least one member of set S.
  • Coupled, in the context of optics refer to a connection by which light travels from one optical medium or device to another optical medium or device.
  • wavelength band and “wavelength range” are equivalent and have their standard connotation as used by those skilled in the art of color imaging and refer to a continuous range of light wavelengths that are used to represent polychromatic images.
  • beam expansion is intended to mean replication of a beam via multiple encounters with an optical element to provide exit pupil expansion in one or more dimensions.
  • expand is intended to mean replication of a beam via multiple encounters with an optical element to provide exit pupil expansion in one or more dimensions.
  • An optical system such as a HMD. can produce a virtual image.
  • a virtual image is not formed on a display surface. That is, if a display surface were positioned at the perceived location of a virtual image, no image would be formed on that surface.
  • Virtual images have a number of inherent advantages for augmented reality presentation. For example, the apparent size of a virtual image is not limited by the size or location of a display surface. Additionally, the source object for a virtual image may be small; for example, a magnifying glass provides a virtual image of an object. In comparison with systems that project a real image, a more realistic viewing experience can be provided by forming a virtual image that appears to be some distance away. Providing a virtual image also obviates the need to compensate for screen artifacts, as may be necessary when projecting a real image.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified cross-sectional view of one conventional configuration of an image light guide system 10.
  • Image light guide system 10 includes a planar image light guide 12, an in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, and an out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the image light guide 12 includes a transparent substrate S, which can be made of optical glass or plastic, with plane-parallel front and back surfaces 14 and 16.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO is shown as a transmissive-type diffraction grating arranged on, in, or otherwise engaged with the front surface 14 of the image light guide 12.
  • in-coupling diffractive optic IDO could alternately be a reflective-type diffraction grating or other type of diffractive optic, such as a volume hologram or other holographic diffraction element, that diffracts incoming image-bearing light beams WI into the image light guide 12.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO can be located on, in, or otherwise engaged with front surface 14 or back surface 16 of the image light guide 12 and can be of a transmissive or reflective-type in a combination that depends upon the direction from which the image-bearing light beams WI approach the image light guide 12.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO of the conventional image light guide system 10 couples the image-bearing light beams WI from a real, virtual or hybrid image source 18 into the substrate S of the image light guide 12.
  • Any real image or image dimension formed by the image source 18 is first converted into an array of overlapping, angularly related, collimated beams encoding the different positions within a virtual image for presentation to the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO.
  • the rays within each bundle forming one of the angularly related beams extend in parallel, but the angularly related beams are relatively inclined to each other through angles that can be defined in two angular dimensions corresponding to linear dimensions of the image.
  • the angularly related beams engage with the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, at least a portion of the image-bearing light beams WI is diffracted (generally through a first diffraction order) and thereby redirected by in-coupling diffractive optic IDO into the planar image light guide 12 as angularly encoded image-bearing light beams WG for further propagation along a length dimension x of the image light guide 12 by total internal reflection (TIR) between the plane-parallel front and back surfaces 14 and 16.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • the imagebearing light beams WG preserve the image information in an angularly encoded form that is derivable from the parameters of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO receives the encoded image-bearing light beams WG and diffracts (also generally through a first diffraction order) at least a portion of the image-bearing light beams WG out of the image light guide 12, as image-bearing light beams WO, toward a nearby region of space referred to as an eyebox E, within which the transmitted virtual image can be seen by a viewer's eye or other optical component.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can be designed symmetrically with respect to the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO to restore the original angular relationships of the image-bearing light beams WI among outputted angularly related beams of the image-bearing light beams WO.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can modify the original field points’ positional angular relationships producing an output virtual image at a finite focusing distance.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO is arranged together with a limited thickness T of the image light guide 12 to encounter the image-bearing light beams WG multiple times and to diffract only a portion of the image-bearing light beams WG upon each encounter.
  • the multiple encounters along the length (e.g., a first direction) of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO have the effect of replicating the image-bearing light beams WG and enlarging or expanding at least one dimension of the eyebox E where the replicated beams overlap.
  • the expanded eyebox E decreases sensitivity to the position of a viewer's eye for viewing the virtual image.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO is shown as a transmissive-tj pe diffraction grating arranged on or secured to the front surface 14 of the image light guide 12.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can be located on, in, or otherwise engaged w ith the front or back surface 14 or 16 of the image light guide 12 and can be of a transmissive or reflective-type in a combination that depends upon the direction through which the image-bearing light beams WG is intended to exit the image light guide 12.
  • out-coupling diffractive optic ODO could be formed as another type of diffractive optic, such as a volume hologram or other holographic diffraction element, that diffracts propagating imagebearing light beams WG from the image light guide 12 as the image-bearing light beams WO propagating toward the eyebox E.
  • diffractive optic such as a volume hologram or other holographic diffraction element
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a conventional image light guide system 10 arranged for expanding the eyebox E in two dimensions, i.e., along both x- and y-axes of the intended image.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO is oriented to diffract at least a portion of image-bearing light beams WG along a grating vector kl along the image light guide 12 toward an intermediate turning optic TO with diffractive features and grating vector k2 oriented to diffract at least a portion of the image-bearing light beams WG in a reflective mode along the image light guide 12 toward the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO redirects the image-bearing light beams WG toward the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO (having a grating vector k3) for longitudinally replicating the angularly related beams of the image-bearing light beams WG in a second direction before exiting the image light guide 12 as the image-bearing light beams WO.
  • Grating vectors such as the depicted grating vectors kl, k2, and k3, extend within a parallel plane of the image light guide 12 in respective directions that are parallel to the direction of periodicity of the diffractive features (e g., normal to grooves, lines, or rulings) of the diffractive optics and have respective magnitudes inverse to the period or pitch d (i.e., the on-center distance between the diffractive features) of the diffractive optics IDO, TO, and ODO. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that light can also be directed into diffracted orders corresponding to grating vectors -kl, -k2, and -k3.
  • in-coupling diffractive optic IDO receives the incoming imagebearing light beams WI containing a set of angularly related beams corresponding to individual pixels or equivalent locations within an image generated by the image source 18, such as a projector.
  • a full range of angularly encoded beams for producing a virtual image can be generated by a real display together with collimating optics or other optical components, by a beam scanner for more directly setting the angles of the beams, or by a combination such as a one-dimensional real display used w ith a scanner.
  • the image light guide 12 outputs a replicated set of angularly related beams (replicated in tw o dimensions) by providing multiple encounters of the image-bearing light beams WG with both the intermediate turning optic TO and the out- coupling diffractive optic ODO in different orientations.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO provides eyebox expansion in a first dimension, e.g., the y-axis direction
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO provides a similar eyebox expansion in a second dimensions, e.g., the x-axis direction.
  • the relative orientations and respective periods d of the diffractive features of the in-coupling optic IDO, intermediate turning optic TO, and out-coupling diffractive optic ODO provide for eyebox expansion in two dimensions while preserving the intended relationships among the angularly related beams of the image-bearing light beams WI that are output from the image light guide system 10 as the imagebearing light beams WO.
  • the periods d of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO. the intermediate turning optic TO, and the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO. can each include diffractive features having a common (i.e., constant) pitch d, where the common pitch d of each diffractive optic IDO, TO, ODO can be different.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO located in an intermediate position between the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO, can be arranged so that it does not induce significant changes to the encoding of the image-bearing light beams WG.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can be arranged in a symmetric fashion with respect to the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, e.g., including diffractive features sharing the same period d.
  • the period of the intermediate turning optic TO can also match the common period of the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO.
  • the grating vector k2 of the intermediate turning optic TO is shown oriented at 45 degrees with respect to the other grating vectors, which remains a possible orientation, the grating vector k2 of the intermediate turning optic TO can be oriented at 60 degrees to the grating vectors kl and k3 of the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO in such a way that the image-bearing light beams WG are turned 120 degrees.
  • the grating vectors kl and k3 of the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO are also oriented at 60 degrees with respect to each other.
  • the three grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 (as directed line segments) form an equilateral triangle and sum to a zero vector magnitude, which avoids asymmetric effects that could introduce unwanted aberrations including chromatic dispersion.
  • Such asymmetric effects can also be avoided by grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 that have unequal magnitudes in relative orientations at which the three grating vectors kl, k2. and k3 sum to a zero vector magnitude.
  • the image-bearing light beams WI that are directed into the image light guide 12 are effectively encoded by the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, whether the in-coupling optic IDO uses gratings, holograms, prisms, mirrors, or some other mechanism. Any reflection, refraction, and/or diffraction of light that takes place at the input should be correspondingly decoded by the output to re-form the virtual image that is presented to the viewer. Whether any symmetries are maintained among the intermediate turning optic TO.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO and the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO can be related so that the image-bearing light beams WO that are output from the image light guide 12 preserve or otherwise maintain the original or desired form of the image-bearing light beams WI for producing the intended virtual image.
  • the letter “R” represents the orientation of the virtual image that is visible to the viewer whose eye is positioned within the eyebox E.
  • the orientation of the letter “R’‘ in the represented virtual image matches the orientation of the letter “R”’ as encoded by the image-bearing light beams WI.
  • a change in the rotation about the z axis or angular orientation of incoming image-bearing light beams WI with respect to the x-y plane causes a corresponding symmetric change in rotation or angular orientation of outgoing light from out- coupling diffractive optic (ODO).
  • OEO diffractive optic
  • the intermediate turning optic TO simply acts as a type of optical relay, providing one dimension of eyebox expansion through replication of the angularly encoded beams of the image-bearing light beams WG along one axis (e.g., along the y-axis) of the image.
  • Out-coupling diffractive optic ODO further provides a second dimension of eyebox expansion through replication of the angularly encoded beams along another axis (e.g., along the x-axis) while maintaining the original orientation of the virtual image encoded by the image-bearing light beams WI.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO is typically a slanted or square grating or, alternately, can be a blazed grating and is typically arranged on one of the plane-parallel front and back surfaces of the image light guide 12. It should be appreciated that the representation of the virtual image “R’" as created by an image source is comprised of infinitely focused light that requires a lens (e.g.. the lens in the human eye) to focus the image so that the orientations discussed above can be detected.
  • a lens e.g. the lens in the human eye
  • the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO, TO. and ODO preferably preserve the angular relationships among beams of different wavelengths defining a virtual image upon conveyance by image light guide 12 from an offset position to a near-eye position of the viewer. While doing so, the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO, TO, and ODO can be relatively positioned and oriented in different ways to control the overall shape of the image light guide 12 as well as the overall orientations at which the angularly related beams can be directed into and out of the image light guide 12.
  • FIG. 3A shows a top plan, schematic view of a portion of an exemplary head-mounted image light guide system 100 according to the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3B shows a schematic side view of a portion of an exemplary head-mounted image light guide system 100.
  • the image light guide system 100 can take the form of aheadmounted display, near-eye display system, or other head-mounted optical system.
  • the example image light guide system 100 includes at least one image light guide, e.g., image light guide 102, in the form of a planar waveguide.
  • image light guide 102 can include the same structure, functionality, material, and/or features described above with respect to image light guide 12, e.g..
  • image light guide 102 can include an in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, an intermediate turning optic, and an out-coupling diffractive optic ODO. Although illustrated as a planar waveguide in FIG. 3B, it should be appreciated that image light guide 102 can be a planar waveguide or a non-planar waveguide, e.g., a curved waveguide. Additionally, the image light guide 102 includes a transparent substrate S, which can be made of, without limitation, optical glass, quartz, or plastic, with plane-parallel front and back surfaces 104 and 106, respectively.
  • image light guide system 100 and image light guide 102 are configured to receive angularly related image-bearing light beams WI and couple the angularly related image-bearing light beams into the image light guide 102 by an in-coupling diffractive optic IDO (located on the front or back surfaces 104, 106 of the image light guide 102 and configured as transmissive-type or reflective-type diffraction element).
  • IDO diffractive optic
  • the angularly encoded image-bearing light beams are configured to propagate along a length dimension of the image light guide 102 and exit the image light guide 102 by interaction with an out-coupling diffractive optic ODO, such that at least one image is formed within an eyebox E for viewing by a viewer or other optical component.
  • image light guide 102 can also utilize one or more encounters with an intermediate turning optic or the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO to expand the size of the eyebox E in one or more dimensions.
  • image light guide system 100 also includes an image source 108.
  • image source 108 is a projector that includes a light source as well as one or more optical components to focus and/or collimate light generated by the light source.
  • image source 108 comprises one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), or micro LEDs (uLEDs).
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • OLEDs organic LEDs
  • uLEDs micro LEDs
  • image source 108 is a color field sequential projector system operable to pulse image-bearing light of multiple wavebands, for example light from within red, green, and blue wavelength ranges, onto a digital light modulator/micro-mirror array (a “DLP’ ) or a liquid crystal on silicon (“LCDS”) display.
  • image source 108 includes one or more pico-projectors. where each pico-projector is configured to produce a single primary color band (e.g., red. green, or blue).
  • image source 108 includes a single pico-projector arranged to produce at least three primary color bands (e.g., red, green, and blue).
  • the three primary color bands include a green band having a wavelength in the range betw een 495 nm and 570 nm, a red band having a wavelength in the range between 620 nm and 750 nm, and a blue band having a wavelength in the range between 450 nm and 495 nm.
  • the substantially collimated light generated by the pico-projector, once coupled, and transmitted through image light guide 102, can be used by image light guide system 100 to form one or more virtual images viewable by a user's eye or other optical components positioned within eyebox E.
  • image light guide system 100 also includes a housing 1 10 which includes a right eye-rim section 1 12 having a right temple 1 14 and a nose-bridge portion 116. Between temple 114 and nose-bridge portion 116, housing 110 includes a right aperture 118 configured to receive image light guide 102 such that during operation of the image light guide system 100, the image light guide 102 is configured to form at least one image related to one or more virtual objects within a viewer’s right eye 120.
  • housing 110 can be symmetrical, i.e., can include a right eye-rim section 112 and left eye-rim section where each of the right eye-rim section 112 and the left eye-rim section both include a respective temple and respective image light guides 102 configured to form respective virtual images related to one or more virtual objects within the viewer’s right and left eyes.
  • image light guide system 100 and housing 110 can be configured as a binocular display system forming images in both the right and left eye of the viewer.
  • housing 110 is made of a metal, plastic, or wood material (or any combination thereof), and is intended to be opaque, i.e., not transmissive to visible light.
  • image light guide 102 is removably secured between the temple 114 and nose-bridge portion 116, i.e., image light guide 102 can be removed and/or replaced without the aid of additional tools.
  • image light guide system 100 can include multiple, stacked, image light guides 102.
  • one image light guide 102 of the stack is configured to in-couple and propagate light of a first wavelength range (e.g., light in the red portion of the visible spectrum), while another image light guide 102 of the stack is configured to in-couple and propagate a second wavelength range (e.g., light in the green and/or blue portions of the visible spectrum).
  • a first wavelength range e.g., light in the red portion of the visible spectrum
  • a second wavelength range e.g., light in the green and/or blue portions of the visible spectrum
  • image light guide system 100 can further include a cover window or other protective outer cover 122.
  • an anti -reflective coating can be provided on the front and/or back surface of the protective outer cover 122.
  • protective outer cover 122 can provide filtering or other optical functions that affect the viewer’s view of the real-world objects RWO without affecting the viewer’s view of the virtual objects VO.
  • image light guide system 100 can include an optical coupler IDO.
  • Optical coupler IDO can take the form of an in-coupling diffractive optic, such as a plurality or set of surface relief gratings or a volume hologram.
  • optical coupler IDO can take the form of a prism configured to receive image-bearing light from projector 106 and redirect and/or in-couple the image-bearing light into image light guide 102.
  • optical coupler IDO includes an in-coupling diffractive optic as well as a prism.
  • the image light guide system 100 is configured to receive virtual image-bearing light WI generated by the image source 108 at the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, propagate the in-coupled image-bearing light WG along the image light guide 102 via TIR. and out-couple image-bearing light WO at the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO to form images related to virtual objects VO (shown as a schematic triangle) in the eyebox E using at least the in-coupling, TIR, and out-coupling mechanisms of image-light guide 1 2 discussed above.
  • image light guide 102 is also operable to receive and transmit image-bearing light 130 reflected from real-world objects RWO (shown as a schematic star) to the eyebox E.
  • RWO real-world objects
  • the viewer’s right eye 120 is configured to form images associated with virtual objects VO and images associated with real -world objects RWO from within a common field of view FOV.
  • the common field of view FOV can encompass a broader or narrower angular field of view than the field show n, e.g., the common field of view FOV could be wide enough to completely encompass the image light guide 102 or could only cover a portion of the image light guide 102. As shown in FIG.
  • the dotted lines associated with virtual image-bearing light WO illustrate a virtual projection associated with a virtual image originating from a virtual source position.
  • the dotted lines illustrate virtual image-bearing light traced back to a virtual focal point within the environment such that light used to form virtual objects VO within the eyebox E appear to originate from the virtual position of the virtual object VO within the environment and within the common FOV.
  • virtual image-bearing light WI is in-coupled into image light guide 102, propagates along the length dimension (vertically in FIG.
  • real -world image-bearing light 130 is transmitted through image light guide 102 and proceeds to eyebox E and is operable to form one or more images within the eyebox E associated with one or more real-world objects RWO from within the environment and from within a common field of view FOV as the virtual objects VO.
  • image source 108 is configured to produce substantially collimated virtual image-bearing light WO.
  • the images associated with virtual objects VO formed within eyebox E will be focused at optical infinity.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified schematic side view of one example configuration of a righteye rim section 112 of image light guide system 100.
  • virtual imagebearing light WI may be in-coupled into image light guide 102 via an in-coupling diffractive optic IDO and can propagate by TIR along a length dimension of image light guide 102 until it is out- coupled from image light guide 102 as virtual image-bearing light WO.
  • virtual objects VO and real-world objects RWO are within a common field of view.
  • image light guide system 100 can also include a negative-power optical element 132 which provides a negative optical power contribution 134 to image light guide system 100.
  • the negative-power optical element is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the viewer’s right eye 120.
  • the negative-power optical element 132 operates to diverge incident image-bearing light, reducing the apparent focusing distance of the incident imagebearing light.
  • the negative-power optical element 132 operates to decrease the focusing distance for virtual objects originally focused at optical infinity.
  • the negative-power optical element 132 is configured to diverge virtual image-bearing light 128A such that the focusing distance of the virtual object VO is reduced from a first focusing distance to a second focusing distance associated with virtual image-bearing light 128B, where the second focusing distance is less than the first focusing distance (e.g., less than optical infinity).
  • the negative-power optical element 132 can be formed as, without limitation, a plano-concave lens, a biconcave lens, a negative meniscus lens, or any optical element that causes incident light to diverge in predictable ways such that it forms at least one image at a reduced focusing distance from its actual distance to the viewer.
  • the second focusing distance is between 0.005 m and 6 m. In other examples, the second focusing distance is selected between 0.005 m and 4 m.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128B is focused by the viewer’s eye 120 such that the virtual object VO appears at a second focusing distance (shown in FIG. 4 by a triangle formed of dotted lines) where the second focusing distance is shorter than the first focusing distance with respect to the eyebox E.
  • a negative-power optical element e.g., negative-power optical element 132
  • the negative-power optical element 132 also operates to diverge real-world imagebearing light 130A such that the focusing distance of any real-world objects RWO is also reduced from, for example, a first focusing distance to a second focusing distance (show n in FIG. 4 by a star formed of dotted lines). It should be appreciated that real-world objects RWO do not need to be located at a distance greater than 6 meters (20 feet), i.e., an infinity focusing distance, to be affected by the negative optical power contribution of the negative-power optical element.
  • the perceived focusing distance of real-world objects RWO located at a finite focusing distance will also be reduced.
  • the negative optical power contribution 134 of the negative-power optical element 132 must be counteracted with respect to the real-world image-bearing light 130A.
  • a positive-power optical element where the positivepower optical element provides a positive optical power contribution that is configured to counteract, cancel, or negate the negative optical power contribution 134 of negative-power optical element 132 with respect to images formed from light reflected off real -world objects RWO within the environment.
  • the positive-power optical element is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-w orld objects RWO, i.e., on the opposing side of image light guide 102 with respect to the negative-power optical element 132.
  • FIG. 5 which illustrates a simplified schematic side elevation view of one example configuration of a right-eye rim section 112 of image light guide system 100 having both a negative-power optical element 132 and a positive-power optical element 136
  • the positive-power optical element 136 provides a positive optical power contribution 138 that is configured to counteract, cancel, or negate the negative optical power contribution 134 of negative-power optical element 132 with respect to images formed from light reflected off real- world objects RWO within the environment.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO, i.e., on the opposing side of image light guide 102 with respect to the negative-pow er optical element 132.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 operates to converge incident image-bearing light, increasing the apparent focusing distance of any real-world objects RWO.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 By positioning the positive-power optical element 136 between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO with the environment, the positive-power optical element 136 operates to increase the focusing distance for real-world objects RWO and counteract, cancel, or negate the reduction of focusing distance of images of the real-world objects RWO caused by the negative-power optical element 132, prior to the real-world image-bearing light 130 A reaching the image light guide 102 and/or the negative-power optical element 132.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 could be formed as at least a portion of the cover window 122 and/or the positive optical contribution 138 could be provided at least in part by cover window 122.
  • the negative optical power contribution 134 and positive optical power contribution 138 are measured in diopters.
  • the diopter value of the negativepower optical element 132 is equal to, and opposite of. the optical pow er provided by the positivepower optical element 136.
  • the negative optical power contribution 134 can be selected as at least one of -0.5, -0.75, -1 , -1.5, -2 diopters etc.
  • the positive optical power contribution 138 of the positive-pow er optical element 136 is selected to be at least one of +0.5.
  • the net effect of providing a negative-power optical element 132 between the image light guide 102 and the eyebox E and providing a positive-power optical element 136 between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO within the environment, where the optical contributions of each optical element have the same magnitude and cancel each other, is that the virtual objects VO will appear at a focusing distance less than optical infinity' while the focusing distance of real -world objects RWO remains unchanged.
  • the positivepower optical element 136 can be formed as, without limitation, a plano-convex lens, a biconvex lens, a positive meniscus lens, or any optical element that causes incident light to converge in predictable w ays such that it forms at least one image at an increased focusing distance from its actual distance to the viewer.
  • the image light guide system 100 can also include one or more corrective optical elements 140 that provide a corrective optical contribution 142 to both the virtual image-bearing light 128 and real-world image-bearing light 130.
  • Corrective optical element 140 can be formed as a monofocal, bifocal, or multifocal optical element, such as a refractive lens, diffraction grating, holographic optical element (HOE), or any combination thereof.
  • corrective optical element 140 can provide spherical or cylindrical corrections specific to the particular viewer.
  • virtual image-bearing light WO is out-coupled from image light guide 102 as substantially collimated virtual image-bearing light 128 A.
  • virtual image-bearing light 128A refracts through negative-power optical element 132, the light diverges (shown as virtual image-bearing light 128B).
  • Virtual image-bearing light 128B continues toward the eyebox E until it encounters and refracts through corrective optical element 140.
  • Corrective optical element 140 provides a corrective optical contribution 142 which can be customized for the viewer to offset for the viewer’s particular optical maladies, e.g., myopia (near-sightedness).
  • the corrected virtual image-bearing light 128C then operates to form one or more images of virtual object VOc at a corrected distance.
  • corrective optical contribution 142 will provide a negative optical power, reducing the apparent distance to the virtual object VOc.
  • real-world image-bearing light BOA reflected off real-world objects RWO within the environment, propagates to the image light guide system 100 and encounters positivepower optical element 136, which converges real-world image-bearing light BOA forming real- world image-bearing light BOB.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 can be formed with a positive optical power contribution of +2 diopters.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB is then transmitted through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 having a negative optical power contribution 134 of, for example, -2 diopters.
  • real-world image-bearing light BOB refracts through negative-power optical element 132
  • the light is converged such that the net effect of the positive optical power contribution 138 of the positive-optical power element 136 and the negative optical power contribution 134 of the negative-optical power element 132 cancel forming real-world image-bearing light 130C, which represents the true position of the real-world object RWO within the environment.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130C continues to propagate in the direction of the eyebox E and encounters corrective optical element 140.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to provide spherical correction to the virtual image-bearing light 128 (i.e., the out- coupling optic ODO contributes optical power) out-coupled toward the eyebox E.
  • Spherically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and propagates toward the eyebox E.
  • image light guide system 100 includes a first corrective optical element 140 (e.g., a spherical or hemispherical lens) and image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO.
  • light reflected from the real-world object RWO propagates as real-world image-bearing light 130A until it reaches first corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light 130A forms real-world image-bearing light 130B.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130B continues to propagate through image light guide 102 into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to provide spherical and/or cylindrical correction to the virtual image-bearing light 128 (i.e., the out-coupling optic ODO contributes optical power) out-coupled toward the eyebox E.
  • Spherically and/or cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128 A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and propagates toward the eyebox E.
  • An out-coupling optic ODO configured to contribute both spherical and cylindrical correction of the virtual image-bearing light 128 may be referred to herein as providing a compound optical power contribution.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a spherical correction and the virtual image-bearing light 128 experiences a cylindrical correction and/or spherical correction.
  • each of the angularly related beams of the image-bearing light 128 A is no longer collimated, i.e.. diverging from a point at infinity, but instead appears to diverge or converge from a point located much closer or further to the image light guide 102.
  • One mechanism for converting a dimension of collimated image-bearing light 128 propagating along the image light guide 102 into a plurality of diverging beams representing a near focus position in a virtual image is presented in FIG. 8 as a stepped-chirp out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • Grating vector k5 extends parallel to the x- axis in a direction opposite to the direction along which the collimated image-bearing light 128 is propagated.
  • the period d of the diffractive features of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO increases in a stepwise manner along the same direction of propagation. Because the angle through which a given beam of image-bearing light 128 is diffracted is inversely proportional to the period d of the diffractive features, the angle through which the collimated beam is diffracted decreases with successive encounters of the collimated beam along the stepped-chirp out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a portion of the out- coupling diffractive optic ODO featuring a zone-segmented pattern having an angular variation between the zones generally along ay-axis dimension of the diffractive optic.
  • the period d along the x-axis direction is held constant to emphasize the effect of a stepped variation in the angular orientation of the diffractive features.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO may include straight line diffractive features 182 forming contiguous chordal segments of a curve. Measured against the y-axis, the angle q> of the straight line diffractive features 182 varies in a stepwise fashion along the y-axis as chords of a continuous curve. The straight line diffractive features 182 angularly depart from the y-axis orientation in a stepwise fashion with distance from a centerline 184 of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO along the x-axis, but the angular departures change in sign on opposite sides of the centerline 184.
  • Progressive redirection of the angularly related beams 128 in the y-z plane can be effected by changing an angle cp of diffractive features within the x-y plane of the image light guide 102.
  • the beams of image-bearing light 128 are diffracted through a progression of angles (3 in the y-z plane as a function of position along the y axis.
  • each of the angularly related beams of the image-bearing light 128 A appears to emanate from a unique near-focus point f.
  • FIG. 10 shows, in simplified schematic form, a portion of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO that is divided into a two-dimensional array of zones Z, which combine a stepwise variation in pitch along the x-axis dimension of the array with a stepwise variation in the orientation of the diffractive features in the y-axis dimension of the array.
  • Each of the zones Z include a set of linear diffractive features, which extend parallel to each other and have equal pitch.
  • successive zones along the x-axis dimension of the array, and referred to in the array as a row have respective sets of parallel diffractive features that extend in the same direction but have different periods d (i.e., different pitch).
  • Successive zones along the y-axis dimension of the array, and referred to in the array as a column have respective sets of parallel diffractive features that extend in progressively different directions through angle q>.
  • the linear diffractive features 182 within each zone Zn extend in parallel, and the linear diffractive features 182 within each of the zones of a row also extend in parallel.
  • grating vectors k of the zones within each row extend in parallel.
  • the pitch (period d) progressively varies in a stepwise manner among the zones of each row.
  • the magnitudes of the grating vectors k progressively vary 7 along each row.
  • the grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 of contiguous zones Zl, Z2, and Z3 in the same row all extend in the same direction but at different lengths.
  • grating vectors k4, k5, and k6 of contiguous zones Z4, Z5, and Z6 extend in the same direction but at different lengths.
  • a similar observation can be made among the grating vectors of the zones Z7, Z8, and Z9 and the zones Z10, Zl 1, and Z12 of the other depicted rows.
  • the grating vectors progressively change in angular orientation in a stepwise manner through the angle ip. While the displacements between linear diffractive features 182 in the x-axis direction remain constant among the zones within each of the columns, the pitch itself varies as a product of the x-axis displacement and the cosine of angle ⁇ p. Thus, the angular orientations of the grating vectors kl, k4, k7, and klO vary in angle rp a stepwise manner between the contiguous zones Zl, Z4, Z7. and Z10 of a column and the magnitudes of these grating vectors kl. k4. k7.
  • the zones of each row include upper and lower boundaries that are all aligned in parallel to a common axis, i.e., the x-axis
  • the zones in each column are aligned along a respective arc.
  • the zones along two columns of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO are shown in alignment with arcs.
  • Each linear diffractive features 182 segment that extends between the upper and lower boundaries of a zone can be considered as a chord along an arc.
  • the arcs of the different columns within the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO share the same curvature and are distinguished by different offsets along the x-axis direction.
  • the parallel linear diffractive features 182 between the adjacent zones within the individual columns are oriented in different directions, the shared x-axis displacements of the diffractive features in the adjacent zones within each column allow the parallel diffractive features of the adjacent zones to precisely abut.
  • the effective forward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 within each zone of a column intersect with the effective forward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 of an adjacent zone within the same column, and the effective rearward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 within each zone of a column intersect with the effective rearward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 of an adjacent zone within the same column.
  • the included angle between the linear diffractive features 182 at each intersection is the supplementary angle to the angular difference between the angular orientations of the diffractive features of the adjacent zones of the column.
  • the linear diffractive features 182 of each column form a chordal representation of an arc. Superscribed arcs having these chords are offset between the columns of zones but share the same curvature and are thus not concentric.
  • the zones differ from one another in at least one of pitch and orientation, the pitch and orientation within any given zone remain constant.
  • each zone can be easily replicated and matched to its adjacent zones that only vary in pitch and orientation, with the zones in each row sharing the same orientation and the zones of each column sharing the same x-axis displacements between linear diffractive features 182.
  • the zones are configured non-symmetrically.
  • the zones are configured to provide optical power along one axis of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the imagebearing light beams are effectively redirected by the zones from parallel orientation to a series of convergence points along an imaginary line/axis.
  • the zones may be configured to provide a first optical power along one axis and a second optical power along the orthogonal axis.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows, in simplified schematic form, a portion of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO having a first set of diffractive features 186 and a second set of diffractive features 188.
  • First set of diffractive features 186 may be optimized to out-couple a first wavelength range of light (e.g.. blue light) and second set of diffractive features 188 may be optimized to out-couple a second wavelength range of light (e.g., red light).
  • the first and second sets of diffractive features 186 and 188 at least partially overlap and are curved (i.e., curvilinear) or approximate a curv e with linear segments to introduce optical power as described above.
  • first set of diffractive features 186 is chirped in a first direction, meaning diffractive features 186 progressively increase in pitch in one direction.
  • first set of diffractive features 186 have a pitch dl progressively increasing in pitch in a first direction (i.e., a direction opposite to the direction of grating vector k4).
  • second set of diffractive features 188 is chirped in a second direction different from the first direction.
  • second set of diffractive features 188 comprises pitch d2 progressively increasing in pitch in a second direction (i.e., a direction opposite to the direction of grating vector k5).
  • the pitch progression of second set of diffractive features 188 is equal to the pitch progression of first set of diffractive features 186. In other exemplary embodiments, the pitch progression of the second set of diffractive features 188 is not equal to the pitch progression of the first set of diffractive features 186.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO may be divided into a two-dimensional array of zones, for example zones Z1-Z12.
  • zones Z1-Z12 includes a set of linear diffractive features 186, 188, w hich extend parallel to each other and have equal pitch within each respective zone Z1-Z12.
  • zone Z1 includes diffractive features 186 including pitch dl and diffractive features 188 including pitch d2.
  • pitch dl is equal to pitch d2.
  • pitch dl is not equal to pitch d2.
  • each zone has the form of a diffractive optical element with crossed linear diffractive features.
  • Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl along the x-axis dimension of the array, referred to as rows.
  • pitch dl in zone Z1 is greater than pitch dl in zone Z2, which is greater than pitch dl in zone Z3.
  • stepwise variation is intended to describe that the common pitch (e.g., pitch dl) between diffractive features of the same zone is constant, but the common pitch dl in each successive zone along the x-axis dimension of the array changes, e.g., increases or decreases.
  • diffractive features 186 comprise the same (e.g., constant) curvature/grating orientation along the x-axis, namely, diffractive features 186 have the same grating vector 1 4D across zones Z1-Z3 (i.e., the angle of diffractive features 186 across zones Z1-Z3 are the same, and thus diffractive features 186 across zones Z1-Z3 are parallel to each other). This same behavior occurs with respect to diffractive features 186 across the x-axis throughout the array. Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl , e.g. , decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z4-Z6, and a constant grating vector k4c.
  • Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z7-Z9, and a constant grating vector k4n. Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z10-Z12, and a constant grating vector k4A. Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in grating vector along the y-axis dimension of the array, referred to as columns. That is, diffractive features 186 of each zone in a column comprise a set of parallel diffractive features having a common pitch dl. that extend in progressively different directions through angle ⁇
  • the angle of diffractive features 186 and their grating vectors k4A, k4n. k4c, k4o differ in zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10, respectively.
  • diffractive features 186 are linear in each respective zone, diffractive features 186 approximate a curved line in the direction of the y-axis dimension.
  • diffractive features 186 exhibit the stepwise variation in direction in the column including zones Z2, Z5, Z8, and Zl 1 , and the column including zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12.
  • the magnitude of grating vector k4o increases in stepwise fashion across zones Z1-Z3.
  • grating vector k5c increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z4-Z6, grating vector k5n increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z7-Z9, and grating vector k5 ⁇ increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z10-Z12.
  • Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch d2 along the y-axis dimension of the array (i.e., the columns).
  • pitch d2 in zone Zl is greater than pitch d2 in zone Z4, which is greater than pitch d2 in zone Z7, which is greater than pitch d2 in zone Z10.
  • stepwise variation is intended to describe that the common pitch d2 within each zone is constant within the zone, but in each successive zone along the y-axis dimension of the array the pitch changes, e.g., increases or decreases.
  • Diffractive features 188 comprise the same curvature/grating orientation along the y-axis, namely, diffractive features 188 have the same grating vector k5A across zones Zl, Z4, Z7. and Z10 (i.e., the angle of diffractive features 188 across zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10 are the same, and thus diffractive features 188 across zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10 are parallel to each other). This same behavior occurs with respect to diffractive features 188 across the y-axis throughout the array. Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch d2, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z2, Z5, Z8, and Zl 1, and a constant grating vector R5B.
  • Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch d2, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12, and a constant grating vector k5c.
  • Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in grating vector along the x-axis dimension of the array (i.e., the rows). That is, diffractive features 188 of each zone in a row comprises a set of parallel diffractive features d2, having the same pitch, that extend in progressively different directions through angle ⁇ f>. As shown, the angle of diffractive features 188 and their grating vectors k5. -k5c differ in zones Z1-Z3, respectively.
  • diffractive features 188 are linear in each respective zone, diffractive features 188 approximate a curved line in the direction of the x-axis dimension. Similarly, diffractive features 188 exhibit the stepwise variation in direction in the row including zones Z4-Z6. the row including zones Z7-Z9, and the row including zones Z10-Z12.
  • grating vectors k5 for diffractive features 188 may increase in magnitude in the y-axis dimension as the pitch d2 decreases.
  • the magnitude of grating vector k5 ⁇ increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10.
  • grating vector k5B increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z2.
  • Z5. Z8, and Zl l, and grating vector k5c increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12.
  • the vector contributions of either the curve (or approximated curve) and/or the chirp of diffractive features 186, 188 at any given point along out-coupling diffractive optic ODO independently create spherical and/or cylindrical optical power.
  • the vector contributions of the curve (or approximated curve) and the chirp of diffractive features 186, 188 are combined, two-dimensional optical power is introduced, that if properly balanced would create spherical optical power.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO includes a first set of diffractive features 190 and a second set of diffractive features 192.
  • the first set of diffractive features 190 are curved (i.e., curvilinear) or approximate a curve with linear segments to introduce optical power as described above.
  • the second set of diffractive features 192 are linear diffractive features.
  • This out-coupling diffractive optic ODO combines spherical correction functionality with eyebox E expansion functionality.
  • an example embodiment of the image light guide system 100 includes a first image light guide 102A and a second image light guide 102B in a waveguide stack.
  • the first image light guide 102A is configured to in-couple, propagate, and out-couple a first wavelength range 128R of image-bearing light (e.g., red light in the wavelength range between 620 nm and 750 nm)
  • the second image light guide 102B is configured to in-couple, propagate, and out-couple at least a second wavelength range 128G of image-bearing light (e.g., green light in the wavelength range between 495 nm and 570 nm).
  • a first wavelength range 128R of image-bearing light e.g., red light in the wavelength range between 620 nm and 750 nm
  • a second wavelength range 128G of image-bearing light e.g., green light in the wavelength range between 495 nm and 570 nm
  • the second image light guide 102B is also configured to in-couple, propagate, and out-couple a third wavelength range 128B of image-bearing light (e.g., blue light in the wavelength range between 450 nm and 495 nm).
  • the first out-coupling diffractive optic ODO A and the second out-coupling diffractive optic ODOB are each configured to provide spherical and/or cylindrical correction to the respective image-bearing light 128A out-coupled toward the eyebox E according to one or more of the mechanisms described above.
  • IPD interpupillary distance
  • the optical center of the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB are aligned to a user’s IPD, the light rays exiting the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB are parallel to the light rays entering the in-coupling optics IDOA, IDOB for light of any given wavelength because the sum of the grating vectors equals zero (i.e., the achromatic imaging condition is satisfied).
  • the optical center of the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB (having optical power) is not aligned to a user’s IPD, the sum of the grating vectors of the diffractive features conveying light to the user’s eye does not equal zero (i.e..
  • the achromatic imaging condition is not satisfied).
  • the user’s IPD shifts an optical axis of the user’s eye such that the optical axis is aligned with a subset of diffractive features of the out- coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB that do not satisfy the achromatic imaging condition (i.e., the grating vectors do not sum to zero).
  • IDOB couples light into the image light guide 102A, 102B, there is dispersion of the light rays.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic contributes the same amount of dispersion as the incoupling diffractive optic; however, the dispersion contributed by the out-coupling diffractive optic is inverted (often called dedispersion), so the out-coupled light rays return to their original angle of incidence or a mirror thereof.
  • dedispersion the sum of the grating vectors equals zero, there is no un-cancelled dispersion. In other words, there is no wavelength dependence in the direction of exiting light rays caused by the diffractive optics.
  • the different wavelength ranges of the image-bearing light diffract at different angles when incident on diffractive features of the same pitch For example, the greatest intensify of green light diffracts out of the image light guide system 100 at a different angle than the greatest intensify of blue light diffracts out of the image light guide system 100.
  • light of different wavelength ranges will diffract at different angles (e.g., a first wavelength range will diffract at a different angle than a second wavelength range).
  • a white text letter produced by combining images in the first, second, and third wavelength ranges will appear essentially white to the viewer.
  • FIG. 14 when a viewer's IPD is smaller or larger than an average IPD. and the out-coupling optics ODOA.
  • the difference in the respective out-coupling angles of the out-coupled image-bearing light 128A of the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light results in a greater difference in the focal distances and/or lateral shift of the color components in the image plane of the virtual object VO conveyed by each of the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light and visible chromatic dispersion.
  • a white text letter may appear red on one side and blue on the other side.
  • the difference between the viewer’s IPD and the optical center of the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB is shown in the drawings with reference character AIPD/2.
  • the out-coupled rays experience an angular shift relative to each other.
  • the angular shift of the out-coupled rays is different for each of the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light.
  • the angle of incidence of one or more of the central rays of the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light on the in-coupling optic IDO can be changed.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO is arranged to diffract a central ray corresponding to an angularly encoded beam representing a pixel near the center of the virtual image at predetermined angle; by changing the angle of incidence of the central rays of one or more wavelengths of image-bearing tight, the perceived color separation of the virtual object VO is reduced or eliminated.
  • a color filter 190 may be arranged between the first image light guide 102A and the second in-coupling optic IDOB to prevent the first wavelength of imagebearing tight from in-coupling into the second image light guide 102B.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a corrective optical element 202 (e g., a spherical and/or cylindrical lens) arranged between the first and second image light guides 102 A, 102B and the eyebox E.
  • the corrective optical element 202 is operable to exacerbate chromatic dispersion of the image-bearing light 128A.
  • the corrective optical element 202 may be arranged to align with the user’s IPD and configured to reduce the relative angular shift of the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing tight.
  • the image source system 108 is a self-emitting microLED or microOLED display projector that includes a self-emitting microLED display panel 560.
  • the self-emitting microLED display panel 560 includes a substrate 562, an electrode layer 564 a microLED/OLED array 566, and a front layer 568.
  • Each microLED 566R, 566G, 566B is an individually addressable component, or subpixel, of the self-emitting microLED display panel 560.
  • Each microLED 566R. 566G, 566B corresponds to at least a portion of one or more pixels in a projected image.
  • the microLED array 566 is configured to emit light as a function of power applied to each self-emitting light source.
  • the microLED array 566 can roughly approximate the size and shape of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDOA, IDOB of the image light guide system 100.
  • the image source system 108 includes more usable microLEDs 566 arranged on substrate 562 than are typically used to create the virtual object VO.
  • the image source system 108 may have an array of 664 x 500 microLEDs 566.
  • 640 x 480 resolution is merely one example display resolution and that other display resolutions, e.g.. 1024 x 768 or 1920 x 1080, are possible. Therefore, during the generation of any given virtual object VO there is a subset 570 of microLEDs 566 used to create the virtual object VO, and a subset 572 of microLEDs 566 that are not used to create the virtual object VO.
  • the comparatively greater number of microLEDs 566 in the microLED array 560 than pixels utilized to generate the virtual object VO provides a margin of unused microLEDs 566 in the subset 572.
  • a margin of twelve unused microLEDs 566 to the left and right of the subset 570 and a margin of ten unused microLEDs 566 above and below the subset 570 there is a margin of twelve unused microLEDs 566 to the left and right of the subset 570 and a margin of ten unused microLEDs 566 above and below the subset 570.
  • the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to emit one or more of the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light can be moved within the microLED array 560 and at least partially into the margin area of initially unused microLEDs 566 to alter the angular relationship of the imagebearing light conveyed through the image light guide system 100 and change the alignment of the virtual object VO conveyed to the eyebox E and viewed by the user.
  • the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the first wavelength range of image-bearing light may be shifted to the right (e.g., in the (+) x-direction) on the microLED array 560.
  • the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 may be moved in the x-axis direction by three microLEDs 566 to calibrate alignment of the virtual object VO.
  • FIG. 19B illustrates that the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the first wavelength range of image-bearing light.
  • the angle of incidence of the first wavelength of image-bearing light (e.g., red light) on the first in-coupling diffractive optic IDOA is changed by shifting the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the first wavelength range of image-bearing light.
  • the first wavelength of image-bearing light (e.g., red light) outcouples from the out-coupling diffractive optic ODOA substantially parallel with the third wavelength of image-bearing light (e.g., green light), thereby reducing or eliminating chromatic dispersion between the first and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light.
  • a central axis of the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the first wavelength range of image-bearing light is offset in the ( ⁇ ) x-axis direction from a central axis of the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 originally utilized to generate the first wavelength range of image-bearing tight.
  • the active subset 570A of microLEDs 566 can include microLEDs capable of generating image-bearing light of each wavelength range; for example, the microLEDs 566R, 566G, 566B illustrated in FIGS. 18B and 19C. As illustrated in FIGS. 19A and 19B, shifting the active subset 570A of microLEDs 566 to the active subset 570B of microLEDs 566 can be performed for each wavelength range of image-bearing light independently, together, or in some combination. For example, the active subset 570A of microLEDs 566 includes emitting microLEDs 566G, 566B, and the active subset 570B of microLEDs 566 includes emitting microLEDs 566R.
  • the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the second or third wavelength range of image-bearing light may be shifted to the left (e.g., in the (-)x-direction) on the microLED array 560.
  • the left e.g., in the (-)x-direction
  • the angle of incidence of the second wavelength of image-bearing light (e.g., blue light) on the second in-coupling diffractive optic 1DOB is changed by shifting the subset 570 of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the second wavelength range of image-bearing tight.
  • the second wavelength of image-bearing light (e.g., blue light) outcouples from the out-coupling diffractive optic ODOB substantially parallel with the first and third wavelengths of image-bearing light (e.g., red and green light), thereby reducing or eliminating chromatic dispersion between the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of imagebearing light.
  • a central axis of the subset 570B of microLEDs 566 utilized to generate the second wavelength range of image-bearing light is offset in the ( ⁇ ) x-axis direction from a central axis of the subset 570A of microLEDs 566 originally utilized to generate the second wavelength range of image-bearing light.
  • shifting the microLEDs 566 energized by the image source system 108 to alter the angular relationship of the virtual objects VO conveyed through the image light guide system 100 can be utilized to reduce or eliminate chromatic dispersion.
  • the number of horizontal and vertical pixels shown in FIGS. 19A-19B are not to be construed to be limiting in any way and that, as described above, other pixel configurations are possible.
  • altering the angular relationships of the image-bearing light of each wavelength range can be accomplished with image source systems 108 utilizing LCOS or DLP technologies.
  • the angular relationships of the image-bearing light of each wavelength range can be altered by directly changing the angle of the mirrors relative to either a principal ray path or a normal to the in-coupling diffractive optics IDO A, IDOB.
  • the image source system 108 is a self-emitting microLED or OLED display projector that includes multiple discrete self-emitting color panels.
  • the image source system 108 is a laser light source (e.g., in a scanned laser system).
  • the shifting of the microLEDs 566 energized by the image source system 108 happens at the hard ware/firm ware level rather than purely at the software level.
  • the image source system 108 comprises an onboard chip 52 that receives command signals from a processor of the image light guide system 100 when the user re-aligns the virtual object VO through a graphical user interface (GUI) provided.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the alignment step may be performed any number of times utilizing the GUI to allow for multiple users of the image light guide system 100 and/or deformation of the image light guide system 100.
  • the on-board chip 52 utilized by the respective image source systems 50 can include a discrete processor and non- transitory, computer-readable, and non-volatile memory configured to execute and store respectively a set of instructions related to the configuration of used and unused microLEDs 566 within the arrays 560.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a processor and non-transitory computer-readable memory configured to execute and store a set of computer- readable instructions that when executed by the processor are configured to operate the image light guide system 100.
  • the processor also includes a software suite configured to enable a user to recalibrate alignment of the virtual object VO at the hardware/firmware level.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a cover window 122.
  • a spherical correction element 200 the image light guides 102A, 102B having at least an in-coupling optic IDO A, IDOB and an out-coupling optic ODO A, ODOB, and the cylindrical correction element 202.
  • the cover window 122 is arranged between the image light guide 102 and the real -world object RWO and contributes no. or substantially no, optical power to the real-world image-bearing light 130A.
  • the spherical correction element 200 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a spherical correction to incident light.
  • Real -world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate through the image light guide 102 to the cylindrical correction element 202 where real-world image-bearing light BOB forms real- world image-bearing light 130C.
  • the cylindrical correction element 202 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a cylindrical correction to incident light.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and forms images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB are configured to out-couple the virtual image-bearing light 128A toward the eyebox E with a spherical and/or cylindrical correction (i.e., the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB contribute optical power as described above).
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128 A is out-coupled from image light guides 102 A, 102B and encounters the cylindrical correction element 202 where virtual image-bearing light 128 A forms cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction and a spherical correction.
  • the range of diopters and IPD alignments of the first corrective optical elements 200 may be limited, and the second corrective optical elements 202 may be customized to correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations and/or prism error caused by a difference in IPD of the w earer compared to the IPD of the first corrective optical element 200.
  • the optical power contribution of the first corrective optical element 200 may be limited to one of: +2, 0, and -2 diopters and two standardized IPD alignments.
  • the optical power contribution of the first corrective optical element 200 may be limited to +3, +2. 0, -2, and -3 diopters and three standardized IPD alignments. In other words, only a relatively small number of diopter powers and IPD alignments need to be provided by the first corrective optical elements 200.
  • the optical power contribution of the image light guides 102A, 102B may be limited to a range of diopters substantially equal to the optical power contribution of the first corrective optical elements 200. In other words, only a relatively small number of diopter powers may be provided by the image light guides 102A, 102B (i.e., a limited number of unique image light guides 102A, 102B are required).
  • the center of correction of the first corrective optical element 200 and the output aperture center of the out-coupling optics ODO A, ODOB are aligned at an alignment point.
  • the center of correction refers to the optical center of an optical element (e g., a lens).
  • the optical center of an optical element refers to the axis of rotational symmetry (e.g., a point on the principal axis of a lens through which light passes without deviation).
  • the axis of correction refers to the reference axis about which a cylindrical optical power is determined or defined.
  • the optical center of the first corrective optical element 200 is configured to align with the alignment point.
  • a particular user’s IPD may not match the nominal IPD aligned to the center of the output aperture, resulting in a perceived shift of the real- world image.
  • Alignment of the center of correction of the stacked arrangement of the image light guide system 100 with the user's IPD is necessary to prevent or limit two-dimensional shifts of real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 (e.g.. causing double images and/or eye strain) in a binocular image light guide system.
  • This perceived shift of the real- world image-bearing light 130 is referred to as prism error and may be calculated by the following equation, where the IPD misalignment/error is referred to as decentration (measured in millimeters):
  • the second corrective optical element 202 can be customized to correct for and/or offset this prism error and can be added to the stacked arrangement between the image light guides 102A, 102B and the user.
  • the second corrective optical element 202 can be customized to contribute the necessary diopters of power to offset the prism error induced by IPD misalignment of the first corrective optical element 200, thereby reducing or eliminating any prism error in the user’s perceived position of a real-world object.
  • the offset of the axis of correction of the second corrective optical element 202 is arranged in the x-y plane, and correction results from the position of the axis of correction of the second corrective optical element 202 in the x-y plane relative to the axis of correction of the first corrective optical element 200.
  • the amount of shift of the axis of correction of the second corrective optical element 202 relative to the user’s IPD is a function of the remaining power requirements of the system.
  • the addressable display of the image source system 108 is configured to shift the first and second wavelengths of light as described with regard to FIG. 15B, such that the first and second wavelength ranges of image-bearing light outcouple from the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB substantially parallel with the third wavelength range of image-bearing light.
  • the image light guide system 100 is configured to utilize only a relatively small number of unique image light guides 102 A, 102B having unique diopter powers and IPD alignments (e.g., average IPD, wide IPDi, wide IPD2, narrow IPDi, narrow IPD2).
  • IPD alignments e.g., average IPD, wide IPDi, wide IPD2, narrow IPDi, narrow IPD2.
  • chromatic dispersion resulting from misalignment of the optical center of the out-coupling optics ODOA, ODOB and a user’s IPD can be corrected by utilizing image light guides 102A, 102B having an optical center (i.e., IPD alignment) which aligns or substantially aligns with a user’s IPD in the image light guide system 100.
  • the image light guide system 100 is configured to utilize only a relatively small number of unique image light guides 102 A, 102B having unique diopter powers and IPD alignments (e.g., average IPD, wide IPD, narrow IPD). Where a user’s IPD is at least somewhat misaligned with the optical center of the unique image light guides 102A, 102B having the closest IPD alignment, chromatic dispersion between the first, second, and third wavelength ranges of image-bearing light 128A, 128B can be further reduced or eliminated by shifting the first and second wavelengths of light, via the addressable display, as described with regard to FIG. 15B. such that the first and second wavelength ranges of image-bearing light outcouple from the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB substantially parallel with the third wavelength range of image-bearing light.
  • IPD alignments e.g., average IPD, wide IPD, narrow IPD.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de guidage de lumière d'image comprenant un système de source d'image utilisable pour émettre une première plage de longueurs d'onde, une deuxième plage de longueurs d'onde et une troisième plage de longueurs d'onde de lumière porteuse d'image ; un premier guide de lumière d'image comprenant une première optique diffractive de couplage d'entrée et une première optique diffractive de couplage de sortie, le premier guide de lumière d'image étant conçu pour transporter la première plage de longueurs d'onde de lumière porteuse d'image vers une boîte à œil ; un second guide de lumière d'image comprenant une seconde optique diffractive de couplage d'entrée et une seconde optique diffractive de couplage de sortie, le second guide de lumière d'image étant conçu pour transporter la seconde plage de longueurs d'onde et la troisième plage de longueurs d'onde de lumière porteuse d'image vers la boîte à œil. Les première et seconde optiques diffractives de découplage sont conçues pour fournir une contribution de puissance optique aux faisceaux lumineux porteurs d'image en amont de la boîte à œil, les première et seconde optiques diffractives de découplage comprenant un centre d'ouverture de sortie, et le centre d'ouverture de sortie étant décalé par rapport à une position de distance interpupillaire.
PCT/US2025/029596 2024-05-15 2025-05-15 Correction de couleur pour optiques diffractives puissantes Pending WO2025240762A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200170504A1 (en) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 North Inc. Infrared illuminator and related eye tracking apparatus and method
US20220099975A1 (en) * 2019-01-09 2022-03-31 Vuzix Corporation Color correction for virtual images of near-eye displays
WO2023207725A1 (fr) * 2022-04-26 2023-11-02 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de réglage de distance inter-pupillaire, dispositif d'affichage monté sur la tête et support de stockage lisible

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200170504A1 (en) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 North Inc. Infrared illuminator and related eye tracking apparatus and method
US20220099975A1 (en) * 2019-01-09 2022-03-31 Vuzix Corporation Color correction for virtual images of near-eye displays
WO2023207725A1 (fr) * 2022-04-26 2023-11-02 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de réglage de distance inter-pupillaire, dispositif d'affichage monté sur la tête et support de stockage lisible

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