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WO2024168201A1 - Système de guidage de lumière d'image à foyer fixe - Google Patents

Système de guidage de lumière d'image à foyer fixe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024168201A1
WO2024168201A1 PCT/US2024/015075 US2024015075W WO2024168201A1 WO 2024168201 A1 WO2024168201 A1 WO 2024168201A1 US 2024015075 W US2024015075 W US 2024015075W WO 2024168201 A1 WO2024168201 A1 WO 2024168201A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
light guide
real
image light
world
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2024/015075
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert J. Schultz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vuzix Corp
Original Assignee
Vuzix Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vuzix Corp filed Critical Vuzix Corp
Priority to CN202480010878.5A priority Critical patent/CN120693561A/zh
Priority to EP24754105.5A priority patent/EP4630875A1/fr
Publication of WO2024168201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024168201A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G02B27/4211—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant correcting chromatic aberrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G02B27/4216—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant correcting geometrical aberrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to augmented reality systems, and more particularly to optical image light guide systems with diffractive optics operable to convey imagebearing light to a viewer.
  • Head-mounted displays increasingly take the form of conventional eyeglasses with less obtrusive optics for conveying virtual image content with less obstructed views of the ambient environment.
  • Image generators can be supported along eyeglass temples, and substantially transparent image light guides convey the generated images to the wearer's eye(s) as virtual images that are projected into the wearer's real-world view visible through the image light guides.
  • the virtual image content can be conveyed along the image light guides as a set of angularly related beams, where the relative angular orientation of each beam in two angular dimensions corresponds to a different position (e.g., pixel) within the generated image.
  • the beams themselves are collimated as if corresponding to a distant point source located at a unique angular position within the field of view.
  • the wearer's eye views the generated images from the eyebox as virtual images located at a distance approaching infinity.
  • real-world objects of interest to the wearer may be located much closer and require some noticeable eye accommodation to bring into focus. Viewing virtual objects and real-world objects requiring different focusing accommodations within the same scene can cause eye strain.
  • the present disclosure is directed to one or more exemplary' embodiments of an image light guide system that manages focusing discrepancies between real -world and virtual objects presented to the viewer and manages vision problems affecting the focusing capabilities of the particular viewer as well as reducing demands on the viewer’s eyes for viewing virtual objects together with real-world objects within the same field of view.
  • the present disclosure provides for an image light guide system for viewing a virtual object and a real-world object within a common field of view, including an image light guide having an inner surface and an outer surface, the image light guide arranged to direct image-bearing light beams of the virtual object toward an eyebox at a first focusing distance; a first corrective optical element arranged between the image light guide and the real-world object, the first corrective optical element having a spherical optical power contribution operable to converge or diverge real-world image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox to a second focusing distance less than the first focusing distance; an out-coupling optic arranged along the image light guide, the out-coupling optic having a spherical optical power contribution operable to converge or diverge virtual image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox to a second focusing distance less than the first focusing distance; and a second corrective optical element arranged between the image light guide and
  • the present disclosure provides for an image light guide system for viewing a virtual object and a real-world object within a common field of view, including an image light guide having an inner surface and an outer surface, the image light guide arranged to direct image-bearing light beams of the virtual object toward an eyebox at a first focusing distance; a first corrective optical element arranged between the image light guide and the real-world object, the first corrective optical element having a spherical optical power contribution operable to converge or diverge real-world image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox to a second focusing distance less than the first focusing distance; and an out-coupling optic arranged along the image light guide, the out-coupling optic having a compound optical power contribution operable to converge or diverge virtual image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox to a second focusing distance less than the first focusing distance and a cylindrical optical contribution operable to reduce optical aberrations associated with viewing the real-world object and
  • the present disclosure provides for an image light guide system for viewing a virtual object and a real-world object within a common field of view, including an image light guide having an inner surface and an outer surface, the image light guide arranged to direct image-bearing light beams of the virtual object toward an eyebox at a first focusing distance; an out-coupling optic arranged along the image light guide; a digital spherical correction element arranged between the image light guide and the eyebox, the digital spherical correction element having a spherical optical power contribution operable to converge or diverge real-world image-bearing light beams and virtual image-bearing light beams in advance of the eyebox to a second focusing distance less than the first focusing distance; and a cylindrical correction element arranged between the digital spherical correction element and the eyebox, the cylindrical correction optical element having a cylindrical optical contribution operable to reduce optical aberrations associated with viewing the real-world object and the virtual object at the second focusing distance
  • the present disclosure provides for a binocular image light guide system for viewing a virtual object and a real-world object within a common field of view, including an image light guide having an inner surface and an outer surface, the image light guide arranged to in-couple collimated image-bearing light beams of the virtual object; and a first out-coupling optic and a second out-coupling optic arranged along the image light guide, the first and second out-coupling optics each comprising diffractive features having a pitch configured to position a vergence point of the virtual object closer than a focal plane at infinity.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of an image light guide w ith an exaggerated thickness for showing the propagation of light from an image source along the image light guide to an eyebox within which the virtual image can be viewed.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an image light guide including an in-coupling diffractive optic, a turning diffractive optic, and out-coupling diffractive optic for managing the propagation of image-bearing light beams.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan schematic view of a portion of an image light guide system according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified top plan schematic view of a portion of an image light system showing a common field of view according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified top plan schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a negative-power optical element according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified top plan schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a negative-power optical element and a positive-power optical element according to an exemplary' embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified top plan schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a negative-power optical element, a positive-power optical element, and a corrective optical element according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 8A is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a negative-power optical element, a positive-power optical element, and a multi-focal corrective optical element according to an exemplary 7 embodiment of the presently disclosed subj ect matter.
  • FIG. 8B is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a negative-power optical element, a positive-power optical element, and a multi-focal corrective optical element according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subj ect matter.
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a negative-power optical element, a positive-power optical element, and a multi-focal corrective optical element according to an exemplary 7 embodiment of the presently disclosed subj ect matter.
  • FIG. 10 is a simplified top plan schematic view 7 of a portion of an image light system with a multi-function optical element according to an exemplary 7 embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 11 is a simplified top plan schematic view of a portion of an image light system with a multi -function optical element and a lens carrier according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently 7 disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 12 is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system w 7 ith first and second metamaterials according to an exemplary 7 embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 13A is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing spherical correction to virtual image-bearing light via an out-coupling diffractive optic according to an exemplar ⁇ ' embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 13B is a simplified perspective view of a portion of the image light system according to FIG. 13 A.
  • FIG. 13C is a simplified top plan view of a portion of the image light system according to FIG. 13 A.
  • FIG. 13D is a simplified side elevational view of a portion of the image light system according to FIG. 13 A.
  • FIG. 13E is another simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing spherical correction to virtual image-bearing light via an out-coupling diffractive optic according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of a diffractive optic featuring a progressive variation in pitch along a first dimension of the diffractive optic for generating a virtual focus for one dimension of an image.
  • FIG. 14B is a top plan view of an image light guide system with image light guides oriented at a chevron angle according to an exemplary 7 embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 14C is a top plan view of an image light guide sy stem with image light guides oriented at a chevron angle and configured to change the vergence point of the virtual object conveyed by the output image-bearing light beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently- disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 14D is a top plan view of an image light guide system configured to change the vergence point of the virtual obj ect conveyed by the output image-bearing light beams according to an exemplary- embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 14E is atop plan view of an image light guide system with image light guides oriented at a chevron angle and configured to change the vergence point and focal plane of the virtual object conveyed by the output image-bearing light beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 14F is a top plan view of an image light guide system configured to change the vergence point and focal plane of the virtual object conveyed by' the output image-bearing light beams according to an exemplary' embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 14G is a top plan view of an image light guide system with an image light guide oriented at a chevron angle with optical wedges configured to change the vergence point of the virtual object conveyed by the output image-bearing light beams according to an exemplar ⁇ ' embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a portion of a diffractive optic featuring a stepwise variation in an orientation angle of diffractive features along a second dimension of the diffractive optic.
  • FIG. 16 is a front view of a portion of an out-coupling diffractive optic featuring an array of outlined zones, each with parallel diffractive features of equal pitch, but with the respective zones varying in pitch along one dimension of the array and varying in orientation angle along another dimension of the array.
  • FIG. 17 is a front view of a portion of an out-coupling diffractive optic featuring an array of zones, each zone having a common pitch between each diffractive feature of the first and second sets of output diffractive features, the common pitch varying between zones in at least a first dimension according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 18 is a front view of a portion of an out-coupling diffractive optic featuring a plurality of patterns of diffractive features according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 19A is a simplified side elevational schematic view' of a portion of an image light system providing spherical and cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 19B is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual imagebearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 19C is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing spherical and cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light and cylindrical correction to virtual image-bearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 20A is a simplified side elevational schematic view' of a portion of an image light system providing digital spherical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual imagebearing light and cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual imagebearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 20B is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing digital spherical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual imagebearing light and digital cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual imagebearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 20C is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing digital spherical correction to real-world image-bearing light and cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual image-bearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 20D is a simplified side elevational schematic view of a portion of an image light system providing digital spherical correction to real-world image-bearing light and digital cylindrical correction to real-world image-bearing light and virtual image-bearing light according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an image light guide system taking the form of a headmounted display according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter.
  • viewer refers to the person, or machine, that wears and/or views images using a device having an imaging light guide.
  • set refers to a non-empty set, as the concept of a collection of elements or members of a set is widely understood in elementary mathematics.
  • subset refers to a non-empty proper subset, that is, to a subset of the larger set, having one or more members.
  • a subset may comprise the complete set S.
  • a “proper subset” of set S is strictly contained in set S and excludes at least one member of set S.
  • Coupled in the context of optics refer to a connection by which light travels from one optical medium or device to another optical medium or device.
  • wavelength band and “wavelength range” are equivalent and have their standard connotation as used by those skilled in the art of color imaging and refer to a continuous range of light wavelengths that are used to represent polychromatic images.
  • beam expansion is intended to mean replication of a beam via multiple encounters with an optical element to provide exit pupil expansion in one or more dimensions.
  • expand is intended to mean replication of a beam via multiple encounters with an optical element to provide exit pupil expansion in one or more dimensions.
  • An optical system such as a HMD. can produce a virtual image.
  • a virtual image is not formed on a display surface. That is, if a display surface were positioned at the perceived location of a virtual image, no image would be formed on that surface.
  • Virtual images have a number of inherent advantages for augmented reality presentation. For example, the apparent size of a virtual image is not limited by the size or location of a display surface. Additionally, the source object for a virtual image may be small; for example, a magnifying glass provides a virtual image of an object. In comparison with systems that project a real image, a more realistic viewing experience can be provided by forming a virtual image that appears to be some distance away.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified cross-sectional view of one conventional configuration of an image light guide system 10.
  • Image light guide system 10 includes a planar image light guide 12, an in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, and an out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the image light guide 12 includes a transparent substrate S. which can be made of optical glass or plastic, with plane-parallel front and back surfaces 14 and 16.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO is shown as a transmissive-type diffraction grating arranged on, in, or otherwise engaged with the front surface 14 of the image light guide 12.
  • in-coupling diffractive optic IDO could alternately be a reflective-t pe diffraction grating or other type of diffractive optic, such as a volume hologram or other holographic diffraction element, that diffracts incoming image-bearing light beams WI into the image light guide 12.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO can be located on, in, or otherwise engaged with front surface 14 or back surface 16 of the image light guide 12 and can be of a transmissive or reflective-type in a combination that depends upon the direction from which the image-bearing light beams WI approach the image light guide 12.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO of the conventional image light guide system 10 couples the image-bearing light beams WI from a real, virtual or hybrid image source 18 into the substrate S of the image light guide 12.
  • Any real image or image dimension formed by the image source 18 is first converted into an array of overlapping, angularly related, collimated beams encoding the different positions within a virtual image for presentation to the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO.
  • the rays within each bundle forming one of the angularly related beams extend in parallel, but the angularly related beams are relatively inclined to each other through angles that can be defined in two angular dimensions corresponding to linear dimensions of the image.
  • the angularly related beams engage with the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, at least a portion of the image-bearing light beams WI is diffracted (generally through a first diffraction order) and thereby redirected by in-coupling diffractive optic IDO into the planar image light guide 12 as angularly encoded image-bearing light beams WG for further propagation along a length dimension x of the image light guide 12 by total internal reflection (TIR) between the plane-parallel front and back surfaces 14 and 16.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • the imagebearing light beams WG preserve the image information in an angularly encoded form that is derivable from the parameters of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO receives the encoded image-bearing light beams WG and diffracts (also generally through a first diffraction order) at least a portion of the image-bearing light beams WG out of the image light guide 12, as image-bearing light beams WO. toward a nearby region of space referred to as an eyebox E, within which the transmitted virtual image can be seen by a viewer’s eye or other optical component.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can be designed symmetrically with respect to the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO to restore the original angular relationships of the image-bearing light beams WI among outputted angularly related beams of the image-bearing light beams WO.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can modify the original field points’ positional angular relationships producing an output virtual image at a finite focusing distance.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO is arranged together with a limited thickness T of the image light guide 12 to encounter the image-bearing light beams WG multiple times and to diffract only a portion of the image-bearing light beams WG upon each encounter.
  • the multiple encounters along the length (e.g., a first direction) of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO have the effect of replicating the image-bearing light beams WG and enlarging or expanding at least one dimension of the eyebox E where the replicated beams overlap.
  • the expanded eyebox E decreases sensitivity to the position of a viewer’s eye for viewing the virtual image.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO is shown as a transmissive-type diffraction grating arranged on or secured to the front surface 14 of the image light guide 12.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can be located on, in, or otherwise engaged with the front or back surface 14 or 16 of the image light guide 12 and can be of a transmissive or reflective-type in a combination that depends upon the direction through which the image-bearing light beams WG is intended to exit the image light guide 12.
  • out-coupling diffractive optic ODO could be formed as another type of diffractive optic, such as a volume hologram or other holographic diffraction element, that diffracts propagating imagebearing light beams WG from the image light guide 12 as the image-bearing light beams WO propagating toward the eyebox E.
  • diffractive optic such as a volume hologram or other holographic diffraction element
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a conventional image light guide system 10 arranged for expanding the eyebox E in two dimensions, i.e., along both x- and y-axes of the intended image.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO is oriented to diffract at least a portion of image-bearing light beams WG along a grating vector kl along the image light guide 12 toward an intermediate turning optic TO with diffractive features and grating vector k2 oriented to diffract at least a portion of the image-bearing light beams WG in a reflective mode along the image light guide 12 toward the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO redirects the image-bearing light beams WG toward the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO (having a grating vector k3) for longitudinally replicating the angularly related beams of the image-bearing tight beams WG in a second direction before exiting the image light guide 12 as the image-bearing tight beams WO.
  • Grating vectors such as the depicted grating vectors kl, k2, and k3, extend within a parallel plane of the image light guide 12 in respective directions that are parallel to the direction of periodicity of the diffractive features (e.g.. normal to grooves, lines, or rulings) of the diffractive optics and have respective magnitudes inverse to the period or pitch d (i.e., the on-center distance between the diffractive features) of the diffractive optics IDO, TO, and ODO. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that light can also be directed into diffracted orders corresponding to grating vectors -kl, -k2, and -k3.
  • in-coupling diffractive optic IDO receives the incoming imagebearing light beams WI containing a set of angularly related beams corresponding to individual pixels or equivalent locations within an image generated by the image source 18, such as a projector.
  • a full range of angularly encoded beams for producing a virtual image can be generated by a real display together with collimating optics or other optical components, by a beam scanner for more directly setting the angles of the beams, or by a combination such as a one-dimensional real display used with a scanner.
  • the image tight guide 12 outputs a replicated set of angularly related beams (replicated in two dimensions) by providing multiple encounters of the image-bearing tight beams WG with both the intermediate turning optic TO and the out- coupling diffractive optic ODO in different orientations.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO provides eyebox expansion in a first dimension, e.g., the y-axis direction
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO provides a similar eyebox expansion in a second dimensions, e.g., the x-axis direction.
  • the relative orientations and respective periods d of the diffractive features of the in-coupling optic IDO, intermediate turning optic TO, and out-coupling diffractive optic ODO provide for eyebox expansion in two dimensions while preserving the intended relationships among the angularly related beams of the image-bearing tight beams WI that are output from the image tight guide system 10 as the imagebearing light beams WO.
  • the periods d of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, the intermediate turning optic TO, and the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO. can each include diffractive features having a common (i.e.. constant) pitch d, where the common pitch d of each diffractive optic IDO, TO, ODO can be different.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO located in an intermediate position between the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO, can be arranged so that it does not induce significant changes to the encoding of the image-bearing light beams WG.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO can be arranged in a symmetric fashion with respect to the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, e.g., including diffractive features sharing the same period d.
  • the period of the intermediate turning optic TO can also match the common period of the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO.
  • the grating vector k2 of the intermediate turning optic TO is shown oriented at 45 degrees with respect to the other grating vectors, which remains a possible orientation, the grating vector k2 of the intermediate turning optic TO can be oriented at 60 degrees to the grating vectors kl and k3 of the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO in such a w ay that the image-bearing light beams WG are turned 120 degrees.
  • the grating vectors kl and k3 of the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO are also oriented at 60 degrees with respect to each other.
  • the three grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 (as directed line segments) form an equilateral triangle and sum to a zero vector magnitude, which avoids asymmetric effects that could introduce unwanted aberrations including chromatic dispersion.
  • Such asymmetnc effects can also be avoided by grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 that have unequal magnitudes in relative orientations at which the three grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 sum to a zero vector magnitude.
  • the image-bearing light beams WI that are directed into the image light guide 12 are effectively encoded by the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO, whether the in-coupling optic IDO uses gratings, holograms, prisms, mirrors, or some other mechanism. Any reflection, refraction, and/or diffraction of light that takes place at the input should be correspondingly decoded by the output to re-form the virtual image that is presented to the viewer.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO and the in-coupling and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO and ODO can be related so that the image-bearing light beams WO that are output from the image light guide 12 preserve or otherwise maintain the original or desired form of the image-bearing light beams WI for producing the intended virtual image.
  • the letter “R“ represents the orientation of the virtual image that is visible to the viewer whose eye is positioned within the eyebox E.
  • the orientation of the letter “R” in the represented virtual image matches the orientation of the letter “R” as encoded by the image-bearing light beams WI.
  • a change in the rotation about the z axis or angular orientation of incoming image-bearing light beams WI with respect to the x-y plane causes a corresponding symmetric change in rotation or angular orientation of outgoing light from out- coupling diffractive optic (ODO).
  • OEO diffractive optic
  • the intermediate turning optic TO simply acts as a type of optical relay, providing one dimension of eyebox expansion through replication of the angularly encoded beams of the image-bearing light beams WG along one axis (e.g., along the y-axis) of the image.
  • Out-coupling diffractive optic ODO further provides a second dimension of eyebox expansion through replication of the angularly encoded beams along another axis (e.g., along the x-axis) while maintaining the original orientation of the virtual image encoded by the image-bearing light beams WI.
  • the intermediate turning optic TO is typically a slanted or square grating or, alternately, can be a blazed grating and is typically arranged on one of the plane-parallel front and back surfaces of the image light guide 12. It should be appreciated that the representation of the virtual image “R” as created by an image source is comprised of infinitely focused light that requires a lens (e.g., the lens in the human eye) to focus the image so that the orientations discussed above can be detected.
  • a lens e.g., the lens in the human eye
  • the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO, TO, and ODO preferably preserve the angular relationships among beams of different wavelengths defining a virtual image upon conveyance by image light guide 12 from an offset position to a near-eye position of the viewer. While doing so, the in-coupling, turning, and out-coupling diffractive optics IDO, TO, and ODO can be relatively positioned and oriented in different ways to control the overall shape of the image light guide 12 as well as the overall orientations at which the angularly related beams can be directed into and out of the image light guide 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows atop plan, schematic view of a portion of an exemplary head-mounted image light guide system 100 according to the present disclosure.
  • image light guide system 100 can take the form of a head-mounted display (shown in FIG. 19) or other head- mounted optical system.
  • the example image light guide system 100 includes an image light guide 102 in the form of a planar waveguide.
  • image light guide 102 can include the same structure, functionality 7 , material, and/or features described above with respect to image light guide 12, e.g., image light guide 102 can include an in-coupling diffractive optic, an intermediate turning optic, and an out-coupling diffractive optic.
  • image light guide 102 can be a non- planar waveguide, e.g., a curved waveguide.
  • the image light guide 102 includes a transparent substrate, which can be made of, without limitation, optical glass, quartz, or plastic, with plane-parallel front and back surfaces 104 and 106, respectively.
  • image light guide system 100 and image light guide 102 are configured to receive angularly related image-bearing light beams and couple the angularly related image-bearing light beams into the image light guide 102 by an incoupling diffractive optic (located on the front or back surfaces 104, 106 of the image light guide and configured as transmissive-type or reflective-type diffraction element).
  • the angularly encoded image-bearing light beams are configured to propagate along a length dimension of the image light guide 102 and exit the image light guide 102 by interaction with an out-coupling diffractive optic, such that at least one image is formed within an eyebox E for viewing by a viewer or other optical component.
  • image light guide 102 can also utilize one or more encounters with an intermediate turning optic or the out-coupling optic to expand the size of the eyebox E in one or more dimensions.
  • image light guide system 100 also includes an image source 108.
  • image source 108 is a projector that includes a light source as well as one or more optical components to focus and/or collimate light generated by the light source.
  • image source 108 comprises one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic LEDs (OLEDs), or ultra LEDs (uLEDs).
  • image source 108 is a color field sequential projector system operable to pulse image-bearing light of multiple wavebands, for example light from within red, green, and blue wavelength ranges, onto a digital light modulator/micro-mirror array (a ‘T)LP”) or a liquid crystal on silicon C LCOS”) display.
  • a ‘T)LP digital light modulator/micro-mirror array
  • LCD liquid crystal on silicon C LCOS
  • image source 108 includes one or more pico-projectors, where each pico-projector is configured to produce a single primary color band (e.g., red, green, or blue).
  • image source 108 includes a single pico-projector arranged to produce at least three primary 7 color bands (e.g., red, green, and blue).
  • the three primary color bands include a green band having a wavelength in the range between 495 nm and 570 nm, a red band having a wavelength in the range between 620 nm and 750 nm, and a blue band having a wavelength in the range between 450 nm and 495 nm.
  • the substantially collimated light generated by the pico-projector, once coupled and transmitted through image light guide 102, can be used by image light guide system 100 to form one or more virtual images viewable by a user's eye or other optical components positioned within eyebox E.
  • image light guide system 100 also includes a frame 110 which includes a right eye-rim section 112 having a right temple 114 and a nose-bridge portion 1 16. Between temple 1 14 and nose-bridge portion 1 1 , frame 1 10 includes a right aperture 118 configured to receive image light guide 102 such that during operation of the image light guide system 100, the image light guide 102 is configured to form at least one image related to one or more virtual objects within a viewer’s right eye 120. Although only the right eye-rim section 112 and right eye 120 are illustrated in FIG.
  • frame 110 can be symmetrical, i.e., can include a right eye-rim section 1 12 and left eye-rim section (not shown) where each of the right eye-rim section 112 and the left eye-rim section both include a respective temple and respective image light guides 102 configured to form respective virtual images related to one or more virtual objects within the viewer’s right and left eyes.
  • image light guide system 100 and frame 110 can be configured as a binocular display system forming images in both the right and left eye of the viewer.
  • frame 110 is made of a metal, plastic, or wood material (or any combination thereof), and is intended to be opaque, i.e., not transmissive to visible light.
  • image light guide 102 is removably secured between the temple 114 and nose-bridge portion 116, i.e., image light guide 102 can be removed and/or replaced without the aid of additional tools.
  • image light guide system 100 can include multiple, stacked, image light guides 102.
  • one image light guide 102 of the stack is configured to in-couple and propagate light of a first wavelength range (e.g., light in the red portion of the visible spectrum), while another image light guide 102 of the stack is configured to in-couple and propagate a second wavelength range (e.g., light in the green and/or blue portions of the visible spectrum).
  • a first wavelength range e.g., light in the red portion of the visible spectrum
  • a second wavelength range e.g., light in the green and/or blue portions of the visible spectrum
  • image light guide system 100 can further include a cover window or other protective outer cover 122.
  • an anti-reflective coating can be provided on the front and/or back surface of the protective outer cover 122.
  • protective outer cover 122 can provide filtering or other optical functions that affect the viewer’s view of the real-world objects RWO without affecting the viewer’s view of the virtual objects VO.
  • image light guide system 100 can include an optical coupler 124.
  • Optical coupler 124 can take the form of an in-coupling diffractive optic, such as a plurality or set of surface relief gratings or a volume hologram.
  • optical coupler 124 can take the form of a prism configured to receive image-bearing light from projector 106 and redirect and/or in-couple the image-bearing light into image light guide 102.
  • optical coupler 124 includes an in-coupling diffractive optic as well as a prism.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified schematic top plan view of one example configuration of a right-eye rim section 112 of image light guide system 100 where certain components of frame 110 have been removed for clarity.
  • image light guide system 100 is configured to receive virtual image-bearing light 126 generated by an image source (e.g.. the image source 108 shown in FIG. 3) and form images related to virtual objects VO (shown as a schematic triangle enclosing the letter “V”) in the eyebox E using at least the in-coupling, TIR, and out-coupling mechanisms of image-light guide 102 discussed above.
  • an image source e.g. the image source 108 shown in FIG. 3
  • images related to virtual objects VO shown as a schematic triangle enclosing the letter “V”
  • image light guide 102 is also operable to receive and transmit image-bearing light 128 reflected from real-world objects RWO (shown as a schematic star enclosing the letter “R”) to the eyebox E.
  • RWO real-world objects
  • the viewer’s right eye 120 is configured to form images associated with virtual objects VO and images associated with real -world objects RWO from within a common field of view FOV.
  • the common field of view FOV can encompass a broader or narrower angular field of view than the field shown, e.g., the common field of view FOV could be wide enough to completely encompass the image light guide 102 or could only cover a portion of the image light guide 102. As shown in FIGS.
  • the dotted lines associated with virtual image-bearing light 126 illustrate a virtual projection associated with a virtual image originating from a virtual source position.
  • the dotted lines illustrate virtual image-bearing light traced back to a virtual focal point within the environment such that light used to form virtual objects VO within the eyebox E appear to originate from the virtual position of the virtual object VO within the environment and within the common FOV.
  • virtual image-bearing light 126 is in-coupled into image light guide 102, propagates along the length dimension (vertically in FIG.
  • real- world image-bearing light 130 is transmitted through image light guide 102 and proceeds to eyebox E and is operable to form one or more images within the eyebox E associated with one or more real -world objects RWO from within the environment and from within a common field of view FOV as the virtual objects VO.
  • image source 108 is configured to produce substantially collimated virtual image-bearing light 126.
  • the images associated with virtual objects VO formed within eyebox E will be focused at optical infinity.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified schematic top plan view of one example configuration of a right-eye rim section 112 of image light guide system 100.
  • virtual image-bearing light 126 may be in-coupled into image light guide 102 and can propagate by TIR along a length dimension (vertically in FIGS. 5- 7) of image light guide 102 until it is out-coupled from image light guide 102 as virtual imagebearing light 128A.
  • virtual objects VO and real -world objects RWO are within a common field of view as show and described with respect to FIG. 4 above. As shown in FIG.
  • image light guide system 100 can also include a negative-power optical element 132 which provides a negative optical power contribution 134 to image light guide system 100.
  • the negative-power optical element is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the viewer's right eye 120.
  • the negativepower optical element 132 operates to diverge incident image-bearing light, reducing the apparent focusing distance of the incident image-bearing light.
  • the negative-power optical element 132 operates to decrease the focusing distance for virtual objects originally focused at optical infinity.
  • the negative-powder optical element 132 is configured to diverge virtual image-bearing light 128 A such that the focusing distance of the virtual object VO is reduced from a first focusing distance FD1 (e.g., optical infinity) to a second focusing distance FD2 associated with virtual image-bearing light 128B, where the second focusing distance is less than the first focusing distance (e.g.. less than optical infinity).
  • FD1 e.g., optical infinity
  • FD2 associated with virtual image-bearing light 128B
  • the negative-power optical element 132 can be formed as, without limitation, a piano-concave lens, a biconcave lens, a negative meniscus lens, or any optical element that causes incident light to diverge in predictable ways such that it forms at least one image at a reduced focusing distance from its actual distance to the viewer.
  • the second focusing distance FD2 is between 0.005 m and 6 m. In other examples, the second focusing distance FD2 is selected between 0.005 m and 4 m.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128B is focused by the viewer's eye 120 such that the virtual object VO appears at a second focusing distance FD2 (shown in FIG. 5 by a triangle formed of dotted lines) where the second focusing distance FD2 is shorter than the first focusing distance FD1 with respect to the eyebox E.
  • a negative-power optical element e.g., negative-power optical element 132
  • the negative-power optical element 132 also operates to diverge real-world image-bearing light 130A such that the focusing distance of any real-world objects RWO is also reduced from, for example, a first focusing distance FD1 to a second focusing distance FD2 (shown in FIG. 5 by a star formed of dotted lines). It should be appreciated that real-world objects RWO do not need to be located at a distance greater than 6 meters (20 feet), i.e., an infinity focusing distance, to be affected by the negative optical power contribution of the negative-power optical element.
  • the perceived focusing distance of real-world objects RWO located at a finite focusing distance e.g., between 1 and 5 meters from the viewer, will also be reduced. If the viewer desires to see the virtual obj ects VO at a closer focusing distance while leaving their perception of the distance to any real-world objects RWO unchanged, the negative optical power contribution 134 of the negative-power optical element 132 must be counteracted with respect to the real -w orld image-bearing light BOA.
  • FIG. 6 which illustrates a simplified schematic top plan view of one example configuration of a right-eye rim section 112 of image light guide system 100 having both a negative-pow er optical element 132 and a positive-pow er optical element 136, where the positivepower optical element 136 provides a positive optical power contribution 138 that is configured to counteract, cancel, or negate the negative optical power contribution 134 of negative-power optical element 132 with respect to images formed from light reflected off real -world objects RWO within the environment.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real -world objects RWO, i.e., on the opposing side of image light guide 102 with respect to the negative-power optical element 132.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 operates to converge incident image-bearing light, increasing the apparent focusing distance of any real -world objects RWO.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 By positioning the positive-powder optical element 136 between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO with the environment, the positive-power optical element 136 operates to increase the focusing distance for real-world objects RWO and counteract, cancel, or negate the reduction of focusing distance of images of the real-world objects RWO caused by the negative-power optical element 132, prior to the real -world image-bearing light 130A reaching the image light guide 102 and/or the negativepower optical element 132. It should be appreciated that the positive-power optical element 136 could be formed as at least a portion of the cover window 122 and/or the positive optical contribution 138 could be provided at least in part by cover window 122.
  • the negative optical power contribution 134 and positive optical power contribution 138 are measured in diopters.
  • the diopter value of the negativepower optical element 132 is equal to, and opposite of, the optical power provided by the positivepower optical element 134.
  • the negative optical power contribution 134 can be selected as at least one of -0.5, -0.75, -1, -1.5, -2 diopters etc.
  • the positive optical power contribution 138 of the positive-power optical element 136 is selected to be at least one of +0.5, +0.75, +1, +1.5, +2 diopters, such that the converging effects of the positive-power optical element 136 and the diverging effects of the negative-power optical element 132 perfectly cancel to have no net effect on the real -world position of the real-world objects RWO as perceived by a viewer or other sensor positioned within the eyebox E.
  • the net effect of providing a negative-power optical element 132 between the image light guide 102 and the eyebox E and providing a positive-power optical element 136 between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO within the environment, where the optical contributions of each optical element 132, 136 have the same magnitude and cancel each other, is that the virtual objects VO will appear at a focusing distance less than optical infinity while the focusing distance of real-world objects RWO remains unchanged.
  • virtual image-bearing light 126 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) is out- coupled from image light guide 102 as substantially collimated virtual image-bearing light 128A.
  • virtual image-bearing light 128 A refracts through negative-power optical element 132, the light diverges (shown as virtual image-bearing light 128B).
  • Virtual image-bearing light 128B enters the eyebox E and forms an image of the virtual object VO at a second focusing distance FD2 (shown in FIG. 6 as a triangle formed of dotted lines).
  • real-world image-bearing light BOA real-world image-bearing light BOA.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 can be formed with a positive optical power contribution of +2 diopters.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB is then transmitted through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 having a negative optical power contribution 134 of -2 diopters.
  • real-world image-bearing light BOB refracts through negativepower optical element 132, the light is diverged such that the net effect of the positive optical power contribution 138 of the positive-optical power element 136 and the negative optical power contribution 134 of the negative-optical power element 132 cancel, and real -world image-bearing light 130C is operable to form images of real-world objects RWO at their true positions within the environment.
  • the example described above with respect to +2 and -2 diopter values is merely one example, and that in operation image light guide system 100 can utilize any conceivable diopter setting for both the negative optical power contribution 134 and the positive optical power contribution 138. In some examples, these two diopter values cancel each other and have no net effect on the perceived focusing distance of real-world objects RWO.
  • the positive-power optical element 132 can be formed as, without limitation, a piano-convex lens, a biconvex lens, a positive meniscus lens, or any optical element that causes incident light to converge in predictable ways such that it forms at least one image at an increased focusing distance from its actual distance to the viewer.
  • the image light guide system 100 can also include one or more corrective optical elements 140 that provide a corrective optical contribution 142 to both the virtual image-bearing light 128 and real-world image-bearing light 130.
  • Corrective optical element 140 can be formed as a monofocal, bifocal, or multifocal optical element, such as a refractive lens, diffraction grating, holographic optical element (HOE), or any combination thereof. As such corrective optical element 140 can provide spherical or cylindrical corrections specific to the particular viewer.
  • virtual image-bearing light 126 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) is out- coupled from image light guide 102 as substantially collimated virtual image-bearing light 128A.
  • virtual image-bearing light 128 A refracts through negative-powder optical element 132, the light diverges (shown as virtual image-bearing light 128B).
  • Virtual image-bearing light 128B continues toward the eyebox E until it encounters and refracts through corrective optical element 140.
  • Corrective optical element 140 provides a corrective optical contribution 142 which can be customized for the viewer to offset for the viewer’s particular optical maladies, e.g., myopia (nearsightedness).
  • the corrected virtual image-bearing light 128C then operates to form one or more images of virtual object VO at a corrected distance CD.
  • corrective optical contribution 142 will provide a negative optical power, reducing the apparent distance to the virtual object VO (shown in FIG. 7 as a black triangle). It should also be appreciated that as the negative contribution of the corrective optical contribution 142 and the negative optical power contribution 134 of negativepower optical element 132 are positioned in series, the negative power is compounded, and the virtual object VO will appear at a corrected distance CD that appears closer to the viewer than the second focusing distance FD2.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130A reflected off real-world objects RWO within the environment, propagates to the image light guide system 100 and encounters positivepower optical element 136, which converges real-world image-bearing light 130 A forming real- world image-bearing light BOB.
  • the positive-power optical element 136 can be formed with a positive optical power contribution of +2 diopters.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB is then transmitted through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 having a negative optical power contribution 134 of -2 diopters.
  • real-world imagebearing light BOB refracts through negative-power optical element 132
  • the light is converged such that the net effect of the positive optical power contribution 138 of the positive-optical power element 136 and the negative optical power contribution 134 of the negative-optical power element 132 cancel forming real -world image-bearing light 130C, which represents the true position of the real-world object RWO within the environment.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130C continues to propagate in the direction of the eyebox E and encounters corrective optical element 140.
  • the corrective optical contribution 142 will provide a negative optical power, reducing the apparent distance to the real-world object RWO (shown in FIG. 7 as a black star). It should be appreciated that the negative power of the corrective optical element 140 operates to form images within the eyebox E of real-world objects RWO at a corrected distance CD that appears closer to the view er than the true position of the real-w orld object RWO (e.g., at first focusing distance FD1).
  • the corrective optical element 140 can be a multifocal optical element, e.g., a bifocal optical element (FIG. 8A) or a trifocal optical element (FIG. 8B).
  • image light guide system 100 can include a bifocal corrective optical element 140.
  • bifocal corrective optical element 140 is configured with a plurality of corrective sections 144A-144B.
  • First corrective section 144A and second corrective section 144B are intended to be integral sections of a single corrective optical element. However, it should be appreciated that each corrective section 144 can be a discrete optical element positioned adjacent to each other as depicted in FIG. 8 A.
  • each corrective section 144 provides a corrective optical power that is different than any adjacent corrective section such that different optical powers correctly focus images from objects at different distances, to correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations at each distance.
  • FIG. 8A shows two real-world objects RWO, RWO’ present in the environment.
  • the first real -world object RWO may be positioned farther away from the eyebox E than second real-world object RWO’.
  • first real-world object RWO may be positioned at a distance greater than 6 meters from the eyebox E, while second real -world object RWO’ may be positioned at a closer distance relative to the first real-world object RWO, e.g., at 3 meters from the eyebox E.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130C continues to propagate in the direction of the eyebox E until it encounters first corrective section 144A of the bifocal corrective optic 140. Upon transmission through first corrective section 144A, real-world image-bearing light 130C is formed into real-world image-bearing tight 1300 which is used to form images of real-w orld object RWO that appear closer, for example, than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment, i.e., at a first corrected focusing distance 146.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130A propagates as real-world image-bearing light 130A’ until it reaches positive-power optical element 136 where real-world image-bearing light 130A’ converges to form real-world image-bearing light BOB’.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB’ continues to propagate through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 where it diverges in a manner equal to and opposite of the converging effect of the positive-power optical element 136, forming real-world image-bearing light 130C’.
  • Real- world image-bearing light 130C’ continues to propagate in the direction of the eyebox E until it encounters second corrective section 144B of the bifocal corrective optic 140.
  • second corrective section 144B real-w orld image-bearing light 130C’ is formed into real- world image-bearing light 130D’ which is used to form images of real-world object RWO’ that appear closer, for example, than the true position of the real-world object RWO’ in the environment, i.e., at a second corrected focusing distance 148.
  • first corrective section 144A provides a first corrected optical power
  • second corrective section 144B provides a second corrected optical power where the first corrected optical power is different (e.g., greater) than the second corrected optical power.
  • the corrective power of the bifocal corrective optical element 140 be selected to correct for myopia (near-sightedness)
  • the change in focusing distance between the true position of real-world object RWO and the first focusing distance 146 is greater than the change in focusing distance between the true position of real-world object RWO’ and the second focusing distance 148.
  • each corrective section 144 could also be selected to correct for other refractive maladies, e.g., hyperopia (far-sightedness), in which case the optical power of each corrective section 144 will be selected to have less (if any) effect on objects greater than 6 meters.
  • refractive maladies e.g., hyperopia (far-sightedness)
  • the optical power of each corrective section 144 will be selected to have less (if any) effect on objects greater than 6 meters.
  • FIG. 8B depicts a side elevational view of image light guide system 100 according to the present disclosure, where the corrective optical element 140 is a trifocal optical element.
  • Real- world image-bearing light 130A-130D associated with real-world object RWO
  • real-world image-bearing light 130A’-130D’ associated with real-world object RWO’
  • corrective optical element 140 includes a third corrective section 144C providing a third corrective optical power different than the first and second corrective optical powers associated with the first and second corrective sections 144A,144B.
  • a third real-world object RWO” is provided within the environment.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130A As shown, light reflected from the third real -world obj ect RWO” propagates as real- world image-bearing light 130A” until it reaches positive-pow er optical element 136 where real- world image-bearing light 130A’ ’ converges to form real -world image-bearing light 130B” .
  • Real- world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 where it diverges in a manner equal to and opposite of the converging effect of the positive-power optical element 136, forming real -world image-bearing light 130C”.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130C continues to propagate in the direction of the eyebox E until it encounters third corrective section 144C of the trifocal corrective optic 140.
  • third corrective section 144C real-world image-bearing light 130C” is formed into real -world image-bearing light BOD” which is used to form images of real-world object RWO” that appear closer, for example, than the true position of the real- world object RWO” in the environment, i.e., at a third corrected focusing distance 150.
  • 8A-8B illustrate the effects of the multifocal corrective optical element 140 on real- world image-bearing light 130A-130D, 130A’-B0D’, and 130A”-130D” and do not illustrate the effect of the multifocal corrective optical element 140 on virtual image-bearing light 128 purely for clarity of illustration.
  • the effects described above with respect to real-world image-bearing light 130B-130D, 130B’-130D’, and 130B”-130D” can apply equally to virtual image-bearing light 128 prior to entering the eyebox E.
  • corrective optical element 140 can also be positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO, RWO’, RWO”.
  • first real-world object RWO light reflected from that object propagates as real- world image-bearing light 130 A until it reaches corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light 130A encounters first corrective section 144A and forms real-world image-bearing light BOB.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate until it reaches the positive-power optical element 136 where the light converges to form real-world image-bearing light 130C.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130C continues to propagate through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 where it diverges in a manner equal to and opposite of the converging effect of the positive-power optical element 136, forming real -world image-bearing light BOD.
  • real -world image-bearing light BOD continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear closer, for example, than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment, i.e., at a first corrected focusing distance 146.
  • light reflected from the second real-world object RWO’ propagates as real-world image-bearing light 130A’ until it reaches corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light 130A’ encounters second corrective section 144B and forms real-world image-bearing light BOB’.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB’ continues to propagate until it reaches the positive-power optical element 136 where the light converges to form real-world image-bearing light 130C’.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130C’ continues to propagate through image light guide 102 and encounters negative-power optical element 132 where it diverges in a manner equal to and opposite of the converging effect of the positive-power optical element 136.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130D After transmission through the negative-power optical element 132, real-world image-bearing light 130D’ continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO’ that appear closer, for example, than the true position of the real-world object RWO’ in the environment, i.e., at a second corrected focusing distance 148.
  • positive power optical element 136 and corrective optical element 140 can be formed as a single multifunction optical element
  • corrective optical element 140 can include more than three corrective sections 144.
  • corrective optical element 140 can include four, five, ten. fifteen, twenty, thirty or more corrective sections.
  • the plurality of corrective sections 144 can seamlessly transition between corrective sections 144 where each corrective section 144 has a operates to focus images formed within the viewer’s eye at different focusing distances.
  • FIG. 10 shows a top plan, schematic view of a portion of an exemplary head-mounted image light guide system 100 according to the present disclosure.
  • image light guide system 100 can include at least one multifunction optical element 152 that is configured to perform the functions of one or more of the optical elements described above.
  • the negative-power optical element 132 and corrective optical element 140 are formed as a single multifunction optical element 152 arranged to perform the functions of both optical elements 132, 140 as described above.
  • the single multifunction optical element 152 can be formed as a doublet lens, positioned between the image light guide 102 and the eyebox E, and includes the optical power contributions of both the corrective optical element 140, e.g., corrective optical contribution 142, as well as the negative optical power contribution 134 of negative-powder optical element 132. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the multifunction optical element 152 can be arranged to perform the functions of the positive-power optical element 136 and the corrective optical element 140.
  • This single multifunction optical element 152 can be formed as a doublet lens, positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real -world objects RWO, and includes the optical power contributions of both the corrective optical element 140, e.g., corrective optical contribution 142, as well as the positive optical power contribution 138 of positive-power optical element 136.
  • the corrective optical element 140, the negative-power optical element 132, and the positive-power optical element 136 can be discrete optical elements separated by air or other media.
  • negative-powder optical element 132 and corrective optical element 140 can be discrete lenses located between the image light guide 102 and the eyebox E as shown in FIGS. 7-8B.
  • positive-power optical element 136 and corrective optical element 140 can be discrete lenses located between the image light guide 102 and the real-world objects RWO as shown in FIG. 9.
  • image light guide system 100 as shown in FIG. 11.
  • right-eye rim section 1 12 can further include a removable lens carrier 154 positioned between nose bridge section 116 and right temple 114 and is configured to removably engage or disengage with the right-eye rim section 112 without the aid of additional tools.
  • each lens described above, in each configuration described above can be placed into, and taken out of, respective slots within the lens carrier 154, such that each lens is also removable and/or replaceable. Having the lens carrier 154 as well as the lenses themselves capable of being removed from the image light guide system 100 allows the viewer to easily customize the optical power contributions of each lens and customize the viewing experience to correct for the viewer's particular optical aberrations.
  • image light guide system 100 can include one or more electromagnetic metamaterials engaged with or embedded within one or more surfaces of the image light guide system 100.
  • metamaterials could be formed on or embedded within one or more of: (i) front surface 104 of image light guide 102; (ii) back surface 106 of image light guide 102; and (ii) either or both surfaces of the cover window or protective outer cover 122, forming one or more electromagnetic metasurfaces.
  • one or more of the optical elements within the present disclosure can be formed from an optically translucent structure, e.g., an image light guide 102, that includes one or more metamaterials configured to converge, diverge, or correct, respectively, image-bearing light passing through the optically translucent structure.
  • an optically translucent structure e.g., an image light guide 102
  • the material properties of the metamaterials can be selected from any material having subwavelength structures that are configured to emulate the optical properties of a lens, e.g., a concave, convex, or other optical element, without requiring that the surface of the optical structure be curved.
  • the image light guide 102 and/or protective outer layer 122 disclosed in the present disclosure may include planar surfaces, a metamaterial disposed on one or more surfaces of these features may cause light rays and/or electromagnetic wavefronts associated with light passing through these features to behave as though they were passing through a shaped lens.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates one exemplary 7 embodiment of a portion of image light guide system 100 including one or more metamaterials in place of lenses.
  • a linear grating structure or a holographic optical element HOE
  • image light guide system 100 includes a first metamaterial 156 located on or embedded within inner surface 104 of image light guide 102 and a second metamaterial 158 located on or embedded within outer surface 106 of image light guide 102.
  • first metamaterial 156 is configured to diverge virtual image-bearing light 128 and real-world image-bearing light 130 and is therefore operable to provide a negative optical power contribution 134.
  • Second metamaterial 158 is configured to converge real -world image-bearing light 130 and is therefore operable to provide a positive optical power contribution 138. It should be appreciated that, similarly to other example embodiments described herein, the diopter value of the negative optical power contribution 134 and the diopter value of the positive optical power contribution 138 can be equal and opposite such that they cancel each other with respect to real-world image-bearing light 130.
  • virtual image-bearing light 126 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) propagates within the image light guide 102 via TIR and is out-coupled from image light guide 102 as substantially collimated virtual image-bearing light.
  • virtual image-bearing light 128 engages with a first metamaterial 156 having a negative power optical contribution 134.
  • the light diverges (shown as virtual image-bearing light 128B) and enters the eyebox E and forms an image of the virtual object VO at a second focusing distance FD2 (shown in FIG. 12 as a triangle formed of dotted lines).
  • real-world image-bearing light 130A reflected off real-w orld objects RWO within the environment, propagates to the image light guide system 100 and encounters the second metamaterial 158 which converges real -world image-bearing light I 30A forming real-world image-bearing light 130B.
  • the positive optical power contribution 138 of second metamaterial 158 is selected as +2 diopters.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130B is then transmitted through image light guide 102 and encounters the first metamaterial 156 having a negative optical power contribution 134 of -2 diopters.
  • real -w orld image-bearing light BOB refracts through the first metamaterial 156.
  • the light is converged such that the net effect of the positive optical power contnbution 138 of the second metamaterial 158 and the negative optical pow er contribution 134 of the first metamaterial cancel, and real -w orld imagebearing light 130C is operable to form images of real -w orld objects RWO at their true positions within the environment.
  • first metamaterial 156 and the second metamaterial 158 can also include optical structures or features that operate to provide a corrective optical contribution 142. That is. it should be appreciated that either (i) the first metamaterial 156 can provide both a negative optical pow er contribution 134 and a corrective optical contribution 142; (ii) the second metamaterial 158 can provide both a positive optical pow er contribution 138 and a corrective optical contribution 142; or (iii) the first metamaterial 156 can provide both a negative optical power contribution 134 and a portion of a corrective optical contribution 142, while the second metamaterial 158 can provide both a positive optical power contribution 138 and a portion of a corrective optical contribution 142.
  • first metamaterial 156 and the second metamaterial 158 can include one or more corrective sections 144A-144C as described above with respect to FIGS. 8A-8B. and as such, can provide multi-focal corrective capabilities.
  • first metamaterial 156 and/or the second metamaterial 158 can be located on or embedded within one or more surfaces of the protective outer cover 122 rather than, or in addition to, being located on or embedded within the image light guide 102. Further, it should be appreciated that the first metamaterial 156 and/or the second metamaterial 158 can be disposed on or embedded within a stand-alone optical component, e.g., a transparent or translucent planar substrate, positioned between the eyebox E and the image light guide 102 and/or between the image light guide and the real-world objects RWO.
  • a stand-alone optical component e.g., a transparent or translucent planar substrate
  • image light guide system 100 includes a first corrective optical element 140 (i.e., a corrective optical element providing spherical correction, e.g., a spherical or hemispherical lens), image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO, and a second corrective optical element 180 (i.e., a corrective optical element providing cylindrical correction, e.g., a cylindrical lens).
  • first corrective optical element 140 i.e., a corrective optical element providing spherical correction, e.g., a spherical or hemispherical lens
  • image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO
  • a second corrective optical element 180 i.e., a corrective optical element providing cylindrical correction, e.g., a cylindrical lens
  • the in-coupling optic IDO, the optional intermediate optic TO, and the out-coupling optic ODO could be any combination of volume holograms, holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC), diffractive surface relief gratings, partially reflective surfaces, prisms, diffractive polarization gratings, or other liquid crystal (LC) formed gratings structures.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO. For example, light reflected from the real -world object RWO propagates as real- world image-bearing light 130A until it reaches the first corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light I 30A forms real-world image-bearing light BOB.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate through image light guide 102 and encounters the second corrective optical element 180 where real-world image-bearing light BOB forms real- world image-bearing light 130C.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 can be formed as at least a portion of a cover window 122 (show n in FIGS. 4-12, 13B, and 13C).
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to provide spherical correction to the virtual image-bearing light 128 (i.e., the out-coupling optic ODO contributes optical power) out-coupled toward the eyebox E.
  • Spherically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and propagates to the second corrective optical element 180.
  • virtual image-bearing light 128 A refracts through the second corrective optical element 180, the light converges or diverges and propagates toward the eyebox E as virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • Second corrective optical element 180 provides a corrective optical contribution which can be customized for the viewer to offset the viewer’s particular non-symmetrical optical maladies, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the corrected virtual image-bearing light 128B operates to form one or more images of virtual object VO at a corrected distance and corrected for the viewers particular malady.
  • its corrective optical contribution will provide an asymmetric optical power about a piano-axis of the second corrective optical element operating to correct for a particular viewer’s astigmatism.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a spherical correction and a cylindrical correction.
  • the first corrective optical element 140, the image light guide 102 and the second corrective optical element 180 are aligned and positioned in proximity to each other substantially forming a stacked arrangement.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 may be an ophthalmic eyeglass providing spherical correction to the real-world image-bearing light 130.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 may provide the function of a protective cover window 122.
  • cover window' 122 may include one or more coatings on the inner or outer surface, e.g., scratch-resistant coatings or anti -reflective coatings.
  • the stacked arrangement illustrated is a first stacked arrangement and is optically coupled with a user’s right eye and a second stacked arrangement is optically coupled with the user’s left eye substantially forming a binocular image light guide system.
  • the first corrective optical element 140, the out-coupling optic ODO, and the second corrective optical element 180 are aligned to a particular user’s interpupillary distance (IPD).
  • IPD interpupillary distance
  • an alignment point AP of the first corrective optical element 140 is schematically show n as overlapping at least a portion of the out- coupling optic ODO of the image light guide 102.
  • the optical center of the first corrective optical element 140 and/or the second corrective optical element 180 are configured to align with the alignment point AP overlapping the out-coupling diffractive optic and is selected based on a particular user’s inner-pupillary distance (IPD). Alignment between the first corrective optical element 140, the second corrective optical element 180, and the alignment point AP is necessary' to prevent or limit two-dimensional shifts of real-world image-bearing light 130 (e.g., causing double images and/or eye strain) and the virtual image-bearing light 128 (e.g., causing double images and/or eye strain) in a binocular image light guide system 100.
  • a sealing member can be provided around and/or between the various components within a given stacked arrangement to prevent or limit the amount of contamination from external elements from interfering with the optical function of one or more elements of the stack.
  • image light guide system 100 includes a first corrective optical element 140 (e.g., a spherical or hemispherical lens) and image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO.
  • light reflected from the real-world object RWO propagates as real- world image-bearing light 130A until it reaches first corrective optical element 140 where real- world image-bearing light I 30A forms real-world image-bearing light BOB.
  • Real-world imagebearing light BOB continues to propagate through image light guide 102 into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to provide spherical and/or cylindrical correction to the virtual image-bearing light 128 (i.e., the out- coupling optic ODO contributes optical power) out-coupled toward the eyebox E.
  • Spherically and/or cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and propagates toward the eyebox E as virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • An out- coupling optic ODO configured to contribute both spherical and cylindrical correction of the virtual image-bearing light 128 may be referred to herein as providing a compound optical power contribution.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual imagebearing light 128 each experience a spherical correction and the virtual image-bearing light 128 experiences a cylindrical correction and/or spherical correction.
  • each of the angularly related beams of the image-bearing light 128A is no longer collimated, i.e., diverging from a point at infinity, but instead appears to diverge or converge from a point located much closer or further to the image light guide 102.
  • One mechanism for converting a dimension of collimated image-bearing light 128 propagating along the image light guide 102 into a plurality' of diverging beams representing a near focus position in a virtual image is presented in FIG. 14A as a stepped-chirp out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • Grating vector k5 extends parallel to the x-axis in a direction opposite to the direction along which the collimated image-bearing light 128 is propagated.
  • the period d of the diffractive features of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO increases in a stepwise manner along the same direction of propagation. Because the angle through which a given beam of image-bearing light 128 is diffracted is inversely proportional to the period d of the diffractive features, the angle through which the collimated beam is diffracted decreases with successive encounters of the collimated beam along the stepped-chirp out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the period d is relatively shortened so that the diffraction angle is increased, and at the end of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO, the period d is relatively lengthened so that the diffraction angle is decreased.
  • the stepped-chirp diffractive features adds cylindrical power to the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • an image light guide system 100 includes a left-eye image light guide 102A and a right-eye image light guide 102B disposed at a “chevron” angle ⁇
  • ) may also be referred to as the “rake” angle herein.
  • the left-eye image light guide 102A includes an in-coupling diffractive optic IDOA and an out-coupling diffractive optic ODOA arranged along the surface 104 of the image light guide 102A.
  • the incoupling diffractive optic IDOA and the out-coupling diffractive optic ODOA may alternatively be arranged along the surface 106 of the image light guide 102A.
  • the right-eye image light guide 102B includes an in-coupling diffractive optic IDOA and an out-coupling diffractive optic ODOA arranged along the surface 104 of the image light guide 102B. It should also be appreciated that at least one of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDOA and the out-coupling diffractive optic ODOA may alternatively be arranged along the surface 106 of the image light guide 102B.
  • the image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR are emitted by the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB from the surface 104 in the same direction as the image-bearing beams WI are incident on the in-coupling diffractive optics IDOA, IDOB and at an exit angle 36 equal to the angle of incidence 30, rendering image-bearing light beams WI and image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR parallel in angular space.
  • FIG. 14B shows that image-bearing light beams WI incident on a surface 106 at an angle of incidence 30 of one-hundred degrees (100°) relative to the surface 106 produce image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR emitted from surface 104 at an exit angle 36 of one-hundred degrees (100°) relative to the surface 104.
  • angle of incidence 30 and exit angle 36 are equal with respect to surface 104 and sur-face 106.
  • the horizontal angular relationship of the incident imagebearing light WI and the output image-bearing light 128AL, 128AR is independent of the alignment and orientation of the image light guides 102A, 102B.
  • > will not cause any angular change to the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR.
  • > may be selected for one or more of form factor, ergonomics, aesthetics, and system size.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optics IDOA, IDOB are configured as blazed gratings or blazed diffractive features.
  • the pitch of the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB is configured to angle the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128 AR to change the relative alignment/orientation of the in-coupled im-age- bearing light beams and the output image-bearing light beams 128 AL, 128 AR.
  • the change in the alignment of the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR changes the vergence point of the virtual object conveyed by the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR at infinity focus.
  • the vergence point is not brought close enough to the eyebox to create a vergence-accommodation issue (e g., the vergence point may be changed from infinity to 1-4 meters or 3-4 meters from the eyebox).
  • the grating vectors of the respective diffractive features in the in-coupling diffractive optics IDOA, IDOB and the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB do not sum to zero (i.e., the grating vectors do not form a triangular vector diagram summing to zero).
  • the grating vector of the out-coupling diffractive optic is configured such that the grating vectors do not sum to zero.
  • the left-eye image light guide 102A and a right-eye image light guide 102B described in FIG. 14C may be replaced with a single planar image light guide 102 including the in-coupling diffractive optics IDOA, IDOB and the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB arranged along at least one of the surface 104 or 106 of the image light guide 102.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optics IDOA, IDOB may be replaced with a single in-coupling diffractive optic IDO configured to direct substantially 50% of the in-coupled image bearing light to each of the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB.
  • the diffractive features of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO may be symmetrically slanted gratings.
  • the pitch of the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB is configured to angle the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR to change the relative alignment of the in-coupled image-bearing light beams and the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR and the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB comprise a zone-segmented pattern having an angular variation among straight line diffractive features between the zones along one dimension of the out-coupling optics, as described above, to change a focal plane of the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR.
  • the image light guide system benefits from changing the focal plane of the virtual object by adding optical power to the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB to reduce, for example, eye strain.
  • the left-eye image light guide 102A and a right-eye image light guide 102B described in FIG. 14E may be replaced with a single planar image light guide 102 including the in-coupling diffractive optics IDO A, IDOB and the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB arranged along at least one of the surface 104 or 106 of the image light guide 102.
  • the in-coupling diffractive optics IDOA, IDOB may be replaced with a single in-coupling diffractive optic IDO configured to direct substantially 50% of the in-coupled image bearing light to each of the out-coupling diffractive optics ODOA, ODOB.
  • the diffractive features of the in-coupling diffractive optic IDO may be sy mmetrically slanted gratings.
  • optical wedges 300 A, 300B may be utilized to change the relative angular alignment of the in-coupled image-bearing light beams and the output image-bearing light beams 128 AL, 128 AR and change the vergence point of the virtual object conveyed by the output image-bearing light beams 128AL, 128AR at infinity 7 focus.
  • optical wedge 300A may be arranged be-tween the image light guide 120A and the real-world object RWO and between the in-coupling diffractive optic IDOA and the image source 18, and the optical wedge 300B may be arranged between the image light guide 120A and the eyebox E.
  • FIG. 14G only shows the image light guide 120A and the corresponding optical wedges 300A, 300B, a binocular system could also utilize an image light guide 120B and corresponding optical wedges 300A, 300B arranged for the other eye.
  • stepwise adjustments to the period d along the x-axis length of out-coupling diffractive optic ODO provide for diffracting the representative collimated beam through progressively varying diffraction angles so that the light appears to emanate from nearfocus point f.
  • the other angularly related beams of image-bearing light WG are also diffracted through a progression of different diffraction angles with each successive encounter with out- coupling diffractive optic ODO so that the light from each of these beams appears to emanate from a different near-focus point elsewhere in a common focal plane in accordance with their differing angular content.
  • FIG. 15 depicts a portion of the out- coupling diffractive optic ODO featuring a zone-segmented pattern having an angular variation between the zones generally along ay-axis dimension of the diffractive optic.
  • the period d along the x-axis direction is held constant to emphasize the effect of a stepped variation in the angular orientation of the diffractive features.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO may include straight line diffractive features 182 forming contiguous chordal segments of a curve. Measured against the y-axis, the angle q> of the straight line diffractive features 182 varies in a stepwise fashion along the y-axis as chords of a continuous curve. The straight line diffractive features 182 angularly depart from the y-axis orientation in a stepwise fashion with distance from a centerline 184 of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO along the x-axis, but the angular departures change in sign on opposite sides of the centerline 184.
  • Progressive redirection of the angularly related beams 128 in the y-z plane can be effected by changing an angle ⁇ p of diffractive features within the x-y plane of the image light guide 102.
  • the beams of image-bearing light 128 are diffracted through a progression of angles (3 in the y-z plane as a function of position along the y axis.
  • each of the angularly related beams of the image-bearing light 128 A appears to emanate from a unique near-focus point f.
  • FIG. 16 shows, in simplified schematic form, a portion of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO that is divided into a two-dimensional array of zones Z. which combine a stepwise variation in pitch along the x-axis dimension of the array with a stepwise variation in the orientation of the diffractive features in the y-axis dimension of the array.
  • Each of the zones Z include a set of linear diffractive features, which extend parallel to each other and have equal pitch.
  • successive zones along the x-axis dimension of the array, and referred to in the array as a row have respective sets of parallel diffractive features that extend in the same direction but have different periods d (i.e., different pitch).
  • Successive zones along the y-axis dimension of the array, and referred to in the array as a column have respective sets of parallel diffractive features that extend in progressively different directions through angle cp.
  • Each of the zones Z has the shape of a parallelogram having parallel top and bottom sides spaced apart through a distance corresponding to the length of linear diffractive features 182 and also having parallel left and right sides spaced apart through a distance corresponding to a product of the number of linear diffractive features 182 and period d of each of the equally spaced linear diffractive features 182.
  • the linear diffractive features 182 within each zone Zn extend in parallel, and the linear diffractive features 182 within each of the zones of a row also extend in parallel.
  • grating vectors k of the zones within each row extend in parallel.
  • the pitch (period d) progressively varies in a stepwise manner among the zones of each row.
  • the magnitudes of the grating vectors k progressively vary along each row.
  • the grating vectors kl, k2, and k3 of contiguous zones Zl, Z2, and Z3 in the same row all extend in the same direction but at different lengths.
  • grating vectors k4, k5, and k6 of contiguous zones Z4, Z5, and Z6 extend in the same direction but at different lengths.
  • a similar observation can be made among the grating vectors of the zones Z7, Z8, and Z9 and the zones Z 10, Z 11 , and Z 12 of the other depicted rows.
  • the grating vectors progressively change in angular orientation in a stepwise manner through the angle cp. While the displacements between linear diffractive features 182 in the x-axis direction remain constant among the zones within each of the columns, the pitch itself varies as a product of the x-axis displacement and the cosine of angle ⁇ p.
  • the angular orientations of the grating vectors kl, k4, k7, and klO vary in angle cp a stepwise manner between the contiguous zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10 of a column and the magnitudes of these grating vectors kl, k4, k7, and klO vary’ as a function of a constant x-axis displacement of the diffractive features within the column and the cosine of angle cp.
  • a similar observation can be made among the grating vectors of the zones Z2, Z5, Z8, and Zl l and the zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12 of the other depicted columns.
  • the zones of each row include upper and lower boundaries that are all aligned in parallel to a common axis, i.e., the x-axis
  • the zones in each column are aligned along a respective arc.
  • the zones along two columns of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO are shown in alignment with arcs.
  • Each linear diffractive features 182 segment that extends between the upper and lower boundaries of a zone can be considered as a chord along an arc.
  • the arcs of the different columns within the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO share the same curvature and are distinguished by different offsets along the x-axis direction.
  • the parallel linear diffractive features 182 between the adjacent zones within the individual columns are oriented in different directions, the shared x-axis displacements of the diffractive features in the adjacent zones within each column allow the parallel diffractive features of the adjacent zones to precisely abut.
  • the effective forward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 within each zone of a column intersect with the effective forward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 of an adjacent zone within the same column, and the effective rearward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 within each zone of a column intersect with the effective rearward surfaces of the linear diffractive features 182 of an adjacent zone within the same column.
  • the included angle between the linear diffractive features 182 at each intersection is the supplementary angle to the angular difference between the angular orientations of the diffractive features of the adjacent zones of the column.
  • the linear diffractive features 182 of each column form a chordal representation of an arc. Superscribed arcs having these chords are offset between the columns of zones but share the same curvature and are thus not concentric.
  • each zone can be easily replicated and matched to its adjacent zones that only vary in pitch and orientation, with the zones in each row sharing the same orientation and the zones of each column sharing the same x-axis displacements between linear diffractive features 182.
  • the zones are configured non-symmetrically.
  • the zones are configured to provide optical power along one axis of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO.
  • the imagebearing light beams are effectively redirected by the zones from parallel orientation to a series of convergence points along an imaginary line/axis.
  • the zones may be configured to provide a first optical power along one axis and a second optical power along the orthogonal axis.
  • FIG. 17 shows, in simplified schematic form, a portion of the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO having a first set of diffractive features 186 and a second set of diffractive features 188.
  • First set of diffractive features 186 may be optimized to out-couple a first wavelength range of light (e.g., blue light) and second set of diffractive features 188 may be optimized to out-couple a second wavelength range of light (e.g., red light).
  • the first and second sets of diffractive features 186 and 188 at least partially overlap and are curved (i.e., curvil inear) or approximate a curve with linear segments to introduce optical power as described above.
  • first set of diffractive features 186 is chirped in a first direction, meaning diffractive features 186 progressively increase in pitch in one direction.
  • first set of diffractive features 186 have a pitch dl progressively increasing in pitch in a first direction (i.e., a direction opposite to the direction of grating vector k4).
  • second set of diffractive features 188 is chirped in a second direction different from the first direction.
  • second set of diffractive features 188 comprises pitch d2 progressively increasing in pitch in a second direction (i.e.. a direction opposite to the direction of grating vector k5).
  • the pitch progression of second set of diffractive features 188 is equal to the pitch progression of first set of diffractive features 186. In other exemplary' embodiments, the pitch progression of the second set of diffractive features 188 is not equal to the pitch progression of the first set of diffractive features 186.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO may be divided into a two-dimensional array of zones, for example zones Z1-Z12.
  • zones Z1-Z12 includes a set of linear diffractive features 186, 188. which extend parallel to each other and have equal pitch within each respective zone Z1-Z12.
  • zone Z1 includes diffractive features 186 including pitch dl and diffractive features 188 including pitch d2.
  • pitch dl is equal to pitch d2.
  • pitch dl is not equal to pitch d2.
  • each zone has the form of a diffractive optical element with crossed linear diffractive features.
  • Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl along the x-axis dimension of the array, referred to as rows.
  • pitch dl in zone Z1 is greater than pitch dl in zone Z2, which is greater than pitch dl in zone Z3.
  • stepwise variation is intended to describe that the common pitch (e.g., pitch dl) between diffractive features of the same zone is constant, but the common pitch dl in each successive zone along the x-axis dimension of the array changes, e.g., increases or decreases.
  • diffractive features 186 comprise the same (e.g., constant) curvature/grating orientation along the x-axis, namely, diffractive features 186 have the same grating vector k4o across zones Z1-Z3 (i.e., the angle of diffractive features 186 across zones Zl- Z3 are the same, and thus diffractive features 186 across zones Z1-Z3 are parallel to each other). This same behavior occurs with respect to diffractive features 186 across the x-axis throughout the array. Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl, e.g., decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z4-Z6, and a constant grating vector k4c.
  • Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepw ise variation in pitch dl, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z7-Z9, and a constant grating vector k4n. Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch dl , decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z10-Z12, and a constant grating vector k4. ⁇ . Diffractive features 186 exhibit a stepwise variation in grating vector along the y-axis dimension of the array, referred to as columns. That is, diffractive features 186 of each zone in a column comprise a set of parallel diffractive features having a common pitch dl, that extend in progressively different directions through angle ⁇
  • the angle of diffractive features 186 and their grating vectors 1 ⁇ 4A, k4s, k4c, k4o differ in zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10, respectively.
  • diffractive features 186 are linear in each respective zone, diffractive features 186 approximate a curved line in the direction of the y-axis dimension.
  • diffractive features 186 exhibit the stepwise variation in direction in the column including zones Z2, Z5, Z8, and Zl 1 , and the column including zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12.
  • the magnitude of grating vector k4o increases in stepwise fashion across zones Z1-Z3.
  • grating vector k5c increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z4-Z6, grating vector k5n increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z7-Z9, and grating vector k5 ⁇ increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z10-Z12.
  • Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch d2 along the y-axis dimension of the array (i.e., the columns).
  • pitch d2 in zone Zl is greater than pitch d2 in zone Z4, which is greater than pitch d2 in zone Z7, which is greater than pitch d2 in zone Z10.
  • stepwise variation is intended to describe that the common pitch d2 within each zone is constant within the zone, but in each successive zone along the y-axis dimension of the array the pitch changes, e.g., increases or decreases.
  • Diffractive features 188 comprise the same curvature/grating orientation along the y- axis, namely, diffractive features 188 have the same grating vector k5A across zones Zl. Z4, Z7, and Z10 (i.e., the angle of diffractive features 188 across zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z 10 are the same, and thus diffractive features 188 across zones Zl, Z4, Z7, and Z10 are parallel to each other). This same behavior occurs with respect to diffractive features 188 across the y-axis throughout the array. Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch d2, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z2, Z5, Z8, and Zl 1, and a constant grating vector k5B.
  • Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in pitch d2, decreasing in each successive zone across zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12, and a constant grating vector k5c.
  • Diffractive features 188 exhibit a stepwise variation in grating vector along the x-axis dimension of the array (i.e., the row s). That is, diffractive features 188 of each zone in a row comprises a set of parallel diffractive features d2, having the same pitch, that extend in progressively different directions through angle ⁇
  • diffractive features 188 are linear in each respective zone, diffractive features 188 approximate a curved line in the direction of the x-axis dimension. Similarly, diffractive features 188 exhibit the stepwise variation in direction in the row including zones Z4- Z6, the row including zones Z7-Z9, and the row including zones Z10-Z12.
  • grating vectors k5 for diffractive features 188 may increase in magnitude in the y-axis dimension as the pitch d2 decreases.
  • the magnitude of grating vector k5A increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Zl. Z4. Z7. and Z10.
  • grating vector k5B increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z2, Z5, Z8, and Zl l
  • grating vector k5c increases in magnitude in stepwise fashion across zones Z3, Z6, Z9, and Z12.
  • the vector contributions of either the curve (or approximated cun e) and/or the chirp of diffractive features 186, 188 at any given point along out-coupling diffractive optic ODO independently create spherical and/or cylindrical optical power.
  • the vector contributions of the curve (or approximated cun e) and the chirp of diffractive features 186, 188 are combined, two-dimensional optical power is introduced, that if properly balanced would create spherical optical power.
  • the out-coupling diffractive optic ODO includes a first set of diffractive features 190 and a second set of diffractive features 192.
  • the first set of diffractive features 190 are curved (i.e., curvilinear) or approximate a curve with linear segments to introduce optical power as described above.
  • the second set of diffractive features 192 are linear diffractive features.
  • This out-coupling diffractive optic ODO combines spherical correction functionality with eyebox E expansion functionality.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes the first corrective optical element 140 and image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO.
  • light reflected from the real-world object RWO propagates as real-world image-bearing light 130A until it reaches first corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light 130A forms real-world image-bearing light 130B.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 comprises a lens, for example, with a spherical correction component and a cylindrical correction component.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate through image light guide 102 into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment.
  • the cylindrical correction component of the first corrective optical element 140 focuses real-world image-bearing light 130B about an optical axis in accordance with the particular prescription.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to provide a spherical correction and a cylindrical correction to the virtual image-bearing light 128 out-coupled toward the eyebox E.
  • Spherically and cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and propagates toward the eyebox E as virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a spherical correction and a cylindrical correction.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes the first corrective optical element 140 and the image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO.
  • light reflected from the real-world object RWO propagates as real-world image-bearing light 130A until it reaches first corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light 130A forms real-world image-bearing light 130B.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 comprises a lens, for example, with a cylindrical correction component.
  • Real- world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate through image light guide 102 into the eyebox E focused to a meridian in accordance with the particular prescription.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to provide a cylindrical correction to the virtual image-bearing light 128 out-coupled toward the eyebox E.
  • Cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128 A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and propagates toward the eyebox E as virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes the first corrective optical element 140, the image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO, and the second corrective optical element 180.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 is positioned between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO.
  • light reflected from the real-world object RWO propagates as real-world image-bearing light 130A until it reaches first corrective optical element 140 where real-world image-bearing light 130A forms real-world image-bearing light 130B.
  • the first corrective optical element 140 comprises a lens, for example, with a spherical correction component.
  • Real-world image-bearing light 130B continues to propagate through image light guide 102 to the second corrective optical element 180 where real-world image-bearing light 130B forms real-world image-bearing light 130C.
  • the second corrective optical element 180 comprises a lens, for example, with a cylindrical correction component.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to out- couple the virtual image-bearing light 128 A toward the eyebox E without a spherical or cylindrical correction.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and encounters the second corrective optical element 180 where the virtual image-bearing light 128A forms cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction, and the real-world image-bearing light 130 also experiences a spherical correction.
  • examples of the image light guide system 100 include both the first corrective optical element 140 and the second corrective optical element 180 contributing spherical correction. Additional examples of the image light guide system 100 include both the first corrective optical element 140 and the second corrective optical element 180 contributing cylindrical correction. Further, the image light guide 102 can contribute either spherical or cylinder correction, or both.
  • the image light guide sy stem 100 may utilize digital spherical and/or cylindrical correction.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a cover window 122, the image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO, a digital spherical correction element 200, and the cylindrical correction optical element 180.
  • the cover window 122 is arranged between the image light guide 102 and the real-world object RWO and contributes no. or substantially no, optical power to the real-world image-bearing light I 30A.
  • the digital spherical correction element 200 comprises a liquid cry stal layer operable to provide a spherical correction to incident light.
  • Real-world imagebearing light 130B continues to propagate to the cylindrical correction optical element 180 where real -world image-bearing light 130B forms real -world image-bearing light 130C.
  • the cylindrical correction optical element 180 comprises a lens, for example, with a cylindrical correction component.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to out- couple the virtual image-bearing light 128 A toward the eyebox E without a spherical or cylindrical correction.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image tight guide 102 and encounters the digital spherical correction element 200 where virtual image-bearing light 128A forms virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128B then encounters the cylindrical correction optical element 180 where the virtual image-bearing tight 128B forms cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128C.
  • the real-world image-bearing tight 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction and a spherical correction.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a cover window 122, the image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO, a digital spherical correction element 200, and the digital cylindrical correction element 202.
  • the cover window 122 is arranged between the image tight guide 102 and the real-world object RWO and contributes no, or substantially no, optical power to the real-world image-bearing light I 30A.
  • the digital spherical correction element 200 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a spherical correction to incident light.
  • Real-world image-bearing light BOB continues to propagate to the digital cylindrical correction element 202 where real-world image-bearing tight BOB forms real-world image-bearing light 130C.
  • the digital cylindrical correction element 202 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a cylindrical correction to incident light.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations, e g., astigmatism.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to out- couple the virtual image-bearing light 128 A toward the eyebox E without a spherical or cylindrical correction.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and encounters the digital spherical correction element 200 where virtual image-bearing light 12 A forms virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128B then encounters the digital cylindrical correction element 202 where the virtual image-bearing light 128B forms cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128C.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction and a spherical correction.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a cover window 122, a digital spherical correction element 200, the image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO, and the cylindrical corrective optical element 180.
  • the cover window 122 is arranged between the image light guide 102 and the real -world object RWO and contributes no, or substantially no, optical power to the real-world image-bearing light 130A.
  • the digital spherical correction element 200 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a spherical correction to incident light.
  • Real -world image-bearing light 130B continues to propagate through the image light guide 102 to the cylindrical corrective optical element 180 where real-world image-bearing light 130B forms real-world image-bearing light 130C.
  • the cylindrical corrective optical element 180 comprises a lens, for example, with a cylindrical correction component.
  • real -world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and is used to form images of real-world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer’s optical aberrations, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to out- couple the virtual image-bearing light 128 A toward the eyebox E without a spherical or cylindrical correction.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and encounters the digital spherical correction element 200 where virtual image-bearing light 128 A forms virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128B then encounters the cylindrical corrective optical element 180 where the virtual image-bearing light 128B forms cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128C.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction and a spherical correction.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes a cover window 122, a digital spherical correction element 200, the image light guide 102 having at least an in-coupling optic IDO and an out-coupling optic ODO, and the digital cylindrical correction element 202.
  • the cover window 122 is arranged between the image light guide 102 and the real -world object RWO and contributes no, or substantially no, optical power to the real-world image-bearing light 130A.
  • the digital spherical correction element 200 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a spherical correction to incident light.
  • Real-world image-bearing light I 30B continues to propagate through the image light guide 102 to the digital cylindrical correction element 202 where real-world image-bearing light 130B forms real-world image-bearing light 130C.
  • the digital cylindrical correction element 202 comprises a liquid crystal layer operable to provide a cylindrical correction to incident light.
  • real-world image-bearing light 130C continues into the eyebox E and forms images of real -world object RWO that appear, for example, closer than the true position of the real-world object RWO in the environment and correct for a particular viewer's optical aberrations, e.g., astigmatism.
  • the out-coupling optic ODO is configured to out- couple the virtual image-bearing light 128 A toward the eyebox E without a spherical or cylindrical correction.
  • the virtual image-bearing light 128A is out-coupled from image light guide 102 and encounters the digital cylindrical correction element 202 where virtual image-bearing light 128A forms cylindrically corrected virtual image-bearing light 128B.
  • the real-world image-bearing light 130 and the virtual image-bearing light 128 each experience a cylindrical correction and the real -world image-beanng light 130 experiences a sphencal correction.
  • digital correction elements may be substituted for fixed lenses performing the same function.
  • the thickness of the lens should be considered.
  • the powers chosen across a lens are selected such that the thickness, measured at the outer perimeter of the lens, of the lenses stays the same across each image light guide system 100.
  • upper and lower diopter power limits are selected for each lens, and the powers balanced across multiple optical elements to allow for a similar lens thickness in any two successive image light guide systems 100.
  • the optical power provided by the first corrective optical element 140 and the second corrective optical element 180 can be selected such that the total optical power achieved by the system is configured for a particular prescription without increasing the initial thickness of the first corrective optical element 140 or the second corrective optical element 180.
  • optical power in the corrective optical element 122, 140, 200 arranged between the real-world object RWO and the image light guide 102 and optical power in the image light guide 102 are generally the same. Having the same optical power in these elements facilitates correction of the virtual image and the real-world image to the same focal distance (e.g., optical infinity). In other examples of the embodiments described herein, optical power in the corrective optical element 122. 140, 200 arranged between the real-world object RWO and the image light guide 102 and optical power in the image light guide 102 may be different.
  • the perspective view shown in FIG. 21 illustrates one example of image light guide system 100 in a display system for augmented reality viewing of virtual images.
  • the image light guide system 100 uses one or more image light guides (e.g., image light guides 102).
  • Image light guide system 100 is shown as a head-mounted display (HMD) with a right-eye rim section 112 having an image light guide 102R proximate the user’s right eye.
  • the image light guide system 100 includes image source 108, such as a pico-proj ector or similar device, energizable to generate one or more virtual images.
  • image light guide system 100 includes a left-eye optical system including one or more image light guides and a second image source.
  • the virtual images that are generated can be a stereoscopic pair of images for 3D viewing.
  • the virtual image or images formed by the image light guide system 100 can appear to be superimposed or overlaid onto the real-world scene content seen by the viewer through the right eye image light guide 102R and/or left eye image light guide.
  • Additional components familiar to those skilled in the augmented reality visualization arts, such as one or more cameras mounted on the frame of the HMD for viewing scene content or viewer gaze tracking, can also be provided.
  • One or more features of the embodiments described herein may be combined to create additional embodiments which are not depicted.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de guidage de lumière d'image comprend un guide de lumière d'image agencé pour diriger des faisceaux lumineux porteurs d'image de l'objet virtuel vers une zone oculaire à une première distance de mise au point ; un premier élément optique correctif disposé entre le guide de lumière d'image et l'objet du monde réel, le premier élément optique correctif ayant une contribution de puissance optique sphérique utilisable pour faire converger ou diverger des faisceaux lumineux porteurs d'image du monde réel préalablement à la zone oculaire à une seconde distance de mise au point inférieure à la première distance de mise au point ; une optique de couplage de sortie disposée le long du guide de lumière d'image, l'optique de couplage de sortie ayant une contribution de puissance optique sphérique utilisable pour faire converger ou diverger des faisceaux de lumière porteurs d'image virtuelle préalablement à la zone oculaire à une seconde distance de mise au point inférieure à la première distance de mise au point ; et un second élément optique correctif disposé entre le guide de lumière d'image et la zone oculaire, le second élément optique correctif ayant une contribution optique cylindrique utilisable pour réduire les aberrations optiques associées à la visualisation de l'objet du monde réel et de l'objet virtuel à la seconde distance de mise au point.
PCT/US2024/015075 2023-02-08 2024-02-08 Système de guidage de lumière d'image à foyer fixe Ceased WO2024168201A1 (fr)

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CN202480010878.5A CN120693561A (zh) 2023-02-08 2024-02-08 固定焦点图像光导系统
EP24754105.5A EP4630875A1 (fr) 2023-02-08 2024-02-08 Système de guidage de lumière d'image à foyer fixe

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190302330A1 (en) * 2013-05-22 2019-10-03 Finisar Corporation Systems and Methods of Aberration Correction in Optical Systems
US20210397004A1 (en) * 2020-05-22 2021-12-23 Magic Leap, Inc. Augmented and virtual reality display systems with correlated in-coupling and out-coupling optical regions for efficient light utilization
US20220019080A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2022-01-20 Vuzix Corporation Near focus corrective ar glasses
US20220082824A1 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-03-17 Nokia Technologies Oy Apparatus, Method, and System for Use in a Display

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190302330A1 (en) * 2013-05-22 2019-10-03 Finisar Corporation Systems and Methods of Aberration Correction in Optical Systems
US20220019080A1 (en) * 2018-11-27 2022-01-20 Vuzix Corporation Near focus corrective ar glasses
US20220082824A1 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-03-17 Nokia Technologies Oy Apparatus, Method, and System for Use in a Display
US20210397004A1 (en) * 2020-05-22 2021-12-23 Magic Leap, Inc. Augmented and virtual reality display systems with correlated in-coupling and out-coupling optical regions for efficient light utilization

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