WO2025128788A1 - Stink bug control composition and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure provides a pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs. The composition can include insecticides with one or more sugars as bait. The disclosure also provides methods of controlling stink bugs comprising contacting vegetation or the locus thereof an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs.

Description

STINK BUG CONTROL COMPOSITION AND

METHOD

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This Application claims the benefit of, and priority from, U.S. provisional applications serial numbers 63/609936, filed on December 14, 2023.

FIELD OF THIS DISCLOSURE

[0002] The disclosure provides a pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs. The composition can include insecticides with one or more sugars as bait. The disclosure also provides methods of controlling stink bugs comprising contacting vegetation or the locus thereof an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs BACKGROUND

[0003] Generally, insect/mite pest control in agriculture may include spraying of the insecticide solution, e.g., foliar application. Perfect coverage of the plants may promote the contact and feeding action of the insecticides over the insects. However, poor coverage of the plants can occur due to several circumstances, such as: dense canopy, high temperatures, low air humidity, among others; or pest biology, as hidden insects or mites that that are not exposed to the sprayed insecticides or those that are stressed by the conventional insecticide application may search for shelter in non-sprayed areas (for example, under straw). Thus, the insect population after some period of time can come back to feed on the plants and continue causing damage to the crop.

SUMMARY

[0004] Recognized herein is a need for a better insecticide solution. The disclosure provides a pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs. The composition can include insecticides with one or more sugars. The disclosure also provides methods of controlling stink bugs comprising contacting vegetation or the locus thereof with an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs.

[0005] An aspect of the disclosure provides a pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs. The pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs comprises (a) sulfoxaflor, (b) /c/fl/At/tz-cyhalothrin, and (c) a sugar, where (a) and (b) are present in the pesticidal composition at a weight ratio of (a):(b) from about 1 : 10 to about 10: 1, and the pesticidal composition comprises the sugar from about 20% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, the weight ratio of (a):(b) is about 2:3. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, the weight ratio of (a):(b) is about 5:6. In some embodiments, the sugar is present from about 40% to about 80% by weight. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, (a), (b), and (c) are present in the pesticidal composition at a weight ratio of from about 1 : 1.5:5 to about 1 : 1.5: 1000. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, (a), (b), and (c) are present in the pesticidal composition at a weight ratio of from about 1 : 1.2:5 to about 1 : 1.2:1000. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, the sugar is selected from monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, the sugar is selected from glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, ribose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, molasses or treacle, trehalose, dextrose, raffinose, stachyose, maltotriose, lactulose, isomaltose, melibiose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, hyaluronic acid, peptidoglycan, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, the sugar comprises invert sugar, corn steep liquid, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, (a) and (b) is formulated comprising petroleum distillates, xylene or xylene range aromatic solvent or combinations thereof. In some embodiments of the pesticidal composition, (c) is formulated comprising an anti-freezing agent, a flow aid agent, a dispersant, a thickening agent, a bee repellent, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the bee repellent from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight and the bee repellent is ammonium acetate. In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the anti-freezing agents at from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight, the diluent agents at from about 10% to about 90% by weight, the dispersants at from about 0.0% to about 5.0% by weight, the flow aid agents at from about 0.00% to about 1.00% by weight, and the thickening agents at from about 0.00% to about 1.50% by weight.

[0006] An additional aspect of the disclosure provides a method of controlling stink bugs comprising contacting vegetation or the locus thereof with an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the pesticidal composition comprises applying sulfoxaflor from about 5 grams per hectare (g/ha) to about 100 g/ha. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the pesticidal composition comprises applying /z/ v/zz-cyhalothrin from about 5 g/ha to about 150 g/ha. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the pesticidal composition comprises applying bifenthrin from about 5 g/ha to about 300 g/ha.

[0007] While not wishing to be bound by theory, the subject matter provided herein has been shown to provide high efficacy of pest control believed to be because the insects actively search for the droplets of the subject matter mixed with insecticide on which to feed and, consequently, there is movement in the direction from the pest to the insecticide. Thus, the subject matter provided herein results in increased exposure of the insects to the insecticide by attracting the insect population, including hidden insects and by stimulating ingestion of the insecticide, thereby enhancing the insecticide potency, level of control, and resi duality of control.

[0008] The utilization of novel sugar probe baiting technology provided herein could result in a reduction of 50% of the insecticide while achieving even better control than the standalone foliar spray of the same chemical. If soybean growers would use, for example, Expedition™ for one of the two applications for stink bug control, the utilization of composition provided herein could result in reduction of a huge amount of sulfoxaflor and lambda- cyhalothrin inputs in the crop every year.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

[0010] Fig. 1 shows mortality of Euschistus heros (E. heros) for applying the subject matter attractants with insecticides in Example 4.

[0011] Fig. 2 shows mortality of Euschistus heros (E. heros) for applying the subject matter attractants with insecticides in Example 5.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0012] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent publications and patents or patent applications incorporated by reference contradict the disclosure contained in the specification, the specification is intended to supersede and/or take precedence over any such contradictory material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed.

[0014] As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "and" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "an agent" includes a plurality of such agents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. When ranges are used herein for physical properties, such as molecular weight, or chemical properties, such as chemical formulae, all combinations and sub-combinations of ranges and specific embodiments therein are intended to be included. The term "about" when referring to a number or a numerical range means that the number or numerical range referred to is an approximation within experimental variability (or within statistical experimental error), and thus the number or numerical range, in some instances, will vary between 1% and 15% of the stated number or numerical range. The term "comprising" (and related terms such as "comprise" or "comprises" or "having" or "including") is not intended to exclude that in other certain embodiments, for example, an embodiment of any composition of matter, composition, method, or process, or the like, described herein, "consist of or "consist essentially of the described features. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0015] The term "locus thereof includes soil, surroundings of plant or plant parts and equipment or tools used before, during or after sowing/planting a plant or a plant part. Application of the compounds of the present disclosure or the compound of the present disclosure in a composition optionally comprising other compatible compounds to a plant or a plant material or locus thereof include application by a technique known to a person skilled in the art which includes but is not limited to spraying, coating, dipping, fumigating, impregnating, injecting, and dusting. The term “control” or “controlling” as used herein encompasses curative and protective treatment of unwanted microorganisms and/or controlling insect pests and mites.

[0016] A pesticidal composition comprises an effective amount of the active mixture for controlling insects of the present invention. The term “effective amount” denotes an amount of the composition or of the mixture, which is sufficient for controlling harmful pests on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the animal pest species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific mixture used.

[0017] The insects, arachnids and nematodes, the plant, soil, or water in which the plant is growing can be contacted with the pesticidal active mixture according to the invention or composition(s) comprising the mixture by any application method known in the art. As such, “contacting” includes both direct contact (applying the compounds and/or compositions directly on the animal pest or plant, typically to the foliage, stem, or roots of the plant) and indirect contact (applying the compounds/mixtures/compositions to the locus of the animal pest or plant).

[0018] The pesticidal active mixture according to the present invention or the pesticidal composition comprising the mixture may be used to protect growing plants and crops from attack or infestation by animal pests, especially insects, acaridae, or arachnids by contacting the plant/crop with a pesticidally effective amount of the mixture according to the invention. The term “crop” refers both to growing and harvested crops.

[0019] Recognized herein is an ongoing need for a highly efficient insecticide. The disclosure provides a pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs. The composition can include various components, including one or more insecticides selected from the class of sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids, one or more insecticides selected from the class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, and additionally one or more sugars. The disclosure also provides methods of controlling stink bugs comprising contacting vegetation or the locus thereof an amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs.

Insecticides

[0020] In one aspect, provided herein a pesticidal composition comprising (a) at least one insecticide may be selected from the class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators (IRAC Group 4, https://irac-online.org/). In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of neonicotinoids (Group 4A) comprising acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, or thiamethoxam. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the nicotine (Group 4B) comprising nicotine. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the sulfoximines (Group 4C) comprising sulfoxaflor. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the butenolides (Group 4D) comprising flupyradifurone. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the mesoionics (Group 4E) comprising dichloromezotiaz or triflumezopyrim. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators class of the pyridylidenes (Group 4F) comprising flupyrimin. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is [methyl (oxo) { 1- [6- (trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl}-X,⁶-sulfanylidene]cyanamide. In some embodiments, the insecticide (a) is selected from group comprising TRANSFORM™, FIDELITY™, TALAKON™, GONDOLA™, FLASH™, ISOCLAST® active, SEQUOIA™, TARGET™ 24, VERTER™, EXOR™, or CLOSER™.

[0021] In one aspect, provided herein a pesticidal composition comprising (b) at least one insecticide may be selected from the class of sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids and pyrethrins (IRAC Group 3A). In some embodiments, the insecticide (b) is selected from the class of sodium channel modulators comprising acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis- trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, / /7//?c/ -cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lA)-trans-isomers], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)- isomers], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau- fluvalinate, halfenprox, kadethrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(17?)-trans- isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin [(1 R)- isomers], tralomethrin, or transfluthrin. In some embodiments, the insecticide (b) from the class of sodium channel modulators from the class of pyrethroids is /zzzzzMa-cyhalothrin. In some embodiments, the insecticide (b) is mixture of (7?)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (lS,35)-cz.s-3-[(Z)-2-chloro-3 ,3 ,3- trifluoropropenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and (5)-a-cyano-3 -phenoxybenzyl (17?, 37?)-cz -3-[(Z)-2-chloro-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropenyl]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate. In some embodiments, the insecticide (b) is rel-(2-methyl[l,l'-biphenyl]-3-yl)m ethyl (17?,37?)-3- [(lZ)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-l-en-l-yl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-l-carboxylate. In some embodiments, the insecticide (b) is selected from group comprising FighterXtra® or Leontrin®.

[0022] In one aspect, provided herein is a pesticidal composition comprising the insecticides (a) and (b) at a weight ratio of (a):(b) from about 1 : 10 to about 10: 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of (a):(b) in the pesticidal composition is about 1 :10, about 1 :9, about 1 :8, about 1 :7, about 1 :6, about 1 :5, about 1:4, about 1:3, about 1:2, about 1 :1, about 2:9, about 2:7, about 2:5, about 2:3, about 2: 1, about 3: 10, about 3:8, about 3:7, about 3:5, about 3:4, about 3:2, about 3:1, about 4:9, about 4:7, about 4:5, about 4:3, about 4: 1, about 5:9, about 5:8, about 5:7, about 5:6, about 5:4, about 5:3, about 5:2, about 5: 1, about 6:7, about 6:5, about 6: 1, about 7: 10, about 7:9, about 7:8, about 7:6, about 7:5, about 7:4, about 7:3, about 7:2, about 7: 1, about 8:9, about 8:7, about 8:5, about 8:3, about 8: 1, about 9: 10, about 9:8, about 9:7, about 9:5, about 9:4, about 9:2, about 9: 1, about 10:9, about 10:7, about 10:3, or about 10: 1.

[0023] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of (a):(b) in the pesticidal composition is at least about 1 : 10, at least about 1 :9, at least about 1 :8, at least about 1 :7, at least about 1 :6, at least about 1 :5, at least about 1 :4, at least about 1 :3, at least about 1 :2, at least about 1 : 1, at least about 2:9, at least about 2:7, at least about 2:5, at least about 2:3, at least about 2: 1, at least about 3: 10, at least about 3:8, at least about 3:7, at least about 3:5, at least about 3:4, at least about 3:2, at least about 3: 1, at least about 4:9, at least about 4:7, at least about 4:5, at least about 4:3, at least about 4:1, at least about 5:9, at least about 5:8, at least about 5:7, at least about 5:6, at least about 5:4, at least about 5:3, at least about 5:2, at least about 5: 1, at least about 6:7, at least about 6:5, at least about 6: 1, at least about 7: 10, at least about 7:9, at least about 7:8, at least about 7:6, at least about 7:5, at least about 7:4, at least about 7:3, at least about 7:2, at least about 7: 1, at least about 8:9, at least about 8:7, at least about 8:5, at least about 8:3, at least about 8: 1, at least about 9: 10, at least about 9:8, at least about 9:7, at least about 9:5, at least about 9:4, at least about 9:2, at least about 9: 1, at least about 10:9, at least about 10:7, at least about 10:3, or at least about 10: 1.

[0024] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of (a):(b) in the pesticidal composition is at most about 1 : 10, at most about 1 :9, at most about 1 :8, at most about 1 :7, at most about 1 :6, at most about 1 :5, at most about 1 :4, at most about 1 :3, at most about 1 :2, at most about 1 : 1, at most about 2:9, at most about 2:7, at most about 2:5, at most about 2:3, at most about 2: 1, at most about 3 : 10, at most about 3:8, at most about 3:7, at most about 3:5, at most about 3 :4, at most about 3:2, at most about 3: 1, at most about 4:9, at most about 4:7, at most about 4:5, at most about 4:3, at most about 4: 1, at most about 5:9, at most about 5:8, at most about 5:7, at most about 5:6, at most about 5:4, at most about 5:3, at most about 5:2, at most about 5: 1, at most about 6:7, at most about 6:5, at most about 6: 1, at most about 7: 10, at most about 7:9, at most about 7:8, at most about 7:6, at most about 7:5, at most about 7:4, at most about 7:3, at most about 7:2, at most about 7: 1, at most about 8:9, at most about 8:7, at most about 8:5, at most about 8:3, at most about 8: 1, at most about 9: 10, at most about 9:8, at most about 9:7, at most about 9:5, at most about 9:4, at most about 9:2, at most about 9: 1, at most about 10:9, at most about 10:7, at most about 10:3, or at most about 10: 1.

[0025] In one aspect, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs. Stink bugs are named for their ability to produce a foul-smelling odor when threatened or crushed. There are many types of stink bugs in the world, belonging to the family Pentatomidae. In some embodiments, the stink bugs are one or more from neotropical brown stink bug (Euschistus heros), red-banded stink bug (Piezodorus guildinii), brown stink bug (Euschistus servus), southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula), green stink bug or green soldier bug (Chinavia hilaris), brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), spined soldier bug (Podisns maculiventris , harlequin bug (Murgantia histrionica), two-spotted stink bug (Perilhis bioculatus), red- shouldered stink bug (Thyanta custator), man-faced stink bug (Catacanthus incarnatus), rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax), twice-stabbed stink bug (Cosmopepla lintneriana), Say’s stink bug (Chlorochroa sayi), one-spotted stink bug (Euschistus variolar ius), Conchuela bug Chlorochroa ligata), bronze orange bug (Musgraveia sulciventris), or globular stink bug (Megacopta crib arid).

[0026] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. The insects controlled may be one or more from Heteroptera (true bugs). True bugs are insects that have piercing-sucking mouthparts and hemelytra, which are front wings that are leathery at the base and membranous at the tip. These insects can cause direct damage to plants, by sucking the sap from leaves, stems, pods, or seeds. These stink bugs can also inject toxic saliva into the plant tissues, causing discoloration and deformation. Some true bugs can also transmit fungal and bacterial diseases to plants. In some embodiments, true bugs comprise families of Pentatomidae (stink bugs), Coreidae (squash bugs and leaf-footed bugs), Miridae (plant bugs), or Alydidae (broad-headed bugs). In some embodiments, true bugs comprise Anasa tristis, Leptoglossus zonatus, Euschistus heros, Lygus lineolaris, Adelphocoris lineolatus, Neomegalotomus parvus, Alydus calcaratus, Riptortus linearis, or Bactrocoris confuses.

[0027] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, the insects are one or more from Sternorrhyncha (plant-sucking bugs). Plant-sucking bugs are insects that have piercing-sucking mouthparts and reduced or absent hind wings. These insects can cause direct damage to plants by reducing plant vigor, wilting, and distortion. They can also transmit viral diseases to plants. Some Sternorrhyncha can also produce honeydew, which attracts ants and sooty mold fungi. In some embodiments, plantsucking bugs comprise families of Aphididae (aphids), Aleyrodidae (whiteflies), Coccidae (soft scales), or Pseudococcidae (mealybugs). In some embodiments, plant-sucking bugs comprise soybean aphid Aphis glycines), Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia), sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari), artichoke aphid (Capitophorus elaeagni), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), black bean aphid Aphis fabae), Tupelo-blackjack aphid (Aphis coreopsidis), onion aphid (Neotoxoptera formosana), cannabis aphid (Phorodon cannabis), bulb-and-potato aphid (Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphori), shallot aphid (Myzus ascalonicus), silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporar iorum), citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi), rugose spiraling whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus), giant whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii), potato whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii), cotton whitelly (Bemisia tabaci biotype A), sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii), spiraling whitefly (Aleurodicus disperses), cassava whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype E), lecanium scale (Parthenolecanium corni), cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchase), European fruit lecanium (Parthenolecanium persicae), citrus mealybug (Pianococcus citri), longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus), or solenopsis mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis).

[0028] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, the insects are one or more from the order Hemiptera, comprising rice leafhopper (Nephotettix nigropictus), rice brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugeri), rice white backed plant hopper, apple mealy bug (Phenococcus aceris), bean aphid (Aphis fabae), black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii), citrus black scale (Saissetia oleae), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), Lipaphis erysimi, citrus red scale Aonidiella aurantii), yellow scale (Aonidiella citrine), citrus mealybug (Pianococcus citri), com leaf aphid (BJiopalosiphum maidis), cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), cotton jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttla), cotton mealybug (Pianococcus spp.), cotton mealybug (Pseudococcus spp.), cotton Stainer (Dysdercus suturellus), cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci), cowpea aphid (Aphis crassivora), grain aphid (Sitobion avenae), golden glow aphid (Uroleucon spp.), grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vapor ariomm), papaya mealybug (Pracoccus marginatus), pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), sugarcane mealybug (Saccharicoccus sacchari), potato aphid (Myzus persicae), potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), or mango hopper (Amritodus atkinsoni or Idioscopus spp.).

[0029] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, the insects are one or more from the order Lepidoptera, comprising soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens), velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zed), green cloverworm (Hypena scabra), painted lady (Vanessa cardui), old world bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), yellow striped army worm Spodoptera ornithogalli), southern army worm (Spodoptera eridania), saltmarsh caterpillar (Estigmene acred), woolly bear caterpillar (Pyrrharctia Isabella), garden webworm (Achyra rantalis), alfalfa webworm (Loxostege sticticalis), soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorelld), soybean leafminer (Acrocercops syngrammd), soybean leafroller (Omiodes indicata), soybean shoot borer (Epinotia aporemd), common armyworm (Mythimna unipuncta), Asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis), bean pod borer (Maruca vitrata), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilori), codling moth (Cydia pomonella), croton caterpillar (Achea janata), diamondback moth (Phitella xylostelld), cabbage worm (Pieris rapae), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), spotted bollworm (Earias vittella), rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), pink stem borer (Sesamia spp.), tobacco leaf eating caterpillar (Spodoptera litura), brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis), Maruca testulalis, armyworm (Mythimna separata), citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella), cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae), paddy stem borer (Scirpophaga excerptallis), Scirpophaga innotata, wheat stem borer (Sesamia infer ens , Sitotroga cerealella, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera littoralis, Tryporyza novella, or Tula absohita.

[0030] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, the insects are one or more from the order Coleoptera, comprising cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata), Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), Carabid beetles (Family: Carabidae), Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis), soybean aphid predator (Harmonia axyridis), Dectes stem borer (Dectes texanus), grape colaspis (Colaspis brunnea), soybean rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi), western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae), northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi), two-spotted lady beetle (Adalia bipunctata), seven-spotted lady beetle (Coccinella septempunctata), spotted lady beetle (Coleomegilla maculata), striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum), spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata), red sunflower seed weevil (Smicronyx fulvus), banded sunflower seed weevil (Smicronyx sordidus), sunflower stem weevil (Cylindrocopturus adspersus), apple twig borer (Amphicerus spp.), corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgiferd), cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteatd), boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea), grape rootworm (Fidia viticola), grape trunk borer (Clytoleptus albofasciatus), radish flea beetle (Phyllotreta armoraciae), maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Dicladispa armigera, Holotrichia consanguinea, or Holotrichia serrata.

[0031] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, the insects are one or more from the order Thysanoptera, comprising soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis), tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fused), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), eastern flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici), Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci , or Scirtothrips dorsalis.

[0032] In some embodiments, provided herein is a pesticidal composition for controlling insects. In some embodiments, the insects are one or more from the order Diptera, comprising soybean gall midge (Resseliella maxima), soybean stem fly (Melanagromyza sojae), bean fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli), bean seed fly (Delia platura), vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza sativae), Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., or Melanagromyza spp..

[0033] In one aspect, provided herein the pesticidal composition comprising (a) and/or (b) further comprises petroleum distillates. In some embodiments, petroleum distillates comprise mineral oil, naphtha, heavy fuel oil, waxes, or benzene. Mineral oil derived from petroleum is a clear, colorless, oily liquid that may be used in medicine, cosmetics, industry, and agriculture. In some embodiments, mineral oil derived from petroleum is used as a horticultural oil in the pesticidal composition (a) and/or (b). In some embodiments, mineral oil derived from petroleum is used as a lubricant, a coolant, a base oil, and a carrier for the pesticidal composition (a) and/or (b). In some embodiments, mineral oil can comprise white oil, paraffin oil, or petroleum jelly. [0034] In some embodiments, petroleum distillates further comprise the solvent naphtha, naphthalene, white gas, petroleum naphtha, spray oils, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petrolatum, benzol, phenol, aniline, or styrene.

[0035] In one aspect, provided herein the pesticidal composition comprising (a) and/or (b) further comprises xylene or xylene range aromatic solvents. Xylene or xylene range aromatic solvents are organic compounds that contain a benzene ring with two methyl groups attached to it. In some embodiments, xylene and/or other aromatic solvents are applied to dissolve or disperse the pesticidal composition (a) and/or (b). In some embodiments, xylene and/or other aromatic solvents are applied as carriers or adjuvants to facilitate the movement of the pesticidal composition (a) and/or (b) across the cuticle or membrane of the plant or pest tissue. In some embodiments, xylene and/or other aromatic solvents are applied to modify the volatility or evaporation rate of the insecticide formulation. In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition further comprises toluene or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

Sugar

[0036] Provided herein are pesticidal compositions comprising two active ingredients and (c) a sugar. In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition comprises the sugar selected from group comprising one or more of monosaccharides, di saccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, or combinations thereof.

[0037] A monosaccharide is a simple sugar and is the most basic unit of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides have the general formula (CIhOjx, where x is usually 3 or more. Monosaccharides can be classified by the number of carbon atoms they contain, or by the location and type of the carbonyl group (C=O) in their structure. Disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate that consists of two simple sugars joined by a glycosidic bond. Oligosaccharides are shorter chains of monosaccharides, usually between three and ten, that are linked by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides, usually more than a dozen, that can be linear or branched.

[0038] In some embodiments, the pesticidal composition comprises the sugar selected from glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, xylose, mannose, invert sugar, sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, trehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, isomaltose, turanose, melibiose, xylobiose, sophorose, mannobiose, raffinose, stachyose, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, gluco-oligosaccharides, lactulose-derived galacto-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, arabino-oligosaccharides, algae-derived marine oligosaccharides, pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides, malto-oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, starch, glycogen, cellulose, pectin, chitin, maltodextrin, sugarcane, dextrose, molasses, treacle, com steep liquid, or combination thereof.

[0039] In one aspect, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 20% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 20% to about 25%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 35%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 45%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 55%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 65%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 75%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 85%, or from about 20% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 25% to about 30%, from about 25% to about 35%, from about 25% to about 40%, from about 25% to about 45%, from about 25% to about 50%, from about

25% to about 55%, from about 25% to about 60%, from about 25% to about 65%, from about

25% to about 70%, from about 25% to about 75%, from about 25% to about 80%, from about

25% to about 85%, or from about 25% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 30% to about 35%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 45%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 55%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 65%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 75%, from about 30% to about 80%, from about 30% to about 85%, or from about 30% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 35% to about 40%, from about 35% to about 45%, from about 35% to about 50%, from about 35% to about 55%, from about 35% to about 60%, from about 35% to about 65%, from about 35% to about 70%, from about 35% to about 75%, from about 35% to about 80%, from about 35% to about 85%, or from about 35% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 40% to about 45%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 40% to about 55%, from about 40% to about 60%, from about 40% to about 65%, from about 40% to about 70%, from about 40% to about 75%, from about 40% to about 80%, from about 40% to about 85%, or from about 40% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 45% to about 50%, from about 45% to about 55%, from about 45% to about 60%, from about 45% to about 65%, from about 45% to about 70%, from about 45% to about 75%, from about 45% to about 80%, from about 45% to about 85%, or from about 45% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 50% to about 55%, from about 50% to about 60%, from about 50% to about 65%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 50% to about 75%, from about 50% to about 80%, from about 50% to about 85%, or from about 50% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 55% to about 60%, from about 55% to about 65%, from about 55% to about 70%, from about 55% to about 75%, from about 55% to about 80%, from about 55% to about 85%, or from about 55% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 60% to about 65%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 60% to about 75%, from about 60% to about 80%, from about 60% to about 85%, or from about 60% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 65% to about 70%, from about 65% to about 75%, from about 65% to about 80%, from about 65% to about 85%, or from about 65% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 70% to about 75%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, or from about 70% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 75% to about 80%, from about 75% to about 85%, or from about 75% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 80% to about 85%, or from about 80% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar from about 85% to about 90% by weight.

[0040] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or at least about 90% by weight.

[0041] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising the sugar about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, or about 90% by weight.

[0042] In one aspect, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of a:b:c from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:1000. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of from about from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:10, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:15, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:20, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:25, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:30, from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:40, from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5: 5 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1: 1.5:5 to about 1 : 1.5 : 700, from about 1 : 1.5 : 5 to about 1 : 1.5 : 800, from about 1 : 1.5 : 5 to about 1 : 1.5 : 1000, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:15, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:20, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:25, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:30, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:40, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1 : 1.5: 10 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1 : 1.5: 10 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:20, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:25, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:30, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:40, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:10 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:15 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:25, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:30, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:40, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:20 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:30, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:40, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:25 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:40, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:30 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:50, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:400, from about

1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:40 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:100, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:50 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:150, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:100 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:150 to about 1:1.5:200, from about 1:1.5:150 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:150 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:150 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5: 150 to about 1: 1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:150 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5: 150 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:150 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:300, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:200 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:300 to about 1:1.5:400, from about 1:1.5:300 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:300 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:300 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:300 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:300 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:400 to about 1:1.5:500, from about 1:1.5:400 to about 1: 1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:400 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:400 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:400 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:500 to about 1:1.5:600, from about 1:1.5:500 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:500 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:500 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:600 to about 1:1.5:700, from about 1:1.5:600 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:600 to about 1:1.5:1000, from about 1:1.5:700 to about 1:1.5:800, from about 1:1.5:700 to about 1:1.5: 1000, or from about 1:1.5:800 to about 1:1.5:1000.

[0043] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of at least about 1:1.5:5, at least about 1:1.5:10, at least about 1:1.5:15, at least about 1:1.5:20, at least about 1:1.5:25, at least about 1 : 1.5:30, at least about 1:1.5:40, at least about 1:1.5:50, at least about 1:1.5:100, at least about 1:1.5:150, at least about 1:1.5:200, at least about 1:1.5:300, at least about 1:1.5:400, at least about 1:1.5:500, at least about 1:1.5:600, atleast about 1:1.5:700, atleast about 1:1.5:800, or at least about 1:1.5:1000.

[0044] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of about 1:1.5:5, about 1:1.5:10, about 1:1.5:15, about 1:1.5:20, about 1:1.5:30, about 1:1.5:40, about 1:1.5:50, about 1:1.5:100, about 1:1.5:150, about 1:1.5:200, about 1:1.5:300, about 1:1.5:400, about 1:1.5:500, about 1:1.5:600, about 1:1.5:700, about 1:1.5:800, or about 1:1.5:1000.

[0045] In one aspect, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of a:b:c from about 1 :3 :5 to about 1 :3 : 1000. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of from about from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:10, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:15, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:20, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:25, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:30, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:40, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:5 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:15, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:20, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:25, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:30, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:40, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:10 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:20, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:25, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:30, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:40, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:15 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:25, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:30, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:40, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:20 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:30, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:40, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:25 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:40, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:30 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:50, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:40 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:100, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:50 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:50 to about 1 :3:1000, from about 1 :3: 100 to about 1:3:150, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:100 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:200, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:150 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:300, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:200 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:300 to about 1:3:400, from about 1:3:300 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:300 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:300 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:300 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:300 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:400 to about 1:3:500, from about 1:3:400 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:400 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:400 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:400 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:500 to about 1:3:600, from about 1:3:500 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:500 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:500 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:600 to about 1:3:700, from about 1:3:600 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:600 to about 1:3:1000, from about 1:3:700 to about 1:3:800, from about 1:3:700 to about 1:3:1000, or from about 1:3:800 to about 1:3:1000.

[0046] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of at least about 1:3:5, at least about 1 :3 : 10, at least about 1:3:15, at least about 1:3:20, at least about 1:3:25, at least about 1:3:30, at least about 1:3:40, at least about 1:3:50, at least about 1:3:100, at least about 1:3:150, at least about 1:3:200, at least about 1 :3:300, at least about 1:3:400, at least about 1:3:500, at least about 1:3:600, at least about 1:3:700, at least about 1:3:800, or at least about 1:3:1000.

[0047] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of about 1:3:5, about 1:3: 10, about 1:3:15, about 1:3:20, about 1:3:30, about 1:3:40, about 1:3:50, about 1:3:100, about 1:3:150, about 1:3:200, about 1:3:300, about 1:3:400, about 1:3:500, about 1:3:600, about 1:3:700, about 1:3:800, or about 1:3:1000.

[0048] In one aspect, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of a:b:c from about 1 : 1.2:5 to about 1 : 1.2: 1000. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of from about from about 1:1.2: 5 to about 1:1.2:10, from about 1 : 1.2:5 to about 1 : 1.2: 15, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:20, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:25, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:30, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:40, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2: 5 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1: 1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:5 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2: 10 to about 1 : 1.2: 15, from about 1 : 1.2: 10 to about 1 : 1.2:20, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:25, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:30, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:40, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1 : 1.2: 10 to about 1 : 1.2:600, from about 1 : 1.2: 10 to about 1 : 1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:20, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:25, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:30, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:40, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:10 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:15 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:25, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:30, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:40, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1 : 1.2:20 to about 1 : 1.2:300, from about 1 : 1.2:20 to about 1 : 1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:20 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:30, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:40, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:25 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:40, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:30 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:50, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:40 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:100, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:50 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:150, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:100 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:200, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:150 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1:1.2:300, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1 : 1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:200 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:300 to about 1:1.2:400, from about 1:1.2:300 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:300 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:300 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:300 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:300 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:400 to about 1:1.2:500, from about 1:1.2:400 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:400 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:400 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:400 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:500 to about 1:1.2:600, from about 1:1.2:500 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:500 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:500 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:600 to about 1:1.2:700, from about 1:1.2:600 to about 1:1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:600 to about 1:1.2:1000, from about 1:1.2:700 to about 1 : 1.2:800, from about 1:1.2:700 to about 1:1.2:1000, or from about 1:1.2:800 to about 1:1.2:1000.

[0049] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of at least about 1:1.2:5, at least about 1:1.2:10, at least about 1:1.2:15, at least about 1:1.2:20, at least about 1:1.2:25, at least about 1:1.2:30, at least about 1:1.2:40, at least about 1:1.2:50, atleast about 1:1.2:100, at least about 1:1.2:150, atleast about 1:1.2:200, at least about 1:1.2:300, at least about 1:1.2:400, at least about 1:1.2:500, atleast about 1:1.2:600, at least about 1:1.2:700, at least about 1:1.2:800, or at least about 1:1.2:1000.

[0050] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising (a), (b), and (c) at a weight ratio of about 1:1.2:5, about 1:1.2:10, about 1:1.2:15, about 1:1.2:20, about 1:1.2:30, about 1:1.2:40, about 1:1.2:50, about 1:1.2:100, about 1:1.2:150, about 1:1.2:200, about 1:1.2:300, about 1:1.2:400, about 1:1.2:500, about 1:1.2:600, about 1:1.2:700, about 1:1.2:800, or about 1:1.2:1000.

[0051] In one aspect, provided herein the pesticidal composition (c) further comprises anti-freezing agents, diluent agents, dispersants, flow aid agents, thickening agents, bee repellents or combinations thereof.

[0052] Anti-freezing agent may function as a substance that lowers the freezing point of a liquid, such as water, to prevent it from freezing at low temperatures. Anti-freezing agents may be applied to help prevent the solution from freezing and losing its effectiveness when sprayed on crops or stored in cold environments. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising anti-freezing agents including ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propane diols, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerin, urea, magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, or sodium chloride.

[0053] A dispersant or a dispersing agent may function as a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps preserve the state of dispersion of the particles to prevent them from re-aggregating. Dispersants may be added to pesticidal composition formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. Dispersants may be used in formulations of wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules.

[0054] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising dispersants including surfactants, i.e., surface-active compounds, comprising anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, ethoxylated fatty alcohols or their esters, ethoxylated-propoxylated fatty alcohols or their esters, fatty alcohol methyl esters, fatty alcohol methyl ester ethoxylates, EO-PO block copolymers, alkylpolyglucosides, polyelectrolytes, or mixtures thereof.

[0055] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising anionic surfactants including alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, or mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of sulfonates comprise alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, ligno-sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids or oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes or alkyl naphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.

[0056] In some embodiments, provided herein the pesticidal composition comprising nonionic surfactants comprise alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, or mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of alkoxylates comprise alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising nonionic surfactants comprise Tween® 20, Tween® 40, Tween® 60, or Tween® 80. Non-limiting examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides comprise fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Non-limiting examples of esters comprise fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Non-limiting examples of sugar-based surfactants comprise sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose esters, glucose esters or alkyl-polyglucosides. Non-limiting examples of polymeric surfactants comprise homo- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.

[0057] In some embodiments, provided herein is the pesticidal composition comprising cationic surfactants including quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.

[0058] In some embodiments, provided herein the pesticidal composition comprising surfactants including alkyl betaines, imidazolines, block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, block polymers of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers, polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.

[0059] In some embodiments, dispersants or dispersing agents used in the pesticidal composition herein comprise naphthalene sulfonic acid, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO block copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6- tri styrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyryl phenol with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fatty amine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycol ether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide, polyesters, polyamides, poly-carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylic polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch or cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate or vinylpyrrolidone polymers or copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins or define copolymers and/or mixtures thereof. [0060] A thickener may be applied to a pesticidal composition to increase the viscosity of the insecticide spray solution. A thickener may be applied to improve the stability, coverage, and retention of the spray droplets on the target surface. A thickener may be applied to reduce the risk of spray drift, runoff, and evaporation.

[0061] Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulations of suspension concentrates, emulsions, and suspo-emulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. In some embodiments, thickeners used in the pesticidal composition herein comprise xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, polyvinylpyrrolidons (PVP), polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, gelatin, carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, modified starch attapulgite clay, or bentonite clay.

[0062] A flow aid agent may be applied to the pesticidal composition as a substance to help improve the flowability and dispersibility. Flow enhancing agents may be used to reduce the tendency of the formulation to clump, cake, or stick to the container or the application equipment. Anti-sticking agents may also be used to enhance the mixing and spraying of the formulation by preventing the settling or separation of the active ingredient.

[0063] In some embodiments, flow aid agents used in the pesticidal composition herein comprise one or more of olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, com oil, rice bran oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, alkyl ester of vegetable oils, (e.g. rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, neem oil, tall oil fatty acids esters), diesel, mineral oil, fatty acid amides (e.g. C1-C3 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with C6-C8 carboxylic acids), fatty acids, tall oil fatty acids, or alkyl esters of fatty acids.

[0064] In some embodiments, flow aid agents used in the pesticidal composition herein comprise one or more of diatomaceous earth, attapulgite, zeolites, dolomite, limestone, kaolinite (china clay), silica, fly ash, hydrated lime, wheat flour, wood flour, soy flour, ground wheat straw, corn starch, cellulose, cellulose granules, bentonite, kaolin, talc, muscovite mica, aluminum silicate, perlite, urea, sulfur-coated urea, isobutylidene diurea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, triple super phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium metaphosphate, potassium chloride, dipotassium carbonate, potassium oxide, calcium silicate, magnesium stearate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate anhydrous, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, lactose anhydrous, citric acid, succinic acid, or phosphoric acid.

[0065] Diluent agents may be applied to the pesticidal composition to dissolve or dilute the active ingredient and make it easier to apply. Solvent may be applied to the pesticidal composition to affect the effectiveness, safety, and stability of the pesticidal formulation.

[0066] In some embodiments, diluent agents in the pesticidal composition herein comprise water, petroleum-based solvents, or organic liquid not derived from crude oil. In some embodiments, diluent agents in the pesticidal composition herein comprise hydrocarbon solvent comprising one or more of an aliphatic, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalene or their derivatives, mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point (such as kerosene, diesel oil, or coal tar oils)). In some embodiments, diluent agents in the pesticidal composition herein comprise one or more of vegetable oil including corn oil or rapeseed oil; a fatty acid ester including Cl-ClO-alkylester of a C10-C22-fatty acid; or methyl- or ethyl esters of vegetable oils including rapeseed oil methyl ester or corn oil methyl ester. In some embodiments, diluent agents in the pesticidal composition herein comprise one or more of acetophenone, 2-heptanone , 3-heptanone, 2-hexanone, 5- methyl-2-hexanone, 5-methyl-3-heptanone, 3 -methyl -2-hexanone, 4-methyl-2-hexanone, 2- methyl-3 -hexanone, 4-methy 1-3 -hexanone, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, 3-ethyl-2-pentanone, 3,3- dimethyl-2-pentanone, 3,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentanone, 2,2-dimethyl-3- pentanone, 2, 4-dimethyl-3 -pentanone, 2-octanone, 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexanone, 2,2-dimethyl-3- hexanone, 3,3-dimethyl-2-hexanone, 3,4-dimethyl-2-hexanone, 4,4-dimethyl-3-hexanone , 3- ethyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-methyl -3-heptanone, 2-methyl-4-heptanone, 3-methyl-2- heptanone, 3-methyl-4-heptanone, 5-methyl-3-heptanone, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, 6- methyl-3- heptanone, 3-octanone, 4-octanone, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-pentanone, 3-ethyl-3-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-heptanone, or isoprene.

[0067] In some embodiments, diluent agents in the pesticidal composition herein comprise water soluble alcohols or dihydroxy alcohol ethers. Non-limiting examples of water- soluble alcohol, lower alcohol (1-4 carbon atoms) or macromolecular alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, //-propanol, isopropanol, //-butanol, tert-butanol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, or glucitol. Non-limiting examples of dihydroxy alcohol ethers comprise dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. Non-limiting examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, di-propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, di-propylene glycol ethyl ether. Non-limiting examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, di-propylene glycol phenyl ether, or the like. Any of the above-mentioned solvents can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

[0068] In another aspect, provided herein is the pesticidal composition further comprising a bee repellent. The bee repellent may be applied to minimize pesticidal impact on bees. Bee repellents may work through the sense of smell. They may contain chemicals or natural substances that emit odors unpleasant to bees. In some embodiments, the bee repellent in the pesticidal composition herein comprises icaridin (Picaridin), DEET, ammonium acetate, p- menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), 2-heptanone, isoamyl acetate, vinegar, or peppermint oil.

Formulation and effective amount of pesticidal composition

[0069] In another aspect, provided herein is the pesticidal composition formulated in forms comprising liquid, concentrated baits, granules or powder. In some embodiments, formulation of the pesticidal composition provided herein comprises emulsifiable concentrate (EC), wettable granule (WG), water dispersible granule (WDG), suspension concentrate (SC), capsule suspension (CS), controlled released granule, oil dispersion, or suspo-emulsion.

[0070] In another aspect, provided herein a method of controlling stink bugs comprises contacting vegetation or the locus thereof with an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs. The effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying sulfoxaflor from about 5 g/ha to about 100 g/ha. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying sulfoxaflor about 5 g/ha, about 6 g/ha, about 7 g/ha, about 8 g/ha, about 9 g/ha, about 10 g/ha, about 11 g/ha, about 12 g/ha, about 13 g/ha, about 14 g/ha, about 15 g/ha, about 16 g/ha, about 17 g/ha, about 18 g/ha, about 19 g/ha, about 20 g/ha, about 22 g/ha, about 24 g/ha, about 26 g/ha, about 28 g/ha, about 30 g/ha, about 35 g/ha, about 40 g/ha, about 45 g/ha, about 50 g/ha, about 55 g/ha, about 60 g/ha, about 70 g/ha, about 80 g/ha, about 90 g/ha, or about 100 g/ha.

[0071] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying sulfoxaflor at least about 5 g/ha, at least about 6 g/ha, at least about 7 g/ha, at least about 8 g/ha, at least about 9 g/ha, at least about 10 g/ha, at least about 11 g/ha, at least about 12 g/ha, at least about 13 g/ha, at least about 14 g/ha, at least about 15 g/ha, at least about 16 g/ha, at least about 17 g/ha, at least about 18 g/ha, at least about 19 g/ha, at least about 20 g/ha, at least about 22 g/ha, at least about 24 g/ha, at least about 26 g/ha, at least about 28 g/ha, at least about 30 g/ha, at least about 35 g/ha, at least about 40 g/ha, at least about 45 g/ha, at least about 50 g/ha, at least about 55 g/ha, at least about 60 g/ha, at least about 70 g/ha, at least about 80 g/ha, at least about 90 g/ha, at least about 100 g/ha.

[0072] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying sulfoxaflor at most about 100 g/ha, at most about 90 g/ha, at most about 80 g/ha, at most about 70 g/ha, at most about 60 g/ha, at most about 55 g/ha, at most about 50 g/ha, at most about 45 g/ha, at most about 40 g/ha, at most about 35 g/ha, at most about 30 g/ha, at most about 28 g/ha, at most about 26 g/ha, at most about 24 g/ha, at most about 22 g/ha, at most about 20 g/ha, at most about 19 g/ha, at most about 18 g/ha, at most about 17 g/ha, at most about 16 g/ha, at most about 15 g/ha, at most about 14 g/ha, at most about 13 g/ha, at most about 12 g/ha, at most about 11 g/ha, at most about 10 g/ha, at most about 9 g/ha, at most about 8 g/ha, at most about 7 g/ha, at most about 6 g/ha, or at most about 5 g/ha.

[0073] In another aspect, provided herein a method of controlling stink bugs comprises contacting vegetation or the locus thereof with an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs. The effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying ZamZ>tZa-cyhalothrin from about 5 g/ha to about 150 g/ha. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying /rz/wWa-cyhalothrin about 5 g/ha, about 6 g/ha, about 7 g/ha, about 8 g/ha, about 9 g/ha, about 10 g/ha, about 11 g/ha, about 12 g/ha, about 13 g/ha, about 14 g/ha, about 15 g/ha, about 16 g/ha, about 17 g/ha, about 18 g/ha, about 19 g/ha, about 20 g/ha, about 22 g/ha, about 24 g/ha, about 26 g/ha, about 28 g/ha, about 30 g/ha, about 35 g/ha, about 40 g/ha, about 45 g/ha, about 50 g/ha, about 55 g/ha, about 60 g/ha, about 70 g/ha, about 80 g/ha, about 90 g/ha, about 100 g/ha, about 110 g/ha, about 120 g/ha, about 130 g/ha, about 140 g/ha, or about 150 g/ha,.

[0074] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying ZamZ><7<a-cyhalothrin at least about 5 g/ha, at least about 6 g/ha, at least about 7 g/ha, at least about 8 g/ha, at least about 9 g/ha, at least about 10 g/ha, at least about 11 g/ha, at least about 12 g/ha, at least about 13 g/ha, at least about 14 g/ha, at least about 15 g/ha, at least about

16 g/ha, at least about 17 g/ha, at least about 18 g/ha, at least about 19 g/ha, at least about 20 g/ha, at least about 22 g/ha, at least about 24 g/ha, at least about 26 g/ha, at least about 28 g/ha, at least about 30 g/ha, at least about 35 g/ha, at least about 40 g/ha, at least about 45 g/ha, at least about 50 g/ha, at least about 55 g/ha, at least about 60 g/ha, at least about 70 g/ha, at least about 80 g/ha, at least about 90 g/ha, at least about 100 g/ha, at least about 110 g/ha, at least about 120 g/ha, at least about 130 g/ha, at least about 140 g/ha, or at least about 150 g/ha.

[0075] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying ZamZ>tZa-cyhalothrin at most about 150 g/ha, at most about 140 g/ha, at most about 130 g/ha, at most about 120 g/ha, at most about 110 g/ha, at most about 100 g/ha, at most about 90 g/ha, at most about 80 g/ha, at most about 70 g/ha, at most about 60 g/ha, at most about 55 g/ha, at most about 50 g/ha, at most about 45 g/ha, at most about 40 g/ha, at most about 35 g/ha, at most about 30 g/ha, at most about 28 g/ha, at most about 26 g/ha, at most about 24 g/ha, at most about 22 g/ha, at most about 20 g/ha, at most about 19 g/ha, at most about 18 g/ha, at most about

17 g/ha, at most about 16 g/ha, at most about 15 g/ha, at most about 14 g/ha, at most about 13 g/ha, at most about 12 g/ha, at most about 11 g/ha, at most about 10 g/ha, at most about 9 g/ha, at most about 8 g/ha, at most about 7 g/ha, at most about 6 g/ha, or at most about 5 g/ha.

[0076] In another aspect, provided herein a method of controlling stink bugs comprises contacting vegetation or the locus thereof an effective amount of the pesticidal composition sufficient to control stink bugs. The effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying bifenthrin from about 5 g/ha to about 300 g/ha. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying bifenthrin about 5 g/ha, about 6 g/ha, about

7 g/ha, about 8 g/ha, about 9 g/ha, about 10 g/ha, about 11 g/ha, about 12 g/ha, about 13 g/ha, about 14 g/ha, about 15 g/ha, about 16 g/ha, about 17 g/ha, about 18 g/ha, about 19 g/ha, about 20 g/ha, about 22 g/ha, about 24 g/ha, about 26 g/ha, about 28 g/ha, about 30 g/ha, about 35 g/ha, about 40 g/ha, about 45 g/ha, about 50 g/ha, about 55 g/ha, about 60 g/ha, about 70 g/ha, about 80 g/ha, about 90 g/ha, about 100 g/ha, about 110 g/ha, about 120 g/ha, about 130 g/ha, about 140 g/ha, about 150 g/ha, about 160 g/ha, about 180 g/ha, about 200 g/ha, about 220 g/ha, about 240 g/ha, about 260 g/ha, about 280 g/ha, or about 300 g/ha.

[0077] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying bifenthrin at least about 5 g/ha, at least about 6 g/ha, at least about 7 g/ha, at least about

8 g/ha, at least about 9 g/ha, at least about 10 g/ha, at least about 11 g/ha, at least about 12 g/ha, at least about 13 g/ha, at least about 14 g/ha, at least about 15 g/ha, at least about 16 g/ha, at least about 17 g/ha, at least about 18 g/ha, at least about 19 g/ha, at least about 20 g/ha, at least about 22 g/ha, at least about 24 g/ha, at least about 26 g/ha, at least about 28 g/ha, at least about 30 g/ha, at least about 35 g/ha, at least about 40 g/ha, at least about 45 g/ha, at least about 50 g/ha, at least about 55 g/ha, at least about 60 g/ha, at least about 70 g/ha, at least about 80 g/ha, at least about 90 g/ha, at least about 100 g/ha, at least about 110 g/ha, at least about 120 g/ha, at least about 130 g/ha, at least about 140 g/ha, at least about 150 g/ha, at least about 160 g/ha, at least about 180 g/ha, at least about 200 g/ha, at least about 220 g/ha, at least about 240 g/ha, at least about 260 g/ha, at least about 280 g/ha, or at least about 300 g/ha.

[0078] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition comprises applying bifenthrin at most about 300 g/ha, at most about 280 g/ha, at most about 260 g/ha, at most about 240 g/ha, at most about 220 g/ha, at most about 200 g/ha, at most about 180 g/ha, at most about 160 g/ha, at most about 150 g/ha, at most about 140 g/ha, at most about 130 g/ha, at most about 120 g/ha, at most about 110 g/ha, at most about 100 g/ha, at most about 90 g/ha, at most about 80 g/ha, at most about 70 g/ha, at most about 60 g/ha, at most about 55 g/ha, at most about 50 g/ha, at most about 45 g/ha, at most about 40 g/ha, at most about 35 g/ha, at most about 30 g/ha, at most about 28 g/ha, at most about 26 g/ha, at most about 24 g/ha, at most about 22 g/ha, at most about 20 g/ha, at most about 19 g/ha, at most about 18 g/ha, at most about 17 g/ha, at most about 16 g/ha, at most about 15 g/ha, at most about 14 g/ha, at most about 13 g/ha, at most about 12 g/ha, at most about 11 g/ha, at most about 10 g/ha, at most about 9 g/ha, at most about 8 g/ha, at most about 7 g/ha, at most about 6 g/ha, or at most about 5 g/ha.

[0079] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the anti-freezing agents at from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the anti -freezing agents at about 0.2%, at about 0.3%, at about 0.4%, at about 0.5%, at about 0.6%, at about 0.7%, at about 0.8%, at about 0.9%, at about 1.0%, at about 1.2%, at about 1.4%, at about 1.6%, at about 1.8%, at about 2.0%, at about 2.5%, at about 3.0%, at about 3.5%, at about 4.0%, at about 4.5%, or at about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the anti-freezing agents at least about 0.2%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.4%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.6%, at least about 0.7%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 0.9%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 1.2%, at least about 1.4%, at least about 1.6%, at least about 1.8%, at least about 2.0%, at least about 2.5%, at least about 3.0%, at least about 3.5%, at least about 4.0%, at least about 4.5%, or at least about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the anti-freezing agents at most about 5.0%, at most about 4.5%, at most about 4.0%, at most about 3.5%, at most about 3.0%, at most about 2.5%, at most about 2.0%, at most about 1.8%, at most about 1.6%, at most about 1.4%, at most about 1.2%, at most about 1.0%, at most about 0.9%, at most about 0.8%, at most about 0.7%, at most about 0.6%, at most about 0.5%, at most about 0.4%, at most about 0.3%, or at most about 0.2% by weight. [0080] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the diluent agents at from about 10% to about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the diluent agents at about 10%, at about 12%, at about 14%, at about 16%, at about 18%, at about 20%, at about 22%, at about 24%, at about 26%, at about 28%, at about 30%, at about 32%, at about 34%, at about 36%, at about 38%, at about 40%, at about 42%, at about 44%, at about 46%, at about 48%, at about 50%, at about 52%, at about 54%, at about 56%, at about 58%, at about 60%, at about 62%, at about 64%, at about 66%, at about 68%, at about 70%, at about 72%, at about 74%, at about 76%, at about 78%, at about 80%, at about 82%, at about 84%, at about 86%, at about 88%, or at about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the diluent agents at least about 10%, at least about 12%, at least about 14%, at least about 16%, at least about 18%, at least about 20%, at least about 22%, at least about 24%, at least about 26%, at least about 28%, at least about 30%, at least about 32%, at least about 34%, at least about 36%, at least about 38%, at least about 40%, at least about 42%, at least about 44%, at least about 46%, at least about 48%, at least about 50%, at least about 52%, at least about 54%, at least about 56%, at least about 58%, at least about 60%, at least about 62%, at least about 64%, at least about 66%, at least about 68%, at least about 70%, at least about 72%, at least about 74%, at least about 76%, at least about 78%, at least about 80%, at least about 82%, at least about 84%, at least about 86%, at least about 88%, or at least about 90% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the diluent agents at most about 90%, at most about 88%, at most about 86%, at most about 84%, at most about 82%, at most about 80%, at most about 78%, at most about 76%, at most about 74%, at most about 72%, at most about 70%, at most about 68%, at most about 66%, at most about 64%, at most about 62%, at most about 60%, at most about 58%, at most about 56%, at most about 54%, at most about 42%, at most about 50%, at most about 48%, at most about 46%, at most about 44%, at most about 42%, at most about 40%, at most about 38%, at most about 36%, at most about 34%, at most about 32%, at most about 30%, at most about 28%, at most about 26%, at most about 24%, at most about 22%, at most about 20%, at most about 18%, at most about 16%, at most about 14%, at most about 12%, or at most about 10% by weight.

[0081] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the dispersants at from about 0.0% to about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the dispersants at about 0%, at about 0.1%, at about 0.2%, at about 0.3%, at about 0.4%, at about 0.5%, at about 0.6%, at about 0.7%, at about 0.8%, at about 0.9%, at about 1.0%, at about 1.1%, at about 1.2%, at about 1.3%, at about 1.4%, at about 1.5%, at about 1.6%, at about 1.7%, at about 1.8%, at about 1.9%, at about 2.0%, at about 2.2%, at about 2.4%, at about 2.6%, at about 2.8%, at about 3.0%, at about 3.2%, at about 3.4%, at about 3.6%, at about 3.8%, at about 4.0%, at about 4.2%, at about 4.4%, at about 4.6%, at about 4.8%, or at about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the dispersants at least about 0.1%, at least about 0.2%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.4%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.6%, at least about 0.7%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 0.9%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 1.1%, at least about 1.2%, at least about 1.3%, at least about 1.4%, at least about 1.5%, at least about 1.6%, at least about 1.7%, at least about 1.8%, at least about 1.9%, at least about 2.0%, at least about 2.2%, at least about 2.4%, at least about 2.6%, at least about 2.8%, at least about 3.0%, at least about 3.2%, at least about 3.4%, at least about 3.6%, at least about 3.8%, at least about 4.0%, at least about 4.2%, at least about 4.4%, at least about 4.6%, at least about 4.8%, or at least about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the dispersants at most about 5.0%, at most about 4.8%, at most about 4.6%, at most about 4.4%, at most about 4.2%, at most about 4.0%, at most about 3.8%, at most about 3.6%, at most about 3.4%, at most about 3.2%, at most about 3.0%, at most about 2.8%, at most about 2.6%, at most about 2.4%, at most about 2.2%, at most about 2.0%, at most about 1.9%, at most about 1.8%, at most about 1.7%, at most about 1.6%, at most about 1.5%, at most about 1.4%, at most about 1.3%, at most about 1.2%, at most about 1.1%, at most about 1.0%, at most about 0.9%, at most about 0.8%, at most about 0.7%, at most about 0.6%, at most about 0.5%, at most about 0.4%, at most about 0.3%, at most about 0.2%, or at most about 0.1% by weight.

[0082] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the flow aid agents at from about 0% to about 1% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the flow aid agents at about 0%, at about 0.05%, at about 0.10%, at about 0.15%, at about 0.20%, at about 0.25%, at about 0.30%, at about 0.35%, at about 0.40%, at about 0.45%, at about 0.50%, at about 0.55%, at about 0.60%, at about 0.65%, at about 0.70%, at about 0.75%, at about 0.80%, at about 0.85%, at about 0.90%, at about 0.95%, or at about 1.00% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the flow aid agents at least about 0.05%, at least about 0.10%, at least about 0.15%, at least about 0.20%, at least about 0.25%, at least about 0.30%, at least about 0.35%, at least about 0.40%, at least about 0.45%, at least about 0.50%, at least about 0.55%, at least about 0.60%, at least about 0.65%, at least about 0.70%, at least about 0.75%, at least about 0.80%, at least about 0.85%, at least about 0.90%, at least about 0.95%, or at least about 1.00% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the flow aid agents at most about 1.00%, at most about 0.95%, at most about 0.90%, at most about 0.85%, at most about 0.80%, at most about 0.75%, at most about 0.70%, at most about 0.65%, at most about 0.60%, at most about 0.55%, at most about 0.50%, at most about 0.45%, at most about 0.40%, at most about 0.35%, at most about 0.30%, at most about 0.25%, at most about 0.20%, at most about 0.15%, at most about 0.10%, or at most about 0.05% by weight.

[0083] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the thickening agents at from about 0% to 1.5% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the thickening agents at about 0%, at about 0.05%, at about 0.10%, at about 0.15%, at about 0.20%, at about 0.25%, at about 0.30%, at about 0.35%, at about 0.40%, at about 0.45%, at about 0.50%, at about 0.55%, at about 0.60%, at about 0.65%, at about 0.70%, at about 0.75%, at about 0.80%, at about 0.85%, at about 0.90%, at about 0.95%, at about 1.00%, at about 1.10%, at about 1.20%, at about 1.30%, at about 1.40, or at about 1.50% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the thickening agents at least about 0.05%, at least about 0.10%, at least about 0.15%, at least about 0.20%, at least about 0.25%, at least about 0.30%, at least about 0.35%, at least about 0.40%, at least about 0.45%, at least about 0.50%, at least about 0.55%, at least about 0.60%, at least about 0.65%, at least about 0.70%, at least about 0.75%, at least about 0.80%, at least about 0.85%, at least about 0.90%, at least about 0.95%, at least about 1.00%, at least about 1.10%, at least about 1.20%, at least about 1.30%, at least about 1.40%, or at least about 1.50% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the thickening agents at most about 1.50%, at most about 1.40%, at most about 1.30%, at most about 1.20%, at most about 1.10%, at most about 1.00%, at most about 0.95%, at most about 0.90%, at most about 0.85%, at most about 0.80%, at most about 0.75%, at most about 0.70%, at most about 0.65%, at most about 0.60%, at most about 0.55%, at most about 0.55%, at most about 0.45%, at most about 0.40%, at most about 0.35%, at most about 0.30%, at most about 0.25%, at most about 0.20%, at most about 0.15%, at most about 0.10%, or at most about 0.05% by weight.

[0084] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the bee repellent at from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the bee repellent at about 0.2%, at about 0.3%, at about 0.4%, at about 0.5%, at about 0.6%, at about 0.7%, at about 0.8%, at about 0.9%, at about 1.0%, at about 1.2%, at about 1.4%, at about 1.6%, at about 1.8%, at about 2.0%, at about 2.5%, at about 3.0%, at about 3.5%, at about 4.0%, at about 4.5%, or at about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the bee repellent at least about 0.2%, at least about 0.3%, at least about 0.4%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 0.6%, at least about 0.7%, at least about 0.8%, at least about 0.9%, at least about 1.0%, at least about 1.2%, at least about 1.4%, at least about 1.6%, at least about 1.8%, at least about 2.0%, at least about 2.5%, at least about 3.0%, at least about 3.5%, at least about 4.0%, at least about 4.5%, or at least about 5.0% by weight. In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the bee repellent at most about 5.0%, at most about 4.5%, at most about 4.0%, at most about 3.5%, at most about 3.0%, at most about 2.5%, at most about 2.0%, at most about 1.8%, at most about 1.6%, at most about 1.4%, at most about 1.2%, at most about 1.0%, at most about 0.9%, at most about 0.8%, at most about 0.7%, at most about 0.6%, at most about 0.5%, at most about 0.4%, at most about 0.3%, or at most about 0.2% by weight.

EXAMPLES

[0085] The following examples further illustrate the invention but, of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope.

Example 1: Formulation of COMP-1 and Probes 17 and 18,

[0086] As illustrated in Table 1, formulations of sugar as COMP-1, probe 17 and probe

18 in the insecticidal composition are listed.

Table 1. Components of COMP-1, probe 17 and probe 18.

Example 2: Usage of sugar allows for reduction in sulfoxaflor and lambda-c halothnn to control stink bugs.

[0087] Field trials were conducted in open field conditions with soybean plants at reproductive stage under natural infestation of several species of stink bugs. Drone applications were carried on randomized blocks with minimum size of 200 square meters (m²) for 4 reps, equipped by DJI T-40 rotor system with velocity of flight 25 kilometers per hectare (km/ha) at height of 3 meters (m) from the top of the plants. The pesticidal composition was applied in water volume from 10 liters per hectare (L/ha). Rates of Expedition™ (Sample 1) and COMP-1 by drone applications were listed in Table 2.

Table 2. Field trials with drone application for spraying Sample 1 and COMP-1.

[0088] Insect population was evaluated before and on different timings after drone applications of the pesticidal composition. Insect population was counted for nymphs (combining 3rd, 4th and 5th instar), adults and total (nymphs + adults), and reported as "number per 1 rowmeter basis" by using beat cloth. Counts of 1 -meter were obtained by shaking 1 -meter of 1-row on to a beat cloth and were assessed 3-4 points per plot. Count data was transformed to percent (%) control of the untreated using Abbott's transformation. Average was obtained and analyzed by Tukey 10%. The stink bugs were evaluated considering all species such as Euschitus her os (E. heros), Piezodorus guildinii, Dichelops spp., Edessa meditabunda and Acrosternum hilare.

Table 3. Stink bug control and increment on efficacy of full and half of field rate of Sample 1 with addition of COMP-1

[0089] Results showed higher protection efficacy achieved by Sample 1 with COMP-1 over Sample 1 alone, as illustrated in Table 3. Evaluation interval was taken at 1 day after application (1DAA1) to 14 days after application (14DAA1) as shown. For Sample 1 full rate alone application (300 mL/ha), % Control reached the highest (65.7%) at 10 days after drone application (10DAA1). When applied with COMP-1, the highest % Control occurred at around 7-10 days after application (7DAA1 or 10DAA1) for full rate (79.7%), and at 10 days after application for half rate (87.0%). % Increment was calculated over the value of % Control of Sample 1 full rate solo (4^th column in Table 3). When applying COMP-1 with half or full rate of Sample 1, better control of stink bugs than Sample 1 alone was observed from 7DAA1 to 14DAA1. Further, at both 10DAA1 and 14DAA1, % increment for half rate of Sample 1 with COMP-1 exceeded that for full rate of Sample 1 with COMP-1. Thus, utilization of sugar in combination with sulfoxaflor and /craAU-cyhalothrin has been demonstrated to reduce the need for delivery of these two active ingredients by at least 50% while controlling stink bugs.

[0090] A mixture of 100 g of sulfoxaflor and 150 g of lamhda-cy\\a\oWvm per liter is among the most used insecticides for E. heros in Brazil, for example, Expedition™, SILVER® FUSION, HAFFOR®, and SORTIC®. The amount of 0.3 L of insecticide per hectare equivalent to 30 and 45 g of sulfoxaflor and /r»7?/?cU-cyhalothrin per hectare respectively. Stink bug control requires two insecticide applications. Then a total of 82 million hectares were treated targeting stink bugs, based on 41 million hectares of soybean planted in the 2021-2022 season. If soybean growers in Brazil would apply the novel sugar probe baiting technology provided herein for one of the two applications for stink bug control, the utilization of invention provided herein could result in reduction of sulfoxaflor and /amZxsfcz-cyhalothrin inputs in the crop equivalent to more than 615,000 kg of sulfoxaflor and more than 922,500 kilograms of /cw/AcU-cyhalothrin every year.

Example 3: Sugar increases efficacy of insecticide in stink bug control.

[0091] Field trials were conducted in open field conditions with soybean plants at reproductive stage under natural infestation of several species of stink bugs. Tractor applications equipped with nozzle type TTI110015 generating large drops at 25 pounds per square inch (psi) of pressure, and velocity of 5 kilometers per hour (km/h), were carried on randomized blocks with minimum size of 90 m² for 4 reps. The pesticidal composition was applied in water volume from 100 liters per hectare (L/ha). Rates of Expedition™ (Sample 1), COMP-1, and probes 17 and 18 by tractor applications were listed in Table 4.

Table 4. Field trials with tractor application for spraying Sample 1 and probes

[0092] Insect population was evaluated before and on different timings after drone applications of the pesticidal composition. Insect population was counted for nymphs (combining 3rd, 4th and 5th instar), adults and total (nymphs + adults), and reported as "number per 1 row- meter basis" by using beat cloth. Counts of 1 -meter were obtained by shaking 1 -meter of 1-row on to a beat cloth and were assessed 3-4 points per plot. Count data was transformed to % control of the untreated using Abbott's transformation. Average was obtained and analyzed by Tukey 10%. The stink bugs were evaluated considering all species such as Euschitus herns. Piezodorus guildinii Dichelops spp., Edessa meditabunda and Acroslemum hilare.

Table 5. Stink bug control and increment on efficacy of full and half of field rate of Sample 1 with addition of COMP-1 and probes 17 and 18.

[0093] % Control of stink bugs for Sample 1 full rate solo, Sample 1 half rate and full rate with COMP-1, Sample 1 full rate with probe 17 and probe 18 were listed in Table 5. % Increment was calculated over the value of % Control of Sample 1 full rate solo (2nd column in Table 5)

[0094] Results showed higher protection efficacy achieved by Sample 1 with COMP-1, probes 17 or 18 over Sample 1 alone, as illustrated in Table 5. Evaluation interval was taken at 1 day after application (1DAA1) to 14 days after application (14DAA1) as shown. For Sample 1 full rate alone application (300 mL/ha) and Sample 1 full rate with probe 18, % Control reached the highest of 52.5% and 83.4%, respectively, at 7 days after tractor application. For Sample 1 half rate (150 mL/ha) with COMP-1, Sample 1 full rate with COMP-1, and Sample 1 full rate with probe 17, % Control reached the highest of 83.3%, 82.5%, and 87.4%, respectively, at 3 days after tractor application. When COMP-1 was applied with half or full rate of Sample 1 by tractor application, better control of stink bugs over Sample 1 alone was observed from 1 day after application (1DAA1) to 14 days after application (14DAA1). The % Increments for Sample 1 half rate with COMP-1 were in range from 38.5% (at 7DAA1) to 244.8% (at 3DAA1), with an average of 109.8%. The % Increments for Sample 1 full rate with COMP-1 were in range from 11.3% (at 1DAA1) to 241.6% (at 3DAA1), with an average of 90.6%. Thus, utilization of sugar probe COMP-1 provided herein can drop at least 50% of Sample 1 usage while achieving even better control than the stand-alone foliar spray of the same chemical.

[0095] Increment of efficacy was observed from 3DAA1 to 14DAA1 for both Sample 1 full rate applied with probe 17 and Sample 1 full rate applied with probe 18. % Increment for Sample 1 full rate applied with probe 17 were in in range from 59.0% to 261.2% with an average of 141.5%. % Increment for Sample 1 full rate applied with probe 18 were in in range from 42.6% to 212.0% with an average of 111.9%. Thus, Sample 1 applied with probes 17 and 18 showed higher protection efficacy over Sample 1 alone. Applying probes 17 and 18 will save cost about 20% comparing to COMP-1.

Example 4: insecticides are applied with COMP-1 and sugar probes 1-7, [0096] As illustrated in Table 6, formulations of sugar probes 1-7 were prepared. Table 6. Formulation of probes 1-7.

[0097] Bioassays were carried out using soybean seedlings. A single droplet of 30 microliters of the bait plus insecticides was deposited onto the most upper leaflet of the plant and kept in cages. Several stinkbugs (E. heros) were released into the cages and the mortality was assessed. Insecticides include Expedition™ (Sample 1) at full rate (300 mL/ha) and Closer™ (Sample 2) at 300 milliliters per hectare (mL/ha) (72 g sulfoxafl or/ha) and 125 mL/ha (30 g sulfoxaflor/ha). The baits include probes 1-7 and Mela?o (molasses or treacle).

[0098] Results for stink bug control when applying Sample 1 at full rate (300 mL/ha) or Sample 2 (at 300 mL/ha or 125 mL/ha) with COMP-1, Mela?o and sugar probes 1-7 were displayed in Fig. 1. Mortality of E. heros at 3 days after application (3DAA) were from 42.9% to 85.7% with an average of 60.7% for applying Sample 1 at full rate with COMP-1, Melafo and probes 1-7, while 9.5% for untreated check (UTC). When COMP-1 was applied with Sample 2 at rates of 300 mL/ha and 125 mL/ha, mortality of E. heros at 3DAA was 46.8% and 25.4%, respectively.

Example 5: Insecticide applied with COMP-1 and Probes 8-17,

[0099] As illustrated in Table 7, formulations of sugar probes 8-16 were prepared.

Table 7. Formulation of probes 8-16.

[0100] Bioassays were carried out using soybean seedlings. A single droplet of 30 microliters of the bait plus insecticides was deposited onto the most upper leaflet of the plant and kept in cages. Several stinkbugs (E. heros) were released into the cages and the mortality was assessed.

[0101] Results for stink bug control when applying Expedition™ (Sample 1) at full rate (300 mL/ha) with COMP-1 and sugar probes 8-17 are displayed in Fig. 2. Mortality of E. heros at 3 days after application (3DAA) were from 69.0% to 100% with an average of 85.0% for applying Sample 1 with COMP-1 and probes 8-17, while 14.5% for untreated check (UTC).

Example 6: Usage of sugar increases efficacy of sulfoxaflor and bifenthrin to control stink bugs.

[0102] Bioassays were carried out using soybean seedlings. A single droplet of 30 microliters of the bait plus insecticides was deposited onto the most upper leaflet of the plant and kept in cages. Active ingredient and rate unit in grams of active ingredient (g ai) were listed in Table 8. Several stinkbugs (Euschistus heros) were released into the cages and 48 hours the mortality was assessed. The insects were considered dead when no reaction was observed after a touch with brush after 48 hours. Mortality of 48 hours (h) was 77.8% and 91.7% for sulfoxaflor and bifenthrin plus COMP-1 and sulfoxaflor and /c/fl/AtCz-cyhalothrin plus COMP-1, respectively.

Table 8. Mortality of Euschistus heros in soybean plants by insecticides in mixture with COMP-1 applied through one single droplet of 30 microliters per plant.

* Means followed by same letters do not differ significantly (Tukey HSD test -p<0.10).

Further, bioassays were carried out using selected insecticides applied through conventional spraying and one single droplet of 30 microliters per plant in mixture with COMP-1. Active ingredient, rate unit in grams of active ingredient per hectare (g ai/ha), mortality (%), and increment (%) in mortality were listed in Table 9. Increment (%) was calculated over the value of Mortality (%) of Conventional spraying without COMP-1. As illustrated in Table 9, the increment (%) in mortality (%) when applying with COMP-1 over without COMP-1 was 78.4 and 19.6 for sulfoxaflor and sulfoxaflor plus Za/w fa-Cyhalothrin, respectively. Usage of COMP-1 increases efficacy of insecticides.

Table 9. Mortality of the stinkbug Euschistus heros in soybean plants by insecticides applied through conventional spraying and one single droplet of 30 microliters per plant.

[0103] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the invention be limited by the specific examples provided within the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the aforementioned specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the embodiments herein are not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Furthermore, it shall be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is therefore contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such alternatives, modifications, variations or equivalents. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims

Claims What is claimed is

1. A pesticidal composition for controlling stink bugs comprising (a) sulfoxaflor, (b) /r/ ic/rz-cyhalothrin or bifenthrin, and (c) a sugar, wherein

(a) and (b) are present in the pesticidal composition at a weight ratio of (a):(b) from about 1 : 10 to about 10: 1, and the pesticidal composition comprises the sugar from about 20% to about 90% by weight.

2. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is about 2:3.

3. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is about 5:6.

4. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the sugar is present from about 40% to about 80% by weight.

5. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein (a), (b), and (c) are present in the pesticidal composition at a weight ratio of from about 1 : 1.5:5 to about 1 : 1.5: 1000.

6. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein (a), (b), and (c) are present in the pesticidal composition at a weight ratio of from about 1 : 1.2:5 to about 1 : 1.2: 1000.

7. The pesticidal of composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sugar is selected from group comprising monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, or combinations thereof.

8. The pesticidal composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sugar is selected from group comprising glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, ribose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, molasses or treacle, trehalose, dextrose, raffinose, stachyose, maltotriose, lactulose, isomaltose, melibiose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, hyaluronic acid, peptidoglycan, or combinations thereof.

9. The pesticidal composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sugar comprises invert sugar, com steep liquid, or combination thereof.

10. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein (a) and (b) is formulated comprising petroleum distillates, xylene or xylene range aromatic solvent or combinations thereof.

11. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein (c) is formulated comprising an antifreezing agent, a flow aid agent, a dispersant, a thickening agent, a bee repellent, or combinations thereof.

12. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the bee repellent from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight and the bee repellent is ammonium acetate.

13. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the pesticidal composition is formulated comprising the anti-freezing agents at from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight, the diluent agents at from about 10% to about 90% by weight, the dispersants at from about 0.0% to about 5.0% by weight, the flow aid agents at from about 0.00% to about 1.00% by weight, and the thickening agents at from about 0.00% to about 1.50% by weight.

14. A method of controlling stink bugs comprising contacting vegetation or the locus thereof with an effective amount of the pesticidal composition of claim 1 sufficient to control stink bugs.

15. The method of controlling stink bugs of claim 14, wherein the effective amount of the pesticidal composition comprises applying sulfoxaflor from about 5 g/ha to about 100 g/ha.

16. The method of controlling stink bugs of claim 14 wherein the effective amount of the pesticidal composition comprises applying /r/fl/Wrz-cyhalothrin from about 5 g/ha to about 150 g/ha.

17. The method of controlling stink bugs of claim 14, wherein the effective amount of the pesticidal composition comprises applying bifenthrin from about 5 g/ha to about 300 g/ha.

18. The method of controlling stink bugs of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein stink bugs are selected from Pentatomidae, Plataspidae, Tessaratomidae, Aleyrodidae, Alydidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Coreidae, Miridae, or Pseudococcidae.

9. The method of controlling stink bugs of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein stink bugs comprise Euschistus her os, Piezodorus guildinii, Euschistus servus, Nezara viridula, Chinavia hilaris, Elalyomorpha halys, Podisus maculiventris, Murgantia histrionica, Perillus bioculatus, Thy an la custator, Catacanthus incamatus, Oebalus pugnax, Cosmopepla lintneriana, Chlorochroa sayi, Euschistus variolarius, Chlorochroa ligata, Musgraveia sulciventris, or Megacopta cribraria.