WO2025128342A1 - Dynamic gnss switching for idle car - Google Patents

Abstract

Aspects presented herein may improve power saving at a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver by enabling a UE to switch the GNSS receiver from a multi-band mode to a single-band mode for tracking and performing location updates after detecting that a vehicle associated with the GNSS receiver is in an idle/stationary state. In one aspect, a UE detects a vehicle is in an idle state. The UE detects, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode. The UE switches the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

Description

DYNAMIC GNSS SWITCHING FOR IDLE CAR

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of India Provisional Application Serial No. 202341085269, entitled “DYNAMIC GNSS SWITCHING FOR IDLE CAR” and filed on December 13, 2023, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication involving positioning.

INTRODUCTION

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

BRIEF SUMMARY

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0006] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus detects a vehicle is in an idle state. The apparatus detects, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode. The apparatus switches the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

[0007] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects may include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIG. l is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.

[0009] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [0011] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0014] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.

[0015] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example navigational frequency band for GNSS in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a navigation application in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a modem sleep time with one hundred millisecond location updates in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a modem sleep time with one second location updates in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example algorithm for switching multi -band/tri- band GNSS configuration to single-band GNSS configuration based on detection of a vehicle being idle/static in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example dynamic power optimization (DPO) mode in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0023] FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0024] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and/or network entity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Aspects presented herein may improve the power saving at a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver by enabling the GNSS device to switch to a singleband mode from a multi -band mode when the GNSS receiver (or a device associated with the GNSS receiver) is detected to be stationary (e.g., entering into a stationary mode, not moving for a defined period of time, etc.). For example, aspects presented herein may enable a GNSS receiver on a vehicle to switch to a single-band mode for tracking and performing location updates after detecting that the vehicle is in an idle/stationary state (e.g., the vehicle is shifted into park mode, the ignition of the vehicle is off, the vehicle has not moved for X minutes, etc.), such that the GNSS receiver may consume less power while still be able to perform the tracking and maintain precise location updates.

[0026] Aspects presented herein are directed to dynamic GNSS switching between singleband (SB) and multi-band (MB) or tri-band (TB) under certain conditions to optimize power usage. Aspects presented herein include: identify scenarios when car is idling/static (e.g., static hold mode detection) or when overnight parked mode with ignition off, switch GNSS receiver to operate in minimal resource needs mode, e.g., LI solely (from MB or TB mode), till the motion is detected or till the quality of service (QoS) can be met by being in the minimal resource’s mode. Switching between the multiband (two-band) and SB configurations may be based on temperature to further optimize power usage.

[0027] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. [0029] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0030] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and/or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer- readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0031] While aspects, implementations, and/or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and/or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and/or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and/or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (Al)-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and/or use cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip- level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor(s), interleaver, adders/summers, etc.). Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.

[0032] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NRBS, 5GNB, access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0033] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0034] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O- RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both). A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an Fl interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.

[0036] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near- RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

[0037] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an El interface when implemented in an 0-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

[0038] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3 GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110. [0039] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU(s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU(s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0040] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an 01 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 andNear-RTRICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O- eNB) 111, via an 01 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an 01 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.

[0041] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (Al) / machine learning (ML) (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near- RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.

[0042] In some implementations, to generate AI/ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via 01) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al policies).

[0043] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to fMHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0044] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL/UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, Bluetooth™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)), Wi-Fi™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0045] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs)) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

[0046] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency/wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5GNR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

[0047] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into midband frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0048] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0049] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and/or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0050] The base station 102 may include and/or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and/or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and/or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0051] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location/positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE), a serving mobile location center (SMLC), a mobile positioning center (MPC), or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients/applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and/or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), global position system (GPS), non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite position/location system), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NRE-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi -round trip time (Multi -RTT), DL angle- of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and/or other systems/signals/sensors.

[0052] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as loT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and/or individually access the network.

[0053] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 may have a GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 that may be configured to detect a vehicle is in an idle state; detect, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode; and switch the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold. In certain aspects, the base station 102 or the one or more location servers 168 may have a GNSS receiver mode configuration component 199 that may be configured to provide configurations and/or parameters related to the GNSS receiver mode switch for the UE 104.

[0054] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL/UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL). While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI), or semi- statically/statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI). Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.

[0055] FIGs. 2A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and/or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length/duration may scale with 1/SCS.

Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP

[0056] For normal CP (14 symbols/slot), different numerologies p 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology p, there are 14 symbols/slot and 2^ slots/subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 * 15 kHz, where g is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology p=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology p=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology p=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 ps. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended).

[0057] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme. [0058] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0059] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and/or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS)/PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

[0060] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequencydependent scheduling on the UL.

[0061] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and/or negative ACK (NACK)). The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

[0062] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller/processor 375. The controller/processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0063] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0064] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0065] The controller/processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0066] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller/processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re- segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0067] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0068] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

[0069] The controller/processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0070] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 of FIG. 1.

[0071] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller/processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the GNSS receiver mode configuration component 199 of FIG. 1.

[0072] FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning”) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 404 may transmit UL SRS 412 at time TSRS TX and receive DL positioning reference signals (PRS) (DL PRS) 410 at time TPRS_RX. The TRP 406 may receive the UL SRS 412 at time TSRS RX and transmit the DL PRS 410 at time TPRS TX. The UE 404 may receive the DL PRS 410 before transmitting the UL SRS 412, or may transmit the UL SRS 412 before receiving the DL PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server(s) 168) or the UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||TSRS_RX - TPRS TX| - |TSRS TX - TPRS RX||. Accordingly, multi-RTT positioning may make use of the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_TX - TPRS _RX|) and DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by the UE 404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_RX - TPRS _TX|) and UL SRS-RSRP at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The UE 404 measures the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and/or DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the TRPs 402, 406 measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and/or UL SRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. The measurements may be used at the positioning server or the UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of the UE 404. Other methods are possible for determining the RTT, such as for example using DL-TDOA and/or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0073] PRSs may be defined for network-based positioning (e.g., NR positioning) to enable UEs to detect and measure more neighbor transmission and reception points (TRPs), where multiple configurations are supported to enable a variety of deployments (e.g., indoor, outdoor, sub-6, mmW, etc.). To support PRS beam operation, beam sweeping may also be configured for PRS. The UL positioning reference signal may be based on sounding reference signals (SRSs) with enhancements/adjustments for positioning purposes. In some examples, UL-PRS may be referred to as “SRS for positioning,” and a new Information Element (IE) may be configured for SRS for positioning in RRC signaling.

[0074] DL PRS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements of the antenna port(s) that carry DL PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. In some examples, for FR1, the reference point for the DL PRS- RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For FR2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS- RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches. Similarly, UL SRS-RSRP may be defined as linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying sounding reference signals (SRS). UL SRS-RSRP may be measured over the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth in the configured measurement time occasions. In some examples, for FR1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the base station (e.g., gNB). For FR2, UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the base station, the reported UL SRS- RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches.

[0075] PRS-path RSRP (PRS-RSRPP) may be defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. In some examples, PRS path Phase measurement may refer to the phase associated with an i- th path of the channel derived using a PRS resource.

[0076] DL-AoD positioning may make use of the measured DL PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD), the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0077] DL-TDOA positioning may make use of the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and/or DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and/or DL PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0078] UL-TDOA positioning may make use of the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and/or UL SRS-RSRP) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and/or UL SRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0079] UL-AoA positioning may make use of the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A- Ao A and the Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404. For purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning operation in which measurements are provided by a UE to a base station/positioning entity/server to be used in the computation of the UE’s position may be described as “UE-assisted,” “UE-assisted positioning,” and/or “UE-assisted position calculation,” while a positioning operation in which a UE measures and computes its own position may be described as “UE-based,” “UE-based positioning,” and/or “UE-based position calculation.”

[0080] Additional positioning methods may be used for estimating the location of the UE 404, such as for example, UE-side UL-AoD and/or DL-AoA. Note that data/measurements from various technologies may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, to determine and/or to enhance certainty, to supplement/complement measurements, and/or to substitute/provide for missing information.

[0081] Note that the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” generally refer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRS as defined in LTE and NR, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSLRS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc. In addition, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context. To further distinguish the type of PRS, a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a “DL PRS,” and an uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS) may be referred to as an “UL-PRS.” In addition, for signals that may be transmitted in both the uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), the signals may be prepended with “UL” or “DL” to distinguish the direction. For example, “UL-DMRS” may be differentiated from “DL-DMRS.” In addition, the term “location” and “position” may be used interchangeably throughout the specification, which may refer to a particular geographical or a relative place. [0082] A device (e.g., a UE) equipped with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver may determine its location based on reception of signals from multiple satellites, which may be referred to as “GNSS-based positioning” or “satellite-based positioning.” GNSS is a network of satellites broadcasting timing and orbital information used for navigation and positioning measurements. In addition, GNSS may refer to the International Multi-Constellation Satellite System, which may include global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), Baidu, Galileo, and any other constellation system. GNSS may include multiple groups of satellites (which may be referred to as GNSS satellites), known as constellations, that broadcast signals (which may be referred to as GNSS signals) to control stations and users of the GNSS. Based on the broadcast signals, the users may be able to determine their locations (e.g., via a trilateration process). For purposes of the present disclosure, a device (e.g., a UE) that is equipped with a GNSS receiver or is capable of receiving GNSS signals may be referred to as a GNSS device, and a device that is capable of transmitting GNSS signals, such as a satellite, may be referred to as a space vehicle (SV).

[0083] FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example of GNSS positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. A GNSS device 506 may calculate its position and time based at least in part on data (e.g., GNSS signals 504) received from multiple space vehicles (SVs) 502, where each SV 502 may carry a record of its position and time and may transmit that data (e.g., the record) to the GNSS device 506. Each SV 502 may further include a clock that is synchronized with other clocks of SVs and with ground clock(s). If an SV 502 detects that there is a drift from the time maintained on the ground, the SV 502 may correct it. The GNSS device 506 may also include a clock, but the clock for the GNSS device 506 may be less stable and precise compared to the clocks for each SV 502.

[0084] As the speed of radio waves may be constant and independent of the satellite speed, a time delay between a time the SV 502 transmits a GNSS signal 504 and a time the GNSS device 506 receives the GNSS signal 504 may be proportional to the distance from the SV 502 to the GNSS device 506. In some examples, a minimum of four SVs may be used by the GNSS device 506 to compute/calculate one or more unknown quantities associated with positioning (e.g., three position coordinates and clock deviation from satellite time, etc.). [0085] Each SV 502 may broadcast the GNSS signal 504 (e.g., a carrier wave with modulation) continuously that may include a pseudorandom code (e.g., a sequence of ones and zeros) which may be known to the GNSS device 506, and may also include a message that includes a time of transmission and the SV position at that time. In other words, each GNSS signal 504 may carry two types of information: time and carrier wave (e.g., a modulated waveform with an input signal to be electromagnetically transmitted). Based on the GNSS signals 504 received from each SV 502, the GNSS device 506 may measure the time of arrivals (TOAs) of the GNSS signals 504 and calculate the time of flights (TOFs) for the GNSS signals 504. Then, based on the TOFs, the GNSS device 506 may compute its three-dimensional position and clock deviation, and the GNSS device 506 may determine its position on the Earth. For example, the GNSS device 506’ s location may be converted to a latitude, a longitude, and a height relative to an ellipsoidal Earth model. These coordinates may be displayed, such as on a moving map display, or recorded or used by some other system, such as a vehicle guidance system.

[0086] While the distance between a GNSS device and an SV may be calculated based on the time it takes for a GNSS signal to reach the GNSS device, the SV’s signal sequence may be delayed in relation to the GNSS device’s sequence. Thus, in some examples, a delay may be applied to the GNSS device’s sequence, such that the two sequences are aligned. For example, to calculate the delay, a GNSS device may align a pseudorandom binary sequence contained in the SV’s signal to an internally generated pseudorandom binary sequence. As the SV’s GNSS signal takes time to reach the GNSS device, the SV’s sequence may be delayed in relation to the GNSS device’s sequence. By increasingly delaying the GNSS device’s sequence, the two sequences may eventually be aligned.

[0087] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example navigational frequency band for GNSS (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, which may also be referred to as Radio Navigation Satellite System (RNSS)) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. There may be two bands in the region allocated to the Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) on a primary basis worldwide, where these bands may be suitable for Safety-of-Life applications as other users may not be allowed to interfere with their signals. They may correspond to an upper L-band (e.g., 1559 - 1610 MHz), having the GPS LI, Galileo El and GLONASS Gl, and to the bottom of a lower L-band (e.g., 1151 - 1214 MHz) where GPS L5 and Galileo E5 are located, with E5a and L5 coexisting in the same frequencies. The remaining GPS L2, GLONASS G2 and Galileo E6 signals are in the bands 1215.6 - 1350 MHz. These bands may be allocated to radio-location services (e.g., ground radars) and RNSS on a primary basis, hence the signals in these bands may be more vulnerable to interference compared to the previous ones.

[0088] In some examples, a software or an application that accepts positioning related measurements from global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/global positioning system (GPS) chipsets and/or sensors to estimate position, velocity, and/or altitude of a device may be referred to as a positioning engine (PE). In addition, a positioning engine that is capable of achieving certain high level of accuracy (e.g., centimeter/decimeter level accuracy) and/or latency may be referred to as a precise positioning engine (PPE). On the other hand, a navigation application may refer to an application in a user equipment (e.g., a smartphone, an in-vehicle navigation system, a GPS device, etc.) that is capable of providing navigational directions in real time. Over the last few years, users have increasingly relied on navigation applications because they have provided various benefits. For example, navigation applications may provide convenience to users as they enable users to find a way to their destinations, and also allow users to contribute information and mark places of importance thereby generating the most accurate description of a location. In some examples, navigation applications are also capable of providing expert guidance for users, where a navigation application may guide a user to a destination via the best, most direct, or most time-saving routes. For example, a navigation application may obtain the current status of traffic, and then locate a shortest and fastest way for a user to reach a destination, and also provide approximately how long it will take the user to reach the destination. As such, a navigation application may use an Internet connection and a GPS/GNSS navigation system to provide turn-by-tum guided instructions on how to arrive at a given destination.

[0089] FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of a navigation application in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 702, a navigation application, which may be running on a UE such as a vehicle (e.g., a built- in GPS/GNSS system of the vehicle) or a smartphone, may provide a user (e.g., via a display or an interface) with tum-by-tum directions to a destination and an estimated time to reach the destination based on real-time information. For example, the navigation application may receive/download real-time traffic information, road condition information, local traffic rules (e.g., speed limits), and/or map information/data from a server. Then, the navigation application may calculate a route to the destination based on at least the map information and other available information. The map information may include the map of the area in which the user is traveling, such as the streets, buildings, and/or terrains of the area, or a map that is compatible with the navigation application and GPS/GNSS system. In some examples, the route calculated by the navigation application may be the shortest or the fastest route. For purposes of the present disclosure, information associated with this calculated route may be referred to as navigation route information. For example, navigation route information may include predicted/estimated positions, velocities, accelerations, directions, and/or altitudes of the user at different points in time.

[0090] For example, as shown at 704, based on the map information, the speed limit, and the real-time road condition information, the navigation application may generate navigation route information 706 that guides a user 708 to a destination. In some examples, the navigation route information 706 may include the position of the user and velocity of the user relative/respect to time, which may be denoted as f (t) and v(t), respectively. For example, the navigation application may estimate that at a first point in time (Tl), the user may reach a first point/place with certain speed (e.g., the intersection of 59th Street and Vista Drive with a velocity of 35 miles per hour), and at a second point in time (T2), the user may reach a second point/place with certain speed (e.g., the intersection of 60th Street and Vista Drive with a velocity of 15 miles per hour), and up to N* point in time (TN), etc.

[0091] In recent years, vehicle manufacturers have been developing vehicles with assisted driving. Assisted driving, which may also be called advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), may refer to a set of technologies designed to enhance vehicle safety and improve the driving experience by providing assistance and automation to the driver. These technologies may use various sensor(s), camera(s), and other components to monitor a vehicle’s surroundings and assist the driver of the vehicle with certain driving tasks. For example, some features of assisted driving systems may include: (1) adaptive cruise control (ACC) (e.g., a system that automatically adjusts a vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead), (2) lane-keeping assist (LKA) (e.g., a system that uses cameras to detect lane markings and helps keep the vehicle centered within the lane, and provides steering inputs to prevent unintentional lane departure), (3), autonomous emergency braking (AEB) (e.g., a system that detects potential collisions with obstacles or pedestrians and automatically apply the brakes to avoid or mitigate the impact), (4) blind spot monitoring (BSM) (e.g., a system that uses sensors to detect vehicles in a driver’s blind spots and provides visual or audible alerts to avoid potential collisions during lane changes), (5) parking assistance (e.g., a system that assists drivers in parking their vehicles by using camera(s) and sensor(s) to help with parallel parking or maneuvering into tight spaces), and/or traffic sign recognition (e.g., camera(s) and image processing are used to recognize and display traffic signs such as speed limits, stop signs, and other road regulations on the vehicle’s dashboard).

[0092] In some scenarios, as it may take time for a GNSS device to perform positioning with high precision (e.g., with the positioning accuracy reaching an accuracy threshold) after the GNSS device starts (e.g., is turned on or initialized), some GNSS devices may be configured to be enabled/activated all the time (e.g., continue to perform positioning or satellite tracking all the time). For example, as a vehicle (or the user of the vehicle) may immediate specify/request GNSS services after the vehicle is turned on, a GNSS capable device associated with the vehicle (e.g., a navigation system of the vehicle, a telematics of the vehicle, an on-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle, etc.) may be configured to be enabled all the time to monitor the (precise) location of the vehicle in real time.

[0093] In some examples, as shown by FIG. 6, GNSS receivers may be divided/categorized into three major groups: (1) a single-band receiver/group (e.g., supporting just LI band); (2) a dual-band receiver/group (e.g., supporting L1+L5 bands or L1+L2 bands where two bands are used at a given time); and (3) a tri-band (TB) receiver (e.g., supporting L1+L2+L5 bands). Each specific GNSS band may come with its own set of mission-specific advantages such as from measurements and/or positioning accuracy specifications. For purposes of the present disclosure, the dual-band receiver/group and the tri-band receiver/group may collectively be referred to as a “multi-band (MB) receiver/group,” a “multi-band GNSS,” and/or a “multi-band GNSS receiver/group,” etc. [0094] Most telematics products may configure GNSS receivers that support the multi -band to enable their multi-band capability/configuration by default, and the GNSS receivers may remain in this mode of operation eternally (and continuously) regardless of the GNSS environment (e.g., a good GNSS environment such as under an open sky, a bad/weak GNSS environment such as in an urban area with many tall buildings, a GNSS denied environment such as underground or in a tunnel, etc.). For example, once a GNSS system/receiver of a vehicle is configured to enable the multi-band capability/configuration by default (e.g., at boot up), the GNSS system/receiver may operate based on the multi-band capability/configuration all the time even when the car is in an idle mode or parked with an ignition off state (e.g., with the engine turned off).

[0095] Table 2 below shows a list of example default multi-band modes for GNSS devices. For example, if the default mode of a GNSS device is configured to be “dual band 10 Hz,” the GNSS device may operate based on this dual band all the time regardless of the GNSS environment/condition. In addition, positioning at 10 Hz may refer to the positioning is performed with an update rate (or a tracking rate) of ten (10) times per second (or one update per 100 milliseconds (msec/ms)). A higher update rate may create a more detailed and a higher resolution tracking capabilities compared to a lower update rate.

Table 2 - Example default multi -band modes

These multi -band GNSS scenarios/configurations often specify higher processing power and resources (e.g., with and without implementing a machine learning (ML) algorithm) compared to the single-band GNSS scenario/configuration. However, if a vehicle is in an idle state (e.g., parked or not moving), frequent precise location updates may be achieved with using the single-band GNSS (and also using a 1 Hz update rate which performs an update per second). This may enable a modem to be in a sleep state for a longer time or more frequently, thereby saving more power at the modem when the modem is idle due to switching from the multi-band GNSS to the single-band GNSS.

[0096] As an illustration, a multi -band GNSS receiver may specify higher million packets per second (MPPS) (e.g., an average of over 150 MPPS per second) compared to a single-band GNSS receiver (e.g., an average of over 90 MPPS per second). This higher MPPS when aggregated for concurrent scenario may lead to an increase in the frequency of certain modem component(s) (e.g., component(s) for processing GNSS packets) and accordingly CX corner of operation. For purposes of the disclosure, the CX corner may refer to the frequency, the voltage, and/or the MPPS specification(s) based on the dual band (DB) and/or single band (SB), etc. (e.g., SVS LI to SVS/Low SVS for DB to SB). Also, for some multi-band GNSS receivers, their active periods may be longer compared to others. Both may lead to higher dynamic power consumption. Table 3 below shows an example of use-case and power projections for GNSS receivers with a software (SW) implementation at a higher temperature.

Table 3 - Example power projections for different GNSS receivers

A thermal envelope may refer to a specification that is used to describe the maximum amount of heat a component (e.g., a chip/chipset) is expected to generate under normal operating conditions. When a GNSS receiver is configured to perform the tracking based on multi-band, it may lead to an early thermal runaway at a higher ambient temperature (e.g., greater than ajunction temperature (Tj) of 105 degrees Celsius (105 °C) even when the vehicle is in an idle/parked state (e.g., the vehicle is parked under the sun in the summer). A thermal runaway may refer to an incident where one exothermal process triggers other processes, and resulting in an undesirable/uncontrollable increase in temperature.

[0097] FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating an example of a modem sleep time with one hundred (100) millisecond (msec) location updates in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 802, when a UE is configured to perform a location update every 100 msec (e.g., for an update rate of 10 Hz), the modem may be configured to wake up every 100 msec. During this wake up time, after a location fix/location data upload, if a connected mode discontinuous reception (C-DRX) mode is configured for the UE, the UE may go to the C-DRX mode after a discontinuous reception (DRX) inactivity timer. In the context of wireless communication, “DRX” and “C-DRX” may refer to power-saving techniques used by UEs to reduce energy consumption and extend battery life. DRX is a power-saving mechanism may reduce the amount of time a UE is actively listen for incoming signals from the network. In a typical cellular network, a UE may be configured to periodically check for incoming messages or data, which may consume a significant amount of power. To mitigate this, DRX enables the UE to enter sleep mode for specific periods, waking up at predetermined intervals to check for pending communications. The device informs the network about its DRX cycle, and the network schedules transmissions accordingly. This reduces power consumption, especially during idle or low-traffic periods. C-DRX may be an enhancement of the DRX, which is designed for UEs that are actively connected to the network, as opposed to idle or in a low-power state. In a connected mode, a UE exchanging data with the network may be specified to remain active to receive incoming data. C-DRX provides more flexibility by allowing the UE to specify different DRX cycle lengths for both the active and idle periods, optimizing power savings during active connections.

[0098] As shown at 804, during a first duration of time (Ta) when the modem is on, the UE may be in an online mode performing one or more of: acquisition, RRC connection set up delay, registration, location fix, location data upload, DRX inactivity timer, deregistration, and/or PDCCH reception, etc. (e.g., Ta: online mode + acquis ion + RRC connection setup delay + Registration + Location Fix + Location data upload + DRX inactivity timer + De-Registration + PDCCH), which may consume significant amount of power. Then, at a second duration of time (Tb), the UE may enter into C- DRX (e.g., Tb: C-DRX period).

[0099] FIG. 9 is a diagram 900 illustrating an example of a modem sleep time with one second location updates in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 902, when a UE is configured to perform a location update every one (1) second (e.g., for an update rate of 1 Hz), the modem may be configured to wake up every one second. As shown at 904, the power consumption at the UE is lower compared the one hundred millisecond location updates as described in connection with FIG. 8 as the UE may perform tasks associated with the first duration of time (Ta) (e.g., tasks that consume power) less frequently. In addition, as shown at a third duration of time (Tc), the UE may also stay in an RRC idle mode for some time with GNSS receiver off, which may provide additional power saving.

[0100] Aspects presented herein may improve the power saving at a GNSS receiver by enabling the GNSS device to switch to a single-band mode from a multi -band mode when the GNSS receiver (or a device associated with the GNSS receiver) is detected to be stationary (e.g., entering into a stationary mode, not moving for a defined period of time, etc.). For example, aspects presented herein may enable a GNSS receiver on a vehicle to switch to a single-band mode for tracking and performing location updates after detecting that the vehicle is in an idle/stationary state (e.g., the vehicle is shifted into park mode, the ignition of the vehicle is off, the vehicle has not moved for X minutes, etc.), such that the GNSS receiver may consume less power while still be able to perform the tracking and maintain precise location updates.

[0101] In one aspect of the present disclosure, to save power when a vehicle is idle/static (e.g., detected to be in a static hold mode) or when the vehicle is shifted into a parking/parked mode with the ignition off, the GNSS receiver on the vehicle may be configured to (switch to) operate in a minimal resource mode, such as operating under a single-band mode (e.g., just LI band) form a multi-band and/or with a lower update rate (e.g., 1 Hz) until a motion is detected, until the ignition of the vehicle is on, and/or until the quality of service (QoS) is met (or not met) by being in this minimal resource mode, etc. For example, when a receiver is under the multi-band mode, the GNSS is specified to deploy a lot of acquisition track job s/tasks which may likely impact the power/CPU budget and MPPS specifications. This problem may become more noticeable in scenarios where wireless wide area network (WWAN) and data concurrency (multiple users able to access data at the same time) are involved. Table 4 below shows example power delta between a multi-band GNSS tracking and a single-band GNSS tracking at a junction temperature (Tj) of 25°C. For purposes of the present disclosure, a junction temperature may refer to the temperature of semiconductor junctions within integrated circuits (ICs) or chips that make up a chipset, which may be an important parameter for ensuring the proper functioning and reliability of the chipset.

Table 4 - Example power delta between a multi-band GNSS tracking and a singleband GNSS tracking

As shown by Table 4, when a GNSS receiver is performing tracking (TRK) under a single-band (SB) mode (e.g., just on LI band) with an update rate of 1 Hz, the measured current of the GNSS receiver at a junction temperature of 25 °C may be approximately 56 milliamp at battery (mAB). The mAB may refer to a power impact in milliamp (mA) at a battery. For example, with a battery voltage of 4V, 56 mAB may be converted to mW based on 56 mAB*4 = 224mW, and 76*4 = 304, so a total of 88 mW power impact. On the other hand, when a GNSS receiver is performing tracking under a multi -band (MB) mode (e.g., both LI and L5 bands) with an update rate of 10 Hz, the measured current of the GNSS receiver at a junction temperature of 25 °C may be approximately 76 mAB, which is 20 mA more compared to the singleband mode.

[0102] Table 5 below shows an example list of costs and benefits (e.g., pros and cons) between a GNSS receiver operating under the multi -band and a GNSS receiver operating under the single-band.

Table 5 - Example list of costs and benefits between a multi -band GNSS receiver and a single-band GNSS receiver [0103] Experiments/measurements have shown a GNSS receiver may achieve a power saving of approximately 80 milliwatt (mW) at a junction temperature of 25 °C when the GNSS receiver is switching from the multi-band mode to a single band mode. In some scenarios, as there may be higher double data rate (DDR) refresh rate at a higher temperature, there might be higher DDR frequency specification for latency closure. Hence any reduction in GNSS power consumption due to single-band switching may help in reducing DDR frequency, and hence enabling dynamic power saving.

[0104] FIG. 10 is a flowchart 1000 illustrating an example algorithm for switching multi - band/tri-band GNSS configuration to single-band GNSS configuration based on detection of a vehicle being idle/static in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The numberings associated with the flowchart 1000 do not specify a particular temporal order and are merely used as references for the flowchart 1000. Aspects presented herein may improve the power saving at a GNSS receiver on a vehicle by enabling the GNSS receiver to switch to a single-band mode from a multiband mode (e.g., a dual-band or a tri-band mode) when the vehicle is detected to be idle/static.

[0105] At 1010, a UE 1002 (e.g., a GNSS receiver, a vehicle, a telematics, a navigation system, an OBU, etc.) may be configured to detect whether a vehicle is in an idle/static state. For example, the UE 1002 may determine that the vehicle is in the idle/static based on the ignition of the vehicle is off, the vehicle is in a parked state, and/or that the duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold (e.g., e.g., the vehicle has not moved for N minutes), etc.

[0106] At 1012, if the UE 1002 detects that the vehicle is in the idle/static state, the UE 1002 may detect whether a GNSS receiver (or GNSS receivers) associated with the vehicle is operating under a multi-band GNSS configuration (e.g., supporting L1+L5 bands, L1+L2 bands, and/or L1+L2+L5 bands, etc. at a given time). Operating under the multi -band GNSS configuration may indicate that the GNSS receiver (or the UE 1002) is performing satellite tracking and positioning/location updates based on the dual-band or the tri-band mode.

[0107] At 1014, the UE 1002 may measure or check the temperature (e.g., the junction temperature (Tj) of the GNSS receiver. For example, as shown at 1016, the UE 1002 may measure or obtain the temperature of the GNSS receiver based on thermal feeding sensor data associated with the GNSS receiver (e.g., from the thermal sensor on the GNSS receiver chip/chipset). Then, the UE 1002 may compare the temperature against a temperature threshold (e.g., N °C). In some implementations, the junction temperature (e.g., for a GNSS receiver/chip/chipset) may be configured to be 105 °C. [0108] At 1018, if the temperature of the GNSS receiver is below the temperature threshold (e.g., Tj < N°C), the UE 1002 may enable/permit the GNSS receiver to remain in the multi-band GNSS configuration, and continue to check/monitor for the temperature of the GNSS receiver as shown at 1014.

[0109] On the other hand, at 1020, if the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above (and equal to) the temperature threshold (e.g., Tj > N°C), then at 1022, the UE 1002 may switch the GNSS receiver to a single-band mode (e.g., by applying a single-band GNSS configuration) from the multi -band mode. For example, the UE 1002 may configure the GNSS receiver to just support/use the LI band. In some implementations, the UE 1002 may also modify (e.g., reduce) the update rate of the GNSS receiver, such as changing it from 10 Hz to 1 Hz, etc. As a chipset (e.g., the GNSS receiver) may consume more power when it is at a higher temperature, switching the GNSS receiver from a multi-band GNSS configuration to a single-band GNSS configuration when the temperature (e.g., the junction temperature) of the GNSS receiver is above a temperature threshold may enable significant power saving for the GNSS receiver. In addition, as described in connection with FIGs. 8 and 9, reducing the update rate of the GNSS receiver may also provide additional power saving for the GNSS receiver. In some implementations, the UE 1002 may also configured to output an indication that the GNSS receiver is switched to a single-band GNSS configuration. For example, the UE 1002 may transmit/provide the indication of the switch to other entities or applications so that they are aware of the switch, and/or store the indication of the switch to keep a tracking/record of the switch.

[0110] Note while the example in FIG. 10 shows the switching between the multi -band GNSS configuration and the single-band GNSS configuration may be based at least in part on the temperature of the GNSS receiver, it is merely for illustration purposes. Aspects presented herein may also apply to implementations without the temperature check. In other words, the UE 1002 may be configured to switch the GNSS receiver from the multi -band GNSS configuration to the single-band GNSS configuration when the vehicle is detected to be in the idle/static state. [0111] In another implementation, if the GNSS receiver is already operating under the singleband GNSS configuration (e.g., at 1012), the UE 1002 may be configured to change the update rate of the GNSS receiver (e.g., from 10 Hz to 1 Hz) when the UE 1002 detects that the vehicle is in an idle/static state and/or that the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above a temperature threshold.

[0112] After switching the GNSS receiver to the single-band GNSS configuration, the GNSS receiver (or the UE 1002) may continue to perform satellite tracking and positioning/location updates based on the single-band mode. In some implementations, at 1024, if the UE 1002 detects that the vehicle is no longer in the idle/static state (which may be referred to as non-idle/static state) such as the ignition is on, the vehicle is shifted to a driving state, or the vehicle is moving again, detects that the temperature of the GNSS receiver is below the temperature threshold, and/or detects that the quality of service (QoS) of the GNSS receiver (e.g., the accuracy and/or performance of the tracking and location updates) meets or not meets a set of conditions, the UE 1002 may switch the GNSS receiver back to the multi -band GNSS configuration. The QoS may include an overall power saving to be achieved by the GNSS receiver (e.g., the GNSS receiver may remain in the single-band configuration for a longer period if the target power saving is not achieved) or a tracking accuracy to be maintained (e.g., the GNSS receiver may be configured to switch from the single-band configuration to the multi-band configuration if the tracking accuracy under the single-band configuration falls below an accuracy threshold), etc.

[0113] In some implementations, as shown at 1026, the UE 1002 may also be configured to activate a dynamic power optimization (DPO) mode for the GNSS receiver (e.g., when the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above the temperature threshold and/or when the vehicle is in the idle/static states. Under the DPO mode, the GNSS receiver may be configured to be off (e.g., deactivated or in a sleep mode) for a defined duration (e.g., off for A msec) or based on a defined pattern (e.g., off for E msec every Z msec), etc.

[0114] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example DPO mode in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In addition to switching the GNSS receiver from the multi-band configuration to the single-band configuration and/or switching the update rate (e.g., from 10 Hz to 1 Hz), DPO is another power saving solution that may be implemented at the UE 1002, where DPO may attempt to turn off GNSS receiver to reduce the power consumption of the GNSS receiver (e.g., up to 50%) without impact on the time to fix location (e.g., during the vehicle parking scenario described in connection with FIG. 10).

[0115] For example, as shown at 1102, during a non-DPO mode, the GNSS receiver may be continuously turned on. However, as shown at 1104, during the DPO mode, the GNSS receiver may enter into a duty cycle mode (e.g., with a shorter dwells/integration time), where the GNSS receiver may be configured to operate at a periodicity. For example, the GNSS receiver may be power on (e.g., activated) for 300 msec every second (and power off/deactivated for a remaining 700 msec in every second). Table 6 below shows example differences between the non-DPO mode and the DPO mode.

Table 6 - Example differences between non-DPO mode and DPO mode.

[0116] In some implementations, a GNSS receiver may be configured to automatically engage/enter into the DPO mode under good GNSS signal conditions (e.g., based on certain conditions such as health of receptions), and/or under a good to semi-strong GNSS signal conditions (e.g., the availability of the XTRA (for Navigation data), the availability of the good quality position fix, the availability of accurate time information, etc. In addition, the DPO may have no measurable impact to the GNSS positioning accuracy. Table 7 below shows an example power saving between a DPO mode and a non-DPO mode for a dual -band GNSS receiver (e.g., L1+L5 bands).

Table 8 below shows an example power saving between a DPO mode and a non-DPO mode for a single-band GNSS receiver (e.g., just LI band).

Table 8 - Example power saving of a DPO mode for a single-band GNSS receiver

[0117] Aspects presented herein are directed to dynamic GNSS switching between single band (SB) and multiband (MB) or triband (TB) under certain conditions to optimize power usage. Aspects presented herein include: identify scenarios when car is idling/static (e.g., static hold mode detection) or when overnight parked mode with ignition off, switch GNSS receiver to operate in minimal resource needs mode, e.g., LI solely (from MB or TB mode), till the motion is detected or till the QoS can be met by being in the minimal resource’s mode. Switching between the multiband (two- band) and SB configurations may be based on temperature to further optimize power usage.

[0118] FIG. 12 is a flowchart 1200 of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 1002; the GNSS device 506; the apparatus 1404). The method may enable the UE to switch a GNSS receiver from a multi-band mode to a single-band mode for tracking and performing location updates after detecting that a vehicle associated with the GNSS receiver is in an idle/stationary state.

[0119] At 1202, the UE may detect a vehicle is in an idle state, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1010, a UE 1002 (e.g., a GNSS receiver, a vehicle, a telematics, a navigation system, an OBU, etc.) may be configured to detect whether a vehicle is in an idle/static state. The detection of the vehicle in an idle state may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0120] In one example, to detect the vehicle is in the idle state, the UE may detect at least one of: an ignition of the vehicle is off, a duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold, or the vehicle is in a parked state. [0121] At 1204, the UE may detect, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multiband mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1012, if the UE 1002 detects that the vehicle is in the idle/static state, the UE 1002 may detect whether a GNSS receiver (or GNSS receivers) associated with the vehicle is operating under a multi -band GNSS configuration. The detection of whether the satellite signal receiver is operating in a multi-band mode may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0122] In one example, the satellite signal receiver is a GNSS receiver.

[0123] At 1210, the UE may switch the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1020, if the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above (and equal to) the temperature threshold (e.g., Tj > N °C), then at 1022, the UE 1002 may switch the GNSS receiver to a single-band mode (e.g., by applying a single-band GNSS configuration) from the multi -band mode. The switch of the satellite signal receiver may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0124] In one example, the temperature threshold may be 105 degrees Celsius (°C).

[0125] In another example, the satellite signal receiver may use a level 1 (LI) band in the single-band mode, and the satellite signal receiver may use an LI and level 5 (L5) (L1+L5) band or a level 2 (L2) band in the multi -band mode or an L1+L2+L5 band in the multi-band mode.

[0126] In another example, the UE may measure the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver prior to the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1014, the UE 1002 may measure or check the temperature (e.g., the junction temperature (Tj) of the GNSS receiver. The detection of the vehicle in an idle state may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0127] In another example, the UE may maintain operating the satellite signal receiver in the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) is below the temperature threshold, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1018, if the temperature of the GNSS receiver is below the temperature threshold (e.g., Tj < N °C), the UE 1002 may enable/permit the GNSS receiver to remain in the multi -band GNSS configuration, and continue to check/monitor for the temperature of the GNSS receiver as shown at 1014. The detection of the vehicle in an idle state may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0128] In another example, the UE may perform a set of location updates using the satellite signal receiver after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to the single-band mode and the vehicle is in the idle state, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, after switching the GNSS receiver to the single-band GNSS configuration, the GNSS receiver (or the UE 1002) may continue to perform satellite tracking and positioning/location updates based on the single-band mode. The set of location updates may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0129] In another example, the UE may modify an update rate of the satellite signal receiver if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the single-band mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1022, in some implementations, the UE 1002 may also modify (e.g., reduce) the update rate of the GNSS receiver. The modification of the update rate may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14. In some implementations, to modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver, the UE may modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver when the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above the temperature threshold. [0130] In another example, the UE may activate a dynamic power optimization (DPO) mode for the satellite signal receiver, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1026, the UE 1002 may also be configured to activate a DPO mode for the GNSS receiver (e.g., when the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above the temperature threshold. The activation of the DPO mode may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14. In some implementations, the satellite signal receiver may be off for a defined duration or based on a defined pattern in the DPO mode

[0131] In another example, the UE may output an indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, in some implementations, the UE 1002 may also configured to output an indication that the GNSS receiver is switched to a single-band GNSS configuration. The output of the indication may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14. In some implementations, to output the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the UE may transmit the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, or store the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0132] In another example, the UE may switch, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver falls below the temperature threshold.

[0133] In another example, the UE may switch, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the vehicle is not in the idle state.

[0134] FIG. 13 is a flowchart 1300 of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 1002; the GNSS device 506; the apparatus 1404). The method may enable the UE to switch a GNSS receiver from a multi-band mode to a single-band mode for tracking and performing location updates after detecting that a vehicle associated with the GNSS receiver is in an idle/stationary state.

[0135] At 1302, the UE may detect a vehicle is in an idle state, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1010, a UE 1002 (e.g., a GNSS receiver, a vehicle, a telematics, a navigation system, an OBU, etc.) may be configured to detect whether a vehicle is in an idle/static state. The detection of the vehicle in an idle state may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0136] In one example, to detect the vehicle is in the idle state, the UE may detect at least one of: an ignition of the vehicle is off, a duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold, or the vehicle is in a parked state.

[0137] At 1304, the UE may detect, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multiband mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1012, if the UE 1002 detects that the vehicle is in the idle/static state, the UE 1002 may detect whether a GNSS receiver (or GNSS receivers) associated with the vehicle is operating under a multi -band GNSS configuration. The detection of whether the satellite signal receiver is operating in a multi-band mode may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0138] In one example, the satellite signal receiver is a GNSS receiver.

[0139] At 1310, the UE may switch the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1020, if the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above (and equal to) the temperature threshold (e.g., Tj > N °C), then at 1022, the UE 1002 may switch the GNSS receiver to a single-band mode (e.g., by applying a single-band GNSS configuration) from the multi-band mode. The switch of the satellite signal receiver may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0140] In one example, the temperature threshold may be 105 degrees Celsius (°C).

[0141] In another example, the satellite signal receiver may use a level 1 (LI) band in the single-band mode, and the satellite signal receiver may use an LI and level 5 (L5) (L1+L5) band or a level 2 (L2) band in the multi -band mode or an L1+L2+L5 band in the multi-band mode.

[0142] In another example, at 1306, the UE may measure the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver prior to the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1014, the UE 1002 may measure or check the temperature (e.g., the junction temperature (Tj) of the GNSS receiver. The detection of the vehicle in an idle state may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0143] In another example, at 1308, the UE may maintain operating the satellite signal receiver in the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) is below the temperature threshold, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1018, if the temperature of the GNSS receiver is below the temperature threshold (e.g., Tj < N °C), the UE 1002 may enable/permit the GNSS receiver to remain in the multi-band GNSS configuration, and continue to check/monitor for the temperature of the GNSS receiver as shown at 1014. The detection of the vehicle in an idle state may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0144] In another example, at 1312, the UE may perform a set of location updates using the satellite signal receiver after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to the singleband mode and the vehicle is in the idle state, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, after switching the GNSS receiver to the single-band GNSS configuration, the GNSS receiver (or the UE 1002) may continue to perform satellite tracking and positioning/location updates based on the single-band mode. The set of location updates may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14.

[0145] In another example, at 1314, the UE may modify an update rate of the satellite signal receiver if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the single-band mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1022, in some implementations, the UE 1002 may also modify (e.g., reduce) the update rate of the GNSS receiver. The modification of the update rate may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14. In some implementations, to modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver, the UE may modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver when the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above the temperature threshold.

[0146] In another example, at 1316, the UE may activate a DPO mode for the satellite signal receiver, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, at 1026, the UE 1002 may also be configured to activate a DPO mode for the GNSS receiver (e.g., when the temperature of the GNSS receiver is above the temperature threshold. The activation of the DPO mode may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14. In some implementations, the satellite signal receiver may be off for a defined duration or based on a defined pattern in the DPO mode.

[0147] In another example, at 1318, the UE may output an indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, such as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, in some implementations, the UE 1002 may also configured to output an indication that the GNSS receiver is switched to a singleband GNSS configuration. The output of the indication may be performed by, e.g., the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198, the SPS module 1416, the transceiver(s) 1422, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, and/or the application processor(s) 1406 of the apparatus 1404 in FIG. 14. In some implementations, to output the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the UE may transmit the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, or store the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0148] In another example, the UE may switch, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver falls below the temperature threshold.

[0149] In another example, the UE may switch, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the vehicle is not in the idle state.

[0150] FIG. 14 is a diagram 1400 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1404. The apparatus 1404 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1424 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1422 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 may include at least one on-chip memory 1424'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1420 and at least one application processor 1406 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1408 and a screen 1410. The application processor(s) 1406 may include on-chip memory 1406'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may further include a Bluetooth module 1412, a WLAN module 1414, an ultrawide band (UWB) module 1438 (e.g., a UWB transceiver), an SPS module 1416 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensors 1418 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and/or accelerometer(s); light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and/or other technologies used for positioning), additional memory modules 1426, a power supply 1430, and/or a camera 1432. The Bluetooth module 1412, the UWB module 1438, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include their own dedicated antennas and/or utilize the antennas 1480 for communication. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 communicates through the transceiver s) 1422 via one or more antennas 1480 with the UE 104 and/or with an RU associated with a network entity 1402. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and the application processor(s) 1406 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', respectively. The additional memory modules 1426 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', 1426 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and the application processor(s) 1406 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 / application processor(s) 1406, causes the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 / application processor(s) 1406 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and the application processor(s) 1406 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory. That is, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and the application processor(s) 1406 may be configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described supra without information stored in the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 / application processor(s) 1406 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 / application processor(s) 1406 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and/or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 may be at least one processor chip (modem and/or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and/or the application processor(s) 1406, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1404.

[0151] As discussed supra, the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 may be configured to detect a vehicle is in an idle state. The GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 may also be configured to detect, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode. The GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 may also be configured to switch the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multiband mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold. The GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424, the application processor(s) 1406, or both the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and the application processor(s) 1406. The GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes/algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1404 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404, and in particular the cellular baseband processor(s) 1424 and/or the application processor(s) 1406, may include means for detecting a vehicle is in an idle state. The apparatus 1404 may further include means for detecting, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode. The apparatus 1404 may further include means for switching the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

[0152] In one configuration, the means for detecting the vehicle is in the idle state may include configuring the apparatus 1404 to detect at least one of: an ignition of the vehicle is off, a duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold, or the vehicle is in a parked state.

[0153] In another configuration, the satellite signal receiver is a GNSS receiver.

[0154] In another configuration, the temperature threshold may be 105 degrees Celsius (°C).

[0155] In another configuration, the satellite signal receiver may use a level 1 (LI) band in the single-band mode, and the satellite signal receiver may use an LI and level 5 (L5) (L1+L5) band or a level 2 (L2) band in the multi -band mode or an L1+L2+L5 band in the multi-band mode. [0156] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for measuring the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver prior to the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0157] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for maintaining operating the satellite signal receiver in the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) is below the temperature threshold.

[0158] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for performing a set of location updates using the satellite signal receiver after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to the single-band mode and the vehicle is in the idle state.

[0159] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for modifying an update rate of the satellite signal receiver if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the single-band mode. In some implementations, the means for modifying the update rate of the satellite signal receiver may include configuring the apparatus 1404 to modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver when the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above the temperature threshold.

[0160] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for activating a DPO mode for the satellite signal receiver. In some implementations, the satellite signal receiver may be off for a defined duration or based on a defined pattern in the DPO mode.

[0161] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for outputting an indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode. In some implementations, the means for outputting the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode may include configuring the apparatus 1404 to transmit the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, or store the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0162] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for switching, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver falls below the temperature threshold.

[0163] In another configuration, the apparatus 1404 may further include means for switching, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the vehicle is not in the idle state.

[0164] The means may be the GNSS receiver mode switch component 198 of the apparatus 1404 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1404 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0165] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0166] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when,” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received/transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and/or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

[0167] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.

[0168] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.

[0169] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting a vehicle is in an idle state; detecting, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode; and switching the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

[0170] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein detecting the vehicle is in the idle state comprises detecting at least one of an ignition of the vehicle is off, a duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold, or the vehicle is in a parked state.

[0171] Aspect 3 is the method of aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein the satellite signal receiver is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver.

[0172] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 3, further comprising: measuring the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver prior to the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0173] Aspect 5 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the temperature threshold is 105 degrees Celsius (°C).

[0174] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, further comprising: maintaining operating the satellite signal receiver in the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) is below the temperature threshold.

[0175] Aspect 7 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the satellite signal receiver uses a level 1 (LI) band in the single-band mode, and wherein the satellite signal receiver uses an LI and level 5 (L5) (L1+L5) band or a level 2 (L2) band in the multiband mode or an L1+L2+L5 band in the multi -band mode.

[0176] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 7, further comprising: performing a set of location updates using the satellite signal receiver after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to the single-band mode and the vehicle is in the idle state.

[0177] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, further comprising: switching, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver falls below the temperature threshold.

[0178] Aspect 10 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising: switching, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the vehicle is not in the idle state.

[0179] Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, further comprising: modifying an update rate of the satellite signal receiver if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the single-band mode.

[0180] Aspect 12 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 11, wherein modifying the update rate of the satellite signal receiver comprises: modifying the update rate of the satellite signal receiver when the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above the temperature threshold.

[0181] Aspect 13 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 12, further comprising: activating a dynamic power optimization (DPO) mode for the satellite signal receiver.

[0182] Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the satellite signal receiver is off for a defined duration or based on a defined pattern in the DPO mode.

[0183] Aspect 15 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 14, further comprising: outputting an indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0184] Aspect 16 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 15, wherein outputting the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode comprises: transmitting the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode; or storing the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

[0185] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), including: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0186] Aspect 18 is the apparatus of aspect 17, further including at least one transceiver or one or more sensors coupled to the at least one processor. [0187] Aspect 19 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0188] Aspect 20 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 16.

Claims

CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: detect a vehicle is in an idle state; detect, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multiband mode; and switch the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to detect the vehicle is in the idle state, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to detect at least one of: an ignition of the vehicle is off, a duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold, or the vehicle is in a parked state.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: measure the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver prior to the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature threshold is 105 degrees Celsius (°C).

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: maintain operating the satellite signal receiver in the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) is below the temperature threshold.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: perform a set of location updates using the satellite signal receiver after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to the single-band mode and the vehicle is in the idle state.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: switch, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver falls below the temperature threshold.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: switch, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the vehicle is not in the idle state.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: modify an update rate of the satellite signal receiver if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the single-band mode.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: modify the update rate of the satellite signal receiver when the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above the temperature threshold.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: activate a dynamic power optimization (DPO) mode for the satellite signal receiver.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the satellite signal receiver is off for a defined duration or based on a defined pattern in the DPO mode.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: output an indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein to output the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: transmit the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode; or store the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

15. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting a vehicle is in an idle state; detecting, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode; and switching the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein detecting the vehicle is in the idle state comprises detecting at least one of: an ignition of the vehicle is off, a duration of the vehicle being stationary exceeds a time threshold, or the vehicle is in a parked state.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: measuring the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver prior to the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the temperature threshold is 105 degrees Celsius (°C).

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: maintaining operating the satellite signal receiver in the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) is below the temperature threshold.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising: performing a set of location updates using the satellite signal receiver after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to the single-band mode and the vehicle is in the idle state.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising: switching, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the singleband mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver falls below the temperature threshold.

22. The method of claim 15, further comprising: switching, after the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the singleband mode, the satellite signal receiver back to the multi-band mode if the vehicle is not in the idle state.

23. The method of claim 15, further comprising: modifying an update rate of the satellite signal receiver if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the single-band mode.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein modifying the update rate of the satellite signal receiver comprises: modifying the update rate of the satellite signal receiver when the junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above the temperature threshold.

25. The method of claim 15, further comprising: activating a dynamic power optimization (DPO) mode for the satellite signal receiver.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the satellite signal receiver is off for a defined duration or based on a defined pattern in the DPO mode.

27. The method of claim 15, further comprising: outputting an indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein outputting the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode comprises: transmitting the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode; or storing the indication of the switch of the satellite signal receiver to operate in the single-band mode.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: means for detecting a vehicle is in an idle state; means for detecting, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode; and means for switching the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.

30. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to: detect a vehicle is in an idle state; detect, based on the detection that the vehicle is in the idle state, whether a satellite signal receiver associated with the vehicle is operating in a multi-band mode; and switch the satellite signal receiver to operate in a single-band mode if the satellite signal receiver is operating in the multi-band mode and a junction temperature (Tj) of the satellite signal receiver is above a temperature threshold.