WO2025124600A1 - Treatment method for laterite-nickel ore acid leaching residues, and active material - Google Patents

Abstract

A treatment method for laterite-nickel ore acid leaching residues, and an active material. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, mixing laterite-nickel ore acid leaching residues, an adjusting material, a fluxing material and a reducing agent, and pressing the mixture, so as to obtain a prefabricate; step S2, roasting the prefabricate to obtain roasting slag and hot flue gas, wherein the hot flue gas is used for preparing an acid; step S3, subjecting the roasting slag to magnetic separation, so as to obtain a refined iron material and tailings; and step S4, mixing the tailings, an active feed and an excitation material, and grinding the mixture, so as to obtain an active material. The treatment method has the characteristics of a large solid waste consumption, multiple types of generated products, a high product output value, a low comprehensive production cost, a high resource utilization rate, etc., and provides a more effective solution way for full recovery of valuable components and full-component recycling of laterite-nickel ore acid leaching residues.

Description

Treatment method of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, active materials Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and in particular to a method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue and an active material.

Background Art

At present, nickel ores are mainly divided into two categories worldwide: nickel sulfide ores and laterite nickel ores. According to the proven reserves, the reserves of the two nickel ores are approximately 1:3. In the past, nickel sulfide ores were mainly used worldwide, but as its reserves gradually decreased, laterite nickel ores are now gradually used as the main source of nickel sulfide ores, and the proportion is gradually exceeding that of nickel sulfide ores.

Nowadays, the largest amount of laterite nickel ore is mainly used to produce stainless steel raw materials - nickel-iron alloys using the RKEF pyrometallurgical process. The waste slag produced is mainly nickel-iron slag. Most of the Ni and Fe elements in the laterite nickel ore are reduced into nickel-iron, and the main components of the solid slag are MgO and SiO _2. However, this smelting process has the problems of high power consumption and high production cost. Since components such as MgO and SiO ₂ in laterite nickel ore are easy to form high melting point phases during the smelting process, a higher furnace temperature is often required to ensure the separation of slag and iron. The amount of slag produced is also large, and the resource utilization rate is low. With the development of new energy battery materials, the market demand for nickel product types has gradually increased, and with the reduction of Ni grade in laterite nickel ore, the use of wet acid leaching process to treat laterite nickel ore has gradually become a development trend. In this case, various waste slags will continue to be produced, including iron-containing acid leaching slag, iron-aluminum slag, gypsum slag and other process waste slags. As the hydrometallurgical process of laterite nickel ore is still in its initial development stage in China, most of the acid leaching slag of laterite nickel ore is still mainly stockpiled, and a small part is processed into ironmaking raw materials or iron red pigment products, with small usage and low economic efficiency. It also fails to achieve comprehensive utilization of waste slag in the whole process, and still lacks the characteristics of resource conservation, product diversity, and waste-free output.

In this way, with the large-scale use of laterite nickel ore, a large amount of laterite nickel ore acid leaching slag will inevitably be produced. The storage of a large amount of laterite nickel ore acid leaching slag not only pollutes the environment, but also the residual Fe, Ni and other metal elements in the slag are lost, resulting in a waste of resources. my country is a typical country with insufficient nickel and iron resources. It needs to import a large amount of nickel ore and iron ore and other mineral resources from abroad every year. Laterite nickel ore is almost completely imported. If the Fe, Ni and other metal elements in these acid-leached laterite slag can be recycled and the remaining tailings can be made into building materials, the utilization efficiency of laterite nickel ore resources can be greatly improved.

Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue to solve the problem that the existing laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue has a low resource utilization rate and most of it can only be stored, which fails to give full play to the economic value of the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution.

Summary of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue and an active material to solve the problem that the prior art cannot effectively utilize laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is provided, comprising the following steps: step S1, mixing and pressing laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, adjusting material, fluxing material and reducing agent to obtain a preform; step S2, roasting the preform to obtain hot slag and hot flue gas, and the hot flue gas is used to make acid; step S3, magnetically separating the hot slag to obtain refined iron material and tailings; step S4, mixing and grinding the tailings, active material and stimulating material to obtain active material; wherein the adjusting material is iron-containing waste slag; the fluxing material is an alkaline substance containing one or more of CaO, MgO and _Na2O ; the active material is selected from one or more of ferronickel slag, fly ash, blast furnace slag, bottom ash or coal slag; the stimulating material is selected from one or more of desulfurized gypsum, steel slag tailings, carbide slag, quicklime, limestone, slaked lime or cement clinker.

Further, the hot slag includes the following components: 38-52 wt% Fe, 4-13 wt% FeO, 8-22 wt% SiO ₂ , 5-23 wt% CaO, 1-6 wt% Al ₂ O ₃ and 1-4 wt% MgO.

Further, the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue comprises the following components: 48-68wt% _{Fe2O3 ,} 8-17wt% _SO3 , _1-5wt % CaO, 6-25wt% _SiO2 , 1-4wt% MgO and 3-8wt% _Al2O3 .

Furthermore, the hot flue gas includes SO ₂ , and the volume concentration of SO ₂ is 4-10%.

Further, in step S1, based on the weight of dry ore, the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjusting material is 3 to 28 parts, the fluxing material is 0.5 to 22 parts, and the reducing agent is 5 to 20 parts.

Furthermore, in step S4, based on the weight of dry ore, the tailings are 20 to 40 parts, the active material is 50 to 70 parts, and the stimulating material is 3 to 10 parts.

Furthermore, in step S2, the calcination temperature is 900-1250°C, and the calcination time is 1-2h.

Furthermore, the volume concentration of O ₂ in the combustion-supporting gas used in the roasting process is 40 to 60%.

Furthermore, the fuel used in the roasting process is selected from natural gas and/or coal powder.

Furthermore, the volume concentration of _O2 in the hot flue gas is ≤5%, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is ≥300°C.

Furthermore, the iron-containing waste slag is selected from one or more of steel slag, wet iron-aluminum slag or nickel smelting slag.

Furthermore, the alkaline substance is selected from one or more of limestone, dolomite, quicklime, gypsum slag, carbide slag or magnesium slag.

Furthermore, the reducing agent is selected from a solid reducing agent having a carbon content of 40 to 90% and a calorific value of ≥3000 kcal/kg.

Furthermore, the reducing agent is selected from one or more of anthracite, lignite, coke, waste graphite electrodes, and biomass waste.

Furthermore, in step S1, before pressing, the processing method further includes subjecting the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, the adjustment material, and the flux material to a first crushing process to control the particle size of the material to be ≤10 mm.

Furthermore, in step S3, before magnetic separation, the processing method further includes the step of air cooling the hot slag to obtain slag.

Furthermore, in step S3, the cinder is subjected to a second crushing process and a grinding process in sequence, and the particle size of the cinder after the grinding process meets the following requirement: more than 35% by mass of the cinder after the grinding process has a particle size of ≤0.074 mm.

Furthermore, in step S3, the magnetic separation includes two magnetic separation processes performed sequentially, and the magnetic field strength of the two magnetic separation processes is independently 80-250 kA/m.

Furthermore, the magnetic field strength of the first magnetic separation process is higher than that of the second magnetic separation process, and the first magnetic separation strength is 150-250 kA/m, and the second magnetic separation strength is 80-150 kA/m.

To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, an active material is provided, which is obtained by the aforementioned method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, and the specific surface area of the active material is ≥350m ² /kg.

By applying the technical scheme of the present invention, the present application can further effectively recover the Fe element in the laterite nickel acid leaching residue by adjusting the material, the flux material and the reducing agent to cooperate with each other. The treatment method of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue of the present invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue, has a high recovery rate of residual valuable Fe metal, realizes the full utilization of valuable metals (such as Fe, Ni), sulfur and other components, not only realizes the recycling of valuable metals, but also realizes the recycling of sulfur resources, and reduces the procurement cost of sulfuric acid. At the same time, the treatment method of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue of the present invention can achieve the purpose of coordinated treatment and utilization of various iron-containing waste slags produced in other nickel metallurgy (including hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy), steel metallurgy, thermal power and other surrounding supporting industrial production. The treatment method of the present invention has the characteristics of large solid waste consumption, many types of generated products, high product output value, low comprehensive production cost, high resource utilization rate, etc., and provides a more effective solution for the full recovery of valuable components and full component resource utilization of laterite nickel acid leaching residue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

FIG1 shows a flow chart of a method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue in one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

As described in the background technology section of this application, the prior art cannot effectively utilize the problem of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue. In order to solve this problem, this application provides a method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, as shown in Figure 1, which includes the following steps: step S1, mixing and pressing laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, adjustment material, fluxing material and reducing agent to obtain a preform; step S2, roasting the preform to obtain hot slag and hot flue gas, and the hot flue gas is used to make acid; step S3, magnetically separating the hot slag to obtain refined iron material and tailings; step S4, mixing and grinding the tailings, active material and stimulating material to obtain active materials; wherein the adjustment material is iron-containing waste slag; the fluxing material is an alkaline substance containing one or more of CaO, MgO and Na2O; the active material is selected from one or more of nickel iron slag, fly ash, blast furnace slag, bottom slag or coal slag; the stimulating material is selected from one or more of desulfurized gypsum, steel slag tailings, carbide slag, quicklime, limestone, slaked lime or cement clinker.

The present invention first mixes and compresses the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, the adjusting material, the fluxing material and the reducing agent to obtain a preform, and then roasts the preform to obtain hot slag and hot flue gas (this part of the hot flue gas is sent to the acid-making system to produce concentrated sulfuric acid, etc.), and then magnetically separates the hot slag to obtain refined iron material and tailings. Among them, the refined iron material can be directly used as an iron raw material. Through the above-mentioned operation steps, the residual Fe and Ni elements in the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue are recycled; the tailings can be mixed with active materials and exciting materials for grinding to obtain active materials, which are used in the field of building materials, thereby effectively realizing the recycling of calcium elements in the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue.

Among them, the adjustment material is mainly used to adjust the ratio between the chemical components (alkaline components MgO, CaO and acidic components _SiO2 , _Al2O3 ) in _the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, which can make some weakly magnetic iron-containing materials in the material form magnetic iron-containing minerals, and then recover the Fe material by simple magnetic separation, thereby improving the recovery rate of Fe metal. At the same time, the adjustment material is selected from iron-containing waste slag, which can also effectively utilize such iron-containing solid waste to avoid waste of resources. The flux is an alkaline substance containing one or more of CaO, MgO, and _Na2O , which can react with acidic oxides such as _SiO2 in the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, _and release _Fe2O3 originally combined with _SiO2 , thereby improving the reduction reaction activity of iron oxides and increasing the yield of metallic iron.

In summary, the present application can further effectively recover the Fe element in the laterite nickel acid leaching residue by adjusting the material, the flux and the reducing agent. The treatment method of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue of the present invention realizes the comprehensive resource utilization of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue, has a high recovery rate of residual valuable Fe metal, realizes the full utilization of valuable metals (such as Fe, Ni), sulfur and other components, not only realizes the recycling of valuable metals, but also realizes the recycling of sulfur resources, and reduces the procurement cost of sulfuric acid. At the same time, the treatment method of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue of the present invention can achieve the purpose of coordinated treatment and utilization of various iron-containing waste slags produced in other nickel metallurgy (including hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy), steel metallurgy, thermal power and other surrounding supporting industrial production. The treatment method of the present invention has the characteristics of large solid waste consumption, many types of generated products, high product output value, low comprehensive production cost, high resource utilization rate, etc., and provides a more effective solution for the full recovery of valuable components and resource utilization of all components of the laterite nickel acid leaching residue.

The laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue of the present invention refers to the waste residue produced after the laterite nickel ore is treated by a wet acid leaching process, which includes the following components: 38-52wt% of Fe, 4-13wt% of FeO, 8-22wt% of SiO ₂ , 5-23wt% of CaO, 1-6wt% of Al ₂ O ₃ and 1-4wt% of MgO. The hot slag includes the following components: 48-68wt% of Fe ₂ O ₃ , 8-17wt% of SO ₃ , 1-5wt% of CaO, 6-25wt% of SiO ₂ , 1-4wt% of MgO and 3-8wt% of Al ₂ O ₃ . The hot flue gas includes SO ₂ , and the volume concentration of SO ₂ is 4-10%.

In a preferred embodiment, according to the weight of dry ore, the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjusting material is 3-28 parts, the flux is 0.5-22 parts, and the reducing agent is 5-20 parts. Based on this, the synergistic effect of the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue and the adjusting material, the flux, and the reducing agent is more significant, so that the Fe element of the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue can be fully reduced, and more laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue can be effectively treated, so that the iron content of the subsequent refined iron material is higher, and the performance of the tailings active material is better. At the same time, the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue within the above-mentioned ratio range and the adjusting material, the flux, and the reducing agent can improve the roasting metal reduction efficiency and reduce energy consumption and cost.

In order to further obtain active materials with better activity performance, preferably, based on the weight of dry ore, the tailings are 20 to 40 parts, the active material is 50 to 70 parts, and the stimulating material is 3 to 10 parts.

In order to further improve the resource utilization rate of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue and fully recycle the iron element, in step S2, the roasting temperature is 900-1250°C and the roasting time is 1-2h. When the roasting temperature is too high, it will lead to increased liquid content and over-sintering, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the roasting furnace and the energy consumption will also increase. When the roasting temperature is too low, the iron element cannot be fully reduced.

In order to further improve the roasting efficiency, preferably, the mixture of laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, adjustment material, flux material and reducing agent is pressed into blocks or spheres for roasting; preferably, the fuel used in the roasting process is selected from natural gas and/or coal powder; preferably, the preform roasting process can be roasted and reduced in a rotary kiln, a rotary hearth furnace, a sintering car, a belt roasting machine or a tunnel kiln. In a preferred embodiment, the volume concentration of _O2 in the combustion-supporting gas used in the roasting process is 40-60%. The present invention controls the volume concentration of _O2 in the combustion-supporting gas within the above range, which can achieve oxygen-enriched combustion and further reduce energy consumption.

In a preferred embodiment, the volume concentration of _O2 in the hot flue gas is ≤5%, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is ≥300°C. The hot flue gas of the present invention can be recycled as a raw material for acid production, realizing the recycling of sulfur resources of laterite nickel ore acid leaching slag and reducing the procurement cost of sulfuric acid in the laterite nickel ore wet acid leaching process. The present invention controls the volume concentration and temperature of _O2 in the hot flue gas discharged from the furnace, which can fully ensure the reducing atmosphere required for the reduction of metal oxides in the slag, while reducing the increase in production energy consumption caused by excessive CO generation and excessive flue gas temperature. Preferably, the volume concentration of _O2 in the hot flue gas is 2-4%, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is 300-350°C.

In some optional embodiments, the iron-containing waste slag is selected from one or more of steel slag, wet iron-aluminum slag or nickel smelting slag. The alkaline substance can be raw materials processed from natural ore resources, such as limestone, dolomite, quicklime, etc. From the perspective of turning waste into treasure, metallurgical and chemical waste slag can also be used, such as gypsum slag, carbide slag, magnesium slag, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, the reducing agent is selected from a solid reducing agent with a carbon content of 40-90% and a calorific value of ≥3000kcal/kg. The solid reducing agent selected from the above can promote the reduction of iron in the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue on the one hand, and can also be used as a fuel to improve the roasting efficiency and further improve the recovery rate of iron in the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue on the other hand. Preferably, the reducing agent can be selected from mineral fuels such as anthracite, lignite, coke, etc., and can also be selected from waste graphite electrodes and biomass waste (for example, straw, carbonized rice husk, etc.). Preferably, the particle size of the reducing agent is controlled to be ≤10mm.

In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, before pressing, the processing method further includes subjecting the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, the adjustment material, and the flux material to a first crushing process to control the particle size of the material to be ≤10 mm. The present invention crushes the above materials to control the particle size of the materials to be ≤10 mm so that the materials can be fully mixed and contacted with each other to improve the reaction efficiency. Preferably, the particle size of the material is 3 to 7 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, before magnetic separation, the processing method further includes the step of air cooling the hot slag to obtain the slag. After the above steps, the present invention can not only recover the waste heat of the hot slag to form cooling hot air, and continue to use it as combustion-supporting air, but also promote the formation of the glass phase of the slag tailings, and improve the potential hydration and gelling activity of the tailings. When the hot slag is cooled with air, the waste heat of the hot slag converts the cold air into hot air. The present invention then returns the hot air to the preform roasting process as part of the combustion-supporting gas, making full use of the waste heat of the flue gas and saving energy.

In order to facilitate the subsequent magnetic separation treatment and improve the separation of tailings and fine iron materials, preferably, in step S3, the slag is subjected to a second crushing treatment and a grinding treatment in sequence, and more than 35% of the slag by mass after the grinding treatment has a particle size of ≤0.074 mm.

In order to further improve the separation degree of tailings and refined iron materials and enhance the performance of the product. In step S3, the magnetic separation includes two magnetic separation processes performed in sequence, and the magnetic field strength of the two magnetic separation processes is independently 80-250 kA/m. Preferably, the magnetic field strength of the first magnetic separation process is higher than the magnetic field strength of the second magnetic separation process, and the first magnetic separation strength is 150-250 kA/m and the second magnetic separation strength is 80-150 kA/m.

The present invention also provides an active material, which is obtained by the aforementioned method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, and the specific surface area of the active material is ≥350m ² /kg.

Based on the above reasons, the active material obtained by the above treatment method has potential hydration activity and better activity. The better hydration activity allows the material to be used as an active admixture and can be directly sold as an active admixture to concrete, cement products and other production enterprises.

The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. These embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

Example 1

The composition of the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is: _{Fe2O3 is} 57wt%, _SiO2 is 15wt%, CaO is 4wt%, _Al2O3 is _3.7wt %, MgO is 1.7wt%, _SO3 is 11wt% and other impurities.

The laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, adjusting material (steel slag) and flux (quicklime) are crushed to a particle size of less than 10 mm, and then mixed with a reducing agent (anthracite) and pressed into balls to obtain a preform; wherein, based on the weight of the dry ore, the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjusting material is 15 parts, the flux is 2 parts, and the reducing agent is 15 parts.

The preformed product is sent to a rotary kiln for roasting, and the roasting temperature is controlled within the range of 1100-1150°C, and the roasting time is 2 hours. In the roasting process, natural gas is used as fuel, and oxygen-enriched combustion air with an oxygen volume concentration of 50% is blown in (wherein the volume concentration of each gas is: _O2 is 50%, _N2 is 49%, and _H2O is 1%), and hot slag (Fe is 43wt%, FeO is 6wt%, CaO is 8.1wt%, _SiO2 is 12.3wt%, _Al2O3 is _2.3wt %, and MgO is 1.4wt%) and hot flue gas are obtained. The hot flue gas is the flue gas from the roasting furnace, and the _SO2 component content is 7%, the flue gas temperature is 340°C, and the _O2 concentration is 5%. The recovered hot flue gas is used as a raw material for preparing concentrated sulfuric acid after cooling and dust removal.

The hot slag after being discharged from the furnace is air-cooled to 300°C to obtain slag, which is then crushed and ground. The particle size distribution of the slag after grinding is as follows: the weight of the residue after the slag passes through a 0.074 mm sieve is 25%. The ground slag is then subjected to two magnetic separations, with the magnetic field strength of the first magnetic separation being 240 kA/m to obtain middlings and tailings. The middlings are then subjected to secondary magnetic separation, with the magnetic field strength being 100 kA/m to obtain fine iron (TFe content being 78%, Fe recovery rate being 92%) and tailings.

According to the weight of dry ore, 30 parts of tailings, 65 parts of active material (fly ash) and 5 parts of stimulating material (desulfurized gypsum) are mixed and ground until the specific surface area reaches ^400-450m2 /kg, and the active material is obtained.

Example 2

The difference from Example 1 is that the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjustment material is 28 parts, the flux material is 22 parts, and the reducing agent is 20 parts.

Example 3

The difference from Example 1 is that the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjusting material is 3 parts, the fluxing material is 0.5 parts, and the reducing agent is 5 parts.

Example 4

The difference from Example 1 is that the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjustment material is 15 parts, the flux is 2 parts, and the reducing agent is 2 parts.

Example 5

The difference from Example 1 is that the calcination temperature is 780-800° C. and the calcination time is 2 h.

Example 6

The difference from Example 1 is that the calcination temperature is 1380-1400° C. and the calcination time is 2 h.

Example 7

The difference from Example 1 is that the volume concentration of O ₂ in the combustion-supporting gas is 20%.

Example 8

The difference from Example 1 is that, based on the weight of dry ore, 20 parts of tailings, 70 parts of active materials and 10 parts of exciting materials are mixed and ground.

Example 9

The difference from Example 1 is that, based on the weight of dry ore, 37 parts of tailings, 50 parts of active materials and 3 parts of exciting materials are mixed and ground.

Example 10

The difference from Example 1 is that, based on the weight of dry ore, 50 parts of tailings, 30 parts of active materials and 20 parts of exciting materials are mixed and ground.

Performance Characterization

TFe test: Fe recovery rate = weight of iron ore concentrate × Fe content of iron ore concentrate/(∑ amount of each input material × Fe content of each input material) × 100%.

Activity index test: Tested according to GB/T 18046-2017. The test results of the above embodiment are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

A method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step S1, mixing the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, the adjusting material, the fluxing material and the reducing agent and pressing them to obtain a preform; Step S2, roasting the preform to obtain hot slag and hot flue gas, wherein the hot flue gas is used to produce acid; Step S3, magnetically separating the hot slag to obtain refined iron material and tailings; Step S4, mixing and grinding the tailings, active material and exciting material to obtain active material; Among them, the adjusting material is iron-containing waste slag; the fluxing material is an alkaline substance containing one or more of CaO, MgO, and _Na2O ; the active material is selected from one or more of nickel-iron slag, fly ash, blast furnace slag, bottom slag or coal slag; the exciting material is selected from one or more of desulfurized gypsum, steel slag tailings, carbide slag, quicklime, limestone, slaked lime or cement clinker. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot slag comprises the following components: 38-52wt% Fe, 4-13wt% FeO, 8-22wt% SiO ₂ , 5-23wt% CaO, 1-6wt% Al ₂ O ₃ and 1-4wt% MgO; The laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue comprises the following components: 48-68wt% Fe ₂ O ₃ , 8-17wt% SO ₃ , 1-5wt% CaO, 6-25wt% SiO ₂ , 1-4wt% MgO and 3-8wt% Al ₂ O ₃ ; The hot flue gas includes SO ₂ , and the volume concentration of the SO ₂ is 4-10%. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step S1, based on the weight of the dry ore, the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue is 100 parts, the adjusting material is 3 to 28 parts, the flux is 0.5 to 22 parts, and the reducing agent is 5 to 20 parts. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in the step S4, the tailings are 20 to 40 parts, the active material is 50 to 70 parts, and the stimulating material is 3 to 10 parts, calculated by weight of dry ore. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in step S2, the roasting temperature is 900 to 1250° C., and the roasting time is 1 to 2 hours; The volume concentration of _O2 in the combustion-supporting gas used in the roasting process is 40-60%; The fuel used in the roasting process is selected from natural gas and/or coal powder. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to claim 5 is characterized in that the volume concentration of _O2 in the hot flue gas is ≤5%, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is ≥300°C. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the iron-containing waste slag is selected from one or more of steel slag, wet iron-aluminum slag or nickel smelting slag; The alkaline substance is selected from one or more of limestone, dolomite, quicklime, gypsum slag, carbide slag or magnesium slag; The reducing agent is selected from a solid reducing agent with a carbon content of 40-90% and a calorific value of ≥3000kcal/kg. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in the step S1, before the pressing, the method further comprises performing a first crushing treatment on the laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue, the adjustment material, and the flux material to control the particle size of the material to be ≤10 mm; In the step S3, before the magnetic separation, the processing method further includes the step of air cooling the hot slag to obtain slag. The method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the step S3, the slag is subjected to a second crushing treatment and a grinding treatment in sequence, and the particle size of the slag after the grinding treatment meets the following requirements: more than 35% of the mass of the slag after the grinding treatment has a particle size of ≤0.074 mm; In step S3, the magnetic separation includes two magnetic separation processes performed sequentially, and the magnetic field strength of the two magnetic separation processes is independently 80-250 kA/m. An active material, characterized in that the active material is obtained by the method for treating laterite nickel ore acid leaching residue according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the specific surface area of the active material is ^≥350m2 /kg.