CN106636625A - Method for producing ferronickel by adopting rotary kiln direct reduction-RKEF (Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace) combination method - Google Patents
Method for producing ferronickel by adopting rotary kiln direct reduction-RKEF (Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace) combination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106636625A CN106636625A CN201710009624.3A CN201710009624A CN106636625A CN 106636625 A CN106636625 A CN 106636625A CN 201710009624 A CN201710009624 A CN 201710009624A CN 106636625 A CN106636625 A CN 106636625A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- rotary kiln
- ferronickel
- nickel ore
- rkef
- lateritic nickel
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- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/006—Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/06—Alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing ferronickel by adopting a rotary kiln direct reduction-RKEF (Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace) combination method. The method comprises the following steps: drying a laterite nickel ore for later use; crushing and screening an appropriate amount of the dried laterite nickel ore, and then mixing the screened laterite nickel ore with a carbonaceous reducing agent and dolomite to obtain a mixture A, wherein the carbonaceous reducing agent accounts for 17-25% of the mass of the mixture A; preparing the mixture A into pellets, delivering the pellets into a first rotary kiln for calcination, and screening the calcined sand to obtain coarse ferronickel particles with a dreg content of 50-60%; and mixing the coarse ferronickel particles with the dried laterite nickel ore and limestone, delivering the mixture into a second rotary kiln for calcination, and melting the calcined sand directly in a submerged arc furnace to obtain molten iron containing ferronickel, wherein a secondary voltage of the submerged arc furnace is 275-315V, a primary current is 380-420A, and the temperature of the molten iron in the submerged arc furnace is 1500-1540 DEG C. The ferronickel obtained by the method provided by the invention is higher in recovery rate and purity, and the energy consumption is kept at a relatively low level.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology technical field, especially a kind of to be given birth to using rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods
The method for producing ferronickel.
Background technology
Divide by geologic origin, nickel ore resource is broadly divided into two big class：Nickel sulfide ore and lateritic nickel ore.Domestic nickel ore resource
Mainly nickel sulfide ore, lateritic nickel ore is few.As the soaring and economic development of nickel valency is increased to the demand of metallic nickel, original sulphur
Change nickel ore resource far from the market demand is met, China starts from countries in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Philippine to enter in a large number
Mouthful lateritic nickel ore, by the 2010 accumulative import nickel minerals of end of the year China（Lateritic nickel ore）25000000 tons, in recent years still with annual
More than 20% speed increases.
At present, the processing method of domestic and international lateritic nickel ore mainly has two kinds of smelting processes of pyrogenic process and wet method；Wherein pyrogenic process smelting
Refining is because having flow process short, and three wastes discharge amount is few, the features such as technical maturity, it has also become the main technique of smelting laterite-nickel ores.Wherein,
In pyrometallurgical smelting using it is wide be rotary kiln for directly reducing method and RKEF methods（That is rotary kiln drying prereduction-electro-smelting
Technique）.
The technological process of traditional rotary kiln for directly reducing method smelting ferronickel is after raw ore drying, broken, screening process
Mix briquetting in proportion with flux, reducing agent, nodulizing Jing rotary kilns are dried and high temperature reduction roasting, generate dilval,
The mixture of the slag that dilval is produced with rotary kiln is processed again through water quenching, crushing and screening, magnetic separation etc., obtains the granular nickel of sponge
Iron product.The great advantage of the technique is that flow process is short, and energy consumption is low, low production cost, and reason is that the process energy consumption only reduces roasting
An operation is burnt, and rotary kiln baking process can do fuel using cheap coal, greatly reduce energy resource consumption.The technique lack
Put and be：The ferronickel granule purity produced is low, be directly used in stainless steel smelting the resistance to material of stainless steel smelting equipment is caused it is very big
Damage, greatly reduce service life of refractory material, meanwhile, be directly used as that the stainless steel smelting quantity of slag is big, metal recovery rate is low（Gold
The category rate of recovery is generally below 70%）.
The flow process of traditional RKEF methods ferronickel smelting proces is：Stock yard → screening, broken and mixing dosage → rotary kiln →
Mineral hot furnace → desulfurization → obtain the molten iron containing ferronickel.The technique has that Technological adaptability is strong, short flow, nickel recovery are high
（Up to 90～95%）The advantages of.The shortcoming of the technique is as follows：（1）Energy consumption is big, and the average melting power consumption of calcining is 502 in electric furnace
KWh/t, only power consumption one just account for the 50% of cost, add the fuel consumption of the pretreating process such as the drying before melting, roasting most
Big energy consumption cost may be up to more than 65%；（2）Lateritic nickel ore nickel grade to processing there are certain requirements, nickeliferous every in lateritic nickel ore
1% is reduced, production cost about improves 3～4%；（3）The quantity of slag produced after rotary kiln baking is big, and the process of slag is also a disaster
Topic.
Application publication number discloses a kind of the double of employing magnetic separation-RKEF productions ferronickel for the Chinese patent of CN105463185A
Linked method, the method by the way that lateritic nickel ore, reducing agent and solvent are mixed in proportion after formed mixture（Wherein, reducing agent
Account for the 7-13% of amount of the mixture）Carry out carrying out magnetic concentration after rotary kiln magnetizing roast, then by the product after enrichment with other things
Material（Including reducing agent, solvent and lateritic nickel ore etc.）According to certain proportioning carry out after dispensing send into RKEF rotary kilns in carry out it is pre-
Heat, then hot charging adds to be restored in electric furnace carries out slag sluicing system, obtains the molten iron containing ferronickel.The technical scheme reality of the patent
Show and effectively combined rotary kiln for directly reducing method with RKEF methods, by exchanging brickkiln magnetizing roast and magnetic concentration so that produced
Nickel in product is enriched with, and reduces energy consumption, meanwhile, ferronickel metal recovery rate is up to 90%, and ferronickel metal purity is up to
60%.But, ferronickel metal recovery rate and ferronickel metal purity are still relatively low in prior art.
The content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of ferro-nickel recovery rate and purity are higher, and the employing that energy consumption is kept low is returned
The method that rotary kiln direct-reduction-RKEF combination methods produce ferronickel.
The method for producing ferronickel using rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods, comprises the following steps：
（1）Lateritic nickel ore is dried, dried lateritic nickel ore is obtained, it is standby；
（2）Taking appropriate dried lateritic nickel ore carries out scalping, broken, dusting cover, and screening obtains the lateritic nickel ore of particle diameter≤8mm；
（3）By step（2）The lateritic nickel ore of the particle diameter≤8mm for obtaining is mixed with carbonaceous reducing agent, dolomite, obtains batch mixing A, carbon
It is 17-25% that matter reducing agent accounts for the mass percent of batch mixing A, and it is 0-3% that dolomite accounts for the mass percent of batch mixing A；
（4）Batch mixing A is made after pelletizing, the first rotary kiln baking is sent into and is obtained calcining, material always stopping in the first rotary kiln
The time is stayed to be 150-260 min, the temperature of furnace zone is 700-1300 DEG C in the first rotary kiln；
（5）The calcining Jing water quenchings of the first rotary kiln generation, broken, magnetic separation obtain the thick ferronickel particle that dregginess is 50-60%；
（6）To step（5）The dregginess for obtaining for 50-60% thick ferronickel particle in add appropriate step（1）In obtained drying
Lateritic nickel ore afterwards is mixed, and obtains mixed material B, and dregginess is 45- for the percentage that the thick ferronickel particle of 50-60% accounts for mixed material B
75%；
（7）Lime stone is added in mixed material B, and sends into the second rotary kiln baking together, material always stopping in the second rotary kiln
The time is stayed to be 90-120 min, the temperature of furnace zone is 750-800 DEG C in the second rotary kiln, the discharge outlet of the second rotary kiln
Temperature of charge is 750-800 DEG C；
（8）Calcining from the second rotary kiln out is direct plungeed in mineral hot furnace and is melted, the secondary voltage of mineral hot furnace is 275-
315V, primary current are 380-420A, and the temperature of molten iron is 1500-1540 DEG C in mineral hot furnace, obtains the molten iron containing ferronickel.
The present invention Advantageous Effects be：
（1）The addition of carbonaceous reducing agent accounts for the percentage of compound and is usually 7-13% in existing rotary kiln for directly reducing method,
And in theory, the chemical reaction of ferronickel production is as follows：
2C+O2=2CO
NiO+C=Ni+CO
NiO+CO=Ni+CO2
Fe2O3+3CO=2Fe+3CO2,
In the activity command of metal, the reproducibility of iron is more than the reproducibility of nickel so that the nickel ion in ore is better than iron ion
It is reduced, so, nickel was reduced out before iron；When iron percent reduction >=60%, theory thinks that nickel 100% is all gone back
It is former；As long as also, rotary kiln temperature be more than 570 DEG C when, iron just can be reduced.According to reduction Chemical Calculation, also original production
Going out 1 ton of nickel needs 0.205 ton of carbon, and restoring 1 ton of iron needs 0.214 ton of carbon.It is completely reduced according to nickel and iron all 100%, 100
In the ore deposit of ton aqueous 30%, nickeliferous 1.7 tons, 17 tons of iron content needs 3.98 tons of carbon.That is, in theory, carbonaceous is also
The addition of former agent accounts for the percentage of compound and is more than 3.98%（For example：The addition of carbonaceous reducing agent of the prior art accounts for mixed
The percentage for closing material is 7-13%）, just be enough to enable nickel and iron Restore All.But, the present inventor is in process of the test
It was found that：In the case where other conditions are constant, the addition of carbonaceous reducing agent in the prior art accounts for the percentage of compound
On the basis of for 7-13%, the addition of reducing agent is properly increased, rotary kiln for directly reducing method obtains returning for nickel and iron in calcining
Yield may continue to improve, and reason is probably：Carbonaceous reducing agent exists to a certain degree during roasting in the first rotary kiln
Scaling loss so that, in theory enough carbonaceous reducing agents are actually unable in meeting the demand of complete reduced nickel, iron.Therefore, this Shen
Asking someone, it is conventional to break through, by the step of the present invention（3）The addition of middle carbonaceous reducing agent is improved to carbonaceous reducing agent and accounts for the hundred of batch mixing A
Divide than being 17-25% so that nickel, iron of the batch mixing A Jing after the first rotary kiln in batch mixing A is reduced completely so that ferronickel is able to most
The enrichment of big degree, is that raising ferronickel purity and ferro-nickel recovery rate are made contributions, meanwhile, also avoid excessive carbonaceous reducing agent band
Carry out the waste of cost；
（2）Due to batch mixing A, ferronickel reduction therein is more thorough Jing after the first rotary kiln so that in the calcining that the first rotary kiln is produced
The ratio of iron is relative to be improved, and the electric conductivity for bringing the raising of the ratio of iron in mineral hot furnace material, iron is better than the stainless steel sludges such as nickel
In other metallic elements so that the electric conductivity of mineral hot furnace material is largely improved, in being unfavorable for RKEF techniques
The Electrode Operation of mineral hot furnace, if now mineral hot furnace still using conventional, " secondary voltage is selected between 420-510V, once electricity
Stream select between 280-320A " height force down if the mode of operation of stream, mineral hot furnace cannot be heated persistently, be caused in mineral hot furnace
Molten iron temperature is unable to reach more than 1450 DEG C, has a strong impact on the rate of recovery of ferronickel metal, in consideration of it, the present inventor breaks through routine,
Mineral hot furnace is set as into the high stream mode of operation of the low pressure of " secondary voltage is 275-315V, and primary current is 380-420A ", it is just real
The molten iron temperature for having showed mineral hot furnace reaches 1500-1540 DEG C of technique effect so that the material in mineral hot furnace is reduced completely
Melting, to improve ferro-nickel recovery rate；
（3）The present invention by the first rotary kiln is obtained the dregginess of calcining control and above-mentioned compound B in each into
The control of point ratio, finally causes final ferronickel metal recovery rate to reach more than 93.5%, significantly larger than the highest of prior art
Value 90%, also, ferronickel purity reaches more than 92.7%, significantly larger than the 60% of prior art；
（4）Further, since the addition of carbonaceous reducing agent is improved in the first rotary kiln, it is the time of staying and the drop for shortening rotary kiln
The temperature of low rotary kiln provides condition, not only can improve production efficiency, while also avoid the generation of side reaction, also, first
Carbon residue in the calcining that rotary kiln is produced is sufficient for follow-up second rotary kiln and mineral hot furnace for the demand of carbonaceous reducing agent, makes
Obtain step（6）Carbonaceous reducing agent need not be allocated into, it is to avoid the waste of carbonaceous reducing agent and cost consumption；
（5）Technical scheme can control nickel point power consumption degree in≤235 degree/nickel, the nickel point well below common RKEF
Power consumption degree 380-400 degree/nickel.
Step（1）In lateritic nickel ore drying kiln be dried, the kiln temperature of dry kiln is preferably 1000-1050
DEG C, drying time can be foreshortened to 20-30 minutes, improve production efficiency.
Step（1）Middle lateritic nickel ore drying to moisture content is 17-20%, both beneficial to crushing, airborne dust is avoided again.
Step（3）Described in carbonaceous reducing agent be preferably the combination of breeze or semi-coke end or both.Breeze or semi-coke end
Phosphorous low, the increase of amount of allocating will not have a huge impact to later product quality.Certainly, carbonaceous reducing agent can be with bituminous coal
Or anthracite etc..
Step（3）Described in the particle diameter of dolomite be≤3mm, the granularity of dolomite is little, and its specific surface area is bigger, contact
It is more abundant.
Step（6）Described in lime stone particle diameter be 5-20mm, prevent block mineral hot furnace feed pipe.
Step（8）The molten iron containing dilval for obtaining directly send cast iron machine cast pig or directly as stainless steel base-material
Production stainless steel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Now illustrate embodiments of the present invention：
（1）Lateritic nickel ore is dried, dried lateritic nickel ore is obtained, it is standby；
（2）Taking appropriate dried lateritic nickel ore carries out scalping, broken, dusting cover, and screening obtains the lateritic nickel ore of particle diameter≤8mm；
（3）By step（2）The lateritic nickel ore of the particle diameter≤8mm for obtaining is mixed with carbonaceous reducing agent, dolomite, obtains batch mixing A, carbon
Matter reducing agent using breeze and blue carbon powder mixture, it is 17-25% that carbonaceous reducing agent accounts for the mass percent of batch mixing A, dolomite
The mass percent for accounting for batch mixing A is 0-3%；
（4）Batch mixing A is made after pelletizing, the first rotary kiln baking is sent into and is obtained calcining, material always stopping in the first rotary kiln
The time is stayed to be 150-260 min, the temperature of furnace zone is 700-1300 DEG C in the first rotary kiln；
（5）The calcining Jing water quenchings of the first rotary kiln generation, broken, magnetic separation obtain the thick ferronickel particle that dregginess is 50-60%；
（6）To step（5）The dregginess for obtaining for 50-60% thick ferronickel particle in add appropriate step（1）In it is dried red
Native nickel minerals mixing, obtains mixed material B, and dregginess is 45-75% for the percentage that the thick ferronickel particle of 50-60% accounts for mixed material B；
（7）Lime stone is added in mixed material B, and sends into the second rotary kiln baking together, material always stopping in the second rotary kiln
The time is stayed to be 90-120 min, the temperature of furnace zone is 750-800 DEG C in the second rotary kiln, the discharge outlet of the second rotary kiln
Temperature of charge is 750-800 DEG C；
（8）Calcining from the second rotary kiln out is direct plungeed in mineral hot furnace and is melted, the secondary voltage of mineral hot furnace is 275-
315V, primary current are 380-420A, and the temperature of molten iron is 1500-1540 DEG C in mineral hot furnace, obtains the molten iron containing ferronickel.
The main component of lateritic nickel ore of the present invention is：Ni 1.72%, TFe 16.24%, H2O 28.8%。
The process time of the mineral hot furnace determines according to body of heater size, generally, the circular ore deposit of 14 meters of high 25500kVA
The process time of hot stove is 8-16h.
The consumption of the lime stone of the present invention is controlled by the basicity of mineral hot furnace slag.Usually require that mineral hot furnace slag
Basicity is 0.6-0.7（Wherein, the computing formula of mineral hot furnace basicity of slag is：(MgO+CaO)/SiO2）.
In order to embody the technique effect of the present invention, current inventor provides 3 kinds of embodiments（Embodiment 1 ~ 3）With 5 kinds of contrasts
Example（Comparative example 1 ~ 5）, the design parameter condition of embodiment 1 ~ 3 and comparative example 1 ~ 3 is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The purity of ferronickel in molten iron containing ferronickel obtained by embodiment 1 ~ 3 and comparative example 1 ~ 3（%）It is shown in Table with ferronickel metal recovery rate
2。
Table 2
Can be seen that from Tables 1 and 2, according to the embodiment 1 ~ 3 that the technical scheme of the application is carried out, the molten iron containing ferronickel for being obtained
The purity of middle ferronickel is more than 92.7%, and ferronickel metal recovery rate is more than 93.5%, meanwhile, nickel point power consumption（Nickel point power consumption refers to
It is the electricity needed for every ferronickel of the production containing a nickel point）Control is below 235 degree/nickel（Well below the nickel of common RKEF
Point power consumption 352 degree/nickel of degree）.Embodiment 1 ~ 3 can be seen that with the contrast of comparative example 1 from Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that when carbonaceous also
It is 13% that the carbonaceous reducing agent of former agent accounts for the percentage of batch mixing A（The carbonaceous reducing agent of carbonaceous reducing agent accounts for batch mixing A in prior art
Percentage be 7-13%）, meanwhile, mineral hot furnace using it is existing " secondary voltage select between 420-510V, primary current choosing
Select between 280-320A " height force down the mode of operation of stream in the case of, although the smelting temperature of mineral hot furnace can reach 1500-
1550 DEG C, but, the purity of ferronickel and ferronickel metal recovery rate are significantly lower than embodiment 1 in the molten iron containing ferronickel for being obtained
~ 3, simultaneously as dregginess for 50-60% thick ferronickel particle in nickel content it is relatively low so that nickel point power consumption apparently higher than
Embodiment 1 ~ 3.But, nor The more the better, comparative example 2 can be seen that the addition of carbonaceous reducing agent from Tables 1 and 2, when
When the carbonaceous reducing agent of carbonaceous reducing agent accounts for the percentage of batch mixing A more than 25%, due to the generation of side reaction, the ferronickel for being obtained
The purity and metal recovery rate of ferronickel decreases on the contrary in metal recovery rate and the molten iron containing ferronickel.It is right from Tables 1 and 2
Ratio 3 can be seen that, " secondary voltage is selected between 420-510V, once electricity according to existing in technical scheme
Stream select between 280-320A " height force down if the mode of operation of stream, the smelting temperature of corresponding mineral hot furnace is only 1400-
1450 DEG C, the material in mineral hot furnace cannot be melted completely so that the purity of ferronickel and ferronickel metal recovery in the molten iron containing ferronickel
Rate is relatively low.
In addition, when dregginess is more than 60% for the percentage that the thick ferronickel particle of 50-60% accounts for mixed material B, due to thick ferronickel
Iron-holder is very high in particle so that the electric conductivity of mineral hot furnace material is very good, electrodes in mine hot stove Frequent Accidents；Work as dregginess
For 50-60% thick ferronickel particle account for mixed material B percentage be less than 25% when, do not have again lifted mineral hot furnace production capacity purpose.
The general structure of existing rotary kiln is：Three sections, i.e. low-temperature zone are divided in rotary kiln from kiln tail to kiln hood
（That is dryer section）, middle-temperature section（That is preheating section）, high temperature section（That is furnace zone）, material feeds by kiln tail, sequentially passes through dryer section, pre-
Hot arc, high temperature section, finally discharge from kiln hood.
Certainly, the step of embodiments of the invention 1 ~ 4（5）Described in carbonaceous reducing agent can also merely using breeze or
Semi-coke end, can also adopt bituminous coal or anthracite etc..But, breeze or semi-coke end are phosphorous low, and carbonaceous reducing agent selects breeze
Or semi-coke end or both combination when, impact will not be produced on later product quality.
Embodiments of the invention 1 ~ 3 can do following improvement：
（1）Step（1）In lateritic nickel ore drying kiln be dried, the kiln temperature of dry kiln is preferably 1000-1050 DEG C,
Drying time can be foreshortened to 20-30 minutes, improve production efficiency.
（2）Step（1）Middle lateritic nickel ore drying to moisture content is 17-20%, both beneficial to crushing, airborne dust is avoided again.
（3）Step（3）Described in the particle diameter of dolomite be≤3mm, the granularity of dolomite is little, and its specific surface area is bigger,
Contact is more abundant.
（4）Step（6）Described in lime stone particle diameter be 5-20mm, prevent block mineral hot furnace feed pipe.
（5）Step（8）The molten iron containing dilval for obtaining directly send cast iron machine cast pig or directly as stainless steel
Base-material produces stainless steel.
Claims (7)
1. the method for producing ferronickel using rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods, comprises the following steps：
（1）Lateritic nickel ore is dried, dried lateritic nickel ore is obtained, it is standby；
（2）Taking appropriate dried lateritic nickel ore carries out scalping, broken, dusting cover, and screening obtains the lateritic nickel ore of particle diameter≤8mm；
（3）By step（2）The lateritic nickel ore of the particle diameter≤8mm for obtaining is mixed with carbonaceous reducing agent, dolomite, obtains batch mixing A, carbon
It is 17-25% that matter reducing agent accounts for the mass percent of batch mixing A, and it is 0-3% that dolomite accounts for the mass percent of batch mixing A；
（4）Batch mixing A is made after pelletizing, the first rotary kiln baking is sent into and is obtained calcining, material always stopping in the first rotary kiln
The time is stayed to be 150-260 min, the temperature of furnace zone is 700-1300 DEG C in the first rotary kiln；
（5）The calcining Jing water quenchings of the first rotary kiln generation, broken, magnetic separation obtain the thick ferronickel particle that dregginess is 50-60%；
（6）To step（5）The dregginess for obtaining for 50-60% thick ferronickel particle in add appropriate step（1）In obtained drying
Lateritic nickel ore afterwards is mixed, and obtains mixed material B, and dregginess is 45- for the percentage that the thick ferronickel particle of 50-60% accounts for mixed material B
75%；
（7）Lime stone is added in mixed material B, and sends into the second rotary kiln baking together, material always stopping in the second rotary kiln
The time is stayed to be 90-120 min, the temperature of furnace zone is 750-800 DEG C in the second rotary kiln, the discharge outlet of the second rotary kiln
Temperature of charge is 750-800 DEG C；
（8）Calcining from the second rotary kiln out is direct plungeed in mineral hot furnace and is melted, the secondary voltage of mineral hot furnace is 275-
315V, primary current are 380-420A, and the temperature of molten iron is 1500-1540 DEG C in mineral hot furnace, obtains the molten iron containing ferronickel.
2. the method that a kind of employing rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods according to claim 1 produce ferronickel, it is special
Levy and be：Step（1）In lateritic nickel ore drying kiln be dried, the kiln temperature of dry kiln is 1000-1050 DEG C.
3. the method that a kind of employing rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods according to claim 1 produce ferronickel, it is special
Levy and be：Step（1）Middle lateritic nickel ore drying to moisture content is 17-20%.
4. the method that a kind of employing rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods according to claim 1 produce ferronickel, it is special
Levy and be：Step（3）Described in carbonaceous reducing agent for breeze or semi-coke end or both combination.
5. the method that a kind of employing rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods according to claim 1 produce ferronickel, it is special
Levy and be：Step（3）Described in the particle diameter of dolomite be≤3mm.
6. the method that a kind of employing rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods according to claim 1 produce ferronickel, it is special
Levy and be：Step（6）Described in lime stone particle diameter be 5-20mm.
7. the method that a kind of employing rotary kiln for directly reducing-RKEF combination methods according to claim 1 produce ferronickel, it is special
Levy and be：Step（8）The molten iron containing dilval for obtaining directly send cast iron machine cast pig or directly as stainless steel base-material
Production stainless steel.
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| CN107267776A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 沈阳有色金属研究院 | A kind of method that lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction beneficiation enrichment produces ferronickel |
| CN108531738A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-14 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Utilize the method for RKEF process Ni and Cr contained dangerous wastes |
| CN110284011A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-27 | 扬州一川镍业有限公司 | A kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore semi-molten state production nickel pig iron technique |
| CN110819791A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-02-21 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Production process of nickel-containing molten iron with low iron distribution and low silicon-magnesium ratio for submerged arc furnace |
| CN110819804A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-02-21 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Low iron-distribution and low silicon-magnesium ratio furnace charge for submerged arc furnace and production process |
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| CN118600208A (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-09-06 | 武汉科技大学 | A limonite-type laterite nickel ore oxidation pellet and its preparation method and application |
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| CN107267776A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-20 | 沈阳有色金属研究院 | A kind of method that lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction beneficiation enrichment produces ferronickel |
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| CN112080636A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-15 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Method for producing battery-grade nickel sulfate salt by using laterite-nickel ore |
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| CN118064712A (en) * | 2024-04-23 | 2024-05-24 | 扬州一川镍业有限公司 | A method for processing silicon-containing solid waste and using it in the RKEF process of laterite nickel ore |
| CN118064712B (en) * | 2024-04-23 | 2024-06-28 | 扬州一川镍业有限公司 | Method for processing silicon-containing solid waste and using method of RKEF technology in laterite-nickel ore |
| CN118600208A (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-09-06 | 武汉科技大学 | A limonite-type laterite nickel ore oxidation pellet and its preparation method and application |
| CN118600208B (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2025-01-24 | 武汉科技大学 | A limonite-type laterite nickel ore oxidation pellet and its preparation method and application |
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