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WO2025122360A1 - Attribution de ressources de signal de référence de positionnement de liaison latérale pour groupes de ressources de liaison latérale agrégés - Google Patents

Attribution de ressources de signal de référence de positionnement de liaison latérale pour groupes de ressources de liaison latérale agrégés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025122360A1
WO2025122360A1 PCT/US2024/056878 US2024056878W WO2025122360A1 WO 2025122360 A1 WO2025122360 A1 WO 2025122360A1 US 2024056878 W US2024056878 W US 2024056878W WO 2025122360 A1 WO2025122360 A1 WO 2025122360A1
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Alexandros MANOLAKOS
Mukesh Kumar
Gabi Sarkis
Sony Akkarakaran
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0037—Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/0051—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals

Definitions

  • cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems examples include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), etc.
  • AMPS cellular analog advanced mobile phone system
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • a fifth generation (5G) wireless standard referred to as New Radio (NR), enables higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements.
  • NR New Radio
  • the 5G standard is designed to provide higher data rates as compared to previous standards, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on reference signals for positioning (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS)), and other technical enhancements.
  • RS-P reference signals for positioning
  • PRS sidelink positioning reference signals
  • 1 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO SUMMARY [0004] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein.
  • a method of operating a user equipment includes determining a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL- RP-P); determining a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP-P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL-RP- Ps; determining a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and performing the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • SL- RP-P sidelink resource pool for positioning
  • SL-PRS sidelink positioning reference signal
  • a user equipment includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: determine a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P); determine a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP-P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps; determine a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated 2 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • SL-RP-P sidelink resource pool for
  • a user equipment includes means for determining a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P); means for determining a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP- P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; means for determining a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL- PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and means for performing the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: determine a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P); determine a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP- P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; determine a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and perform the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • SL-RP-P sidelink resource pool for positioning
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS.2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS.2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate various comb patterns supported for downlink positioning reference signals (PRS) within a resource block.
  • FIGS. 5C and 5D are diagrams of example sidelink slot structures with and without feedback resources, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how a shared channel (SCH) is established on a sidelink between two or more UEs, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • SCH shared channel
  • FIG.7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a resource pool for positioning configured within a sidelink resource pool for communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate diagrams illustrating additional examples of resource pools for positioning configured within sidelink resource pools for communication.
  • FIG.9 illustrates a diagram illustrating another example of a resource pool for positioning configured within a sidelink resource pool for communication.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG.13 illustrates an exemplary process of communications according to an aspect of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure. 4 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process of FIG.13.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure. 4 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-P
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process of FIG.13.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 190 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process of FIG.13.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process of FIG.13.
  • FIG. 32 FIG.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process of FIG.13.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process of FIG.13.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0034] Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure. [0035] Various aspects relate generally to aggregation of sidelink resource pools for positioning.
  • a sidelink (SL) resource (re)selection procedure (e.g., as defined in 3GPP Rel. 16 or Rel. 17) is independently performed for each SL carrier.
  • SL-PRS sidelink positioning reference signal
  • a UE determines a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated 5 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO SL-PRS operation (e.g., transmission of SL-PRS and/or reception/measurement of SL- PRS) via a set of aggregated sidelink resource pools for positioning (SL-RP-P).
  • the UE allocates SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules.
  • the UE performs the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • Such aspects may provide various technical advantages, such as simplifying or streamlining SL-PRS transmission and/or measurements, more accurate position estimation, reduced positioning latency, permitting low-performance UEs (e.g., reduced capability of RedCap UEs) to participate in SL-PRS-based position estimation, and so on.
  • the words “exemplary” and/or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and/or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.
  • UE user equipment
  • base station base station
  • RAT radio access technology
  • a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network.
  • a UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN).
  • RAN radio access network
  • the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof.
  • AT access terminal
  • client device a “wireless device”
  • subscriber device a “subscriber terminal”
  • a “subscriber station” a “user terminal” or “UT”
  • UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
  • a base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc.
  • AP access point
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • ng-eNB next generation eNB
  • NR New Radio
  • a base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and/or network management functions.
  • a communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.).
  • UL uplink
  • No.2400016WO UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.).
  • traffic channel can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.
  • the term “base station” may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located.
  • the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station.
  • the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station.
  • the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • RRH remote radio head
  • the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals
  • references to transmission from or reception at a base station are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of the base station.
  • a base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs.
  • Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs).
  • An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver.
  • a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver.
  • the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the 8 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIG.1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) and various UEs 104.
  • the base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations).
  • the macro cell base stations may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
  • the base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)).
  • the location server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170.
  • a location server 172 may be integrated with a base station 102.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 directly or indirectly.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently serving that UE 104.
  • a UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • AP access point
  • communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signaling diagram for clarity.
  • the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load 9 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • MBMS multimedia broadcast multicast service
  • RIM RAN information management
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless. [0048]
  • the base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104.
  • Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110.
  • one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110.
  • a “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency.
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • ECI enhanced cell identifier
  • VCI virtual cell identifier
  • CGI cell global identifier
  • different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs.
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • NB-IoT narrowband IoT
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context.
  • the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably.
  • the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
  • a base station e.g., a sector
  • a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
  • While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110.
  • a small cell base station 102' (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102.
  • a network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network.
  • a heterogeneous 10 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).
  • HeNBs home eNBs
  • the communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.
  • the communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.
  • the communication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink).
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz).
  • WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • LBT listen before talk
  • the small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum.
  • the small cell base station 102' When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150.
  • NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U.
  • LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MULTEFIRE®.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182.
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • EHF Extremely high frequency
  • EHF Extremely high frequency
  • 3 GHz may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters.
  • the super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 11 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW/near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range.
  • the mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein. [0054] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omni-directionally).
  • a network node e.g., a base station
  • the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receiving device(s).
  • a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal.
  • a network node may use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antenna array”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to point in different directions, without actually moving the antennas.
  • the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.
  • Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless of whether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselves are physically co-located.
  • a QCL relation of a given type means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam.
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference 12 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO RF signal is QCL Type B
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.
  • receive beamforming the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel.
  • the receiver can increase the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array of antennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase the gain level of) the RF signals received from that direction.
  • a receiver when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signals received from that direction.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • SINR signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio
  • Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related.
  • a spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal.
  • a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station.
  • the UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.
  • an uplink reference signal e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)
  • a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlink beam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal.
  • an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the 13 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO uplink beam it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.
  • the electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency/wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc.
  • two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles.
  • FR2 which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) which is identified by the INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION® as a “millimeter wave” band.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • FR3 7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz
  • Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and/or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and/or FR2 into mid-band frequencies.
  • higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz.
  • three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz – 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz – 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
  • sub-6 GHz or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies.
  • millimeter wave or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and/or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
  • the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182 and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).
  • a secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources.
  • the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency.
  • the secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE- specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carriers.
  • the network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably.
  • a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier over which some base station is communicating
  • the term “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably.
  • one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers (“SCells”).
  • the simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its data transmission and/or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184.
  • the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
  • 15 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO the UE 164 and the UE 182 may be capable of sidelink communication.
  • Sidelink-capable UEs may communicate with base stations 102 over communication links 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between a UE and a base station).
  • SL-UEs may also communicate directly with each other over a wireless sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs).
  • a wireless sidelink (or just “sidelink”) is an adaptation of the core cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the communication needing to go through a base station.
  • Sidelink communication may be unicast or multicast, and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media-sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc.
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • cV2X cellular V2X
  • eV2X enhanced V2X
  • One or more of a group of SL- UEs utilizing sidelink communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102.
  • Other SL-UEs in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 102.
  • groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group.
  • a base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communications.
  • sidelink communications are carried out between SL-UEs without the involvement of a base station 102.
  • the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which may be shared with other wireless communications between other vehicles and/or infrastructure access points, as well as other RATs.
  • a “medium” may be composed of one or more time, frequency, and/or space communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs.
  • the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs.
  • different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by a government entity such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States), these systems, in particular those employing small cell access points, have recently extended operation into 16 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO unlicensed frequency bands such as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies, most notably IEEE 802.11x WLAN technologies generally referred to as “Wi-Fi.”
  • Example systems of this type include different variants of CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems, and so on.
  • FIG. 1 only illustrates two of the UEs as SL-UEs (i.e., UEs 164 and 182), any of the illustrated UEs may be SL-UEs.
  • any of the illustrated UEs may be capable of beamforming.
  • SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they may beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UEs 104), towards base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102’, access point 150), etc.
  • base stations e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102’, access point 150
  • UEs 164 and 182 may utilize beamforming over sidelink 160.
  • any of the illustrated UEs may receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites).
  • SVs Earth orbiting space vehicles
  • the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that a UE 104 can use as an independent source of location information.
  • a satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) to determine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters.
  • Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips. While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and/or other UEs 104.
  • a UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo location information from the SVs 112.
  • the use of signals 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and/or regional navigation satellite systems.
  • SBAS satellite-based augmentation systems
  • an SBAS may include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi- 17 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and/or the like.
  • a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.
  • SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non- terrestrial networks (NTNs).
  • NTNs non- terrestrial networks
  • an SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in a 5GC.
  • This element would in turn provide access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities external to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other user devices.
  • a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communication signals from a terrestrial base station 102.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”).
  • D2D device-to-device
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • sidelinks referred to as “sidelinks”.
  • UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity).
  • FIG.2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200.
  • a 5GC 210 also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC)
  • C-plane control plane
  • U-plane user plane
  • NG-U User plane interface
  • NG-C control plane interface
  • ng-eNB 18 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223.
  • a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).
  • a location server 230 may be in communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UE(s) 204.
  • the location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).
  • FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 240.
  • a 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions, provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions, provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • the functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).
  • the AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of the UE 204 authentication 19 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • No.2400016WO 20 process In the case of authentication based on a UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) subscriber identity module (USIM), the AMF 264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF.
  • the functions of the AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM).
  • SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.
  • the functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230), transport for location services messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification.
  • LMF location management function
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • the AMF 264 also supports functionalities for non-3GPP® (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.
  • Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink/ downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” to the source RAN node.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the UPF 262 may also support transfer of location services messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a location server, such as an SLP 272.
  • the functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the interface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is referred to as the N11 interface.
  • Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204.
  • the LMF 270 can be 20 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated).
  • the SLP 272 may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling messages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) over a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • Yet another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, which may be in communication with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260 (e.g., via the AMF 264 and/or the UPF 262), the NG-RAN 220, and/or the UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 204.
  • the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client.
  • LCS location services
  • the third- party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220.
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface
  • the gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface.
  • One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referred to as the “Uu” interface.
  • a gNB 222 may be divided between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229.
  • gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes the base station functions 21 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO of transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to the gNB-DU(s) 228.
  • the gNB-CU 226 generally host the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • a gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts the radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226.
  • One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228.
  • the interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “F1” interface.
  • the physical (PHY) layer functionality of a gNB 222 is generally hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission/reception.
  • the interface between a gNB-DU 228 and a gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the “Fx” interface.
  • a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with a gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.
  • Deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts.
  • a network node In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station, or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture.
  • a base station such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, AP, TRP, cell, etc.
  • NB Node B
  • eNB evolved NB
  • An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node.
  • a disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).
  • CUs central or centralized units
  • DUs distributed units
  • RUs radio units
  • a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes.
  • the DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or 22 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).
  • VCU virtual central unit
  • VDU virtual distributed unit
  • VRU virtual radio unit
  • Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN ALLIANCE®)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C- RAN)).
  • IAB integrated access backhaul
  • O-RAN open radio access network
  • vRAN virtualized radio access network
  • C- RAN cloud radio access network
  • Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design.
  • the various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates an example disaggregated base station architecture 250, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the disaggregated base station architecture 250 may include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CU 226) that can communicate directly with a core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 257 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 255, or both).
  • CUs central units
  • a CU 280 may communicate with one or more DUs 285 (e.g., gNB-DUs 228) via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface.
  • the DUs 285 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 287 (e.g., gNB-RUs 229) via respective fronthaul links.
  • the RUs 287 may communicate with respective UEs 204 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the UE 204 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 287.
  • Each of the units may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
  • Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium.
  • the units can include 23 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO 24 a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the CU 280 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include RRC, PDCP, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 280.
  • the CU 280 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit – User Plane (CU- UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit – Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof.
  • the CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.
  • the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration.
  • the CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 285, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
  • the DU 285 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 287.
  • the DU 285 may host one or more of a RLC layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®).
  • the DU 285 may further host one or more low PHY layers.
  • Each layer can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 285, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 280.
  • Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 287.
  • an RU 287, controlled by a DU 285, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • iFFT inverse FFT
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the RU(s) 287 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 204.
  • OTA over the air
  • real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 287 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 285.
  • this configuration can enable the DU(s) 285 and the CU 280 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements.
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface).
  • the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface).
  • a cloud computing platform such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269
  • network element life cycle management such as to instantiate virtualized network elements
  • cloud computing platform interface such as an O2 interface
  • Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 280, DUs 285, RUs 287 and Near-RT RICs 259.
  • the SMO Framework 255 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 261, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 287 via an O1 interface.
  • the SMO Framework 255 also may include a Non-RT RIC 257 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 255. [0090]
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non- real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • AI/ML artificial intelligence/machine learning
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near- RT RIC 259.
  • the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 280, one or more DUs 285, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 259.
  • 25 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers.
  • Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 259 and may be received at the SMO Framework 255 or the Non-RT RIC 257 from non-network data sources or from network functions.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 or the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance.
  • the Non-RT RIC 257 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 255 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).
  • 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the operations described herein.
  • a UE 302 which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein
  • a base station 304 which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein
  • a network entity 306 which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or 5GC
  • these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.).
  • the illustrated components may also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communication system.
  • other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality.
  • a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components.
  • an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicate via different technologies.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and/or the like.
  • WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such 26 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO 27 as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum).
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z-WAVE®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra- wideband (UWB), etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest.
  • RAT e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z-WAVE®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra- wideband (UW
  • the short- range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be Wi-Fi transceivers, BLUETOOTH® transceivers, ZIGBEE® and/or Z-WAVE® transceivers, NFC 27 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO 28 transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to- everything (V2X) transceivers.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal interfaces 330 and 370, which each include one or more satellite signal receivers 332 and 372, respectively, and may optionally include one or more satellite signal transmitters 334 and 374, respectively.
  • the base station 304 may be a terrestrial base station that may communicate with space vehicles (e.g., space vehicles 112) via the satellite signal interface 370. In other cases, the base station 304 may be a space vehicle (or other non-terrestrial entity) that uses the satellite signal interface 370 to communicate with terrestrial networks and/or other space vehicles.
  • the satellite signal receivers 332 and 372 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuring satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) signals, etc.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS global navigation satellite system
  • NAVIC Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
  • QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
  • the satellite signal receiver(s) 332 and 372 are non- terrestrial network (NTN) receivers
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data) originating from a 5G network.
  • the satellite signal receiver(s) 332 and 372 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite signal receiver(s) 332 and 372 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.
  • the optional satellite signal transmitter(s) 334 and 374 when present, may be connected to the one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for transmitting satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 378 may be GPS signals, GLONASS® 28 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, NAVIC, QZSS signals, etc.
  • the satellite signal transmitter(s) 334 and 374 are NTN transmitters
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data) originating from a 5G network.
  • the satellite signal transmitter(s) 334 and 374 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for transmitting satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite signal transmitter(s) 334 and 374 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems.
  • the base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306).
  • the base station 304 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links.
  • the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.
  • a transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link.
  • a transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362).
  • a transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations.
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • Wireless transmitter circuitry may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein.
  • wireless receiver circuitry e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362
  • No.2400016WO 316, 326, 356, 366) such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein.
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at the same time.
  • a wireless transceiver e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360
  • NLM network listen module
  • the various wireless transceivers e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • a transceiver at least one transceiver
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver
  • wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 342, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality.
  • the processors 342, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc.
  • the processors 342, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device), 30 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • the memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may include SL-PRS Aggregation component348, 388, and 398, respectively.
  • the SL-PRS Aggregation component348, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 342, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • the SL-PRS Aggregation component348, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 342, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.).
  • the SL-PRS Aggregation component348, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 342, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the SL-PRS Aggregation component348, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 342, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates possible locations of the SL-PRS Aggregation component388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the SL-PRS Aggregation component348, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 342, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates possible locations of the SL-PRS Aggregation component388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350
  • the UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 342 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and/or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or the satellite signal interface 330.
  • the senor(s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure 31 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO altimeter), and/or any other type of movement detection sensor.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.
  • the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.
  • IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer.
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • RLC radio link control
  • MAC medium access control
  • the one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
  • RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system
  • the transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • Layer-1 which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error 32 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing.
  • the transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)).
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams.
  • Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.
  • OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams.
  • Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing.
  • the channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302.
  • Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356.
  • the transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316.
  • the receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 342.
  • the transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • the receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
  • the receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT).
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.
  • the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator.
  • the soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel.
  • 33 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 342, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.
  • the one or more processors 342 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network.
  • the one or more processors 342 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the one or more processors 342 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
  • RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting
  • Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing.
  • the spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316.
  • the transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 302.
  • the receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 356.
  • the receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more 34 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO processors 384 may be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and/or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations.
  • a particular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or BLUETOOTH® capability without cellular capability), or may omit the short- range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal interface 330, or may omit the sensor(s) 344, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 310 e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or BLUETOOTH® capability without cellular capability
  • the short- range wireless transceiver(s) 320 e.g., cellular-only, etc
  • a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal interface 370, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 350 e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability
  • the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite signal interface 370 e.g., satellite signal interface
  • the data buses 308, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306, respectively.
  • the data buses 308, 382, and 392 may provide communication between them.
  • the components of FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one or more processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors).
  • each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code 35 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO used by the circuit to provide this functionality.
  • some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity 306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • processor and memory component(s) of the network entity 306 e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components.
  • various operations, acts, and/or functions are described herein as being performed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc.
  • the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be distinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260).
  • the network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellular communication link, such as Wi-Fi).
  • Various frame structures may be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs).
  • FIG.4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the frame structure may be a downlink or uplink frame structure.
  • Other wireless communications technologies may have different frame structures and/or different channels.
  • LTE and in some cases NR, utilizes orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
  • SC-FDM single-carrier frequency division multiplexing
  • OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal 36 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15 kilohertz (kHz) and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Consequently, the nominal fast Fourier transform (FFT) size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands.
  • a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.
  • LTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.).
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • For 15 kHz SCS ( ⁇ 0), there is one slot per subframe, 10 slots per frame, the slot duration is 1 millisecond (ms), the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds ( ⁇ s), and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 50.
  • For 30 kHz SCS ( ⁇ 1), there are two slots per subframe, 20 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.5 ms, the symbol duration is 33.3 ⁇ s, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 100.
  • For 60 kHz SCS ( ⁇ 2), there are four slots per subframe, 40 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the symbol duration is 16.7 ⁇ s, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 200.
  • For 120 kHz SCS ( ⁇ 3), there are eight slots per subframe, 80 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.125 ms, the symbol duration is 8.33 ⁇ s, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 400.
  • a resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each time slot including one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain.
  • RBs time-concurrent resource blocks
  • PRBs physical RBs
  • the resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs).
  • An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain.
  • an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs.
  • an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs.
  • the number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
  • Some of the REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS).
  • the reference signals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink or downlink communication.
  • FIG.4 illustrates example locations of REs carrying a reference signal (labeled “R”).
  • R reference signal
  • a collection of resource elements (REs) that are used for transmission of PRS is referred to as a “PRS resource.”
  • the collection of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and ‘N’ (such as 1 or more) consecutive symbol(s) within a slot in the time domain.
  • N such as 1 or more
  • a PRS resource occupies consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.
  • the transmission of a PRS resource within a given PRB has a particular comb size (also referred to as the “comb density”).
  • a comb size ‘N’ represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) within each symbol of a PRS resource configuration.
  • PRS are transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of a symbol of a PRB.
  • REs corresponding to every fourth subcarrier such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8 are used to transmit PRS of the PRS resource.
  • comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6, 38 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO and comb-12 are supported for DL-PRS.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example PRS resource configuration for comb-4 (which spans four symbols). That is, the locations of the shaded REs (labeled “R”) indicate a comb-4 PRS resource configuration.
  • a DL-PRS resource may span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot with a fully frequency-domain staggered pattern.
  • a DL-PRS resource can be configured in any higher layer configured downlink or flexible (FL) symbol of a slot.
  • FL downlink or flexible
  • 2-symbol comb-2 ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ ; 4-symbol comb-2: ⁇ 0, 1, 0, 1 ⁇ ; 6-symbol comb-2: ⁇ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ⁇ ; 12-symbol comb-2: ⁇ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 ⁇ ; 4-symbol comb-4: ⁇ 0, 2, 1, 3 ⁇ (as in the example of FIG.
  • a “PRS resource set” is a set of PRS resources used for the transmission of PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. In addition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP.
  • a PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a particular TRP (identified by a TRP ID).
  • the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the same periodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as “PRS- ResourceRepetitionFactor”) across slots.
  • the periodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource of a first PRS instance to the same first repetition of the same first PRS resource of the next PRS instance.
  • the repetition factor may have a length selected from ⁇ 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 ⁇ slots.
  • a PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP may transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource of a PRS resource set may be transmitted on a different beam, and as such, a “PRS resource,” or simply “resource,” also can be referred to as a “beam.” Note that this does not have any implications on whether the TRPs and the beams on which PRS are transmitted are known to the UE. 39 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • a “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodically repeated time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive slots) where PRS are expected to be transmitted.
  • a PRS occasion also may be referred to as a “PRS positioning occasion,” a “PRS positioning instance, a “positioning occasion,” “a positioning instance,” a “positioning repetition,” or simply an “occasion,” an “instance,” or a “repetition.”
  • a “positioning frequency layer” (also referred to simply as a “frequency layer”) is a collection of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs that have the same values for certain parameters.
  • the collection of PRS resource sets has the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning all numerologies supported for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) are also supported for PRS), the same Point A, the same value of the downlink PRS bandwidth, the same start PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb-size.
  • the Point A parameter takes the value of the parameter “ARFCN-ValueNR” (where “ARFCN” stands for “absolute radio-frequency channel number”) and is an identifier/code that specifies a pair of physical radio channel used for transmission and reception.
  • the downlink PRS bandwidth may have a granularity of four PRBs, with a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs.
  • a frequency layer is somewhat like the concept of component carriers and bandwidth parts (BWPs), but different in that component carriers and BWPs are used by one base station (or a macro cell base station and a small cell base station) to transmit data channels, while frequency layers are used by several (usually three or more) base stations to transmit PRS.
  • BWPs component carriers and bandwidth parts
  • a UE may indicate the number of frequency layers it can support when it sends the network its positioning capabilities, such as during an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) session. For example, a UE may indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.
  • LPP LTE positioning protocol
  • positioning reference signal generally refer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NR and LTE systems.
  • the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRS as defined in LTE and NR, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc.
  • the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may refer to downlink, 40 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context.
  • a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a “DL-PRS”
  • an uplink positioning reference signal e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS
  • a sidelink positioning reference signal may be referred to as an “SL-PRS.”
  • the signals may be prepended with “DL,” “UL,” or “SL” to distinguish the direction.
  • “UL-DMRS” is different from “DL-DMRS.”
  • SRS transmitted by a UE may be used by a base station to obtain the channel state information (CSI) for the transmitting UE.
  • CSI describes how an RF signal propagates from the UE to the base station and represents the combined effect of scattering, fading, and power decay with distance.
  • the system uses the SRS for resource scheduling, link adaptation, massive MIMO, beam management, etc.
  • a collection of REs that are used for transmission of SRS is referred to as an “SRS resource,” and may be identified by the parameter “SRS-ResourceId.”
  • the collection of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and ‘N’ (e.g., one or more) consecutive symbol(s) within a slot in the time domain.
  • an SRS resource occupies one or more consecutive PRBs.
  • An “SRS resource set” is a set of SRS resources used for the transmission of SRS signals, and is identified by an SRS resource set ID (“SRS-ResourceSetId”).
  • SRS-ResourceSetId SRS resource set ID
  • the transmission of SRS resources within a given PRB has a particular comb size (also referred to as the “comb density”).
  • a comb size ‘N’ represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) within each symbol of an SRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a comb size ‘N,’ SRS are transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of a symbol of a PRB.
  • an SRS resource may span 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot with a comb size of comb-2, comb-4, or comb-8.
  • a UE transmits SRS to enable the receiving base station (either the serving base station or a neighboring base station) to measure the channel quality (i.e., CSI) between the UE and the base station.
  • the receiving base station either the serving base station or a neighboring base station
  • the channel quality i.e., CSI
  • SRS can also be specifically configured as uplink positioning reference signals for uplink-based positioning procedures, such as uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), round-trip-time (RTT), uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA), etc.
  • UL-TDOA uplink time difference of arrival
  • RTT round-trip-time
  • U-AoA uplink angle-of-arrival
  • SRS may refer to SRS configured for channel quality measurements or SRS configured for positioning purposes.
  • the former may be referred to herein as “SRS-for-communication” and/or the latter may be referred to as “SRS-for-positioning” or “positioning SRS” when needed to distinguish the two types of SRS.
  • SRS-for- positioning also referred to as “UL-PRS”
  • SRS-for- positioning also referred to as “UL-PRS”
  • a new staggered pattern within an SRS resource except for single-symbol/comb-2
  • a new comb type for SRS new sequences for SRS
  • a higher number of SRS resource sets per component carrier and a higher number of SRS resources per component carrier.
  • the parameters “SpatialRelationInfo” and “PathLossReference” are to be configured based on a downlink reference signal or SSB from a neighboring TRP.
  • one SRS resource may be transmitted outside the active BWP, and one SRS resource may span across multiple component carriers.
  • SRS may be configured in RRC connected state and only transmitted within an active BWP. Further, there may be no frequency hopping, no repetition factor, a single antenna port, and new lengths for SRS (e.g., 8 and 12 symbols). There also may be open-loop power control and not closed-loop power control, and comb- 8 (i.e., an SRS transmitted every eighth subcarrier in the same symbol) may be used. Lastly, the UE may transmit through the same transmit beam from multiple SRS resources for UL-AoA. These features may be configured through RRC higher layer signaling (and 42 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate various comb patterns supported for DL-PRS within a resource block.
  • time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically.
  • Each large block in FIGS.5A and 5B represents a resource block and each small block represents a resource element.
  • a resource element consists of one symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain.
  • each resource block comprises 14 symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the shaded resource elements carry, or are scheduled to carry, DL-PRS.
  • the shaded resource elements in each resource block correspond to a PRS resource, or the portion of the PRS resource within one resource block (since a PRS resource can span multiple resource blocks in the frequency domain).
  • the illustrated comb patterns correspond to various DL-PRS comb patterns described above. Specifically, FIG.5A illustrates a DL-PRS comb pattern 510 for comb-2 with two symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 520 for comb-4 with four symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 530 for comb-6 with six symbols, and a DL-PRS comb pattern 540 for comb-12 with 12 symbols.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a DL-PRS comb pattern 510 for comb-2 with two symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 520 for comb-4 with four symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 530 for comb-6 with six symbols, and a DL-PRS
  • 5B illustrates a DL-PRS comb pattern 550 for comb-2 with 12 symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 560 for comb-4 with 12 symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 570 for comb-2 with six symbols, and a DL-PRS comb pattern 580 for comb-6 with 12 symbols.
  • the resource elements on which the DL-PRS are transmitted are staggered in the frequency domain such that there is only one such resource element per subcarrier over the configured number of symbols. For example, for DL-PRS comb pattern 520, there is only one resource element per subcarrier over the four symbols.
  • DL-PRS resource symbol offset (given by the parameter “DL-PRS- ResourceSymbolOffset”) from the first symbol of a resource block to the first symbol of the DL-PRS resource.
  • the offset is three symbols.
  • the offset is eight symbols.
  • the offset is two symbols.
  • the offset is two symbols.
  • a UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the DL- PRS comb pattern 510 than to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 520, as the UE would have to measure resource elements on twice as many subcarriers per symbol for DL-PRS comb pattern 510 as for DL-PRS comb pattern 520.
  • a UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 530 than to measure the DL- PRS comb pattern 540, as the UE will have to measure resource elements on twice as many subcarriers per symbol for DL-PRS comb pattern 530 as for DL-PRS comb pattern 540.
  • the UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the DL-PRS comb patterns 510 and 520 than to measure the DL-PRS comb patterns 530 and 540, as the resource elements of DL-PRS comb patterns 510 and 520 are denser than the resource elements of DL-PRS comb patterns 530 and 540.
  • Sidelink communication takes place in transmission or reception resource pools.
  • the minimum resource allocation unit is a sub-channel (e.g., a collection of consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain).
  • resource allocation is in one slot intervals. However, some slots are not available for sidelink, and some slots contain feedback resources.
  • sidelink resources can be (pre)configured to occupy fewer than the 14 symbols of a slot.
  • Sidelink resources are configured at the radio resource control (RRC) layer.
  • the RRC configuration can be by pre-configuration (e.g., preloaded on the UE) or configuration (e.g., from a serving base station).
  • NR sidelinks support hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) retransmission.
  • FIG. 5C is a diagram 500C of an example slot structure without feedback resources, according to aspects of the disclosure. In the example of FIG.5C, time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically.
  • each block is one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the 14 symbols make up a slot.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the height of each block is one sub-channel.
  • PRBs physical resource blocks
  • the first symbol is a repetition of the preceding symbol and is used for automatic gain control (AGC) setting. This is illustrated in FIG. 5C by the vertical and horizontal hashing. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5C is a diagram 500D of an example slot structure with feedback resources, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically.
  • the length of each block is one OFDM symbol, and the 14 symbols make up a slot.
  • the height of each block is one sub-channel.
  • the slot structure illustrated in FIG.5D is similar to the slot structure illustrated in FIG. 5C, except that the slot structure illustrated in FIG. 5D includes feedback resources. Specifically, two symbols at the end of the slot have been dedicated to the physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).
  • the first PSFCH symbol is a repetition of the second PSFCH symbol for AGC setting.
  • the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) carries sidelink control information (SCI).
  • SCI-1 First stage SCI
  • SCI- 2 second stage SCI
  • SCI-2 is transmitted on the physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) and contains information for decoding the data that will be transmitted on the shared channel (SCH) of the sidelink.
  • SCI-1 information is decodable by all UEs, whereas SCI-2 information may include formats that are only decodable by certain UEs.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 showing how the shared channel (SCH) is established on a sidelink between two or more UEs, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • information in the SCI-1602 is used for resource allocation 604 (by the network or the involved UEs) for the SCI-2 606 and SCH 608.
  • 45 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO information in the 6CI-1602 is used to determine/decode the contents of the SCI-2606 transmitted on the allocated resources.
  • a receiver UE needs both the resource allocation 604 and the SCI-1602 to decode the SCI-2606. Information in the SCI-2606 is then used to determine/decode the SCH 608.
  • the first 13 symbols of a slot in the time domain and the allocated subchannel(s) in the frequency domain form a sidelink resource pool.
  • a sidelink resource pool may include resources for sidelink communication (transmission and/or reception), sidelink positioning (referred to as a resource pool for positioning (RP-P)), or both communication and positioning.
  • R-P resource pool for positioning
  • a resource pool configured for both communication and positioning is referred to as a “shared” resource pool.
  • the RP-P is indicated by an offset, periodicity, number of consecutive symbols within a slot (e.g., as few as one symbol), and/or the bandwidth within a component carrier (or the bandwidth across multiple component carriers).
  • the RP-P can be associated with a zone or a distance from a reference location.
  • a base station (or a UE, depending on the resource allocation mode) can assign, to another UE, one or more resource configurations from the RP-Ps.
  • a UE e.g., a relay or a remote UE
  • can request one or more RP-P configurations and it can include in the request one or more of the following: (1) its location information (or zone identifier), (2) periodicity, (3) bandwidth, (4) offset, (5) number of symbols, and (6) whether a configuration with “low interference” is needed (which can be determined through an assigned quality of service (QoS) or priority).
  • QoS quality of service
  • a base station or a UE can configure/assign rate matching resources or RP-P for rate matching and/or muting to a sidelink UE such that when a collision exists between the assigned resources and another resource pool that contains data (PSSCH) and/or control (PSCCH), the sidelink UE is expected to rate match, mute, and/or puncture the data, DMRS, and/or CSI-RS within the colliding resources. This would enable orthogonalization between positioning and data transmissions for increased coverage of PRS signals.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of a resource pool for positioning configured within a sidelink resource pool for communication (i.e., a shared resource pool), according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically.
  • the length of 46 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO each block is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, and the 14 symbols make up a slot.
  • the height of each block is a sub- channel.
  • the entire slot (except for the first and last symbols) can be a resource pool for sidelink communication. That is, any of the symbols other than the first and last can be allocated for sidelink communication. However, an RP-P is allocated in the last four pre-gap symbols of the slot.
  • non-sidelink positioning data such as user data (PSSCH), CSI-RS, and control information
  • PSSCH user data
  • CSI-RS CSI-RS
  • control information can only be transmitted in the first eight post-AGC symbols and not in the last four pre-gap symbols to prevent a collision with the configured RP-P.
  • the non-sidelink positioning data that would otherwise be transmitted in the last four pre-gap symbols can be punctured or muted, or the non- sidelink data that would normally span more than the eight post-AGC symbols can be rate matched to fit into the eight post-AGC symbols.
  • S-PRS Sidelink positioning reference signals
  • an SL-PRS resource is composed of one or more resource elements (i.e., one OFDM symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain).
  • SL-PRS resources have been designed with a comb-based pattern to enable fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based processing at the receiver.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • SL-PRS resources are composed of unstaggered, or only partially staggered, resource elements in the frequency domain to provide small time of arrival (TOA) uncertainty and reduced overhead of each SL-PRS resource.
  • SL-PRS may also be associated with specific RP-Ps (e.g., certain SL-PRS may be allocated in certain RP-Ps).
  • FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate diagrams 800-850 illustrating additional examples of resource pools for positioning configured within sidelink resource pools for communication. Similar to FIG.7, the examples of FIGS.8A-8B illustrate shared resource pool structures. With respect to FIGS.8A-8B, in some designs, the following parameters may be defined, e.g.: PSCCH and SL-PRS are only TDMed. 47 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram 900 illustrating another example of a resource pool for positioning configured within a sidelink resource pool for communication. In the example of FIG.9, a dedicated resource pool structure is depicted.
  • SL-PRS is immediately preceded by an AGC symbol (except cases where RAN1 agrees otherwise).
  • SL-PRS is immediately followed by a gap symbol (at least when the gap symbol is the last SL symbol in a slot).
  • PSCCH and SL-PRS can only be TDMed.
  • Different comb size (N) and SL-PRS duration (M) can be supported in the same resource pool (e.g., one set of OFDM symbols can only have a single (M, N) combination).
  • PSSCH is mapped to the first sidelink symbols in a slot. Same DMRS as SL PSCCH in communications. Number of symbols is (pre-)configured to 1, 2, 3.
  • Number of PRBs is (pre-)configured using SL communications values. 1-to-1 implicit mapping between PSCCH and SL-PRS.
  • the following fields are included, e.g.: SL-PRS resource information indication of the current slot – ceiling(log2(#SL-PRS resources (pre-)configured in the resource pool) bits).
  • the SCI 2-B fields are included. [0160]
  • SL-PRS resource is mapped to the last consecutive ‘M’ SL symbols in the slot that can be used for SL-PRS, i.e., taking into consideration multiplexing with PSSCH DMRS, PT-RS, CSI-RS, PSFCH, gap symbols, AGC symbols, PSCCH in the slot.
  • the maximum number of SL-PRS resources in a slot of a shared resource pool may be (pre-)configured.
  • the higher layers provide the following parameters for candidate SL-PRS transmission(s): Resource pool from which to report SL-PRS resources. Priority. Delay budget. Reservation period. List of resources for pre-emption and re-evaluation. Set of SL-PRS resource ID (s) which can include all (pre-)configured SL-PRS resource IDs.
  • a SL resource (re)selection procedure e.g., as defined in 3GPP Rel. 16 or Rel.
  • Channel busy ratio may be defined in sidelink to keep track of channel resource utilization at each given node.
  • SL CBR may be defined as follows, e.g.: 49 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • SL CBR SL CBR
  • SL RSSI used to determine the SL CBR
  • Table 2 SL RSSI
  • a CBR configuration may be configured per SL-PRS resource pool via IE SL-ResourcePool-r16.
  • sl-ThreshS-RSSI-CBR indicates the S-RSSI threshold for determining the contribution of a sub-channel to the CBR measurement.
  • Value 0 corresponds to -112 dBm, value 1 to -110 dBm, value n to (-112 + n*2) dBm, and so on.
  • sl- TimeWindowSizeCBR indicates the time window size for CBR measurement.
  • up to sixteen CBR ranges may be pre-defined.
  • a UE e.g., vehicle
  • the UE measures the CBR and maps it to one of the ranges to get the CRLimit.
  • the UE also estimates its CR and if it is higher than the CRLimit, the UE adjusts transmission parameter(s) for the SL-PRS.
  • congestion control can restrict at least the following range of parameters for SL-PRS configuration per resource pool by CBR and priority: • Maximum SL-PRS transmission power • Maximum Number of SL-PRS (re-)transmissions • Minimum Periodicity of SL-PRS • Maximum Number of SL-PRS resources in a slot • Maximum comb-size of a SL-PRS resource in a slot • Maximum Number of OFDM symbols of a SL-PRS resource in a slot [0169]
  • the CR limits are (pre)- configured per priority in a resource pool.
  • the CR limit may be left to UE implementation.
  • the SL-PRS can share the same restriction of PSSCH without specific enhancement in addition to what is already pre-defined.
  • CBR/CR may be redefined by considering the SL-PRS resource allocation/configuration.
  • Scheme 2 SL-PRS resource allocation with regards to the congestion control for a 51 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • SL-RSSI is measured on a slot configured for transmission of PSCCH and SL-PRS.
  • a single SL-RSSI is measured on symbols with both SL-PRS and PSCCH.
  • CBR/CR may be separately configured for a dedicated resource pool and could adopt the legacy values.
  • SL-PRS CR for a dedicated resource pool for positioning is defined as follows, e.g.: • Sidelink PRS Channel Occupancy Ratio (SL-PRS CR) evaluated at slot n is defined as the total number of SL-PRS resources sub-channels used for its transmissions in slots [n-a, n-1] and granted in slots [n, n+b] divided by the total number of configured SL-PRS resources sub-channels in the transmission pool over [n-a, n+b].
  • SL-PRS CR Sidelink PRS Channel Occupancy Ratio
  • SL-PRS CBR for a dedicated resource pool for positioning is defined as follows, e.g.: • SL-PRS Channel Busy Ratio (SL-PRS CBR) measured in slot n is defined as the portion of sub-channels SL-PRS resources in the resource pool whose SL-PRS RSSI measured by the UE exceed a (pre-)configured threshold sensed over a CBR m easurement window [n-a, n-1], wherein a is equal to 100 or 100 2 ⁇ slots, according to higher layer parameter [sl-TimeWindowSizeCBR].
  • SL-PRS CBR SL-PRS Channel Busy Ratio
  • SL-PRS RSSI for a dedicated resource pool for positioning is defined as follows, e.g.: • Sidelink PRS Received Signal Strength Indicator (SL-PRS RSSI) of a SL-PRS resource is defined as the linear average of the total received power (in [W]) observed in the configured sub-channelresource elements in OFDM symbols of a slot configured for the SL-PRS resource, starting from the 2nd OFDM symbol, and observed in the configured sub-channel in OFDM symbols of a slot configured for the associated PSCCH, starting from the 2nd OFDM symbol. and PSSCH, starting from the 2nd OFDM symbol.
  • S-PRS RSSI Sidelink PRS Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • SL-PRS CR SL-PRS CBR
  • SL-PRS RSSI are defined for individual resource pools, and do not account for aggregation of SL-PRS resource pools.
  • 52 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO In some designs, aggregation is performed on a resource pool (RP) basis.
  • the following conditions may be satisfied for the aggregated PRS resources from a RPs, e.g.: • In the same slot, in same symbols, by the same RP associated with the same UE ARP, from the same RF chain (i.e. the same antenna), • The same QCL, • The same number of symbols, symbol location within one slot, repetition factor, • The same numerology, i.e. the same CP and SCS • The same or different bandwidths, • The same comb size, • The same power per subcarrier, • Aggregated RPs are configured on the same aligned numerology grid.
  • FIG.10 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools 1000, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. In the example depicted in FIG.
  • the set of aggregated SL resource pools 1000 comprises a first shared SL resource pool on a first carrier (e.g., a first component carrier (CC), denoted as CC1) and a second shared SL resource pool on a second carrier (e.g., a second CC, denoted as CC2), each of which is configured as described above with respect to FIG.8A.
  • CC1 and CC2 may be separated (in frequency- domain) by one or more CC guard bands.
  • FIG.11 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools 1100, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. In the example depicted in FIG.
  • the set of aggregated SL resource pools 1100 comprises a first dedicated SL resource pool on a first carrier (e.g., a first component carrier (CC), denoted as CC1) and a second dedicated SL resource pool on a 53 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO second carrier (e.g., a second CC, denoted as CC2), each of which is configured as described above with respect to FIG.9.
  • the aggreged SL PRS resources are indicated by 1110.
  • CC1 and CC2 may be separated (in frequency- domain) by one or more CC guard bands.
  • the CC guard bands (which do not carry SL-PRS) may be configured such that a comb-pattern for SL-PRS 1 and 2 across CC1 and CC2 is maintained as if the CC guard bands carried SL-PRS 1 and 2.
  • FIG.12 illustrates a set of aggregated SL resource pools 1200, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. In the example depicted in FIG.
  • the set of aggregated SL resource pools 1200 comprises a first dedicated SL resource pool on a first carrier (e.g., a first component carrier (CC), denoted as CC1) and a second shared SL resource pool on a second carrier (e.g., a second CC, denoted as CC2), which is configured as described above with respect to FIG. 8B (not that in other designs, the dedicated SL resource pool may instead be aggregated with a shared SL resource pool, such as the one depicted in FIG. 8A).
  • the aggreged SL PRS resources are indicated by 1210.
  • CC1 and CC2 may be separated (in frequency-domain) by one or more CC guard bands.
  • the CC guard bands (which do not carry SL-PRS) may be configured such that a comb-pattern for SL-PRS 1 and 2 across CC1 and CC2 is maintained as if the CC guard bands carried SL-PRS 1 and 2.
  • an explicit pre-configuration e.g., network-configured or pre-defined
  • SL-PRS resource ID (M, N) pattern
  • comb-offset may be included in shared sidelink resource pools for positioning
  • SL- PRS resources is mapped to the last consecutive (or contiguous) ‘M’ SL symbols in the slot that can be used for SL-PRS, i.e., taking into consideration multiplexing with physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, and/or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the slot.
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • SL-RP-P-specific SL-PRS resource allocation may be performed independently for each respective aggregated SL-RP-P.
  • SL-PRS resource symbol alignments, comb-patterns, etc. may be misaligned, and at least some UEs (e.g., reduced capability of RedCap UEs) may be incapable of 54 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO supporting sidelink positioning in case of such misalignments, or even if supported, may perform sub-optimally.
  • SL-PRS sidelink positioning reference signal
  • a UE determines a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation (e.g., transmission of SL-PRS and/or reception/measurement of SL-PRS) via a set of aggregated sidelink resource pools for positioning (SL-RP-P).
  • the UE allocates SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules.
  • the UE performs the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated SL- PRS resources.
  • FIG.13 illustrates an exemplary process 1300 of communications according to an aspect of the disclosure.
  • the process 1300 of FIG. 13 is performed by a UE, such as UE 302.
  • a position estimation entity is deployed separately from the UE (e.g., at a network component such as LMF integrated at gNB/BS 304 or O-RAN component or a remote location server such as network entity 306, etc.).
  • the position estimation entity may correspond to another UE (e.g., sidelink anchor UE or sidelink server UE) or to the UE itself.
  • the position estimation entity is integrated with the UE itself, reference to any Rx/Tx operations between the position estimation entity and the UE in which the position estimation entity is integrated may correspond to transfer of information between different logical components of the device over a data bus, etc.
  • the UE e.g., processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc. determines a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P).
  • the first resource configuration may be determined independently at the UE, or may be communicated to the UE from another component (e.g., gNB for mode 1 sidelink operation, another UE 55 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO via SCI for mode 2 sidelink operation, etc.).
  • a means for performing the determination of 1310 includes processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc., of FIG.3A. [0185] Referring to FIG.
  • the UE determines a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP-P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps.
  • the second resource configuration may be determined independently at the UE, or may be communicated to the UE from another component (e.g., gNB for mode 1 sidelink operation, another UE via SCI for mode 2 sidelink operation, etc.).
  • a means for performing the determination of 1320 includes processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc., of FIG.3A.
  • the UE e.g., processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc.
  • a means for performing the determination of 1330 includes processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc., of FIG.3A.
  • the UE e.g., processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc.
  • the UE allocates SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules.
  • a means for performing the allocation of 1340 includes processor(s) 342, SL- PRS aggregation component 348, etc., of FIG.3A.
  • the UE e.g., receiver 312 or 322, transmitter 314 or 324, processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc.
  • the UE performs the aggregated SL- PRS operation via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • a means for performing the aggregated SL-PRS operation of 1350 includes receiver 312 or 322, transmitter 314 or 324, processor(s) 342, SL-PRS aggregation component 348, etc., of FIG.3A. [0189] Referring to FIG.
  • the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises an SL-PRS transmission operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources, or the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises a SL-PRS reception and measurement operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • 56 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO Referring to FIG. 13, in some designs, the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters includes a candidate SL-PRS symbol duration and a candidate comb-size. [0191] Referring to FIG.
  • the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P correspond to shared SL-RP-Ps that each includes at least one resource associated with data communications (e.g., physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, etc.).
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules includes a SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters.
  • the reference symbol corresponds to the last symbol per slot.
  • multiple SL-RP-Ps are configured for SL-PRS transmissions for a UE.
  • the SL-PRS transmissions of these resource pools can be BW aggregated.
  • one or more transmission properties e.g., symbol index in the slot, comb-type, comb-offset
  • One example of such a common transmission property may correspond to the location (e.g., symbol(s)) of a SL-PRS in a slot.
  • SL PRS resource is mapped to the last consecutive ‘M’ SL symbols in the slot that can be used for SL PRS across both resource pools, i.e., taking into consideration multiplexing with PSSCH DMRS, PT-RS, CSI-RS, PSFCH, gap symbols, AGC symbols, PSCCH in the slot across both resource pools.
  • UE may attempt to ensure that the SL-PRS symbols across all the carrier aggregated resource pool are the same.
  • UE may attempt to ensure that the number of SL-PRS transmitting symbols across all the carrier aggregated resource pool are same.
  • UE may seek to ensure same comb-pattern transmitting across all the carrier aggregated resource pool.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 1400 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.
  • the SL-PRS allocation scheme 1400 applies the legacy SL-PRS allocation rule for particular SL-RP-P configurations, with a first SL-RP-P associated with CC1 and a second SL-RP-P associated with CC2.
  • the legacy SL-PRS allocation rule is to map the SL-PRS resource the last consecutive ‘M’ SL symbols in the slot that can be used for SL-PRS.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 1500 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process 1300 of FIG.13.
  • the SL-PRS allocation scheme 1500 is based on the same SL-RP-P configurations as in FIG. 14, except that a different SL-PRS allocation rule is implemented.
  • the SL-PRS allocation rule of FIG.15 is to jointly place SL-PRS resources across the aggregated SL- RP-Ps with consideration to the channel allocations in both SL-RP-Ps.
  • SL-PRS2 in CC2 is moved earlier in the slot so that the SL-PRS stays in a symbol simultaneously with the SL-PRS2 in CC1.
  • SL-PRS2 in CC1 is moved earlier also so that it stays simultaneously with the SL-PRS2 in CC2.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the first SL-RP-P
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, which satisfy the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy an overlapping SL-PRS requirement that requires at least one overlapping SL-PRS symbol in the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the 58 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 1600 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.
  • the SL-PRS allocation scheme 1600 applies the legacy SL-PRS allocation rule for particular SL-RP-P configurations, with a first SL-RP-P associated with CC1 and a second SL-RP-P associated with CC2.
  • the legacy SL-PRS allocation rule is to map the SL-PRS resource the last consecutive ‘M’ SL symbols in the slot that can be used for SL-PRS.
  • ‘M’ 2 for SL-RP-P in CC1
  • ‘M’ 1 for SL-RP-P in CC2.
  • the result is time-domain misalignment of SL-PRS2 between the two SL-RP-Ps.
  • each resource pool is triggered with a given SL-PRS resource and the SL- PRS resource is placed in the first available opportunity (from end of slot) that does not collide with any channel in the corresponding resource pool.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 1700 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process 1300 of FIG.13.
  • the SL-PRS allocation scheme 1700 is based on the same SL-RP-P configurations and M values as in FIG.16, except that a different SL-PRS allocation rule is implemented.
  • the SL-PRS allocation rule of FIG. 17 is to jointly place SL-PRS resources across the aggregated SL-RP-Ps with consideration to the channel allocations in both SL-RP-Ps.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol and a threshold of which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that punctures, from the closest set of contiguous symbols in each SL-RP- 59 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 1800 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.
  • the SL-PRS allocation scheme 1800 applies the legacy SL-PRS allocation rule for particular SL-RP-P configurations, with a first SL-RP-P associated with CC1 and a second SL-RP-P associated with CC2.
  • the legacy SL-PRS allocation rule is to map the SL-PRS resource the last consecutive ‘M’ SL symbols in the slot that can be used for SL-PRS.
  • ‘M’ 3 for SL-RP-P in CC1
  • ‘M’ 3 for SL-RP-P in CC2.
  • the result is time-domain misalignment of SL-PRS2 between the two SL-RP-Ps.
  • each resource pool is triggered with a given SL-PRS resource and the SL- PRS resource is placed in the first available opportunity (from end of slot) that does not collide with any channel in the corresponding resource pool.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 1900 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process 1300 of FIG.13.
  • the SL-PRS allocation scheme 1900 is based on the same SL-RP-P configurations and M values as in FIG.18, except that a different SL-PRS allocation rule is implemented.
  • the SL-PRS allocation rule of FIG. 1 is based on the same SL-RP-P configurations and M values as in FIG.18, except that a different SL-PRS allocation rule is implemented.
  • SL-PRS2 in CC2 is moved earlier in the slot so that the SL-PRS stays in a symbol simultaneously with the latest symbol for SL-PRS2 in CC1.
  • a ‘middle’ symbol of SL-PRS2 in CC2 is punctured so as not to collide with DMRS, while the beginning and ending symbols are allocated to SL-PRS2. In this manner, two symbols are preserved for SL-PRS2 in CC2 with symbol alignment, in contrast to FIG.18.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first SL-PRS symbol duration
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises a first SL-PRS allocation rule that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL- PRS operation, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol 60 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the first SL-PRS symbol duration.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises a second SL-PRS allocation rule, if the attempt via the first SL-PRS allocation rule is unsuccessful, that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL- PRS operation, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy a second SL-PRS symbol duration that is decremented from the first SL- PRS symbol.
  • the second SL-PRS allocation rule is executed repeatedly with successively decremented SL-PRS symbol durations until a repeated execution of the second SL-PRS allocation rule is successful or the successively decremented SL-PRS symbol duration drops below a threshold.
  • M 3
  • M is decremented by 1, and the UE checks if any combination of symbols that result in M-1-contiguous symbols (e.g., 2) that are symbol-aligned across all aggregated SL-RP-Ps. If so, the SL-PRS resources are allocated accordingly. If not, M is decremented by 1, and the UE checks if any combination of symbols that result in M-2-contiguous symbols (e.g., 1) that are symbol- aligned across all aggregated SL-RP-Ps. If so, the SL-PRS resources are allocated accordingly. If not, some other SL-PRS allocation rule is implemented (e.g., because M cannot be 0).
  • a minimum number of PRS symbols (M_min) to be transmitted may be provided by upper layer (e.g., MAC layer) or may be pre-defined. In an aspect, if UE is not able to fit minimum of M_min number of symbol across all RP, UE shall not transmit the aggregated PRS in that slot.
  • the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration is larger than the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and the overlapping SL-PRS requirement requires that each symbol of the first closest set of contiguous symbols be overlapped by the second closest set of contiguous symbols.
  • FIG.15 depicts one example of this aspect.
  • the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same starting symbol and different ending symbols, or the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second 61 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same ending symbol and different starting symbols.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first comb-pattern associated with the first SL-RP-P
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a second comb-pattern associated with the second SL-RP- P that is different than the first comb-pattern.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 2000 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process 1300 of FIG. 13.
  • ‘M’ 3 for SL-RP-P in CC1
  • ‘M’ 1 for SL-RP-P in CC2.
  • the symbol for SL-PRS2 in CC2 is aligned with a starting symbol for SL-PRS2 in CC1.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 2100 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process 1300 of FIG. 13.
  • ‘M’ 3 for SL-RP-P in CC1
  • ‘M’ 1 for SL-RP-P in CC2.
  • the symbol for SL-PRS2 in CC2 is aligned with an ending symbol for SL-PRS2 in CC1.
  • the comb patterns for SL-PRS2 in CC1 and CC2 may be the same or different.
  • the starting symbol condition for better alignment of PRS resources may be relaxed depending on various criteria.
  • UE may need to make sure transmitting symbols across all the carrier aggregated resource pool are within slot.
  • a comb-pattern and/or a number of PRS symbols transmitted on different SL-RP-Ps may be the same or different.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP-P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL- PRS in the second SL-RP-P, and a third SL-PRS allocation rule that requires a symbol 62 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a SL-PRS allocation scheme 2200 for aggregated SL-RP-Ps in accordance with an example implementation of the process 1300 of FIG. 13.
  • ‘M’ 3 for SL-RP-P in CC1
  • ‘M’ 1 for SL-RP-P in CC2.
  • SL-PRS2 in CC2 is required to be scheduled within X symbols from SL-PRS2 in CC2 (e.g., relative to some SL-PRS2 reference symbol in each respective CC).
  • the comb patterns for SL-PRS2 in CC1 and CC2 may be the same or different.
  • the simultaneous transmission requirement is relaxed, while the requirement for SL-PRS2 to be transmitted in each aggregated SL-RP- P in same slot is maintained.
  • the transmission power in CC1 and CC2 for SL-PRS is the same, there are no returns, and no bandwidth change, etc.
  • a maximum gap (X) in symbols may be pre-defined or configured via higher layer.
  • UE may keep SL-PRS transmitting symbols across all the carrier aggregated resource pool are within M slots (e.g., M may be as small as 1).
  • a number of PRS symbols transmitted on different SL-RP-Ps may be the same or different.
  • a comb structure different SL-RP-Ps may be the same or different.
  • the set of pre-configured symbol types comprise a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, or any combination thereof.
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • GAC automatic gain control
  • the UE further transmits a first capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or transmits a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing
  • a first capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration
  • a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing
  • the UE further receives a first capability indication that indicates a capability of another UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL- PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or receives a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the another UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • the allocation of the SL-PRS resources is based on the first capability indication, the second capability indication, or a combination thereof.
  • an “effective” comb size ⁇ 1, 2, 4, ..., N ⁇ may be characterized based on a number of REs in a comb-pattern across a set of contiguous symbols.
  • an effective comb-size of ‘1’ may be defined where the REs across the set of contiguous symbols equals the number of REs (e.g., 12) per symbol, e.g.: Table 1: Effective Comb Size [0216] In Table 1, note that comb-2 with any number of symbols greater than or equal to 2 will have an effective comb-size of 1.
  • non-uniform comb type combining for SL positioning aggregated resources may be supported.
  • non-uniform comb type combining for SL positioning frequency hopped resources may be supported.
  • SL-PRS resources in SL-RP- P 1 with comb-X are aggregated with SL-PRS resources in SL-RP-P 2 with comb-Y.
  • Various pairings of X and Y may be supported, in aspects of the disclosure. This may be possible in some cases because SL-PRS position estimation session may be fairly short (e.g., so the processing capability of the UE is not overloaded).
  • a false 64 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref may be used, a false 64 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • No.2400016WO peak is introduced because of non-uniform aggregation/frequency hoping is outside the range, this need not impact the UE performance.
  • a new UE capability to do effective comb processing, and/or a new UE capability to do non-uniform comb combining for the aggregated resources may be reported and used to determine an aggregated SL-RP-P configuration.
  • supported comb-size pairs (X,Y) may be reported by the UE, e.g., (2,4), (4,6), (2,6) etc.
  • a range of supported comb-size pairings may be reported.
  • a method of operating a user equipment comprising: determining a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL- RP-P); determining a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP-P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL-RP- Ps; determining a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) 65 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • SL-PRS candidate sidelink positioning reference signal
  • No.2400016WO parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and performing the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises an SL-PRS transmission operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources, or wherein the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises a SL-PRS reception and measurement operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1 to 2, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P correspond to shared SL-RP-Ps that each comprises at least one resource associated with data communications.
  • Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a candidate SL-PRS symbol duration and a candidate comb-size.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL- PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters.
  • a SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL- PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, which satisfy the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy an overlapping SL-PRS requirement that requires at least one overlapping SL-PRS symbol in the first SL-RP-P 66 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol and a threshold of which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that punctures, from the closest set of contiguous symbols in each SL-RP- P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, any SL-RP-P-specific symbol that does not permit SL-PRS.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first SL-PRS symbol duration
  • the set of aggregated 67 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the first SL-PRS symbol duration.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a second SL-PRS allocation rule, if the attempt via the first SL-PRS allocation rule is unsuccessful, that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy a second SL-PRS symbol duration that is decremented from the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • the set of pre-configured symbol types comprise a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, or any combination thereof.
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP- P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the second SL-RP-P, and a third SL-PRS allocation rule that requires a symbol separation between the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols to be less than a SL-PRS symbol separation threshold.
  • Clause 20 The method of any of clauses 1 to 19, further comprising: transmitting a first capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform effective comb- processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or transmitting a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform non-uniform comb- processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 21 The method of clause 20, wherein the allocation of the SL-PRS resources is based on the first capability indication, the second capability indication, or a combination thereof.
  • a user equipment comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: determine a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P); determine a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP-P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps; determine a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and perform the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a candidate SL-PRS symbol duration and a candidate comb-size.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL- PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters.
  • Clause 29 The UE of clause 28, wherein the reference symbol corresponds to the last symbol per slot.
  • Clause 30 The UE of any of clauses 24 to 29, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the first SL-RP-P, and wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • Clause 31 Clause 31.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, which satisfy the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy an overlapping SL-PRS requirement that requires at least one overlapping SL-PRS symbol in the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP-P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the second SL-RP- P, which satisfy the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy the overlapping SL-PRS requirement.
  • Clause 32 The UE of clause 31, wherein the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration is larger than the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and wherein the overlapping 70 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO SL-PRS requirement requires that each symbol of the first closest set of contiguous symbols be overlapped by the second closest set of contiguous symbols.
  • Clause 33 The UE of any of clauses 31 to 32, wherein the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same starting symbol and different ending symbols, or wherein the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same ending symbol and different starting symbols.
  • Clause 34 The UE of any of clauses 30 to 33, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first comb-pattern associated with the first SL-RP-P, and wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a second comb-pattern associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first comb-pattern.
  • Clause 35 The UE of clause 34, wherein an effective comb-size associated with the first comb-pattern across the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration is equal to an effective comb-size associated with the second comb-pattern across the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol and a threshold of which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that punctures, from the closest set of contiguous symbols in each SL-RP- P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, any SL-RP-P-specific symbol that does not permit SL-PRS.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first SL-PRS symbol duration
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the first SL-PRS symbol duration.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a second SL-PRS allocation rule, if the attempt via the first SL-PRS allocation rule is unsuccessful, that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a 71 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy a second SL-PRS symbol duration that is decremented from the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • the set of pre-configured symbol types comprise a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, or any combination thereof.
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP- P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the second SL-RP-P, and a third SL-PRS allocation rule that requires a symbol separation between the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols to be less than a SL-PRS symbol separation threshold.
  • Clause 43 The UE of any of clauses 24 to 42, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: transmit, via the one or more transceivers, a first capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or transmit, via the one or more transceivers, a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • 72 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO Clause 44.
  • Clause 45 The UE of any of clauses 24 to 44, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, a first capability indication that indicates a capability of another UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or receive, via the one or more transceivers, a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the another UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • a user equipment comprising: means for determining a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P); means for determining a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP- P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; means for determining a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL- PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and means for performing
  • Clause 48 The UE of clause 47, wherein the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises an SL-PRS transmission operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources, or wherein the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises a SL-PRS reception and measurement operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • Clause 49 The UE of any of clauses 47 to 48, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P correspond to shared SL-RP-Ps that each comprises at least one resource associated with data communications.
  • 73 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO Clause 50.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a candidate SL-PRS symbol duration and a candidate comb-size.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL- PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters.
  • Clause 52 The UE of clause 51, wherein the reference symbol corresponds to the last symbol per slot.
  • Clause 53 The UE of any of clauses 47 to 52, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the first SL-RP-P, and wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • Clause 54 Clause 54.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, which satisfy the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy an overlapping SL-PRS requirement that requires at least one overlapping SL-PRS symbol in the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP-P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the second SL-RP- P, which satisfy the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy the overlapping SL-PRS requirement.
  • Clause 55 The UE of clause 54, wherein the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration is larger than the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and wherein the overlapping SL-PRS requirement requires that each symbol of the first closest set of contiguous symbols be overlapped by the second closest set of contiguous symbols.
  • Clause 56 The UE of any of clauses 54 to 55, wherein the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same starting symbol and different ending symbols, or wherein the first closest set of 74 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same ending symbol and different starting symbols.
  • Clause 57 The UE of any of clauses 53 to 56, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first comb-pattern associated with the first SL-RP-P, and wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a second comb-pattern associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first comb-pattern.
  • Clause 58 The UE of clause 57, wherein an effective comb-size associated with the first comb-pattern across the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration is equal to an effective comb-size associated with the second comb-pattern across the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol and a threshold of which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that punctures, from the closest set of contiguous symbols in each SL-RP- P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, any SL-RP-P-specific symbol that does not permit SL-PRS.
  • the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first SL-PRS symbol duration
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the first SL-PRS symbol duration.
  • the set of pre-configured symbol types comprise a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, or any combination thereof.
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP- P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the second SL-RP-P, and a third SL-PRS allocation rule that requires a symbol separation between the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols to be less than a SL-PRS symbol separation threshold.
  • Clause 66 The UE of any of clauses 47 to 65, further comprising: means for transmitting a first capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or means for transmitting a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 67 The UE of clause 66, wherein the allocation of the SL-PRS resources is based on the first capability indication, the second capability indication, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 68 Clause 68.
  • the UE of any of clauses 47 to 67 further comprising: means for receiving a first capability indication that indicates a capability of another UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or means for receiving a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the another UE to 76 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO perform non-uniform comb-processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 69 The UE of clause 68, wherein the allocation of the SL-PRS resources is based on the first capability indication, the second capability indication, or a combination thereof.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: determine a first resource configuration associated with a first sidelink resource pool for positioning (SL-RP-P); determine a second resource configuration associated with a second SL-RP- P, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P belong to a set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; determine a set of candidate sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) parameters associated with an aggregated SL-PRS operation via the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps; allocating SL-PRS resources for the aggregated SL-PRS operation based on the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, the first resource configuration, the second resource configuration, and a set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules; and perform the aggregated SL-PRS operation via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • SL-RP-P sidelink resource pool for positioning
  • Clause 71 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 70, wherein the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises an SL-PRS transmission operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources, or wherein the aggregated SL-PRS operation comprises a SL-PRS reception and measurement operation performed by the UE via the allocated SL-PRS resources.
  • Clause 72 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 71, wherein the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P correspond to shared SL-RP-Ps that each comprises at least one resource associated with data communications.
  • Clause 73 Clause 73.
  • Clause 75 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 74, wherein the reference symbol corresponds to the last symbol per slot.
  • Clause 76 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 75, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the first SL-RP-P, and wherein the set of candidate SL- PRS parameters comprises a second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • Clause 77 Clause 77.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the first SL-RP-P, which satisfy the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy an overlapping SL-PRS requirement that requires at least one overlapping SL-PRS symbol in the first SL-RP-P and the second SL-RP-P, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP-P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL- PRS in the second SL-RP-P, which satisfy the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and which satisfy the overlapping SL-PRS requirement.
  • Clause 78 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 77, wherein the second contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration is larger than the first contiguous SL-PRS symbol duration, and wherein the overlapping SL-PRS requirement requires that each symbol of the first closest set of contiguous symbols be overlapped by the second closest set of contiguous symbols.
  • Clause 79 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 77 to 78, wherein the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same starting symbol and different ending symbols, or wherein the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols are associated with the same ending symbol and different starting symbols.
  • Clause 80 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 76 to 79, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first comb-pattern associated with the first SL-RP-P, and wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters 78 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO comprises a second comb-pattern associated with the second SL-RP-P that is different than the first comb-pattern. [0301] Clause 81.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol and a threshold of which permit SL- PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters, and a second SL-PRS allocation rule that punctures, from the closest set of contiguous symbols in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP- Ps, any SL-RP-P-specific symbol that does not permit SL-PRS.
  • Clause 83 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 82, wherein the set of candidate SL-PRS parameters comprises a first SL-PRS symbol duration, and wherein the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL- PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL-RP-Ps, and which satisfy the first SL- PRS symbol duration.
  • Clause 84 Clause 84.
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a second SL-PRS allocation rule, if the attempt via the first SL-PRS allocation rule is unsuccessful, that attempts to allocate, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in each SL-RP-P of the set of aggregated SL- RP-Ps, and which satisfy a second SL-PRS symbol duration that is decremented from the first SL-PRS symbol.
  • the set of pre-configured symbol types comprise a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PFSCH), a gap symbol, an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol, or any combination thereof.
  • PSSCH physical sidelink shared channel
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PT-RS phase-tracking reference signal
  • PFSCH physical sidelink feedback channel
  • GAC automatic gain control
  • the set of aggregated SL-PRS allocation rules comprises: a first SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the first SL-RP-P, a first closest set of contiguous symbols that precede a reference symbol which permit SL- PRS in the first SL-RP-P, a second SL-PRS allocation rule that allocates, to the aggregated SL-PRS operation in the second SL-RP-P, a second closest set of contiguous symbols that precede the reference symbol which permit SL-PRS in the second SL-RP- P, and a third SL-PRS allocation rule that requires a symbol separation between the first closest set of contiguous symbols and the second closest set of contiguous symbols to be less than a SL-PRS symbol separation threshold.
  • Clause 89 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 70 to 88, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: transmit a first capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform effective comb-processing for SL-PRS across a given SL-PRS symbol duration, or transmit a second capability indication that indicates a capability of the UE to perform non-uniform comb-processing for SL-PRS aggregated SL-RP-Ps, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 90 Clause 90.
  • Clause 92 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 91, wherein the allocation of the SL-PRS resources is based on the first capability indication, the second capability indication, or a combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.
  • a software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE).
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, 82 QC2400016WO Qualcomm Ref. No.2400016WO radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.
  • the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” and the like does not preclude the presence of one or more additional elements (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B).
  • the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”) or the alternatives are mutually exclusive (e.g., “one or more” should not be interpreted as “one and more”).

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Abstract

Des aspects de la divulgation concernent l'attribution de ressources de signal de référence de positionnement de liaison latérale (SL-PRS) pour des groupes de ressources de liaison latérale agrégés. Selon un aspect, un UE détermine un ensemble de paramètres de signal de référence de positionnement de liaison latérale (SL-PRS) candidats associés à une opération SL-PRS agrégée (par exemple, la transmission de SL-PRS et/ou la réception/mesure de SL-PRS) par l'intermédiaire des groupes de ressources de liaison latérale agrégés pour le positionnement (SL-RP-P). L'UE attribue des ressources SL-PRS pour l'opération SL-PRS agrégée sur la base de l'ensemble de paramètres SL-PRS candidats, de la première configuration de ressources, de la seconde configuration de ressources et d'un ensemble de règles d'attribution SL-PRS agrégées. L'UE effectue l'opération SL-PRS agrégée par l'intermédiaire des ressources SL-PRS attribuées. De tels aspects peuvent fournir divers avantages techniques, tels que simplifier ou rationaliser une transmission SL-PRS et/ou des mesures de SL-PRS, une estimation de position plus précise, une latence de positionnement réduite, permettre à des UE basse performance (par exemple, une capacité réduite d'UE RedCap) de participer à une estimation de position basée sur SL-PRS, etc.
PCT/US2024/056878 2023-12-06 2024-11-21 Attribution de ressources de signal de référence de positionnement de liaison latérale pour groupes de ressources de liaison latérale agrégés Pending WO2025122360A1 (fr)

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Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MODERATOR (INTEL CORPORATION): "FL summary #4 on SL positioning reference signal", vol. 3GPP RAN 1, no. Incheon, Korea; 20230522 - 20230526, 28 May 2023 (2023-05-28), XP052495487, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_113/Inbox/R1-2306236.zip R1-2306236 - SLPRS_FLS4.docx> [retrieved on 20230528] *
TORSTEN WILDSCHEK ET AL: "Potential solutions for SL positioning", vol. RAN WG1, no. Toulouse, FR; 20221114 - 20221118, 7 November 2022 (2022-11-07), XP052221395, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/TSG_RAN/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_111/Docs/R1-2210832.zip R1-2210832-Nokia-SLpos-PotentialSolutions.docx> [retrieved on 20221107] *

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