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WO2025164558A1 - Composition pour attirer des poissons et aliment pour poissons - Google Patents

Composition pour attirer des poissons et aliment pour poissons

Info

Publication number
WO2025164558A1
WO2025164558A1 PCT/JP2025/002366 JP2025002366W WO2025164558A1 WO 2025164558 A1 WO2025164558 A1 WO 2025164558A1 JP 2025002366 W JP2025002366 W JP 2025002366W WO 2025164558 A1 WO2025164558 A1 WO 2025164558A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ppb
ppm
acid
fish
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/JP2025/002366
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
秀一 佐藤
貴彦 網塚
怜 藤田
健典 岡部
真之 古城戸
賢治 原口
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
T Hasegawa Co Ltd
Fukui Prefectural University
Original Assignee
T Hasegawa Co Ltd
Fukui Prefectural University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by T Hasegawa Co Ltd, Fukui Prefectural University filed Critical T Hasegawa Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025164558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025164558A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fish attractant composition that can be added to feed used in fish farming, for example, and to fish feed containing the same.
  • fish feed feed used in fish farming
  • fish meal which is high in protein and contains a balanced amount of essential amino acids for fish
  • fish oil which contains essential fatty acids.
  • fish meal has problems in terms of stable supply and water pollution, the fish meal in fish feed has been replaced with plant-based feed.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a dietary attractant composition for eels, which is made by adding a composition with a grassy, fruity aroma consisting of two or more components such as methanol, sec-amyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol to a retention agent, with the aim of making the composition palatable to eels.
  • Patent Document 2 describes fish food that contains a specified amount or more of 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, which is made by treating soybean meal with proteases contained in the stomach and pyloric caeca of fish.
  • Patent Document 3 describes feed made by converting aldehydes or alcohols, which are odorous substances contained in the feed ingredients, into carboxylic acids through an oxidation reaction, with the aim of improving the palatability of feed for livestock, farmed fish, etc.
  • Non-patent document 1 describes how fish have developed olfactory organs that are highly sensitive to non-volatile substances such as amino acids and steroids, and that in addition to amino acids, polyamines and nucleic acids have been reported to be involved in the feeding behavior of fish.
  • Patent Document 1 states that a composition containing two or more compounds with a grassy, fruity aroma is useful for imparting palatability to eels
  • Patent Document 3 states that feed ingredients containing a mixture of soybeans, feather meal, feed crops, etc. have a strong grassy smell, pungent odor, and grassy taste, making them extremely unpalatable for livestock, fish, etc. The inventors believe that these seemingly contradictory results are due to the properties of the fragrance compounds.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 of the structurally similar compounds ⁇ -nonalactone and ⁇ -decalactone, ⁇ -nonalactone is described as having a "strong odor pronounced of coconut” and a “fatty, peculiar taste” (p. 1480), while ⁇ -decalactone, which differs from ⁇ -nonalactone by one carbon atom, has a "fruity and peach-like odor” and a “fruity, peach-like taste” (p. 379).
  • Non-Patent Document 1 While it is known that fish are highly sensitive to non-volatile substances, little progress has been made in understanding how fish perceive volatile substances such as fragrance compounds. For example, as noted in Patent Documents 1 and 3, it is unclear whether fish perceive a "fishy smell" in the same way as humans. Therefore, the attractive effect of fragrance compounds on fish is difficult to predict, and elucidating this issue is an important challenge.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a novel fish attractant composition using a fragrance compound and fish feed containing the same.
  • a composition for attracting fish comprising one or more compounds selected from the following Group A: (Group A) 4-heptenal, 2-nonenal, 2,6-nonadienal, 2,4-decadienal, benzyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, isophorone, homofuraneol, 1,5-octadien-3-one, cyclotene, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2-acetyl 3-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, para-cresol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-mercapto-2-
  • a method for improving the fish attractiveness of fish feed comprising the step of adding one or more compounds selected from the following Group A to fish feed: (Group A) 4-heptenal, 2-nonenal, 2,6-nonadienal, 2,4-decadienal, benzyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, isophorone, homofuraneol, 1,5-octadien-3-one, cyclotene, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2-acetyl 3-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, para-cresol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-methylbutoxyl
  • the present invention provides a new fish attractant composition and fish feed containing the same.
  • composition for attracting fish contains, as an active ingredient, one or more compounds selected from the following Group A (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Group A compounds”).
  • the present composition exhibits a fish-attracting effect, as shown in the examples below. Furthermore, as shown in the examples below, among the Group A compounds, benzyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, gamma-butyrolactone, 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, para-cresol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, octanal, 4,5-epoxydecenal, 1-nonanol, dihydroactinidiolide, 2-aminoacetophenone, skatole, durfurol, and methional have been found to exhibit particularly excellent attractant effects.
  • Group A compounds can be obtained by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example, by purchasing them as food flavoring compounds or reagents, extracting them from natural products, or synthesizing them according to standard methods.
  • the obtained compounds may be further purified, if necessary, using means such as column chromatography or vacuum distillation.
  • the present composition may contain other ingredients as long as it contains a predetermined amount of a Group A compound as an active ingredient. That is, any method that can be performed by a person skilled in the art, such as purchasing a Group A compound as a food flavoring compound or reagent, extracting it from a natural product, or synthesizing it according to standard methods, may be used as the present composition as is; a natural product containing a Group A compound may be used as is as the present composition; the Group A compound or a natural product containing a Group A compound may be added to a solvent and used as the present composition; the Group A compound may be added to a solvent or the like together with ingredients that can be added to fish feed, etc. and used as the present composition; or the Group A compound may be added to a composition containing ingredients that can be added to fish feed, etc. and used as the present composition.
  • composition in question can be rephrased as "use of a composition containing a Group A compound as a composition for attracting fish” or "a method of using a composition containing a Group A compound for attracting fish.”
  • the form of the present composition (in this paragraph, the present composition also includes the present composition B described below) is not particularly limited, but examples include a water-soluble composition, an oil-soluble composition, an emulsion composition, and a powder composition.
  • composition in question (in this paragraph, the composition in question also includes composition B, described below) may be added to fish feed by itself, or may be added to fish feed in combination with one or more water-soluble flavorings, emulsified flavoring compositions, arbitrary flavoring compounds, and natural essential oils (for example, flavoring compounds described in "Patent Office Gazette, Collection of Well-Known and Commonly Used Techniques (Flavors) Part II Food Flavorings (published January 14, 2000),” “Survey on the Actual Use of Food Flavoring Compounds in Japan,” and “Synthetic Flavorings: Chemistry and Product Knowledge (revised and expanded edition published December 20, 2016, edited by the Synthetic Flavorings Editorial Committee, Chemical Daily Co.)”).
  • present composition also includes the present composition B described below
  • present composition B is not particularly limited as long as it is usable for fish, and examples include fish feed, artificial bait, and fish attractants, such as bait for aquaculture, fishing, breeding, ornamental and/or recreational fishing (pasteurized bait, ground bait, etc.), but fish feed is the most preferred subject of addition of the present composition.
  • the present composition may contain only one compound selected from Group A as the active ingredient, or may contain two or more compounds selected from Group A in combination as active ingredients, and will still achieve the above-mentioned effects.
  • the concentration of the Group A compound in the composition (when one compound is used, this refers to the concentration of that compound; when two or more compounds are used in combination, this refers to the concentration of each compound.
  • concentration of the Group A compound in the composition can be determined arbitrarily depending on the target to which the composition is to be added.
  • composition in question when the composition in question is added to fish feed, the amount of 4-heptenal, 2,4-decadienal, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, ethyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, cyclotene, 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, paracresol, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, 2-pentylfuran, 2-octanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-decanone, 3,5-octadien-2-one, 2-undecanone, ketoisophorone, ⁇ -ionone, maltol, ⁇ -hexalactone, 3,4-dimethyl-5-propylidene-2
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm (excluding 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine), or 5 ppm (only 2,4-decadienal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol), and an upper limit of 10 ppm (only 2,4-decadienal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol).
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits, such as 5 ppm (only 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-enal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol), 5 ppm (excluding 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine), 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, and 2.5 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • examples of concentrations of amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, isophorone, homofuraneol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethylphenol in the fish feed are, relative to the total mass of the fish feed, 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 50 ppm or less (however, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 25 ppm or less, and 4-ethylguaiacol is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 10 ppm or less), preferably in the range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following lower limits: 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm (excluding 4-ethylguaiacol), and 25 ppm (excluding 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), and any upper limit: 50 ppm (excluding 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), 25 ppm (excluding 4-ethylguaiacol), 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, and 25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • examples of concentrations of 2-nonenal, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, heptanal, 2-hexenal, 2,4-heptadienal, 3-hexenol, 1-nonanol, ⁇ -pinene, limonene, 2-butanone, 2-pentadecanone, boboride, 2-aminoacetophenone, and skatole in the fish feed are, relative to the total mass of the fish feed, 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 1 ppm or less (however, for limonene, 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 5 ppm or less), preferably in the range of 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) to 10 ppb (0.01 ppm).
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm (limonene only), or 2.5 ppm (limonene only) and the upper limit of 5 ppm (limonene only), 2.5 ppm (limonene only), 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, or 250 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • examples of the concentration of 2,6-nonadienal in the fish feed include a range of 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 100 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm, based on the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, or 50 ppm, and an upper limit of 100 ppm or 50 ppm.
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits, such as 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, or 250 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • examples of concentrations of 4-decenal, phenylacetaldehyde, 4,5-epoxydecenal, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione, ⁇ -nonalactone, ⁇ -decalactone, dihydroactinidiolide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methional in the fish feed include concentrations of 10 ppt (0.00001 ppm) or more and 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) or less, preferably 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) to 1 ppb (0.001 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 10 ppt, 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, or 50 ppb and the upper limit of 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, 250 ppt, 100 ppt, 50 ppt, or 25 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • examples of the concentration of 1,5-octadien-3-one in the fish feed include a range of 100 ppq (0.0000001 ppm) or more and 50 ppb (0.05 ppm) or less, preferably 1 ppt (0.000001 ppm) to 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 100 ppq, 250 ppq, 500 ppq, 1 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 5 ppt, 10 ppt, 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, or 25 ppb, and an upper limit of 50 ppb, 25 ppb, or
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits of 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, 250 ppt, 100 ppt, 50 ppt, 25 ppt, 10 ppt, 5 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 1 ppt, 500 ppq, or 250 ppq, but is not limited to these.
  • examples of the concentration of benzyl alcohol in the fish feed include 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) or more and 500 ppm or less, preferably in the range of 1 ppm to 10 ppm, relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, or 250 ppm, and the upper limit of 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, or 250 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • composition B contains, in addition to a Group A compound, one or more compounds selected from the following Group B (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Group B compounds”) as active ingredients.
  • Group B Phenylacetic acid, octanoic acid, acetic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, benzaldehyde, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, isohexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), acetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 1-hexanol, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate
  • Composition B exhibits a fish-attracting effect.
  • Composition B contains a combination of a Group A compound and a Group B compound, it has the advantage of being more attractive to fish than a composition containing only a Group A compound.
  • the Group B compounds can be obtained by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as purchasing them as food flavoring compounds or reagents, extracting them from natural products, or synthesizing them according to standard methods.
  • the obtained compounds may be further purified, if necessary, using methods such as column chromatography or vacuum distillation.
  • Composition B contains prescribed amounts of Group A compounds and Group B compounds as active ingredients, it may also contain other ingredients. That is, as with Group A compounds, Group B compounds (which may contain other ingredients) obtained by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as purchasing them as food flavoring compounds or reagents, extracting them from natural products, or synthesizing them according to standard methods, may be added to a composition containing Group A compounds to be used as Composition B; a natural product containing Group A compounds and Group B compounds may be used as Composition B as is; Group A compounds and Group B compounds may be added to a solvent to be used as Composition B; a natural product containing Group A compounds and Group B compounds may be added to a solvent to be used as Composition B; Group A compounds and Group B compounds may be added to a solvent together with ingredients suitable for use in fish feed, etc. to be used as Composition B; or Group A compounds and Group B compounds may be added to a composition containing ingredients suitable for use in fish feed, etc. to be used as Composition B.
  • composition B in this case can be rephrased as "the use of a composition containing a group A compound and a group B compound as a composition for attracting fish” or "a method of using a composition containing a group A compound and a group B compound for attracting fish.”
  • Composition B may contain only one compound selected from Group B as an active ingredient in addition to the Group A compound, or may contain two or more compounds selected from Group B in combination as active ingredients, and still achieve the above-mentioned effects.
  • the concentration of the Group B compound in Composition B (when one compound is used, this refers to the concentration of that compound; when two or more compounds are used in combination, this refers to the concentration of each compound.
  • concentration of the Group B compound in Composition B when one compound is used, this refers to the concentration of that compound; when two or more compounds are used in combination, this refers to the concentration of each compound.
  • the same applies when both Group A and Group B compounds are used in combination; the same applies below) can be determined arbitrarily depending on the target to which Composition B is to be added.
  • composition B when Composition B is added to fish feed, examples of concentrations of octanoic acid, acetic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, benzaldehyde, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid in the fish feed are 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 50 ppm or less (however, for isovaleric acid, 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 100 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of the fish feed, preferably in the range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following: a lower limit of 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, or 50 ppm (isovaleric acid only); and an upper limit of 100 ppm (isovaleric acid only), 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, or 25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • composition B When Composition B is added to fish feed, examples of concentrations of phenylacetic acid, isohexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate in the fish feed are 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) or more and 10 ppm or less (however, heptanoic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate are 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) or more and 5 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of the fish feed, preferably in the range of 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) to 100 ppb (0.1 ppm).
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, or 5 ppm (excluding heptanoic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate) and the upper limit of 10 ppm (excluding heptanoic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate), 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, or 2.5 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of nonanoic acid, myristic acid, acetaldehyde, hexanal, and ethyl formate in the fish feed include concentrations of 0.1 ppb (0.0001 ppm) or more and 1 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) to 10 ppb (0.01 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 0.1 ppb, 0.25 ppb, 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, or 500 ppb and the upper limit of 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 0.5 ppb, or 0.25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • Composition B contains a predetermined amount of Group A compounds and Group B compounds as active ingredients, it may also contain other ingredients. That is, any method known to those skilled in the art can be used. For example, Group A compounds and Group B compounds (which may contain other ingredients) obtained by purchasing them as food flavoring compounds or reagents, extracting them from natural products, or synthesizing them according to standard methods can be used as Composition B as is; a natural product containing Group A compounds and Group B compounds can be used as is as Composition B; Group A compounds and Group B compounds can be added to a solvent or the like and used as Composition B; a natural product containing Group A compounds and Group B compounds can be added to a solvent or the like and used as Composition B; or Group A compounds and Group B compounds can be added to a composition containing ingredients that can be added to fish feed or the like and used as Composition B.
  • Group A compounds and Group B compounds obtained by purchasing them as food flavoring compounds or reagents, extracting them from natural products, or synthesizing them according to
  • fish examples of fish that can be attracted by the present composition include, but are not limited to, Perciformes, Tetraodontiformes, Pleuronectiformes, Clupeiniformes, Scorpaeniformes, Salmoniformes, and Osmeriformes.
  • Perciformes include sea bass, red sea bream, devil's stinger, red spotted grouper, grouper, black rockfish, rockfish, bigeye tuna, southern bluefin tuna, yellowfin tuna, albacore, bluefin tuna, yellowtail, horse mackerel, and chub mackerel.
  • Tetraodontiformes include tiger puffer, filefish, and black scraper.
  • Pleuronectiformes include flatfish, marbled flounder, spotted flounder, and flounder.
  • Clupeiniformes include anchovy, silver-stripe herring, and Japanese sardine.
  • the fish include sardines, Japanese sardines, etc.; the order Scorpaenidae, such as scorpion fish, rockfish, sablefish, stonefish, flathead, sculpin, and greenling; the order Salmonidae, such as rainbow trout, pink salmon, Atlantic salmon, king salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon, char, and yamame salmon; and the order Osmeridae, such as sweetfish, smelt, capelin, and icefish.
  • a particularly notable attracting effect can be achieved by using the composition of the present invention on fish of the order Perciformes.
  • a fish feed according to one embodiment of the present invention contains the composition of the present invention. That is, the fish feed of the present invention contains, as an active ingredient, one or more compounds selected from the following Group A (Group A compounds):
  • Group A 4-heptenal, 2-nonenal, 2,6-nonadienal, 2,4-decadienal, benzyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, isophorone, homofuraneol, 1,5-octadien-3-one, cyclotene, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2-acetonitrile ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, para-cresol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, heptanal, 2-hexenal, octan
  • the fish feed in question exhibits a fish-attracting effect, as shown in the examples below.
  • the fish feed of this invention can also contain feed ingredients commonly used in fish feed.
  • feed ingredients include fish meal, meat meal, insect meal, bone and meat, whitefish meal, krill meal, squid meal, feather meal, oil cakes, grains, bran, thickening polysaccharides (sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, guar gum, etc.), manufacturing by-products, starch, wheat flour, rice flour, rice bran, defatted rice bran, wheat bran, vitamins (vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, niacin, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, etc.), minerals (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, etc.), fats and oils (fish oil, feed oil, vegetable oil, etc.), and taurine.
  • vitamins vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, niacin, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid, etc.
  • minerals phosphorus, calcium,
  • the composition of this invention can compensate for the loss of palatability that occurs when fish meal is replaced with vegetable feed, it is preferable that the fish feed of this invention uses vegetable feed instead of fish meal. On the other hand, even if the fish feed contains fish meal, the composition is suitable because it can further improve palatability.
  • the concentration of the Group A compound in the fish feed in question (if one compound is used, this indicates the concentration of that compound; if two or more compounds are used in combination, this indicates the concentration of each compound.
  • concentration of the Group A compound in the fish feed in question can be determined freely depending on the type, shape, raw materials, etc. of the fish feed in question.
  • the fish feed in question contains 4-heptenal, 2,4-decadienal, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, ethyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, cyclotene, 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, paracresol, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, 2-pentylfuran, 2-octanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-decanone, 3,5-octadien-2-one, 2-undecanone, ketoisophorone, ⁇ -ionone, maltol, ⁇ -hexalactone, 3,4-dimethyl-5-propylidene-2(5H)-furanone, 2 Examples of concentrations of 2-methylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyrrole, indole
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm (excluding 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine), or 5 ppm (only 2,4-decadienal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol), and an upper limit of 10 ppm (only 2,4-decadienal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol).
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits, such as 5 ppm (only 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-enal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol), 5 ppm (excluding 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine), 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, and 2.5 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, isophorone, homofuraneol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethylphenol in the fish feed in question are, relative to the total mass of the fish feed in question, 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 50 ppm or less (however, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 25 ppm or less, and 4-ethylguaiacol is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 10 ppm or less), preferably in the range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following lower limits: 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm (excluding 4-ethylguaiacol), and 25 ppm (excluding 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), and any upper limit: 50 ppm (excluding 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), 25 ppm (excluding 4-ethylguaiacol), 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, and 25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 2-nonenal, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, heptanal, 2-hexenal, 2,4-heptadienal, 3-hexenol, 1-nonanol, ⁇ -pinene, limonene, 2-butanone, 2-pentadecanone, boboride, 2-aminoacetophenone, and skatole in the fish feed in question are 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 1 ppm or less (however, for limonene, 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 5 ppm or less), preferably in the range of 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) to 10 ppb (0.01 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed in question.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm (limonene only), or 2.5 ppm (limonene only) and the upper limit of 5 ppm (limonene only), 2.5 ppm (limonene only), 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, or 250 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • Examples of the concentration of 2,6-nonadienal in the fish feed in question include a range of 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 100 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm, relative to the total mass of the fish feed in question.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 10 ppb, 100 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, or 50 ppm, and the upper limit of 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, or 250 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 4-decenal, phenylacetaldehyde, 4,5-epoxydecenal, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione, ⁇ -nonalactone, ⁇ -decalactone, dihydroactinidiolide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methional in the fish feed in question include concentrations of 10 ppt (0.00001 ppm) or more and 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) or less, preferably 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) to 1 ppb (0.001 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed in question.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 10 ppt, 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, or 50 ppb and the upper limit of 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, 250 ppt, 100 ppt, 50 ppt, or 25 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 1,5-octadien-3-one in the fish feed in question include a range of 100 ppq (0.0000001 ppm) or more and 50 ppb (0.05 ppm) or less, preferably 1 ppt (0.000001 ppm) to 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed in question.
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 100 ppq, 250 ppq, 500 ppq, 1 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 5 ppt, 10 ppt, 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, or 25 ppb, and an upper limit of 50 ppb, 25 ppb, or
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits of 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, 250 ppt, 100 ppt, 50 ppt, 25 ppt, 10 ppt, 5 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 1 ppt, 500 ppq, or 250 ppq, but is not limited to these.
  • concentration of benzyl alcohol in the fish feed of the present invention include a range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) or more and 500 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppm to 10 ppm, relative to the total mass of the fish feed of the present invention.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following lower limit values: 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, or 250 ppm; and the upper limit value: 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, or 250 ppb.
  • Fish feed according to another embodiment of the present invention contains Composition B. That is, Fish Feed B contains, in addition to the Group A compounds, one or more compounds selected from the following Group B (Group B compounds) as active ingredients.
  • Group B Phenylacetic acid, octanoic acid, acetic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, benzaldehyde, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, isohexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, myristic acid, acetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 1-hexanol, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate
  • Fish Feed B in this case has a fish attracting effect, as shown in the examples below.
  • Fish Feed B in this case contains a combination of Group A compounds and Group B compounds, it has the advantage of being more attractive to fish than feed containing only Group A compounds.
  • the concentration of the Group B compound in Fish Feed B in question (if one compound is used, this refers to the concentration of that compound; if two or more compounds are used in combination, this refers to the concentration of each compound; the same applies below) can be determined freely depending on the type, shape, raw materials, etc. of Fish Feed B in question.
  • concentrations of Group B compounds (excluding phenylacetic acid) in Fish Feed B in this case include concentrations of 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 50 ppm or less (however, isovaleric acid is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 100 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of Fish Feed B in this case, and preferably in the range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following: a lower limit of 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, or 50 ppm (isovaleric acid only); and an upper limit of 100 ppm (isovaleric acid only), 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, or 25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentration of phenylacetic acid in the fish feed B in question examples include a range of 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) or more and 10 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) to 100 ppb (0.1 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed B in question.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, or 5 ppm, and the upper limit of 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, or 2.5 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • a method for improving the fish attractiveness of fish feed according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the step of adding one or more compounds selected from the following Group A (Group A compounds) to fish feed:
  • Group A 4-heptenal, 2-nonenal, 2,6-nonadienal, 2,4-decadienal, benzyl alcohol, 1-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, isophorone, homofuraneol, 1,5-octadien-3-one, cyclotene, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2-acetonitrile ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, para-cresol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, heptanal, 2-hexenal, octan
  • adding a Group A compound to fish feed can improve the attractiveness of the fish feed.
  • the concentration of the Group A compound in the fish feed can be determined as desired depending on the shape, properties, and/or flavor characteristics of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm (excluding 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine), or 5 ppm (only 2,4-decadienal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol), and an upper limit of 10 ppm (only 2,4-decadienal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol).
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits, such as 5 ppm (only 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-enal, octanal, furfuryl alcohol, and maltol), 5 ppm (excluding 2-acetyl-3-methylpyrazine), 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, and 2.5 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of amyl alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol, isophorone, homofuraneol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 3-ethylphenol, guaiacol, and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethylphenol added to fish feed include concentrations of 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 50 ppm or less (however, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 25 ppm or less, and 4-ethylguaiacol is 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 10 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of the fish feed, preferably in the range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following lower limits: 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm (excluding 4-ethylguaiacol), and 25 ppm (excluding 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), and any upper limit: 50 ppm (excluding 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol), 25 ppm (excluding 4-ethylguaiacol), 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, and 25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 2-nonenal, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, heptanal, 2-hexenal, 2,4-heptadienal, 3-hexenol, 1-nonanol, ⁇ -pinene, limonene, 2-butanone, 2-pentadecanone, boboride, 2-aminoacetophenone, and skatole to be added to fish feed include concentrations of 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 1 ppm or less (however, for limonene, 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 5 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of the fish feed, preferably in the range of 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) to 10 ppb (0.01 ppm).
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm (limonene only), or 2.5 ppm (limonene only) and the upper limit of 5 ppm (limonene only), 2.5 ppm (limonene only), 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, or 250 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 2,6-nonadienal to be added to fish feed include 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) or more and 100 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm, relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 10 ppb, 100 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, or 50 ppm, and the upper limit of 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, or 250 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 4-decenal, phenylacetaldehyde, 4,5-epoxydecenal, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione, ⁇ -nonalactone, ⁇ -decalactone, dihydroactinidiolide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methional to be added to fish feed include concentrations of 10 ppt (0.00001 ppm) or more and 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) or less, preferably 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm) to 1 ppb (0.001 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 10 ppt, 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, or 50 ppb and the upper limit of 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, 250 ppt, 100 ppt, 50 ppt, or 25 ppt, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of 1,5-octadien-3-one to be added to fish feed include a range of 100 ppq (0.0000001 ppm) or more and 50 ppb (0.05 ppm) or less, preferably 1 ppt (0.000001 ppm) to 100 ppt (0.0001 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range has a lower limit of 100 ppq, 250 ppq, 500 ppq, 1 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 5 ppt, 10 ppt, 25 ppt, 50 ppt, 100 ppt, 250 ppt, 500 ppt, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, or 25 ppb, and an upper limit of 50 ppb, 25 ppb, or
  • the range can be any combination of the lower and upper limits of 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 500 ppt, 250 ppt, 100 ppt, 50 ppt, 25 ppt, 10 ppt, 5 ppt, 2.5 ppt, 1 ppt, 500 ppq, or 250 ppq, but is not limited to these.
  • concentration of benzyl alcohol to be added to fish feed examples include 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) or more and 0.05% (500 ppm) or less, preferably in the range of 1 ppm to 10 ppm, relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, or 250 ppm, and the upper limit of 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, or 250 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • a method for improving the fish attractiveness of fish feed according to another embodiment of the present invention includes, in addition to the step of adding a Group A compound to the fish feed, a step of adding one or more compounds selected from the following Group B (Group B compounds) to the fish feed.
  • Group B Phenylacetic acid, octanoic acid, acetic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, benzaldehyde, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, isohexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, myristic acid, acetaldehyde, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, 1-hexanol, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate
  • adding a Group A compound and a Group B compound to fish feed can improve the attractiveness of the fish feed.
  • the second method for improving fish attractiveness involves adding a Group A compound and a Group B compound, which has the advantage of improving the attractiveness to fish compared to adding only a Group A compound.
  • concentrations of octanoic acid, acetic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, benzaldehyde, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid to be added to fish feed include concentrations of 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 50 ppm or less (with the exception of isovaleric acid, 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) or more and 100 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of the fish feed, preferably in the range of 100 ppb (0.1 ppm) to 1 ppm.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the following: a lower limit of 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, or 50 ppm (isovaleric acid only); and an upper limit of 100 ppm (isovaleric acid only), 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, or 25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of phenylacetic acid, isohexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate to be added to fish feed include concentrations of 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) or more and 10 ppm or less (however, heptanoic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate are 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) or more and 5 ppm or less) relative to the total mass of the fish feed, preferably in the range of 10 ppb (0.01 ppm) to 100 ppb (0.1 ppm).
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, 500 ppb, 1 ppm, 2.5 ppm, or 5 ppm (excluding heptanoic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate) and the upper limit of 10 ppm (excluding heptanoic acid, 3-methylbutanal, 1-hexanol, and ethyl acetate), 5 ppm, 2.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, or 2.5 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • concentrations of nonanoic acid, myristic acid, acetaldehyde, hexanal, and ethyl formate added to fish feed include concentrations of 0.1 ppb (0.0001 ppm) or more and 1 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppb (0.001 ppm) to 10 ppb (0.01 ppm), relative to the total mass of the fish feed.
  • the concentration range can be any combination of the lower limit of 0.1 ppb, 0.25 ppb, 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 5 ppb, 10 ppb, 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, 250 ppb, or 500 ppb and the upper limit of 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 250 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb, 25 ppb, 10 ppb, 5 ppb, 2.5 ppb, 1 ppb, 0.5 ppb, or 0.25 ppb, but is not limited to these.
  • the method for adding a Group A compound (or a Group B compound) to fish feed there are no particular limitations on the method for adding a Group A compound (or a Group B compound) to fish feed. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the time (timing) for adding a Group A compound (or a Group B compound) to fish feed. In other words, when both a Group A compound and a Group B compound are added to fish feed, the order of the step of adding a Group A compound to the fish feed and the step of adding a Group B compound to the fish feed does not matter, and the Group A compound and the Group B compound may be added to the fish feed simultaneously, essentially as a single step.
  • Example 1 Confirmation of Effect on Yellowtail (Perciformes)
  • the feed used in Example 1 was prepared using the raw materials shown in the following Table 1.
  • the raw material proportions in Table 1 are shown in mass %.
  • the feed without added flavorings (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "additive-free feed”) was prepared by mixing the raw materials shown in the "No Additive Group” in Table 1 in the proportions shown in Table 1, and then processing them into pellets using an extruder.
  • the feed with added flavorings (corresponding to the composition of the present invention described above; hereinafter sometimes referred to as "flavor-added feed”) was prepared by mixing the raw materials other than the flavor components shown in the "Flavor-Added Group” in Table 1 in the proportions shown in Table 1, processing them into pellets using an extruder, and then spraying the flavor components appropriately diluted with rapeseed oil (see Tables 2 to 16 below for specific components and dilution proportions) in the raw material proportions shown in Table 1.
  • Example 1 yearling yellowtail (artificial seedlings) were used as test fish. Twelve fish pens (1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m) were set up offshore, with 15 test fish housed in each pen. One of the 12 pens was used as an unsupplemented area, where the fish were fed with unsupplemented feed. The remaining 11 of the 12 pens were used as flavored areas, where the fish were fed with flavored feed (see Tables 2 to 74 below for specific ingredients and dilution ratios).
  • Both the untreated and flavored groups were fed satiation once a day, and feeding behavior and food intake were measured during feeding. Each feed was fed at least three times, and the palatability of the added flavoring ingredients was determined by comparing the results of feeding behavior observations and total food intake in the untreated and flavored groups. Feeding tests were not conducted during bad weather.
  • Example 1-2 Results of Combined Use of Group A Compound and Group B Compound
  • Tables 5 to 74 The results of combined use of Group A compound and Group B compound as aroma components under the same conditions as in Example 1-1 are shown in Tables 5 to 74 below. Note that the evaluation of palatability in Tables 5 to 74 below shows the results compared to when only the Group A compound in the table was added.
  • a compound that was judged to be more palatable than the Group A compound alone in the feeding behavior observation and that showed a significantly higher food intake than the Group A compound alone is represented by "+++”
  • a compound that showed a significantly higher food intake than the Group A compound alone is represented by "++”
  • a compound that was judged to be more palatable than the Group A compound alone in the feeding behavior observation is represented by "+”
  • a compound that showed no significant difference in food intake and feeding behavior observation compared to the Group A compound alone is represented by " ⁇ ”
  • a compound that showed a reduced palatability compared to the Group A compound alone in the food intake and feeding behavior observation is represented by "-”.
  • Example 2 Confirmation of Effect on Mackerel (Perciformes)
  • the test fish used in Example 2 were yearling chub mackerel (artificial seedlings). Twelve 1-ton Panlite tanks were set up on land, with 15 test fish housed in each tank. One of the 12 tanks was used as an unsupplemented group, where fish were fed with an additive-free feed. The remaining 11 of the 12 tanks were used as flavor-supplemented groups, where fish were fed with flavor-supplemented feed (see Tables 75 to 147 below for specific ingredients and dilution ratios).
  • Both the unsupplemented and flavored groups were fed satiation once a day, and feeding behavior and food intake during feeding were measured. Each feed was fed four times, and the palatability of the added flavoring ingredients was determined by comparing the results of feeding behavior observations and total food intake in the unsupplemented and flavored groups.
  • Example 1 In observing feeding behavior, as in Example 1, if one or more of the following were observed compared to when the fish were fed un-added feed: (1) an increase in the behavior of chasing and eating submerged food, (2) a decrease in spitting up food, or (3) faster swimming, it was determined that the flavored feed was palatable (the added flavor components had the effect of improving palatability).
  • Example 1 when feed intake was significantly higher in the flavored group compared to the unadded group, it was determined that the flavored feed was palatable (the added flavoring components had the effect of improving palatability).
  • Example 2-1 Results using Group A compounds The results of using Group A compounds as aroma components under the above conditions are shown in Tables 75 to 77. In Tables 75 to 77, the following are indicated: a compound that was judged to be more palatable than the untreated group in the feeding behavior observation and in which the food intake in the flavored group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group; a compound that was judged to be more palatable than the untreated group in the feeding behavior observation is indicated with "+++”; a compound that was judged to be more palatable than the untreated group in the feeding behavior observation is indicated with "++"; and a compound that was judged to be more palatable than the untreated group in the feeding behavior observation is indicated with "+”.
  • Example 2-2 Results of Combined Use of Group A Compound and Group B Compound
  • Tables 78 to 147 below Note that the evaluation of palatability in Tables 78 to 147 below shows the results compared to when only the Group A compound in the table was added.

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Abstract

Le problème décrit par la présente invention est de fournir une nouvelle composition pour attirer des poissons et un aliment pour poissons la contenant. La solution selon l'invention porte sur une composition pour attirer des poissons contenant un ou plusieurs composés choisis dans le groupe A. (groupe A) 4-hepténal, 2-nonénal, 2,6-nonadiénal, 2,4-décadiénal, alcool benzylique, 1-octanol, 2-éthylhexanol, alcool amylique, 1-octène-3-ol, éthyl maltol, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 1-octen-3-one, isophorone, homofuranéol, 1,5-octadiène-3-one, cyclotène, gamma-butyrolactone, 2-acétyl-3-méthylpyrazine, 2,6-diméthoxyphénol, 4-éthylgaïacol, paracrésol, 3-éthylphénol, gaïacol, 4-allyl-2,6-diméthoxyphénol, 3-mercapto-2-pentanone.
PCT/JP2025/002366 2024-01-30 2025-01-27 Composition pour attirer des poissons et aliment pour poissons Pending WO2025164558A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001309749A (ja) * 2000-05-02 2001-11-06 Kaiyo Kagaku Kk 魚類用飼料添加物
JP2001523634A (ja) * 1997-10-01 2001-11-27 キオテック リミテッド フェロモン組成物
JP5352235B2 (ja) * 2006-10-06 2013-11-27 株式会社カネカ 酸化型補酵素ｑ１０含有高吸収性経口用組成物

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001523634A (ja) * 1997-10-01 2001-11-27 キオテック リミテッド フェロモン組成物
JP2001309749A (ja) * 2000-05-02 2001-11-06 Kaiyo Kagaku Kk 魚類用飼料添加物
JP5352235B2 (ja) * 2006-10-06 2013-11-27 株式会社カネカ 酸化型補酵素ｑ１０含有高吸収性経口用組成物

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