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WO2025011405A9 - Ensemble antenne, dispositif de communication et véhicule - Google Patents

Ensemble antenne, dispositif de communication et véhicule

Info

Publication number
WO2025011405A9
WO2025011405A9 PCT/CN2024/103316 CN2024103316W WO2025011405A9 WO 2025011405 A9 WO2025011405 A9 WO 2025011405A9 CN 2024103316 W CN2024103316 W CN 2024103316W WO 2025011405 A9 WO2025011405 A9 WO 2025011405A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna
conductive bridge
branch
antenna assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/103316
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
WO2025011405A1 (fr
Inventor
张俊宏
姚云迪
陈品辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025011405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025011405A1/fr
Publication of WO2025011405A9 publication Critical patent/WO2025011405A9/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and specifically to an antenna assembly, communication equipment, and a vehicle.
  • antenna assemblies which transmit and receive signals.
  • antenna assemblies include multiple antenna branches to transmit and receive signals.
  • signals on adjacent antenna branches couple with each other, resulting in low isolation between adjacent antennas.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna assembly, a communication device, and a vehicle, which can improve the isolation between adjacent antennas and achieve decoupling of a first antenna and a second antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna assembly, comprising: a first radiator, a second radiator, and a conductive bridge; the second radiator is spaced apart from the first radiator, and a first feeding end and a second feeding end are spaced apart on the second radiator; the conductive bridge is disposed between the first radiator and the second radiator, the first end of the conductive bridge is coupled and connected to the first radiator, and the second end of the conductive bridge is coupled and connected to the second radiator; the antenna assembly comprises a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna comprises: a first feeding end, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator, the second antenna comprises a second feeding end, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator, and the operating frequency bands of the first antenna and the second antenna comprise the same frequency band.
  • the first antenna and the second antenna both operate in the same frequency band, and there is a high degree of isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • the first radiator includes a first radiating branch located on one side of the conductive bridge and a second radiating branch located on the other side of the conductive bridge, and the conductive bridge is coupled to the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch.
  • the first radiator further includes a connecting branch, and an end of the first radiating branch close to the second radiating branch and an end of the second radiating branch close to the first radiating branch are connected by the connecting branch. This arrangement can reduce the impedance between the conductive bridge and the first radiating branch, and between the conductive bridge and the second radiating branch.
  • an end of the first radiating branch close to the second radiating branch is spaced apart from an end of the second radiating branch close to the first radiating branch.
  • This arrangement can increase the impedance between the conductive bridge and the first radiating branch, and also increase the impedance between the conductive bridge and the second radiating branch, which is equivalent to increasing the length of the current flow path on the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch, thereby reducing the length of the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch along their extension direction, thereby achieving miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the distance between an end of the first radiating branch proximate to the second radiating branch and an end of the second radiating branch proximate to the first radiating branch is 0.05-0.25 times the length of the first radiator.
  • a first groove and/or a first protrusion are provided on the second radiator between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal.
  • the first groove can increase the impedance between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal, and the first protrusion can reduce the impedance between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal, thereby adjusting the impedance between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal.
  • the conductive bridge includes a first conductive bridge and a second conductive bridge spaced apart from each other, wherein the first end of the first conductive bridge and the first end of the second conductive bridge are both coupled to the second radiator, the second end of the first conductive bridge is coupled to an end of the first radiating branch proximal to the second radiating branch, and the second end of the second conductive bridge is coupled to an end of the second radiating branch proximal to the first radiating branch.
  • a first midpoint of the first radiator along its extension direction and a second midpoint of the second radiator along its extension direction are spaced apart in the extension direction of the first radiator, the second midpoint is located between the first feeding end and the second feeding end, and the distance between the first midpoint and the first feeding end is smaller than the distance between the second midpoint and the second feeding end.
  • the distance between the third midpoint of the connecting line of the first conductive bridge and the second conductive bridge and the first midpoint in the extension direction of the first radiator is less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • This arrangement allows the third midpoint to substantially coincide with the first midpoint in the extension direction of the first radiator, and the conductive bridge is offset relative to the second radiator along with the first radiator, such that the conductive bridge remains approximately in the middle of the first radiator. This arrangement can improve isolation in the first decoupling mode, thereby enhancing antenna performance.
  • the first conductive bridge and the second radiator are coupled via a first inductor structure, or the first conductive bridge and the first radiating branch are coupled via a first inductor structure.
  • the first inductor structure can increase the impedance between the first radiating branch and the second radiator, thereby increasing the electrical length of the first antenna and reducing the common-mode operating frequency.
  • a first groove may be provided on a second radiator between the first and second feed ends.
  • the second radiator between the first and second feed ends is a necessary path for differential-mode current to pass through in the first and second decoupling modes.
  • the first groove may increase the impedance between the first and second feed ends, thereby extending the differential-mode operating frequency.
  • the operating frequency band of the first antenna includes a first operating frequency band and a second operating frequency band
  • the operating frequency band of the second antenna includes a first operating frequency band and a second operating frequency band.
  • the first antenna is configured to generate a first resonance and a second resonance in the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band, respectively
  • the second antenna is configured to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance in the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band, respectively.
  • the current distribution corresponding to the first resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the first feeding end through part of the second radiator, the conductive bridge and the first radiating branch to the open end of the first radiating branch;
  • the current distribution corresponding to the third resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the second feeding end through part of the second radiator, the conductive bridge and the second radiating branch to the open end of the second radiating branch;
  • the current distribution corresponding to the second resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the first feeding end through the second radiator to the first open end of the second radiator;
  • the current distribution corresponding to the fourth resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the second feeding end through the second radiator to the second open end of the second radiator.
  • the operating frequency band of the first antenna and the operating frequency band of the second antenna further include a third operating frequency band, and the center frequency of the third operating frequency band is greater than the center frequency of the first operating frequency band and the center frequency of the second operating frequency band. This configuration can further increase the bandwidth covered by the antenna assembly.
  • the first antenna is used to generate a fifth resonance in the third working frequency band
  • the second antenna is used to generate a sixth resonance in the third working frequency band
  • the fifth resonance corresponds to a higher-order mode of the first resonance
  • the sixth resonance corresponds to a higher-order mode of the third resonance.
  • the center frequency of the second operating frequency band is greater than the center frequency of the first operating frequency band, and the frequency ratio of the center frequency of the second operating frequency band to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band is 1.68-2.8; or the center frequency of the second operating frequency band is less than the center frequency of the first operating frequency band, and the frequency ratio of the center frequency of the first operating frequency band to the center frequency of the second operating frequency band is 1.68-2.8.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a third decoupling mode
  • the ratio of the second operating frequency band to the third first operating frequency band can be 1.68-2.8, so that the second operating frequency band and the third operating frequency band are close to each other, thereby forming a broadband operating frequency band.
  • the first operating frequency band can be a 2.4 GHz band (such as 2.4 GHz-2.4835 GHz)
  • the second operating frequency band can be a 5 GHz band (such as 5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band can be a 6 GHz band (such as 5.925 GHz-7.125 GHz)
  • the antenna assembly can cover various frequency bands of WLAN, thereby improving the usage bandwidth and adaptability performance of the antenna assembly and communication equipment.
  • both the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch have preset positions, and the current at the preset positions is close to zero in the first working frequency band, and the current at the preset positions is close to the maximum value in the third working frequency band.
  • a second groove is provided at a predetermined position on each of the first and second radiating branches.
  • the second groove increases the impedance at the predetermined position, thereby shifting the third operating frequency band toward a lower frequency to cover the 6 GHz band. Because the current at the predetermined position in the first operating frequency band is near zero, the second groove does not affect the antenna assembly in the first operating frequency band.
  • the length of the conductive bridge along the extension direction of the first radiator is 0.05-0.25 times the length of the first radiator.
  • the length of the conductive bridge 30 may be 2.25 mm-11.25 mm (e.g., 2.25 mm, 7 mm, 11.25 mm, etc.).
  • a conductive bridge that is too short may easily result in an excessively high impedance of the conductive bridge, thereby causing the first, second, and third operating frequency bands to shift toward lower frequencies.
  • a conductive bridge that is too long may easily result in an excessively low impedance of the conductive bridge, thereby causing the first, second, and third operating frequency bands to shift toward higher frequencies.
  • the first operating frequency band can be the 2.4GHz band (such as 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz)
  • the second operating frequency band can be the 5GHz band (such as 5.15GHz-5.85GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band can be the 6GHz band (such as 5.925GHz-7.125GHz), so that the antenna assembly can cover various frequency bands of WLAN.
  • the second radiator includes a third radiating branch and a fourth radiating branch that are spaced apart, the first feed end is disposed on the third radiating branch, the second feed end is disposed on the fourth radiating branch, and the conductive bridge is coupled to both the third radiating branch and the fourth radiating branch.
  • the distance between the third radiating branch and the fourth radiating branch is 0.05-0.25 times (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, etc.) the length of the first radiator. This arrangement can improve the isolation in the 6 GHz frequency band while preventing the distance between the third radiating branch and the fourth radiating branch from being too large or too small.
  • the first feed end includes a first feed branch disposed on the second radiator
  • the second feed end includes a second feed branch disposed on the second radiator.
  • the first feed branch and the second feed branch extend away from the second radiator, thereby adjusting the length of the current path on the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • impedance matching between the first antenna and the second antenna can be achieved through the first feed branch and the second feed branch.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a second inductor structure and a third inductor structure, wherein one end of the second inductor structure is coupled to the first feed branch, and the other end of the second inductor structure is grounded; one end of the third inductor structure is coupled to the second feed branch, and the other end of the third inductor structure is grounded.
  • the second inductor structure facilitates grounding of the current in the first antenna, and by reasonably setting the inductance value of the second inductor structure, impedance matching of the first antenna can be achieved.
  • the third inductor structure facilitates grounding of the current in the second antenna, and by reasonably setting the inductance value of the third inductor structure, impedance matching of the second antenna can be achieved.
  • the first feeding end and the second feeding end are spaced apart along an extension direction of the second radiator, and the distance between the first feeding end and the second feeding end is 0.25-0.5 times the length of the second radiator.
  • the distance between the first feeding end and the second feeding end is approximately 1/3 of the length of the second radiator (the distance between the first feeding end and the second feeding end is 1/3 ⁇ 3 mm of the length of the second radiator).
  • the distance between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal can be 6 mm to 12 mm (e.g., 6 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, etc.). It is understood that by properly setting the distance between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal, as well as the length of the conductive bridge, the current length of the first antenna and the second antenna can be adjusted so that the first antenna and the second antenna can meet the requirements of each decoupling mode.
  • the width of the second radiator along the direction perpendicular to the extension is 1/3 to 3 times the width of the first radiator along the direction perpendicular to the extension, and the width of the second radiator along the direction perpendicular to the extension and the width of the first radiator along the direction perpendicular to the extension are both greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the length of the second radiator is less than that of the first radiator, and the ratio of the length of the second radiator to the length of the first radiator may be 0.46-0.66; or the length of the second radiator is greater than that of the first radiator, and the ratio of the length of the first radiator to the length of the second radiator may be 0.46-0.66.
  • Such an arrangement can make the second operating frequency band close to the third operating frequency band, thereby forming a broadband operating frequency band.
  • the antenna assembly further comprises a floor, and the first radiator and the second radiator are both spaced apart from the floor, and a clearance area may be formed between the floor and the first radiator.
  • the second radiator between the first feeding end and the second feeding end is coupled to ground. This configuration facilitates the grounding of currents in the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a grounding branch, one end of the grounding branch being coupled to the second radiator between the first feed terminal and the second feed terminal, and the other end of the grounding branch being coupled to ground. This arrangement simplifies the structure of the antenna assembly and facilitates fabrication of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a fourth inductor structure, through which the ground branch is coupled to ground.
  • the inductance value of the fourth inductor structure may be 1 nH to 5 nH (e.g., 1 nH, 3 nH, 5 nH, etc.).
  • the antenna assembly further includes a capacitor structure, and the second radiator between the first feed end and the second feed end is coupled to ground via the capacitor structure.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor structure may be 0.2pF-0.6pF (e.g., 0.2pF, 0.4pF, 0.6pF, etc.).
  • the capacitor structure includes a conductive block coupled to a ground; a capacitor slot is provided on the second radiator between the first feed end and the second feed end, the conductive block is disposed within the capacitor slot, and the conductive block is spaced from the bottom and walls of the capacitor slot.
  • This arrangement forms a capacitor structure between the conductive block and the sidewalls of the capacitor slot, eliminating the need for an additional capacitor structure and simplifying the structure of the antenna assembly. Furthermore, the capacitor block's location within the capacitor slot also improves the compactness of the antenna assembly.
  • the difference in length between portions of the first radiator on either side of the conductive bridge is less than or equal to 0.1 times the length of the first radiator; and along the extension direction of the second radiator, the difference in length between portions of the second radiator on either side of the conductive bridge is less than or equal to 0.1 times the length of the second radiator.
  • the difference between the distance between the first feeding terminal and the conductive bridge and the distance between the second feeding terminal and the conductive bridge is less than or equal to 0.1 times the length of the conductive bridge along the extension direction of the first radiator, so that the distances between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal and the conductive bridge are equal, thereby improving the symmetry of the antenna assembly.
  • the conductive bridge includes a first conductive bridge and a second conductive bridge spaced apart from each other, the first end of the first conductive bridge and the first end of the second conductive bridge both being coupled to the second radiator, the second end of the first conductive bridge being coupled to an end of the first radiating branch proximate to the second radiating branch, and the second end of the second conductive bridge being coupled to an end of the second radiating branch proximate to the first radiating branch; and the difference in length between the first conductive bridge and the second conductive bridge along the extension direction of the first radiator is less than 1 mm. This ensures that the dimensions of the first conductive bridge and the second conductive bridge are substantially equal, further improving the symmetry of the antenna assembly.
  • the first radiator includes a first radiating branch, a second radiating branch and a fifth radiating branch
  • the conductive bridge includes a first conductive bridge, a second conductive bridge and a third conductive bridge
  • the second radiator includes a third radiating branch, a fourth radiating branch and a sixth radiating branch
  • the first radiating branch, the third radiating branch and the first conductive bridge are located in a first plane, the first radiating branch is coupled to the third radiating branch through the first conductive bridge, and the third radiating branch is provided with a first feeding end
  • the second radiating branch, the fourth radiating branch and the second conductive bridge are located in a second plane, the second radiating branch is coupled to the fourth radiating branch through the second conductive bridge, and the fourth radiating branch is provided with a second feeding end
  • the third radiating branch, the sixth radiating branch and the third conductive bridge are located in a third plane, the third radiating branch is coupled to the sixth radiating branch through the third conductive bridge
  • the first antenna includes a first feeder, a third radiating branch, a first conductive bridge, and a first radiating branch;
  • the second antenna includes a second feeder, a fourth radiating branch, a second conductive bridge, and a second radiating branch;
  • the third antenna includes a third feeder, a fifth radiating branch, a third conductive bridge, and a sixth radiating branch. Any one of the first, second, and third antennas can be decoupled from the other two, thereby achieving self-decoupling of the antenna assembly.
  • the frequency bands can cover 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 4.59 GHz to 9.4 GHz.
  • This antenna assembly has a wide operating frequency band bandwidth while ensuring high isolation (ultra-wideband high-isolation MIMO antenna).
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna assembly, comprising: a conductive plate, a first radiator, a second radiator, and a conductive bridge;
  • the first radiator comprises a first slot arranged on the conductive plate;
  • the second radiator comprises a second slot arranged on the conductive plate, the second radiator is spaced apart from the first radiator, and a first feeding end and a second feeding end are spaced apart on the conductive plate corresponding to the second radiator;
  • the conductive bridge comprises a third slot arranged between the first radiator and the second radiator, and the third slot is connected to the first slot and the second slot;
  • the antenna assembly comprises a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna comprises: a first feeding end, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator, the second antenna comprises a second feeding end, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator, and the operating frequency bands of the first antenna and the second antenna comprise the same frequency band.
  • the first antenna and the second antenna both operate in the same frequency band, and there is a high degree of isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, comprising a housing and the antenna assembly as described above, wherein the housing is configured to form an installation cavity, and the antenna assembly is disposed in the installation cavity.
  • the communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the antenna assembly in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and the communication device as described above, wherein the communication device is arranged on the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the communication device in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.
  • FIG1 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a first diagram of current flow of an antenna assembly in a first decoupling mode according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG3 is a second diagram of current flow of the antenna assembly in a first decoupling mode according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna assembly and the transceiver provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5a is a second structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 b is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application, in which the length of the second radiator is greater than the length of the first radiator;
  • FIG6 is a first diagram of current flow of an antenna assembly in a second decoupling mode according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG7 is a second diagram of current flow of the antenna assembly in the second decoupling mode provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a first diagram showing the current flow of the antenna assembly in the third decoupling mode according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a second diagram showing the current flow of the antenna assembly in the third decoupling mode according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is an S-parameter graph of the antenna assembly shown in FIG1 ;
  • FIG11 is a graph showing S21 corresponding to different lengths of the second radiator
  • FIG12 is a graph showing S21 of the antenna assembly corresponding to different lengths of the conductive bridge
  • FIG13 is a third structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is an antenna matching diagram 1 of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is an S-parameter graph of the antenna assembly shown in FIG13;
  • FIG16 is a graph showing the antenna efficiency of the antenna assembly shown in FIG13 ;
  • FIG17 is a directional diagram of the antenna assembly in the first operating frequency band
  • FIG18 is a directional diagram of the antenna assembly in the second operating frequency band
  • FIG19 is a directional diagram of the antenna assembly in the third operating frequency band
  • FIG20 is a fourth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 is a second antenna matching diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG22 is an S-parameter graph of the antenna assembly shown in FIG20 ;
  • FIG23 is a graph showing an envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna assembly shown in FIG20 ;
  • FIG24 is a fifth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG25 is a sixth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG26 is a top view of the antenna assembly shown in FIG25;
  • FIG27 is a diagram showing the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the first feeding terminal in the first decoupling mode
  • FIG28 is a diagram showing the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the second feeding terminal in the first decoupling mode
  • FIG29 is a diagram showing the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the first feeding terminal in the second decoupling mode
  • FIG30 is a diagram showing the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the second feeding terminal in the second decoupling mode
  • FIG31 is a diagram showing the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the first feeding terminal in the third decoupling mode
  • FIG32 is a diagram showing the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the second feeding terminal in the fourth decoupling mode
  • FIG33 is a seventh structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG34 is an S-parameter graph of the antenna assembly shown in FIG33 ;
  • FIG35 is a structural diagram eight of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG36 is a ninth structural diagram of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG37 is a graph showing an S21 parameter curve corresponding to the antenna assembly shown in FIG36 ;
  • FIG38 is a structural schematic diagram 10 of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG39 is a third antenna matching diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG40 is a graph showing an S21 parameter curve corresponding to the antenna assembly shown in FIG38 ;
  • FIG41 is a structural schematic diagram 11 of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG42 is a graph of S-parameters corresponding to the antenna assembly shown in FIG41 ;
  • FIG43 is a structural diagram 12 of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG44 is a fourth antenna matching diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG45 is a graph of S-parameters corresponding to the antenna assembly shown in FIG43 ;
  • FIG46 is a thirteenth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG47 is a graph of S-parameters corresponding to the antenna assembly shown in FIG43 ;
  • FIG48 is an S-parameter graph of the antenna assembly before and after second grooves are provided at predetermined positions of the first radiating branch and the second radiating branch;
  • FIG49 is a schematic diagram showing the efficiency of the antenna assembly after the second groove is provided.
  • FIG50 is a structural schematic diagram fourteen of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG51 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the antenna assembly shown in FIG50 ;
  • FIG52 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly at 2.45 GHz when a ground branch is provided;
  • FIG53 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly at 5.1 GHz when a ground branch is set
  • FIG54 is a diagram showing the current distribution of the antenna assembly at 5.7 GHz when a ground branch is provided;
  • FIG55 is a diagram showing the current distribution of the antenna assembly at 7.1 GHz when a ground branch is provided;
  • FIG56 is a structural schematic diagram 15 of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG57 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the antenna assembly shown in FIG56;
  • FIG58 is a structural schematic diagram 16 of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG59 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the antenna assembly shown in FIG58;
  • FIG60 is a comparison diagram of S21 curves when the grounding branch is directly grounded, the grounding branch is grounded through the fourth inductor structure, and the grounding branch is grounded through the capacitor structure;
  • FIG61 is a structural schematic diagram seventeen of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG62 is a structural schematic diagram eighteen of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG63 is a schematic structural diagram of the first radiator and the second radiator in FIG62;
  • FIG64 is a fifth antenna matching diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG65 is a graph showing an S-parameter curve of the antenna assembly shown in FIG62;
  • FIG66 is a graph showing antenna efficiency of the antenna assembly shown in FIG62 ;
  • FIG67 is a nineteenth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG68 is a top view of the antenna assembly shown in FIG67;
  • FIG69 is a schematic structural diagram of the first antenna in FIG67.
  • FIG70 is a current distribution diagram when the antenna shown in FIG67 feeds a signal of the first operating frequency band into the first feeding terminal;
  • FIG71 is a current distribution diagram when the antenna shown in FIG67 feeds a signal of the second operating frequency band into the first feeding terminal;
  • FIG72 is a sixth antenna matching diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG73 is a graph showing an S-parameter curve of the antenna assembly shown in FIG67;
  • Figure 74 is a structural schematic diagram 20 of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • first,” “second,” etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as “first,” “second,” etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • directional terms such as “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “horizontal” and “vertical” are defined relative to the orientation of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, an electrical connection, a coupled connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • coupling can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling
  • coupled connection can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection”, which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling” can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless/non-contact manner.
  • indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitor through coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.
  • Lumped capacitance refers to a capacitive component, such as a capacitor element; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.
  • Lumped capacitance can include fixed capacitance and/or variable capacitance; distributed capacitance can include interdigital capacitance and/or other forms of distributed capacitance.
  • Lumped inductance refers to an inductive component, such as an inductor; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a certain length of conductive material, such as the equivalent inductance formed by the curling or rotation of the conductor.
  • Radiator is a device in the antenna used to receive/send electromagnetic wave radiation.
  • "antenna” is understood in a narrow sense as a radiator, which converts the guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves.
  • the modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and is converted by the radiator into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy and radiated in the desired direction.
  • the receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy and transmits it to the receiver input via the feeder line.
  • the radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet-like shape, etc.
  • the present application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a linear antenna.
  • the linear radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, and can also be called a frame antenna.
  • the linear radiator can be implemented by a bracket conductor, and can also be called a bracket antenna.
  • the linear radiator or the radiator of the linear antenna, has a wire diameter (for example, including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length can be comparable to the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, the length is about 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer).
  • the main forms of linear antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave oscillator antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna).
  • each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding portion from the feeding end of the radiating branch.
  • an inverted-F antenna can be regarded as a monopole antenna with a ground path added.
  • the IFA antenna has a feeding point and a grounding point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is an inverted-F shape.
  • the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna).
  • the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.).
  • the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc.
  • the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste, etc.
  • the shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, annular, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the floor.
  • the radiator may also include a slot or slot formed in a conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slot formed in a grounded conductor surface.
  • a slotted or slotted radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or slot antenna.
  • the radial dimension (e.g., including the width) of the slot or slot of the slot antenna/slot antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the length is approximately 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer).
  • a radiator with a closed slot or slot may be referred to as a closed slot antenna.
  • a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slot (e.g., a closed slot or slot with an additional opening) may be referred to as an open slot antenna.
  • the slot is elongated.
  • the slot is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength).
  • the slot is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one wavelength).
  • the slot can be fed with a transmission line spanning one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space.
  • the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a conductive frame with both ends grounded, also known as a frame antenna.
  • the slot antenna or slot antenna can be considered to include a linear radiator spaced from the floor and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-enclosed slot or slot.
  • the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, also known as a bracket antenna.
  • the feed circuit/feed structure is the combination of all antenna components used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency waves.
  • the feed circuit can be considered the portion of the antenna from the first amplifier to the front-end transmitter.
  • the feed circuit can be considered the section after the final power amplifier.
  • the term "feed circuit" is narrowly defined to include the RF chip, or the transmission path from the RF chip to the radiator or feed point on the transmission line.
  • the feed circuit has the function of converting radio waves into electrical signals and transmitting them to the receiver component. Generally, it is considered the part of the antenna responsible for converting radio waves into electrical signals and vice versa. Antenna design should consider maximum power transfer potential and efficiency.
  • the antenna feed impedance must be matched to the load resistor.
  • the antenna feed impedance is a combination of resistance, capacitance, and inductance.
  • the two impedances (load resistor and feed impedance) must be matched. This matching can be achieved by considering the frequency requirements and antenna design parameters such as gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency.
  • Ground/Floor This generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the above.
  • Ground/Floor can be used to ground components within the electronic device.
  • the "ground/floor” can include any one or more of the following: the grounding layer of the electronic device's circuit board, the grounding plate formed by the electronic device's midframe, or the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film below the screen, the conductive grounding layer of the battery, and conductive or metal components electrically connected to the above grounding layer/grounding plate/metal layer.
  • the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or a component separated and electrically isolated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymer.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and the ground layer electrically connected via vias.
  • components such as a display, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery, charging circuitry, and system-on-chip (SoC) structures may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board, or electrically connected to a trace layer and/or ground layer within the circuit board.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of a conductive material.
  • the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate.
  • the grounding layer/grounding plate/grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • Grounding refers to coupling to the ground/floor in any manner.
  • grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as physical grounding at a specific location on the frame using a portion of the midframe's structural components (or referred to as a physical ground).
  • grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through a series or parallel connection of a capacitor, inductor, or resistor (or referred to as a device ground).
  • the resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency.
  • the resonant frequency may have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the resonant frequency may be a frequency range in which the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency.
  • the return loss characteristic of the center frequency may be less than -20dB.
  • the antenna/radiator mentioned in this application produces a "first/second... resonance", where the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna/radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna/radiator.
  • the antenna/radiator may generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode may generate a corresponding fundamental mode resonance.
  • Resonant frequency band The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band.
  • the return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.
  • Communication frequency band/working frequency band Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (band width).
  • an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band has an operating frequency band that includes frequencies in the range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 frequency band.
  • the frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the antenna's operating frequency band.
  • the width of the operating frequency band is called the operating bandwidth.
  • the operating bandwidth of an omnidirectional antenna may reach 3-5% of the center frequency.
  • the operating bandwidth of a directional antenna may reach 5-10% of the center frequency.
  • the bandwidth can be considered as a frequency range on both sides of the center frequency (for example, the resonant frequency of a dipole), where the antenna characteristics are within the acceptable value range of the center frequency.
  • the resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same, or may partially overlap.
  • one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may overlap one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.
  • Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to the time required for the signal to travel the same distance as the physical length of the medium in free space.
  • the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • a is the propagation time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium
  • b is the propagation time in free space.
  • L is the physical length and ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the physical length of the radiator may be understood as being within ⁇ 20%, or within ⁇ 10%, or within ⁇ 5% of the electrical length of the radiator.
  • the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode (such as a half-wavelength mode) of an antenna may refer to the wavelength of a signal radiated by the antenna.
  • the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna may resonate in the 1.575 GHz frequency band, where the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode refers to the wavelength of a signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575 GHz frequency band.
  • Wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna.
  • the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using 1955MHz.
  • “Operating wavelength” is not limited to the center frequency; it can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.
  • the wavelength of the radiation signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Wherein, ⁇ is the relative dielectric constant of the medium.
  • the wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the dielectric wavelength, which can be the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna.
  • the wavelength can be the dielectric wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz.
  • dielectric wavelength can also refer to the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the working frequency band.
  • the dielectric wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.
  • an "end/point" in the first end/second end/feeding end/grounding end/feeding point/grounding point/connection point of an antenna radiator should not be narrowly understood as an end point or end portion that is physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or section on a continuous radiator.
  • an "end/point" may include a connection/coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to other conductive structures.
  • a feeding end/feeding point may be a coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to a feeding structure or feeding circuit (for example, an area facing a portion of the feeding circuit).
  • a grounding end/grounding point may be a connection/coupling area on an antenna radiator that is coupled to a grounding structure or grounding circuit.
  • Open end, closed end In some embodiments, the open end and the closed end/grounded end are, for example, relative to whether they are grounded. The closed end is grounded, and the open end is not grounded. In some embodiments, the open end and/or the closed end are, for example, relative to other conductors. The closed end is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open end is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open end can also be referred to as a floating end, a free end, an open end, or an open-circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end can also be referred to as a grounded end or a short-circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open end to transfer coupling energy (which can be understood as transferring current).
  • the "closed end" can also be understood from the perspective of current distribution.
  • the closed end or the grounded end can be understood as a point with larger current on the radiator, or as a point with smaller electric field on the radiator.
  • the current distribution characteristics of larger current/smaller electric field can be maintained by coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the closed end.
  • the current distribution characteristics of larger current/smaller electric field can be maintained by opening a gap at or near the closed end (for example, a gap filled with insulating material).
  • open end can also be viewed from the perspective of current distribution.
  • the open end or floating end can be understood as a point with low current on the radiator, or as a point with high electric field on the radiator.
  • coupling electronic devices for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.
  • through the open end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the low current point/high electric field point.
  • radiator end at a gap (from the perspective of the radiator structure, it is similar to the radiator at the opening of the open end or the suspended end) with electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) can make the radiator end a point with larger current/smaller electric field.
  • electronic devices for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.
  • the middle (position) of the conductor can be a conductor portion including the midpoint on the conductor, or a conductor portion of one-eighth of the wavelength including the midpoint of the conductor, wherein the wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band, or the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point.
  • the middle (position) of the conductor can be a conductor portion on the conductor that is less than a predetermined threshold (for example, 1 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm) from the midpoint.
  • the middle position of the slot or the middle position of one side of the slot refers to the middle position of one side of the slot.
  • coplanarity for example, axisymmetry, or center symmetry, etc.
  • parallelism for example, axisymmetry, or center symmetry, etc.
  • perpendicularity mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all based on the current technological level, rather than being absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense.
  • a deviation of a predetermined angle between two antenna units that are parallel or perpendicular to each other.
  • the predetermined threshold may be less than or equal to a threshold of 1 mm, for example, the predetermined threshold may be 0.5 mm, or may be 0.1 mm.
  • the predetermined angle may be an angle within the range of ⁇ 10°, for example, the predetermined angle deviation is ⁇ 5°.
  • the current unidirectional/reverse distribution, or unidirectional current/reverse current mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the conductor on the same side being unidirectional/reverse.
  • unidirectional distributed current is excited on a conductor that is bent or annular (for example, the current path is also bent or annular)
  • the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of the annular conductor is opposite in direction, but still falls within the definition of unidirectional distributed current in the present application.
  • the unidirectional current on a conductor may refer to the current on the conductor having no reversal point. In one embodiment, the reversal of current on a conductor may refer to the current on the conductor having at least one reversal point. In one embodiment, the unidirectional current on two conductors may refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in the same direction. In one embodiment, the reversal of current on two conductors may refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in opposite directions. The unidirectional/reversal of current on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.
  • the operating frequency band of the first antenna and the operating frequency band of the second antenna include the same communication frequency band.
  • the first antenna and the second antenna both serve as subunits in a MIMO antenna system.
  • the operating frequency band of the first antenna and the operating frequency band of the second antenna both include the sub6GHz band of 5G.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first antenna and the second antenna partially overlap.
  • the operating frequency band of the first antenna includes LTE B35 (1.85-1.91 GHz)
  • the operating frequency band of the second antenna includes LTE B39 (1.88-1.92 GHz).
  • Antenna return loss This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port by the antenna circuit to the antenna port's transmitted power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.
  • Antenna return loss can be expressed using the S11 parameter, a type of S parameter.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient and can characterize the antenna's transmission efficiency.
  • the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram for representing the resonance generated by the antenna.
  • the portion of the resonance shown in the S11 diagram that is less than -6dB can be understood as the resonant frequency/frequency range/operating frequency band generated by the antenna.
  • the S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss and the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna and the higher the antenna system efficiency. The larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the antenna system efficiency.
  • an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as a standard.
  • the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.
  • Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna to the signal from the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of antenna mutual coupling. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas is the S21 and S12 parameters between the antennas. Antenna isolation can be represented by the S21 and S12 parameters, which are also a type of S parameter. The S21 and S12 parameters are usually negative numbers. Smaller S21 and S12 parameters indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between antennas. Larger S21 and S12 parameters indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling between antennas. Antenna isolation depends on the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain.
  • the Envelope Correlation Coefficient indicates how independent the radiation patterns of two antennas are. If one antenna is completely horizontally polarized and the other is completely vertically polarized, the correlation between the two antennas is essentially zero. Similarly, if one antenna radiates energy only to the sky and the other only to the ground, the ECC of these antennas is also essentially zero. Therefore, the envelope correlation coefficient takes into account the shape of the antenna's radiation pattern, polarization, and even the relative phase of the field between the two antennas. ECC generally characterizes the relationship between the two antennas. For a MIMO antenna system, multiple sets of ECC can be used to characterize the independence between the antennas. For example, a MIMO antenna with an ECC below 0.5 can work "relatively well".
  • Ground state corresponds to a section of radiator, or the lowest frequency resonance generated by a radiator in a certain antenna mode.
  • ground state position or “ground state resonant frequency” refers to the frequency range or resonant frequency corresponding to the ground state of the radiator in a specific antenna mode (for example, the lowest frequency resonance generated).
  • Ground state can also be called “fundamental mode”.
  • Corresponding to the "ground state” are “higher order” or “higher-order mode/higher-order mode”, or can also be called “frequency doubling” (for example, triple frequency, quintuplicate frequency).
  • the "resonance” in the embodiments of the present application refers to the resonance in the ground state, or the resonance generated by the fundamental mode.
  • higher-order mode corresponding to the first resonance should be understood as at least one higher-order mode generated by the antenna mode corresponding to the first resonance.
  • the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to electronic devices that adopt one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies.
  • the communication devices in the embodiments of the present application may be telematics boxes (T-BOXs), routers, mobile phones, tablet computers, customer premises equipment (CPE), smart bracelets, smart watches, smart helmets, smart glasses, etc.
  • the communication device can also be a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, an electronic device in a 5G network, or an electronic device in a future-evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna assembly that can be used on a communication device to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communication device may include a housing that defines a mounting cavity, and the antenna assembly may be disposed within the housing, with the housing securing and sealing the antenna assembly.
  • the telematics processor is disposed on a vehicle.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body, which encloses a driver's cab and a passenger cabin, and the telematics processor may be disposed in the driver's cab; alternatively, a rear window may be provided on the vehicle body at the rear of the passenger cabin, and a rear spoiler may be provided on the upper portion of the rear window, and the telematics processor may also be disposed on the rear spoiler.
  • the rear spoiler is located outside the vehicle body.
  • the telematics processor is disposed on the rear spoiler, which can avoid signal obstruction by the metal vehicle body, thereby improving communication quality.
  • the vehicle also includes an on-board host, which is electrically connected to the telematics processor.
  • the on-board host can communicate with user terminals, satellites, communication base stations and other devices through the telematics processor.
  • the on-board host can also locate and navigate the vehicle through the telematics processor.
  • the antenna assembly in the embodiment of the present application includes a first radiator 10 and a second radiator 20, which are spaced apart from each other and are conductive.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be made of metals such as stainless steel, copper, and aluminum.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can also be made of other non-metallic conductive materials.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the materials of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20, as long as the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 are conductive. It is understood that the materials of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be the same or different.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the shapes of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be regular shapes such as plates, columns, or strips.
  • the following description will use the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 as an example in which both the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 are plate-shaped.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can also be other irregular shapes, and the shapes of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be the same or different.
  • the plate-shaped embodiment of the present application can be a sheet whose thickness is less than both its width and length.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be located in the same plane, or alternatively, in different planes.
  • the first radiator 10 extends in the same direction as the second radiator 20 (both the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 extend in the horizontal direction in FIG. 1 ); a gap is provided between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction (the vertical direction in FIG. 1 ), so that the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 are spaced apart.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a conductive bridge 30 disposed between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • a first end of the conductive bridge 30, proximate to the first radiator 10, is coupled to the first radiator 10, while a second end of the conductive bridge 30, proximate to the second radiator 20, is coupled to the second radiator 20.
  • the conductive bridge 30 enables connection between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the conductive bridge 30 can be made of the same material as the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the conductive bridge 30 can also be made of a different material than the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20. This embodiment of the present application does not limit the material of the conductive bridge 30.
  • the second radiator 20 is provided with a first feeding end 204 and a second feeding end 205 spaced apart.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 can be provided on a side of the second radiator 20 facing away from the first radiator 10.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 can also be provided on a side of the second radiator 20 closer to the first radiator 10, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 can be spaced apart and arranged substantially along the extension direction of the second radiator 20.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 are used to receive feed signals.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 can be electrically connected to a transceiver, and the transceiver can transmit signals to the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 through the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205.
  • the transceiver can also receive signals from the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 through the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 to realize signal sending and receiving.
  • first feed end 204 and the second feed end 205 can receive signals from different feed sources (such as transceivers), and the first feed end 204 and the second feed end 205 correspond to different RF channels.
  • first feed end 204 and the second feed end 205 can be coupled to different matching circuits.
  • the first radiator 10 has a first open end and a second open end, which may be disposed opposite each other.
  • the conductive bridge 30 is coupled to the first radiator 10 between the first open end and the second open end.
  • the second radiator 20 also has a first open end and a second open end, which may be disposed opposite each other.
  • the conductive bridge 30 is coupled to the second radiator 20 between the first open end and the second open end.
  • the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 may be located between the first open end and the second open end of the second radiator 20.
  • the conductive bridge 30 realizes an electrical connection between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the antenna assembly includes a first antenna 100 and a second antenna 200.
  • the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding terminal 204, a first radiator 10, a conductive bridge 30, and a second radiator 20.
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding terminal 205, a first radiator 10, a conductive bridge 30, and a second radiator 20.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 may also include the same frequency band. That is, the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 overlap. In one embodiment, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly can be expanded.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can also simultaneously transmit or receive signals carrying different information (i.e., the antenna assembly is a multiple-input multiple-output system (MIMO antenna)), thereby improving channel capacity.
  • MIMO antenna multiple-input multiple-output system
  • first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can operate simultaneously or independently. That is, signals can be fed to the first feed terminal 204 and the second feed terminal 205 simultaneously, or signals can be fed to either the first feed terminal 204 or the second feed terminal 205.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously stimulate differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current can achieve decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200. This decoupling mode utilizes the mode cancel method (MCM).
  • MCM mode cancel method
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the differential-mode current and the common-mode current have the same direction at the first feeding terminal 204 and are retained after superposition.
  • the differential-mode current and the common-mode current have opposite directions and are approximately equal in magnitude at the second feeding terminal 205.
  • the current at the second feeding terminal 205 is zero or near zero, thereby eliminating or reducing interference between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, improving isolation between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, and achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the differential-mode current and the common-mode current have the same direction at the second feeding terminal 205 and are retained after superposition.
  • the differential-mode current and the common-mode current have opposite directions and are approximately equal in magnitude at the first feeding terminal 204.
  • the current at the first feeding terminal 204 is zero or near zero, thereby eliminating or reducing interference between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, improving isolation between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, and achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current
  • decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can be achieved through the superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current, that is, self-decoupling of the antenna assembly; therefore, when the first antenna 100 works alone, it will not be interfered with by the second antenna 200; when the second antenna 200 works alone, it will not be interfered with by the first antenna 100; when the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 work simultaneously, the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 will not interfere with each other.
  • a communication device may include a transceiver 110, a first switch device 120, a second switch device 130, a third switch device 140, a fourth switch device 150, a first combiner 160, and a second combiner 170.
  • the transceiver 110 may include a first transceiver port 111, a second transceiver port 112, a third transceiver port 113, and a fourth transceiver port 114.
  • the first transceiver port 111 is connected to the first combiner 160 via the first switch device 120
  • the second switch device 130 is connected to the first combiner 160 via the second switch device 130
  • the first combiner 160 is connected to the first feeding terminal 204.
  • the signal frequencies corresponding to the first transceiver port 111 and the second transceiver port 112 may be different.
  • the first transceiver port 111 may receive and transmit signals in a first operating frequency band
  • the second transceiver port 112 may receive and transmit signals in a second operating frequency band, where the second operating frequency band is higher than the first operating frequency band.
  • the first switch device 120, the second switch device 130 and the first combiner 160 the first transceiver port 111 and the second transceiver port 112 can transmit signals to the first feeding end 204 at the same time or at different times, or the first transceiver port 111 and the second transceiver port 112 can receive signals from the first feeding end 204 at the same time or at different times.
  • the signal frequencies corresponding to the third transceiver port 113 and the fourth transceiver port 114 can be different.
  • the third transceiver port 113 can receive and transmit signals in the first operating frequency band
  • the fourth transceiver port 114 can receive and transmit signals in the second operating frequency band.
  • the third switch device 140, the fourth switch device 150, and the second combiner 170 the third transceiver port 113 and the fourth transceiver port 114 can transmit signals to the second feeder 205 at the same time or at different times, or the third transceiver port 113 and the fourth transceiver port 114 can receive signals from the second feeder 205 at the same time or at different times.
  • the first feeder 204 and the second feeder 205 can also receive feed signals at the same time or at different times, or the first feeder 204 and the second feeder 205 can send signals to the corresponding combiner at the same time or at different times.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the isolation of the antenna assembly and also improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 can both be parts of the second radiator 20, and accordingly, the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 corresponding to the parts of the second radiator 20 are arranged at intervals; of course, the first feeding end 204 can also include a first protrusion arranged on the second radiator 20, and the second feeding end 205 includes a second protrusion arranged on the second radiator 20, and the first protrusion and the second protrusion are arranged at intervals.
  • the first feeding end 204 includes a first feeding branch 2041 disposed on the second radiator 20, and the second feeding end 205 includes a second feeding branch 2051 disposed on the second radiator 20.
  • the first feeding branch 2041 and the second feeding branch 2051 extend away from the second radiator 20, thereby adjusting the current path length on the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • impedance matching between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can be achieved through the first feeding branch 2041 and the second feeding branch 2051.
  • the impedance of the first feeding branch node 2041 can be adjusted to achieve impedance matching of the first antenna 100; similarly, by reasonably setting the extension length of the second feeding branch node 2051 and/or the width of the second feeding branch node 2051 along the direction perpendicular to the extension, the impedance of the second feeding branch node 2051 can be adjusted to achieve impedance matching of the second antenna 200.
  • the antenna assembly may further include a second inductor structure, one end of which is coupled to the first feed branch 2041, and the other end of which is grounded.
  • the second inductor structure facilitates grounding of the current in the first antenna 100, and by properly setting the inductance value of the second inductor structure, impedance matching of the first antenna 100 can be achieved.
  • the antenna assembly may further include a third inductor structure, one end of which is coupled to the second feed branch 2051, and the other end of which is grounded.
  • the third inductor structure facilitates grounding of the current in the second antenna 200, and by properly setting the inductance value of the third inductor structure, impedance matching of the second antenna 200 can be achieved.
  • the communication device may include a floor, and the other end of the second inductor structure may be coupled to the floor to achieve grounding of the second inductor structure.
  • the other end of the third inductor structure may also be coupled to the floor to achieve grounding of the third inductor structure.
  • the floor may be disposed on a PCB of the communication device, or alternatively, may be another grounded and conductive surface.
  • the second inductor structure and the third inductor structure may include inductors.
  • the second inductor structure and the third inductor structure may also include structures with a certain impedance, such as a conductor of a certain length.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the second inductor structure and the third inductor structure. It is understood that the second inductor structure and the third inductor structure may be disposed on a PCB board. Of course, the second inductor structure and the third inductor structure may also be disposed off the PCB board. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the location of the second inductor structure and the third inductor structure.
  • a first radiator 10 and a second radiator 20 are arranged at intervals, a first feeding terminal 204 and a second feeding terminal 205 are arranged at intervals on the second radiator 20, and a conductive bridge 30 is arranged between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20, one end of the conductive bridge 30 is coupled and connected to the first radiator 10, and the other end of the conductive bridge 30 is coupled and connected to the second radiator 20; so that the antenna assembly includes a first antenna 100 and a second antenna 200, the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 include the same frequency band, the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding terminal 204, a first radiator 10, a conductive bridge 30, and a second radiator 20, and the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding terminal 205, a first radiator 10, a conductive bridge 30, and a second radiator 20.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 both operate in the same frequency band, and there is a high degree of isolation between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 share the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20, which can reduce the space occupied by the antenna assembly (e.g., by approximately 50%), thereby facilitating miniaturization of the antenna assembly. Since the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 share the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20, the production cost of the antenna assembly can also be reduced (e.g., by approximately 50%).
  • the antenna assembly can have multiple decoupling modes, each corresponding to a different operating frequency band, allowing the antenna assembly to operate in different operating frequency bands, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly.
  • a decoupling mode refers to the operating mode of the antenna assembly. For example, when the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 operate in the same frequency band, the first antenna 100 resonates in that frequency band, and the second antenna 200 resonates in that frequency band. The respective antenna modes of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, respectively, resonating in the same frequency band, are decoupled, resulting in high isolation. The resonant frequencies of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 are within the operating frequency band.
  • the antenna assembly includes a first decoupling mode and a second decoupling mode.
  • the antenna assembly's operating frequency band includes a first operating frequency band and a second operating frequency band
  • the first decoupling mode corresponds to the first operating frequency band
  • the second decoupling mode corresponds to the second operating frequency band.
  • the first operating frequency band is different from the second operating frequency band.
  • the center frequency f1 of the first operating frequency band is less than the center frequency f2 of the second operating frequency band.
  • the center frequency f1 of the first operating frequency band is greater than the center frequency f2 of the second operating frequency band.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a third decoupling mode. Accordingly, the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 further include a third operating frequency band, and the center frequency of the third operating frequency band is greater than the center frequency f1 of the first operating frequency band and the center frequency of the second operating frequency band. This configuration can further increase the bandwidth covered by the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly can be used for wireless network communication (Wi-Fi). Accordingly, a wireless local area network (WLAN) can be established through the antenna assembly to achieve wireless communication between the communication device and other devices.
  • Wi-Fi wireless network communication
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the first operating frequency band can be a 2.4 GHz frequency band (such as 2.4 GHz-2.4835 GHz), the second operating frequency band can be a 5 GHz frequency band (such as 5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz), and the third operating frequency band can be a 6 GHz frequency band (such as 5.925 GHz-7.125 GHz), so that the antenna assembly can cover all frequency bands of the WLAN, thereby improving the bandwidth and adaptability of the antenna assembly and the communication device.
  • 2.4 GHz frequency band such as 2.4 GHz-2.4835 GHz
  • the second operating frequency band can be a 5 GHz frequency band (such as 5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band can be a 6 GHz frequency band (such as 5.925 GHz-7.125 GHz)
  • the ratio between the second working frequency band and the first working frequency band can be 1.68-2.8 (such as 1.68, 2, 2.5, 2.8, etc.), which can make the second working frequency band and the third working frequency band close to each other, thereby forming a broadband working frequency band.
  • the ratio between the second working frequency band and the first working frequency band can be 1.68-2.8” can be understood as: in one embodiment, the center frequency of the second working frequency band is greater than the center frequency of the first working frequency band, and the frequency ratio of the center frequency of the second working frequency band to the center frequency of the first working frequency band is 1.68-2.8 (such as 1.68, 2, 2.5, 2.8, etc.); or, in one embodiment, the center frequency of the second working frequency band is less than the center frequency of the first working frequency band, and the frequency ratio of the center frequency of the first working frequency band to the center frequency of the second working frequency band is 1.68-2.8 (such as 1.68, 2, 2.5, 2.8, etc.).
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the length relationship between the first radiator and the second radiator.
  • the length of the first radiator 10 can be greater than the length of the second radiator 20.
  • the length of the first radiator 10 can be less than the length of the second radiator 20.
  • the lengths of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be appropriately set based on the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly.
  • the structures of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 can be various, which will be described below in multiple scenarios:
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 may both be plate-shaped, the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 are located in the same plane, and the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 have the same extension direction, that is, the long sides of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 are arranged in parallel.
  • Figure 10 is an S-parameter curve of the antenna assembly, where curve S11 is the reflection coefficient curve, S21 is the transmission coefficient curve, and S12 and S22 are the scattering coefficient curves. It can be seen from curve S12 that the S parameter between point 1 and point 2 is less than or equal to -16dB, the S parameter between point 3 and point 4 is less than or equal to -15dB, and the S parameter between point 5 and point 6 is less than or equal to -13.5dB.
  • the first operating frequency band is the 2.4GHz band (such as the center frequency of 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz)
  • the second operating frequency band is the 5GHz band (such as the center frequency of 5.15GHz-5.85GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band is the 6GHz band (such as the center frequency of 5.925GHz-7.125GHz). It can be seen that the operating frequency bands of the antenna assembly cover all frequency bands of WLAN.
  • the 2.4 GHz frequency band may refer to a frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz.
  • the 5 GHz frequency band may refer to a frequency band of 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz.
  • the 6 GHz frequency band may refer to a frequency band of 5.925 GHz to 7.125 GHz.
  • the length L1 (dimension along the extension direction) of the first radiator 10 can be greater than the length L2 (dimension along the extension direction) of the second radiator 20, and the ratio of the length L2 of the second radiator 20 to the length L1 of the first radiator 10 can be 0.46-0.66 (e.g., 0.46, 0.5, 0.66, etc.); in some implementations, the length L1 (dimension along the extension direction) of the first radiator 10 can be less than the length L2 (dimension along the extension direction) of the second radiator 20, and the ratio of the length L1 of the first radiator 10 to the length L2 of the second radiator 20 can be 0.46-0.66 (e.g., 0.46, 0.5, 0.66, etc.).
  • the length L1 of the first radiator 10 can be 40 mm to 50 mm (e.g., 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, etc.), and the length L2 of the second radiator 20 can be 18 mm to 30 mm (e.g., 18 mm, 24 mm, 30 mm, etc.).
  • the length L1 of the first radiator 10 is 45 mm, it is 0.36 times the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of 2.4 GHz (125 mm), and its length is less than half the length of the wavelength. This makes the length L1 of the first radiator 10 shorter, reduces the space occupied by the antenna assembly, and facilitates the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • Figure 11 is an S21 curve corresponding to different lengths of the second radiator 20 when the length of the first radiator 10 is 45 mm. It can be seen from Figure 11 that when the length of the second radiator 20 is 24 mm, the second working frequency band and the third working frequency band are closest, thereby forming a broadband working frequency band.
  • the length of the first radiator 10 may be less than or equal to the length of the second radiator 20. This scenario does not impose any restrictions on the length relationship between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20, as long as the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 are of sufficient length to meet the current distribution requirements on the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the width D2 (the dimension perpendicular to the extension direction) of the second radiator 20 is 1/3 to 3 times the width D1 (the dimension perpendicular to the extension direction) of the first radiator 10.
  • the width D2 of the second radiator 20 is 0.5 to 2 times the width D1 of the first radiator 10.
  • the width D1 of the first radiator 10 may be 2 mm to 5 mm (e.g., 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, etc.)
  • the width D2 of the second radiator 20 may be 3 mm to 8 mm (e.g., 3 mm, 5.5 mm, 8 mm, etc.).
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 must have a certain width to prevent the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 from having excessive impedance.
  • the width D1 of the first radiator 10 and the width D2 of the second radiator 20 must be greater than or equal to 1 mm. This configuration can reduce the width of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 while preventing excessive impedance, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna assembly and facilitating miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the length L3 of the conductive bridge 30 along the extension direction of the second radiator 20 is 0.05-0.25 times the length L1 of the first radiator 10.
  • the length L3 of the conductive bridge 30 can be 2.25 mm-11.25 mm (e.g., 2.25 mm, 7 mm, 11.25 mm, etc.).
  • the length L3 of the conductive bridge 30 along the extension direction of the second radiator 20 is the sum of the length of the first conductive bridge 301 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10, the length of the second conductive bridge 302 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10, and the distance between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302.
  • FIG12 shows a graph of the S21 of the antenna assembly corresponding to different lengths of the conductive bridge 30.
  • FIG12 shows that if the length of the conductive bridge 30 is too small, the impedance of the conductive bridge 30 is too large, thereby causing the first, second, and third operating frequency bands to shift toward low frequencies. If the length of the conductive bridge 30 is too large, the impedance of the conductive bridge 30 is too small, thereby causing the first, second, and third operating frequency bands to shift toward high frequencies.
  • the first operating frequency band can be set to the 2.4 GHz band (e.g., the frequency band 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz)
  • the second operating frequency band can be set to the 5 GHz band (e.g., the frequency band 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band can be set to the 6 GHz band (e.g., the frequency band 5.925 GHz to 7.125 GHz), thereby enabling the antenna assembly to cover all WLAN frequency bands.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the second radiator 20, and the distance L4 between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 is approximately 0.25-0.5 times the length L2 of the second radiator 20.
  • the distance L4 between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 is approximately 1/3 of the length L2 of the second radiator 20 (the distance L4 between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 is 1/3 ⁇ 3 mm of the length of the second radiator 20).
  • the distance L4 between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 can be 6 mm to 12 mm (e.g., 6 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, etc.). It will be appreciated that by properly setting the distance between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205, as well as the length of the conductive bridge 30, the current length of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can be adjusted so that the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can meet the requirements of each decoupling mode.
  • the conductive bridge 30 is located in the middle of the first radiator 10 along its extension direction. Simultaneously, the conductive bridge 30 is also located in the middle of the second radiator 20 along its extension direction. That is, the conductive bridge 30, the first radiator 10, and the second radiator 20 are all axisymmetric structures, with the axis of symmetry (the thin dotted line in FIG1 ) being a straight line perpendicular to the extension direction of the first radiator 10.
  • the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 are equidistant from the axis of symmetry.
  • the first feeding terminal 204 is located on one side (the right side) of the axis of symmetry, while the second feeding terminal 205 is located on the other side (the left side) of the axis of symmetry.
  • the projection of the conductive bridge 30 on the second radiator 20 can be located between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205.
  • the difference in length between portions of the first radiator 10 on either side of the conductive bridge 30 is less than or equal to 0.1 times the length of the first radiator 10; and along the extension direction of the second radiator 20, the difference in length between portions of the second radiator 20 on either side of the conductive bridge 30 is less than or equal to 0.1 times the length of the second radiator 20.
  • This arrangement results in an axisymmetric structure of the antenna assembly about the axis of symmetry, thereby ensuring that the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 have the same structure and dimensions.
  • the difference between the distance between the first feeding terminal 204 and the conductive bridge 30 and the distance between the second feeding terminal 205 and the conductive bridge 30 is less than or equal to 0.1 times the length of the conductive bridge 30 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10. This ensures that the distances between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 and the conductive bridge 30 are equal, thereby improving the symmetry of the antenna assembly. It will be understood that the distance between the first feeding terminal 204 and the conductive bridge 30 is the shortest distance between the first feeding terminal 204 and the conductive bridge 30; similarly, the distance between the second feeding terminal 205 and the conductive bridge 30 is the shortest distance between the second feeding terminal 205 and the conductive bridge 30.
  • the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301 and a second conductive bridge 302 that are spaced apart
  • the difference in length between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10 is less than 1 mm, so that the sizes of the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 are roughly equal, further improving the symmetry of the antenna assembly.
  • the first feeding branch 2041 and the second feeding branch 2051 can be arranged on a side of the second radiator 20 away from the first radiator 10, and the length L5 of the first feeding branch 2041 and the second feeding branch 2051 along a direction parallel to the extension of the second radiator 20 can be 0.5 mm to 3 mm (e.g., 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, etc.).
  • Reasonable setting of the length and width (dimensions along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the second radiating branch 102) of the first feeding branch 2041 and the second feeding branch 2051 can facilitate impedance matching of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 while adjusting the electrical length of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first radiator 10 may include a first radiating branch 101 located on one side of the conductive bridge 30, and a second radiating branch 102 located on the other side of the conductive bridge 30.
  • the conductive bridge 30 is coupled to the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102.
  • the first radiating branch 101 may be disposed near the first feeding terminal 204, and the second radiating branch 102 may be disposed near the second feeding terminal 205.
  • the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding terminal 204 , a second radiator 20 , a conductive bridge 30 and a first radiating branch 101
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding terminal 205 , a second radiator 20 , a conductive bridge 30 and a second radiating branch 102 .
  • one side of the conductive bridge 30 may be the right side of the center line (the thin dotted line in FIG1 ) of the conductive bridge 30 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10, and correspondingly, the other side of the conductive bridge 30 is the left side of the center line of the conductive bridge 30.
  • the first radiating branch 101 is the portion of the first radiator 10 to the right of the center line
  • the second radiator 20 is the portion of the first radiator 10 to the left of the center line.
  • the end of the first radiating branch 101 close to the second radiating branch 102 is connected to the end of the second radiating branch 102 close to the first radiating branch 101.
  • the first radiator 10 further includes a connecting branch, which is arranged between the end of the first radiating branch 101 close to the second radiating branch 102 and the end of the second radiating branch 102 close to the first radiating branch 101.
  • the connecting branch connects the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102.
  • the connecting branch, the first radiating branch 101, and the second radiating branch 102 can be an integral structure to simplify the manufacturing difficulty of the antenna assembly.
  • the integral structure can be understood as a structure implemented in the same process.
  • the connecting branch, the first radiating branch 101, and the second radiating branch 102 are an integral structure, the connecting branch can be regarded as a portion of the first radiator 10 near the above-mentioned center line (the thin dotted line in Figure 1).
  • the portion of the first radiator 10 that overlaps (can also be understood as connected) with the conductive bridge can be regarded as a connecting branch; the portion of the first radiator to the right of the connecting branch is the first radiating branch 101; and the portion of the first radiator to the left of the connecting branch is the second radiating branch 102.
  • the part of the first radiator 10 that does not coincide with the conductive bridge at the center line can be regarded as a connecting branch; the part of the first radiator on the right side of the connecting branch is the first radiating branch 101; the part of the first radiator on the left side of the connecting branch is the second radiating branch 102.
  • any two or more of the connecting branch, the first radiating branch 101, the second radiating branch 102, the conductive bridge 30, the second radiator 20, the first feeding terminal 204, and the second feeding terminal 205 may be integral structures.
  • the present application uses rectangles to simply illustrate the division of the above-mentioned parts. It should be understood that this rectangular division should not be regarded as a clear connection between the two parts.
  • the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301 and a second conductive bridge 302 spaced apart from each other.
  • the first end of the first conductive bridge 301 and the first end of the second conductive bridge 302 are both coupled to the second radiator 20.
  • the second end of the first conductive bridge 301 is coupled to an end of the first radiating branch 101 proximate to the second radiating branch 102, and the second end of the second conductive bridge 302 is coupled to an end of the second radiating branch 102 proximate to the first radiating branch 101.
  • the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding terminal 204, a second radiator 20, a first conductive bridge 301, and a first radiating branch 101.
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding terminal 205, a second radiator 20, a second conductive bridge 302, and a second radiating branch 102.
  • the impedance of the first antenna 100 can be adjusted via the first conductive bridge 301
  • the impedance of the second antenna 200 can be adjusted via the second conductive bridge 302, thereby facilitating impedance matching between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 can be spaced apart along the extension direction of the first radiator 10. It is understood that in this scenario, the length L3 of the conductive bridge 30 is the sum of the length of the first conductive bridge 301 (the dimension parallel to the extension direction of the first radiator 10), the distance between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302, and the length of the second conductive bridge 302. For example, in an implementation where the length L3 of the conductive bridge 30 is 7 mm, the distance between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 can be 4 mm. Accordingly, the lengths of the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 can both be 1.5 mm.
  • the impedance of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302, the width of the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 (the dimension along the extension direction perpendicular to the first radiator 10), and the distance between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 to facilitate impedance matching of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first radiating branch 101 includes a portion of the first radiator 10 located on a side of the first conductive bridge 301 facing away from the second conductive bridge 302, and a portion of the first radiator 10 connected to the first conductive bridge 301.
  • the second radiating branch 102 includes a portion of the first radiator 10 located on a side of the second conductive bridge 302 facing away from the first conductive bridge 301, and a portion of the first radiator 10 connected to the second conductive bridge 302.
  • a connecting branch connecting the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 may be provided between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302.
  • the first antenna 100 is used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance in the first working frequency band and the second working frequency band, respectively
  • the second antenna 200 is used to generate a third resonance and a fourth resonance in the first working frequency band and the second working frequency band, respectively.
  • the current distribution corresponding to the first resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the first feeding end 204 through part of the second radiator 20, the conductive bridge 30 (or, in the implementation method where the conductive bridge 30 includes the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302, the first conductive bridge 301) and the first radiating branch 101 to the open end of the first radiating branch 101, and the first radiating branch 101 mainly generates the first resonance;
  • the current distribution corresponding to the third resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the second feeding end 205 through part of the second radiator 20, the conductive bridge 30 (or, in the implementation method where the conductive bridge 30 includes the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302, the second conductive bridge 302) and the second radiating branch 102 to the open end of the second radiating branch 102, and the second radiating branch 102 mainly generates the third resonance.
  • the current distribution corresponding to the second resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the first feeding terminal 204 through the second radiator 20 to the first open end of the second radiator 20, and the corresponding second radiator 20 mainly produces the second resonance.
  • the current distribution corresponding to the fourth resonance is a unidirectional current flowing from the second feeding terminal 205 through the second radiator 20 to the second open end of the second radiator 20, and the corresponding second radiator 20 mainly produces the fourth resonance.
  • the first open end can be the open end of the second radiator 20 corresponding to the first radiation branch 101
  • the second open end can be the open end of the second radiator 20 corresponding to the second radiation branch 102.
  • the current is distributed sinusoidally on the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 are in a ⁇ 1 /4 mode, where ⁇ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the first operating frequency band, and the first decoupling mode is the fundamental mode.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 are in the ⁇ 2 /4 mode, where ⁇ 2 is the wavelength corresponding to the second operating frequency band, and the second decoupling mode is the fundamental mode.
  • the ratio between the center frequency of the second working frequency band and the center frequency of the first working frequency band can be 1.68-2.8 (such as 1.68, 2, 2.8, etc.); with this setting, the frequency difference between the second working frequency band and the first working frequency band is moderate, which can better cover the first working frequency band and the second working frequency band.
  • the center frequency of the second working frequency band can be greater than the center frequency of the first working frequency band, and accordingly, the ratio of the center frequency of the second working frequency band to the center frequency of the first working frequency band can be 1.68-2.8 (such as 1.68, 2, 2.8, etc.); or, the center frequency of the second working frequency band can be less than the center frequency of the first working frequency band, and accordingly, the ratio of the center frequency of the second working frequency band to the center frequency of the first working frequency band can be 1.68-2.8 (such as 1.68, 2, 2.8, etc.).
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the size relationship between the center frequency of the second working frequency band and the center frequency of the first working frequency band.
  • the antenna assembly also includes a third decoupling mode, which corresponds to the third operating frequency band.
  • the first antenna 100 is configured to generate a fifth resonance in the third operating frequency band
  • the second antenna 200 is configured to generate a sixth resonance in the third operating frequency band.
  • the fifth resonance corresponds to a higher-order mode of the first resonance
  • the sixth resonance corresponds to a higher-order mode of the third resonance.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 are in a 3 ⁇ 3 /4 mode, where ⁇ 3 is the wavelength corresponding to the third operating frequency band.
  • the third decoupling mode is a higher-order mode of the first decoupling mode.
  • the capacitance values of the first matching capacitor C1 and the second matching capacitor C2 can both be approximately 1pF, and the inductance values of the first matching inductor R1 and the second matching inductor R2 can both be approximately 0.6nH.
  • Figure 15 is an S-parameter curve diagram when the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301 and a second conductive bridge 302. It can be seen from curve S12 that the S parameter between point 1 and point 2 is less than or equal to -16 dB, the S parameter between point 3 and point 4 is less than or equal to -15 dB, and the S parameter between point 5 and point 6 is less than or equal to -13.5 dB.
  • the first operating frequency band is the 2.4 GHz band (e.g., 2.4 GHz-2.4835 GHz)
  • the second operating frequency band is the 5 GHz band (e.g., 5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band is the 6 GHz band (e.g., 5.925 GHz-7.125 GHz). It can be seen that the operating frequency bands of the antenna assembly cover all frequency bands of WLAN.
  • Figure 16 shows an antenna efficiency curve when the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301 and a second conductive bridge 302. Points 1 and 2 in the figure show that the antenna efficiency is greater than -0.5 dB in the first operating frequency band; points 3 and 4 in the figure show that the antenna efficiency is greater than -1.6 dB in the second operating frequency band; and points 5 and 6 in the figure show that the antenna efficiency is greater than -1.2 dB in the third operating frequency band. This shows that the antenna assembly has good antenna efficiency in all operating frequency bands, and the antenna assembly has good performance.
  • Figure 17 shows the antenna assembly's directional pattern in the first operating frequency band
  • Figure 18 shows the antenna assembly's directional pattern in the second operating frequency band
  • Figure 19 shows the antenna assembly's directional pattern in the third operating frequency band.
  • the directional patterns of the first and second antennas in this scenario complement each other, improving the omnidirectionality of the antenna assembly's signal coverage and thus ensuring high communication quality.
  • a first groove 203 and/or a first protrusion is provided on the second radiator 20 between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205.
  • the first groove 203 can increase the impedance between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205, and the first protrusion can reduce the impedance between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205, so as to adjust the impedance between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205.
  • the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 may be located on a side of the second radiator 20 facing away from the first radiator 10, and the corresponding first groove 203 and the first protrusion are also provided on the side of the second radiator 20 facing away from the first radiator 10.
  • the first groove 203 may penetrate the second radiator 20 along the thickness direction.
  • the first groove 203 may not penetrate the second radiator along the thickness direction, that is, the first groove 203 reduces the thickness of the second radiator 20 and also increases the impedance between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205.
  • the width L7 of the first groove 203 can be 5mm-10mm (5mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc.)
  • the depth L8 of the first groove 203 can be 2mm-5mm (2mm, 3mm, 5mm)
  • the length L5 of the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10 can be 0.5mm-3mm (such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc.).
  • the first feed end 204 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a first matching capacitor C1, a second matching inductor R2, and a third matching inductor R3 connected in series.
  • the first feed end 204 is also grounded via the first matching inductor R1, and the end of the second matching inductor R2 facing the third matching inductor R3 is grounded via the second matching capacitor C2.
  • the second feed end 205 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a fourth matching capacitor C4, a fifth matching inductor R5, and a sixth matching inductor R6 connected in series.
  • the second feed end 205 is also grounded via the fourth matching inductor R4, and the end of the fifth matching inductor R5 facing the sixth matching inductor R6 is grounded via the fifth matching capacitor C5.
  • the inductance values of the first matching inductor R1 and the fourth matching inductor R4 can both be approximately 12nH, and the inductance values of the second matching inductor R2, the third matching inductor R3, the fifth matching inductor R5, and the sixth matching inductor R6 can both be approximately 1.2nH; the capacitance values of the first matching capacitor C1 and the fourth matching capacitor C4 can both be approximately 0.8pF, and the capacitance values of the second matching capacitor C2 and the fifth matching capacitor C5 can both be approximately 0.3pF.
  • the antenna assembly in Figure 15 has a frequency band with low isolation (less than 15dB) in the 6GHz frequency band (5.925GHz-7.125GHz).
  • a first groove 203 is provided on the second radiator 20 between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205, which can increase the impedance between the first feeding end 204 and the second feeding end 205, thereby optimizing the differential mode path impedance in the second decoupling mode, and improving the isolation in the 6GHz frequency band (5.925GHz-7.125GHz).
  • FIG23 is a graph of the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the antenna assembly when the first groove 203 is provided.
  • the solid line in the graph represents the isotropic envelope correlation coefficient (E-field 3D Envelope Correlation Coefficient) in the angular power spectrum under the 3D electric field, and the dashed line represents the Laplace envelope correlation coefficient (E-field 3D Envelope Correlation Coefficient) in the angular power spectrum under the 3D electric field.
  • the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.3, the antenna assembly can achieve good MIMO performance.
  • the envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna assembly is less than 0.1 in the first operating frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz band), the second operating frequency band (e.g., 5 GHz band), and the third operating frequency band (e.g., 6 GHz band), indicating that the MIMO performance of the antenna assembly in this scenario is relatively high.
  • the first operating frequency band e.g., 2.4 GHz band
  • the second operating frequency band e.g., 5 GHz band
  • the third operating frequency band e.g., 6 GHz band
  • the antenna assembly may further include a ground plane 50.
  • the ground plane 50 may be disposed on a side of the second radiator 20 facing away from the first radiator 10.
  • the upper surface of the ground plane 50 may be coplanar with the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20, and a clearance zone may be formed between the ground plane 50 and the first radiator 10.
  • the ground plane 50 may also be disposed on a side of the first radiator 10 facing away from the second radiator 20.
  • the antenna assembly may further include a substrate 60.
  • the substrate 60 is disposed on one end of the floor 50 near the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the substrate 60 is disposed parallel to the floor 50.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 may be disposed on the substrate 60.
  • the substrate 60 may be used to support the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20 may be printed on the substrate 60 to simplify the manufacture of the antenna assembly.
  • the floor 50 may also be printed on the substrate 60.
  • the substrate 60 may be used to secure and support the floor 50, the first radiator 10, and the second radiator 20.
  • floor 50 can be in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 140 mm, a width of 70 mm, and a height of 1 mm.
  • Baseboard 60 can also be in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 13 mm, a width of 70 mm, and a height of 1 mm.
  • baseboard 60 can be made of epoxy glass cloth laminate (FR4), which has a relative dielectric constant Dk of 4.4 and a loss tangent value tan ⁇ of 0.02.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current causes the current at the first feeding terminal 204 to be small or equal to zero.
  • the current is distributed across the entire first radiator 10 and approximately half of the second radiator 20.
  • the entire first radiator 10 radiates signals, resulting in higher efficiency for the antenna assembly.
  • the current direction remains unchanged between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, making the first decoupling mode the fundamental mode.
  • FIG29 shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly when feeding through the first feeding terminal 204 in the second decoupling mode.
  • the current at the second feeding terminal 205 is small or equal to zero.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current causes the current at the second feeding terminal 205 to be small or equal to zero.
  • FIG30 shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly when feeding through the second feeding terminal 205 in the second decoupling mode. In this case, the current at the first feeding terminal 204 is small or equal to zero.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current causes the current at the first feeding terminal 204 to be small or equal to zero.
  • the current is mainly distributed on one side of the second radiator 20, and the current direction does not change in the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the second decoupling mode is a fundamental mode.
  • Figure 31 shows the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the first feeding terminal 204 in the third decoupling mode.
  • the current at the second feeding terminal 205 is small or equal to zero, and there is a zero current location on the first radiator 10 (near point a1), and the current directions on both sides of the zero current location are opposite.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current causes the current at the second feeding terminal 205 to be small or equal to zero.
  • Figure 32 shows the current distribution on the antenna assembly when feeding through the second feeding terminal 205 in the fourth decoupling mode.
  • the current at the first feeding terminal 204 is small or equal to zero. It can be seen that when feeding through the second feeding terminal 205, the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current. The superposition of the differential-mode current and the common-mode current causes the current at the first feeding terminal 204 to be small or equal to zero.
  • the current is primarily distributed along one side of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20. Figures 31 and 32 show that there is a zero current location (near point a1) on the first radiator 10, and that the currents on both sides of this zero current location have opposite directions. This indicates that the fourth decoupling mode is a higher-order mode.
  • the difference between this scenario and scenario one is that the first radiator 10 includes a first radiating branch 101 and a second radiating branch 102, the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 are spaced apart, and the end of the first radiating branch 101 close to the second radiating branch 102 and the end of the second radiating branch 102 close to the first radiating branch 101 are spaced apart.
  • This arrangement can increase the impedance between the conductive bridge 30 and the first radiating branch 101, and also increase the impedance between the conductive bridge 30 and the second radiating branch 102, which is equivalent to increasing the length of the current flow path on the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102, thereby reducing the length of the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 along their extension direction, thereby achieving miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301 and a second conductive bridge 302
  • one end of the first conductive bridge 301 is connected to the second radiator 20
  • the other end of the first conductive bridge 301 is connected to the end of the first radiating branch 101 closest to the second radiating branch 102.
  • One end of the second conductive bridge 302 is connected to the second radiator 20, and the other end of the second conductive bridge 302 is connected to the end of the second radiating branch 102 closest to the first radiating branch 101. Comparing FIG13 and FIG33 , it can be seen that when the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 are coupled, the length L1 of the first radiator 10 along its extension direction can be 45 mm.
  • the length L1 of the first radiator 10 along its extension direction can be 44 mm. It can be seen that by setting the first radiation branch 101 and the second radiation branch 102 at a distance, the impedance between the first conductive bridge 301 and the first radiation branch 101 can be increased, and the impedance between the second conductive bridge 302 and the second radiation branch 102 can also be increased. The length of the first radiation branch 101 and the second radiation branch 102 along their extension direction can be reduced to achieve miniaturization of the antenna component.
  • Figure 34 is an S-parameter curve of the antenna assembly when the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 are set at intervals. It can be seen from curve S12 that the S parameter between point 1 and point 2 is less than or equal to -18dB, the S parameter between point 3 and point 4 is less than or equal to -16dB, and the S parameter between point 5 and point 6 is less than or equal to -14.2dB. Therefore, the first operating frequency band is the 2.4GHz band (such as 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz), the second operating frequency band is the 5GHz band (such as 5.15GHz-5.85GHz), and the third operating frequency band is the 6GHz band (such as 5.925GHz-7.125GHz). It can be seen that the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly covers all frequency bands of WLAN.
  • 2.4GHz band such as 2.4GHz-2.4835GHz
  • the second operating frequency band is the 5GHz band (such as 5.15GHz-5.85GHz)
  • the third operating frequency band is the 6GHz band (such as 5.925GHz-7.125GHz
  • the distance D3 between the end of the first radiating branch 101 close to the second radiating branch 102 and the end of the second radiating branch 102 close to the first radiating branch 101 can be 0.05-0.25 times (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, etc.) the length L1 of the first radiator 10.
  • This arrangement ensures a certain impedance between the conductive bridge 30 and the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 while avoiding the situation where the distance D3 between the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 is too large, resulting in the length L1 of the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102 being too small, thereby avoiding affecting the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the second radiator 20 includes a third radiating branch 201 and a fourth radiating branch 202 spaced apart from each other.
  • the third radiating branch 201 and the fourth radiating branch 202 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the second radiator 20.
  • the first feeding terminal 204 is disposed on the third radiating branch 201
  • the second feeding terminal 205 is disposed on the fourth radiating branch 202
  • the conductive bridge 30 is coupled to the third radiating branch 201 and the fourth radiating branch 202.
  • the first antenna 100 includes the first feeding terminal 204, the third radiating branch 201, the conductive bridge 30, and the first radiator 10.
  • the second antenna 200 includes the second feeding terminal 205, the fourth radiating branch 202, the conductive bridge 30, and the first radiator 10.
  • the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301 and a second conductive bridge 302
  • the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding end 204 , a third radiating branch 201 , a first conductive bridge 301 , and a first radiator 10
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding end 205 , a fourth radiating branch 202 , a second conductive bridge 302 , and a first radiator 10 .
  • the impedance between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 can be increased, thereby optimizing the differential mode path impedance in the second decoupling mode and improving the isolation in the 6 GHz frequency band (5.925 GHz-7.125 GHz).
  • the distance D4 between the third radiating branch 201 and the fourth radiating branch 202 can be 0.05-0.25 times (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, etc.) the length L1 of the first radiator 10. This configuration improves the isolation in the 6 GHz frequency band while preventing the distance D4 between the third radiating branch 201 and the fourth radiating branch 202 from being too large or too small.
  • the first radiator 10 includes a first radiating branch 101 and a second radiating branch 102 spaced apart from each other, while the second radiator 20 includes a third radiating branch 201 and a fourth radiating branch 202 spaced apart from each other.
  • FIG37 is a graph of the S21 parameter corresponding to the antenna assembly shown in FIG36 .
  • the solid line in the graph represents the S21 parameter curve when the third radiating branch 201 and the fourth radiating branch 202 are integrally formed, and the dotted line represents the S21 parameter curve when the distance between the third radiating branch 201 and the fourth radiating branch 202 is 0.4 mm.
  • first midpoint a2 of the first radiator 10 along the extension direction and the second midpoint a3 of the second radiator 20 along the extension direction are spaced apart in the extension direction of the first radiator 10; that is, when the second radiator 20 is axially symmetrical with respect to the axis of symmetry, the first radiator 10 is offset to the right relative to the axis of symmetry, so that the antenna assembly has an asymmetric structure.
  • Such a setting can enable the antenna assembly to adapt to irregular installation space, so as to improve the adaptability of the antenna assembly, and the antenna assembly can adapt to a more complex overall layout.
  • the second midpoint a3 is located between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205, and the distances between the first feeding terminal and the second feeding terminal 205 and the second midpoint a3 are equal, that is, the second midpoint a3 is located on the axis of symmetry.
  • the distance between the first midpoint a2 and the first feeding terminal 204 is smaller than the distance between the second midpoint a3 and the second feeding terminal 205, so that the first radiator 10 is offset toward the first feeding terminal 204 along the extension direction, thereby making the length of the portion of the first radiator 10 on the right side of the conductive bridge 30 greater than the length of the portion of the first radiator 10 on the left side of the conductive bridge 30.
  • the length L12 of the portion of the first radiator 10 on the right side of the conductive bridge 30 can be 21 mm
  • the length L11 of the portion of the first radiator 10 on the left side of the conductive bridge 30 can be 17 mm.
  • Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of antenna matching for the antenna assembly.
  • the first feed end 204 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a first matching capacitor C1 and a first matching inductor R1 connected in series.
  • the second feed end 205 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a second matching capacitor C2 and a second matching inductor R2 connected in series.
  • the capacitance values of the first matching capacitor C1 and the second matching capacitor C2 can both be approximately 1 pF, and the inductance values of the first matching inductor R1 and the second matching inductor R2 can both be approximately 0.6 nH.
  • Figure 40 is an S-parameter curve diagram of the antenna assembly when the first midpoint a2 and the second midpoint a3 are set at intervals.
  • the isolation of the antenna assembly is about 12.4 dB.
  • the distance between the third midpoint a4 and the first midpoint a2 of the line connecting the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 in the extension direction of the first radiator 10 is less than or equal to 2 mm. This allows the third midpoint a4 and the first midpoint a2 to substantially coincide with each other in the extension direction of the first radiator 10.
  • the line connecting the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 is parallel to the extension direction of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 20.
  • the third midpoint a4 and the first midpoint a2 substantially coincide with each other in the extension direction of the first radiator 10.
  • the conductive bridge 30 is offset relative to the second radiator 20 along with the first radiator 10, while remaining approximately in the center of the first radiator 10. For example, based on the structure shown in FIG40 , the first conductive bridge 301 can be moved rightward a certain distance, i.e., the distance between the first conductive bridge 301 and the second conductive bridge 302 is increased, so that the third midpoint a4 and the first midpoint a2 coincide with each other.
  • the first conductive bridge 301 can be moved 4 mm to the right so that the lengths of the portions of the first radiator 10 on the left and right sides of the conductive bridge 30 are equal (both 17 mm).
  • Figure 42 shows the S-parameter curve of the antenna assembly when the third midpoint a4 and the first midpoint a2 coincide. As shown in Figure 42, aligning the third midpoint a4 with the first midpoint a2 improves the isolation in the first decoupling mode, thereby enhancing antenna performance. However, as shown in points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in Figure 42, the first and second operating frequency bands of the antenna assembly are shifted toward higher frequencies.
  • the first conductive bridge 301 and the second radiator 20 are coupled via a first inductor structure 303, or the first conductive bridge 301 and the first radiating branch 101 are coupled via the first inductor structure 303.
  • the first inductor structure 303 can increase the impedance between the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiator 20, thereby increasing the electrical length of the first antenna 100 and reducing the common-mode operating frequency band.
  • a first groove 203 can also be provided on the second radiator 20 between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205.
  • the second radiator 20 between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 is the path through which differential-mode current must pass in the first decoupling mode and the second decoupling mode.
  • the first groove 203 can increase the impedance between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205, thereby extending the differential-mode operating frequency band.
  • the first decoupling mode and the second decoupling mode can be moved to a low frequency, so that the first operating frequency band is the 2.4 GHz band and the second operating frequency band is the 5 GHz band.
  • FIG44 is a schematic diagram of antenna matching for an antenna assembly.
  • the first feed end 204 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a first matching capacitor C1.
  • the second feed end 205 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a second matching capacitor C2 and a second matching inductor R2 connected in series.
  • the first inductor structure 303 is also grounded via the first matching inductor R1, and the second feed end 205 is grounded via a third matching inductor R3.
  • the capacitance of the first matching capacitor C1 can be approximately 0.7 pF
  • the capacitance of the second matching capacitor C2 can be approximately 1 pF
  • the inductance of the first matching inductor R1 can be approximately 3.9 nH
  • the inductance of the second matching inductor R2 can be approximately 0.6 nH
  • the inductance of the third matching inductor R3 can be approximately 8.2 nH.
  • Figure 45 shows an S-parameter curve of the antenna assembly after installing the first inductor structure 303.
  • the first operating frequency band of the antenna assembly is 2.4 GHz, with a corresponding isolation of greater than 17.5 dB.
  • the second operating frequency band is 5 GHz, with a corresponding isolation of greater than 17.5 dB.
  • the third operating frequency band is approximately 7.25 GHz, with a corresponding isolation of greater than 16 dB. This shows that installing the first inductor structure 303 provides high performance. However, the third operating frequency band is approximately 7.25 GHz, making it difficult to cover the 6 GHz band.
  • a preset position is provided on each of the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102.
  • the current at the preset position is near zero in the first operating frequency band, and nears a maximum value in the third operating frequency band.
  • a second groove 103 is provided at the preset position on each of the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102.
  • the second groove 103 increases the impedance at the preset position, thereby shifting the third operating frequency band toward a lower frequency to cover the 6 GHz band.
  • the third operating frequency band is close to the second operating frequency band, enabling de-banding and decoupling. Since the current at the preset position is near zero in the first operating frequency band, the second groove 103 does not affect the antenna assembly in the first operating frequency band.
  • the width D5 of the second groove 103 along the extension direction of the first radiator 10 can be 3 mm to 5 mm (e.g., 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, etc.), and the depth D7 of the second groove 103 can be 1 mm to 3 mm (e.g., 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm).
  • the remaining dimensions D6 can be 1 mm to 6 mm (e.g., 1 mm, 3.5 mm, 6 mm), L3 can be 2.25 mm to 11.25 mm (e.g., 2.25 mm, 8 mm, 11.25 mm), L9 can be 5 mm to 10 mm (e.g., 5 mm, 8.5 mm, 10 mm), L8 can be 1 mm to 5 mm (e.g., 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm), L7 can be 5 mm to 12 mm (e.g., 5 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm), and L10 can be 8 mm to 15 mm (e.g., 8 mm, 12.5 mm, 15 mm).
  • Figure 47 is a graph of the S21 parameter of the antenna assembly before and after the second groove 103 is set. As can be seen from Figures 47 and 45, after the second groove 103 is set, the third operating frequency band moves to a lower frequency to cover the 6 GHz band.
  • Figure 48 is a graph of the S parameter of the antenna assembly before and after the second groove 103 is set at the preset positions of the first radiating branch 101 and the second radiating branch 102. As can be seen from Figure 48, after the second groove 103 is set, the first operating frequency band of the antenna assembly is the 2.4 GHz band, the second operating frequency band is the 5 GHz band, and the third operating frequency band is the 6 GHz band. It can be seen that the antenna assembly can cover all frequency bands of the WLAN.
  • Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the antenna assembly after the second groove 103 is set. As can be seen from Figure 49, the antenna assembly has high efficiency in all operating frequency bands and has high performance.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a grounding branch 40, one end of which is coupled to the second radiator 20 between the first feed terminal 204 and the second feed terminal 205, and the other end of the grounding branch 40 is grounded.
  • Figure 51 is a schematic diagram of the S parameters of the antenna assembly when the second radiator 20 between the first feed terminal 204 and the second feed terminal 205 is grounded via the grounding branch 40.
  • the first operating frequency band of the antenna assembly is the 2.4 GHz band
  • the second operating frequency band is the 5 GHz band
  • the third operating frequency band is the 6 GHz band. This indicates that the antenna assembly can cover various WLAN frequency bands.
  • 52-55 are current distribution diagrams of the first antenna 100 at 2.45 GHz, 5.1 GHz, 5.7 GHz, and 7.1 GHz when the grounding branch 40 is set. It can be seen that setting the grounding branch 40 does not affect the decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 in each decoupling mode.
  • the antenna assembly includes a fourth inductor structure 401, through which the grounding branch 40 is coupled to ground.
  • the inductance of the fourth inductor structure 401 can be between 1 nH and 5 nH (e.g., 1 nH, 3 nH, 5 nH, etc.).
  • Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna assembly when the grounding branch 40 is grounded via the fourth inductor structure 401.
  • the first operating frequency band of the antenna assembly is the 2.4 GHz band
  • the second operating frequency band is the 5 GHz band
  • the third operating frequency band is the 6 GHz band. This indicates that the antenna assembly can cover various WLAN frequency bands.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a capacitor structure 402.
  • the second radiator 20 between the first feed terminal 204 and the second feed terminal 205 is coupled to ground via the capacitor structure 402.
  • the grounding branch 40 can be coupled to ground via the capacitor structure 402.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor structure 402 can be 0.2pF-0.6pF (e.g., 0.2pF, 0.4pF, 0.6pF, etc.).
  • Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of the S parameters of the antenna assembly when the second radiator 20 between the first feed terminal 204 and the second feed terminal 205 is grounded via the capacitor structure 402.
  • the first operating frequency band of the antenna assembly is the 2.4GHz band
  • the second operating frequency band is the 5GHz band
  • the third operating frequency band is the 6GHz band. It can be seen that the antenna assembly can cover various frequency bands of WLAN.
  • Figure 60 is a comparison diagram of the S21 curves when the second radiator 20 between the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205 is directly grounded through the grounding branch 40, the grounding branch 40 is grounded through the fourth inductance structure 401, and the grounding branch 40 is grounded through the capacitor structure 402.
  • the capacitor structure 402 includes a conductive block 403 coupled to a ground.
  • a capacitor slot 404 is provided on the second radiator 20 between the first feed end 204 and the second feed end 205.
  • the conductive block 403 is disposed within the capacitor slot 404, with the conductive block 403 spaced from the bottom and walls of the capacitor slot 404.
  • This arrangement forms the capacitor structure 402 between the conductive block 403 and the sidewalls of the capacitor slot 404, eliminating the need for a separate capacitor structure 402 and simplifying the structure of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitor block's location within the capacitor slot 404 also enhances the compactness of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitor block may include a conductive sheet extending along the bottom and wall of the capacitor slot 404 , and a conductive pin is provided on the conductive sheet corresponding to the bottom of the capacitor slot 404 , and the conductive pin is grounded.
  • the width of the first radiator 10 can be appropriately reduced to increase its impedance, thereby reducing its length L1.
  • L1 can be 40 mm to 50 mm (e.g., 40 mm, 44 mm, 50 mm, etc.), thereby miniaturizing the antenna assembly.
  • Properly setting the distance L14 between the first radiator 10 and the floor 50 can adjust the clearance area of the antenna assembly.
  • the distance L14 between the first radiator 10 and the floor 50 can be 5 mm to 15 mm (e.g., 5 mm, 7.5 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, etc.).
  • the floor panel 50 can be disposed on a circuit board.
  • the floor panel 50 can be a metal layer printed on the surface of the circuit board. In this case, creating an angle between the plane where the antenna assembly resides and the plane where the floor panel 50 resides can prevent the antenna assembly from occupying wiring space on the circuit board, thereby improving the rationality of the wiring space on the circuit board.
  • a bracket 601 can be provided on the circuit board, and the antenna assembly can also be provided on the bracket 601 by electroplating, attaching, or printing, so that the bracket 601 supports the antenna assembly. It is understood that the bracket 601 must be made of an insulating material to prevent the bracket 601 from causing a short circuit in the antenna assembly.
  • the material of the bracket 601 can include plastic, rubber, etc., and the relative dielectric constant of the bracket 601 can be approximately 2.8.
  • the length L1 of the first radiator 10 can be 46 mm
  • the width D1 of the first radiator 10 can be 4.8 mm
  • the length L2 of the second radiator 20 can be 29 mm
  • the width D2 of the second radiator 20 can be 6.5 mm
  • the distance D8 between the first radiator and the second radiator can be 1.5 mm
  • the width D5 of the second groove 103 can be 5 mm
  • the depth D7 of the second groove 103 can be 2 mm
  • the length L5 of the first feed branch 2041 and the second feed branch 2051 can be 3 mm
  • the width L15 of the first feed branch 2041 and the second feed branch 2051 can be 1.25 mm
  • the length L16 of the second radiator 20 outside the first feed branch 2041 and the second feed branch 2051 can be 7 mm
  • the width L7 of the first groove 203 can be 9 mm.
  • a first fixed branch node 304 is provided at the end of the first feeding branch node 2041 facing away from the second radiator 20, and a second fixed branch node 305 is provided at the end of the second feeding branch node 2051 facing away from the second radiator 20.
  • the first fixed branch node 304 and the second fixed branch node 305 can be perpendicular to the plane where the antenna assembly is located, so that the first fixed branch node 304 and the second fixed branch node 305 can be attached to the circuit board to connect with the circuit on the circuit board.
  • the extension length L17 of the first fixed branch node 304 and the second fixed branch node 305 in the direction parallel to the circuit board can be 5.6 mm.
  • Figure 64 shows a schematic diagram of antenna matching for the antenna assembly.
  • the first feed end 204 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a first matching capacitor C1 and a second matching inductor R2 connected in series.
  • the first feed end 204 is also grounded via the first matching inductor R1.
  • the end of the second matching inductor R2 facing the first matching capacitor C1 is grounded via the second matching capacitor C2, and the end of the second matching inductor R2 facing away from the first matching capacitor C1 is grounded via the third matching capacitor C3.
  • the second feed end 205 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a fourth matching capacitor C4 and a fourth matching inductor R4 connected in series.
  • the second feed end 205 is also grounded via the third matching inductor R3.
  • the impedance of the antenna assembly can be matched to the impedance of the interface of the transceiver 110.
  • the capacitance values of the first matching capacitor C1 and the fourth capacitor can both be approximately 1 pF
  • the capacitance values of the second matching capacitor C2 and the fifth capacitor C5 can be approximately 0.2 pF
  • the capacitance values of the third matching capacitor C3 and the sixth capacitor C6 can be approximately 0.3 pF
  • the inductance values of the first matching inductor R1 and the third matching inductor R3 can be approximately 6.8 nH
  • the inductance values of the second matching inductor R2 and the fourth matching inductor R4 can be approximately 1.5 nH.
  • Figure 65 is an S-parameter curve diagram of the antenna assembly when the plane where the antenna assembly is located is set perpendicular to the plane where the floor 50 is located. It can be seen from Figure 65 that the first working frequency band of the antenna assembly is the 2.4 GHz band, the second working frequency band is the 5 GHz band, and the third working frequency band is the 6 GHz band. It can be seen that the antenna assembly can cover various frequency bands of WLAN; in addition, in the first working frequency band, the second working frequency band and the third working frequency band, the isolation of the antenna assembly is greater than 18 dB, and the antenna assembly has a high isolation.
  • Figure 66 shows the antenna assembly's antenna efficiency curve when the plane of the antenna assembly is perpendicular to the plane of floor 50. As shown in Figure 66, the antenna efficiency is better than -1.5dB in the first, second, and third operating frequency bands, demonstrating the antenna assembly's excellent performance.
  • the antenna assembly provides excellent communication quality with user terminals, satellites, communication base stations, and other devices, thereby improving vehicle positioning and navigation accuracy.
  • the difference between this scenario and the above scenario is that the first radiator 10 includes a first radiating branch 101, a second radiating branch 102, and a fifth radiating branch 104 connected to each other, the conductive bridge 30 includes a first conductive bridge 301, a second conductive bridge 302, and a third conductive bridge 309, and the second radiator 20 includes a third radiating branch 201, a fourth radiating branch 202, and a sixth radiating branch 206 connected to each other; the first radiating branch 101, the third radiating branch 201, and the first conductive bridge 301 are located in a first plane, and the first radiating branch 101 is connected to the third radiating branch 201 through the first conductive bridge 301.
  • the fourth radiating branch 202 and the second conductive bridge 302 are located in the second plane, the second radiating branch 102 is coupled and connected to the fourth radiating branch 202 via the second conductive bridge 302, and the fourth radiating branch 202 is provided with a second feeding terminal 205;
  • the fifth radiating branch 104, the sixth radiating branch 206 and the third conductive bridge 309 are located in the third plane, the fifth radiating branch 104 is coupled and connected to the sixth radiating branch 206 via the third conductive bridge 309, and the sixth radiating branch 206 is provided with a third feeding terminal 209.
  • the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding terminal 204, a third radiating branch 201, a first conductive bridge 301, and a first radiating branch 101;
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding terminal 205, a fourth radiating branch 202, a second conductive bridge 302, and a second radiating branch 102;
  • the third antenna 300 includes a third feeding terminal 209, a fifth radiating branch 104, a third conductive bridge 309, and a sixth radiating branch 206. Any one of the first antenna 100, the second antenna 200, and the third antenna 300 can be decoupled from the other two, thereby achieving self-decoupling of the antenna assembly.
  • the first plane, the second plane and the third plane intersect at a same straight line perpendicular to the floor, and the first plane, the second plane and the third plane are symmetrically arranged around the center of the straight line.
  • first, second, and third planes intersect on a common line perpendicular to floor 50, and are symmetrically arranged about the center of the line. That is, the angles between the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane are all 120°.
  • first antenna 100, second antenna 200, and third antenna 300 can also be symmetrically arranged about the center of the line to improve the structural regularity of the antenna assembly and facilitate its manufacture.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a first dielectric plate 602, a second dielectric plate 603, and a third dielectric plate 604.
  • the first dielectric plate 602, the second dielectric plate 603, and the third dielectric plate 604 are all disposed perpendicular to the floor 50.
  • the first dielectric plate 602, the second dielectric plate 603, and the third dielectric plate 604 intersect on a common straight line perpendicular to the floor 50 and are symmetrically arranged about the center of the straight line.
  • the first antenna 100 is disposed on the first dielectric plate 602, the second antenna 200 is disposed on the second dielectric plate 603, and the third antenna 300 is disposed on the third dielectric plate 604. This arrangement facilitates support and fixation of the first antenna 100, the second antenna 200, and the third antenna 300.
  • FIG69 shows the structure of the first antenna 100.
  • L11 can be 20.5 mm
  • L14 can be 15.7 mm
  • D1 can be 4.8 mm
  • L16 can be 5 mm
  • L17 can be 2 mm
  • L18 can be 10 mm
  • L19 can be 3 mm
  • L20 can be 3.5 mm
  • L21 can be 5 mm
  • L22 can be 2.5 mm
  • L23 can be 4 mm
  • L24 can be 9 mm
  • L25 can be 5 mm
  • L26 can be 6.4 mm
  • L27 can be 4.5 mm
  • L28 can be 2 mm.
  • the structures of the second antenna 200 and the third antenna 300 can be substantially the same as those of the first antenna 100 and will not be described in detail here.
  • the open end of the first radiating branch 101 (the position corresponding to L16) is bent. This configuration can increase the current length of the first radiating branch 101 and the impedance of the first radiating branch 101.
  • a recessed structure (the portion corresponding to L18) is provided on the first radiating branch 101, which can also increase the impedance of the first radiating branch 101. Since the open end of the first radiating branch 101 is bent, the length of the first radiating branch 101 can be reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna assembly.
  • the open end of the second radiating branch 102 (at the position corresponding to L23) is bent.
  • This configuration can increase the current length of the second radiating branch 102 and the impedance of the second radiating branch 102.
  • a recessed structure (at the portion corresponding to L21) is provided on the second radiating branch 102, which can also increase the impedance of the second radiating branch 102. Since the open end of the second radiating branch 102 is bent, the length of the second radiating branch 102 can be reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna assembly.
  • the current at the second feeding terminal 205 is zero or close to zero, thereby eliminating or reducing the interference between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200; at the same time, the current at the third feeding terminal 209 is also zero or close to zero, thereby eliminating or reducing the interference between the first antenna 100 and the third antenna 300, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the third antenna 300.
  • the current at the second feeding terminal 205 is zero or close to zero, which can eliminate or reduce the interference between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the current at the third feeding terminal 209 is zero or close to zero, which can eliminate or reduce the interference between the first antenna 100 and the third antenna 300, thereby achieving decoupling of the first antenna 100 and the third antenna 300.
  • Figure 72 is a schematic diagram of antenna matching for the antenna assembly.
  • the first feed terminal 204 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a first matching capacitor C1 and a second matching inductor R2 connected in series.
  • the first feed terminal 204 is also grounded via the first matching inductor R1, and the end of the second matching inductor R2 facing the first matching capacitor C1 is grounded via the second matching capacitor C2.
  • the second feed terminal 205 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a third matching capacitor C3 and a fourth matching inductor R4 connected in series.
  • the second feed terminal 205 is also grounded via the third matching inductor R3, and the end of the fourth matching inductor R4 facing the third matching capacitor C3 is grounded via the fourth matching capacitor C4.
  • the third feed terminal 209 of the antenna assembly is connected to the transceiver 110 via a fifth matching capacitor C5 and a sixth matching inductor R6 connected in series.
  • the third feed terminal 209 is also grounded via the fifth matching inductor R5, and the end of the sixth matching inductor R6 facing the fifth matching capacitor C5 is grounded via the sixth matching capacitor C6.
  • the impedance of the antenna assembly can be matched to the impedance of the interface of the transceiver 110.
  • the inductance of the first matching inductor R1, the third matching inductor R3, and the fifth matching inductor R5 can be approximately 10nH
  • the capacitance of the first matching capacitor C1, the third matching capacitor C3, and the fifth matching capacitor C5 can be approximately 0.5pF
  • the capacitance of the second matching capacitor C2, the fourth matching capacitor C4, and the sixth matching capacitor C6 can be approximately 0.2pF
  • the inductance of the second matching inductor R2, the fourth matching inductor R4, and the sixth matching inductor R6 can be approximately 1nH.
  • Figure 73 is a graph of the S-parameters of the antenna assembly in this scenario.
  • the first operating frequency band of the antenna assembly is 2.4 GHz
  • the second operating frequency band is 5 GHz
  • the third operating frequency band is 6 GHz, indicating that the antenna assembly can cover all WLAN frequency bands.
  • Figure 73 shows that when S11 is less than -6 dB and S21 is less than 15 dB, the frequency bands covering 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 4.59 GHz to 9.4 GHz can be covered.
  • This antenna assembly maintains high isolation while also having a wide operating frequency bandwidth (ultra-wideband high-isolation MIMO antenna).
  • another embodiment further provides an antenna assembly comprising a conductive plate 70, a first radiator, a second radiator, and a conductive bridge.
  • the first radiator comprises a first slot 105 disposed on the conductive plate 70
  • the second radiator comprises a second slot 207 disposed on the conductive plate 70.
  • the second radiator is spaced apart from the first radiator.
  • a first feeding terminal 204 and a second feeding terminal 205 are spaced apart on the conductive plate 70 corresponding to the second radiator. Power can be fed to the antenna assembly via the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205.
  • the conductive bridge may comprise a third slot 306 disposed between the first radiator and the second radiator. One end of the third slot 306 is connected to the first slot, and the other end of the third slot 306 is connected to the second slot 207.
  • the antenna assembly includes a first antenna 100 and a second antenna 200.
  • the first antenna 100 includes: a first feeding end 204, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator.
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding end 205, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator.
  • the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 include the same frequency band.
  • the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200 simultaneously excite differential-mode current and common-mode current.
  • the differential-mode current and the common-mode current have the same direction at the first feeding terminal 204 and are retained after superposition.
  • the differential-mode current and the common-mode current have opposite directions and are approximately equal in magnitude at the second feeding terminal 205.
  • the current at the second feeding terminal 205 is zero or near zero, thereby eliminating or reducing interference between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, improving the isolation between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, and achieving decoupling between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200.
  • the current at the first feeding terminal 204 is zero or near zero, thereby eliminating or reducing interference between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, improving the isolation between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, and achieving decoupling between the first antenna 100 and the second antenna 200, i.e., self-decoupling of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of the present application has a first radiator and a second radiator spaced apart.
  • the first radiator includes a first slot 105 disposed on a conductive plate 70
  • the second radiator includes a second slot 207 disposed on the conductive plate 70.
  • a first feeding terminal 204 and a second feeding terminal 205 are spaced apart on the conductive plate 70 corresponding to the second radiator, and power can be fed to the antenna assembly through the first feeding terminal 204 and the second feeding terminal 205.
  • a conductive bridge includes a third slot 306 disposed between the first and second radiators, one end of the third slot 306 communicating with the first slot, and the other end of the third slot 306 communicating with the second slot 207.
  • the antenna assembly includes a first antenna 100 and a second antenna 200, and the operating frequency bands of the first and second antennas 100 and 200 include the same frequency band.
  • the first antenna 100 includes a first feeding terminal 204, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator
  • the second antenna 200 includes a second feeding terminal 205, a first radiator, a conductive bridge, and a second radiator.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble antenne, un dispositif de communication et un véhicule, qui visent à résoudre le problème d'une isolation relativement faible entre des antennes adjacentes. Dans l'ensemble antenne, une première extrémité d'alimentation et une seconde extrémité d'alimentation sont agencées à un intervalle sur un second radiateur ; et une extrémité d'un pont conducteur est couplée à un premier radiateur, et l'autre extrémité du pont conducteur est couplée au second radiateur. L'ensemble antenne comprend une première antenne et une seconde antenne, la première antenne comprenant la première extrémité d'alimentation, le premier radiateur, le pont conducteur et le second radiateur, et la seconde antenne comprenant la seconde extrémité d'alimentation, le premier radiateur, le pont conducteur et le second radiateur ; et lorsque des signaux de la même bande de fréquences sont introduits dans l'ensemble antenne au moyen de la première extrémité d'alimentation et de la seconde extrémité d'alimentation, la première antenne et la seconde antenne sont conçues pour fonctionner dans la même bande de fréquences, et une isolation relativement élevée est formée entre la première antenne et la seconde antenne.
PCT/CN2024/103316 2023-07-11 2024-07-03 Ensemble antenne, dispositif de communication et véhicule Pending WO2025011405A1 (fr)

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CN202310849801.4A CN119315252A (zh) 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 天线组件、通信设备及车辆
CN202310849801.4 2023-07-11

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