WO2025095802A1 - Method for decontaminating and utilizing aluminium production waste sludges - Google Patents
Method for decontaminating and utilizing aluminium production waste sludges Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025095802A1 WO2025095802A1 PCT/RU2023/000339 RU2023000339W WO2025095802A1 WO 2025095802 A1 WO2025095802 A1 WO 2025095802A1 RU 2023000339 W RU2023000339 W RU 2023000339W WO 2025095802 A1 WO2025095802 A1 WO 2025095802A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
Definitions
- the invention relates to metallurgical methods for rendering harmless and utilizing sludge waste from aluminum production, in particular to the production of aluminum and its alloys from oxidized forms together with alumina or alumina-containing products.
- a method for producing aluminum from waste which includes heat treatment of aluminum oxide in the presence of carbon, interaction of the obtained product containing aluminum carbide and aluminum trifluoride, upon heating to form aluminum subfluoride and decomposition of the subfluoride to aluminum and aluminum trifluoride, wherein before heat treatment, agglomeration of the initial material is carried out with a coating of the agglomeration particles with carbon, heating is carried out by a resistive method, and decomposition is carried out by condensation using a layer of aluminum trifluoride at 1100°C (SU 1253433 AZ, published 23.08.1986).
- the disadvantages of the described method are the insufficiently high purity of the aluminum obtained.
- a method for producing aluminum from alumina-containing materials including reduction with a solid carbon-containing material (SLI 313374 A1, published 31.08.1971), wherein the starting materials are chlorinated with manganese chloride in the presence of a solid carbon-containing material at a temperature of 900-1400°C, and the resulting aluminum trichloride, purified from carbon monoxide, is reduced to metallic aluminum with metallic manganese formed during chlorination at a temperature higher than the melting point of manganese chloride, and in no less than one and a half times its excess against the theoretically necessary amount, with the production of manganese chloride, which is returned for chlorination.
- SLI 313374 A1 solid carbon-containing material
- the disadvantages are the complexity of the technological process of obtaining aluminum and the presence of harmful impurities that pollute the atmosphere.
- a method for producing aluminum is known (SLI 193720 A1, 12.02.1969), the essence of which is that aluminum oxide is reduced with carbon to form mainly AlO3, which is captured in a known way and sent to electrolysis.
- the known method is difficult to implement and involves returning the reduced aluminum oxide to the electrochemical process, which increases the cost of the process.
- a method for producing aluminum is known (RU 2157856 C2, published 20.10.2000), which includes the reduction of alumina with a carbon-containing material and the subsequent separation of aluminum at the cathode; the carbon-containing material used is graphite, before reduction, alumina is mixed with graphite, reduction is carried out by heating using high-frequency inductors until the mixture sinters and melts, using the mixture as an anode.
- the disadvantage of the known method is the initial production of aluminum carbide and its decomposition at very high temperatures, which reduces both the purification of aluminum and reduces the economic indicators of the process.
- the known method is based on the carbothermic reduction of aluminum according to the known method is an alternative process for producing aluminum using a chemical reduction reaction in a reactor. Carbothermic processes require much less physical space than the Hola-Heroult electrolytic reduction process.
- the process of producing aluminum by carbothermic reduction leads to a decrease in electricity consumption. The estimates obtained indicate that the carbothermic process reduces energy requirements by more than 30%.
- the carbothermic process for producing aluminum in addition, significantly reduces emissions of perfluorocarbons into the atmosphere.
- the electrothermal reduction method is more promising than the electrolysis method, since it is based on the processing of aluminosilicate raw materials, which are much more abundant than bauxites, and requires lower costs for raw material preparation.
- the electrothermal reduction method has a number of disadvantages that hinder its widespread use. There is an increased formation of aluminum carbide, liquid slags, disruption of the dynamics of the charge and reduction products,
- the need to add silicon or iron oxides to prevent the formation of aluminum carbide in the standard technology of carbothermal reduction of aluminum from oxide requires additional technologies for separating aluminum from other components of the resulting alloy when it is necessary to obtain pure aluminum.
- the article in question discloses a new method for producing aluminum, which consists of the following.
- Aluminum is reduced not by carbon, but by carbon monoxide. It is known that carbon monoxide CO, unlike elemental carbon, is a more active reducing agent. Carbon monoxide is produced in a special external gas generator, which is then fed into the electrolyzer. And to increase the contact time of carbon monoxide with the molten charge, a number of plates with a recess in the lower part are installed in the electrolyzer to delay the movement of CO gas. The plates are installed on supports fixed in the carbon bottom of the bath. The plates and supports are made of refractory, chemically resistant, non-conductive material, for example, silicon carbide. In this case, the height of the electrolyzer increases to 0.8 m. The process is carried out in the following way.
- Cryolite is loaded into the bath, lined with carbon mass or graphite blocks, melted in the arc mode and brought to a liquid state. Then the batch consisting of a mixture of aluminum and silicon oxides is loaded into the bath. The combined reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides is carried out at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C, including the formation of a reaction volume of melt based on metal fluorides, the application of direct electric current to the melt. Graphite electrodes immersed in the melt reduce the cryolites of aluminum and silicon oxide dissolved in the melt at a direct current of 50-100 kA. In parallel, the reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides with carbon monoxide occurs.
- the method disclosed above does not provide sufficient completeness of recovery due to the bubbling process and the complex design of increasing the contact time of the charge with the blast gas.
- the objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for recycling sludge waste from aluminum production that is simpler in the implementation of the technological process of obtaining aluminum, it does not contain harmful impurities that pollute the atmosphere, which improves the environment, the absence of additives in the recovery process increases the purity of aluminum, in addition, due to the continuity of the process, the productivity of aluminum production will be quite high.
- the technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of aluminum recovery.
- the specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method for rendering harmless and utilizing sludge waste from aluminum production includes thermal reduction of oxide forms of aluminum, silicon, iron, copper, which are reduced during processing with carbon oxide from the melt of the charge.
- the prepared charge of metal oxides is processed in a gas-lift furnace with constant circulation of the melt of the charge through fenced off melting, gas-lift and settling chambers at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C.
- the specified technical effect is achieved due to the fact that in order to maintain the temperature regime of the furnace, direct current electrodes with the function are installed in the settling chamber. additional reduction of metals by electrochemical processes.
- the specified technical effect is also achieved by the fact that the process gases leaving the furnace are cooled to a temperature of 600 - 800 °C, cleaned of foreign impurities and sent to generate carbon monoxide in the gas generator and then to the gas lift furnace as blast gases, eliminating emissions of process gases into the atmosphere.
- the claimed method is implemented in the following way.
- the calculated amount of a mixture containing an alloy of aluminum and cryolite (or spent electrolyte from electrolysis baths) is loaded into the furnace, the said mixture is melted to a liquid state using carbon-containing DC electrodes installed in the furnace settling zone and maintaining a temperature in the furnace of 1000-1100°C.
- gases containing CO are fed from a CO generator through tuyeres installed in the furnace gas lift chamber into the said molten mixture as a blast, as a result of which a foam-liquid phase of the said molten mixture is formed in the melt of the said mixture, which circulates between the gas lift chamber and the melting chambers of the furnace due to the formed flow of the said blast gases.
- a charge containing sludge waste from aluminum production for example, spent melt from electrolyzers
- other oxides and cryolite is loaded into the furnace.
- a foam-liquid phase containing sludge waste from aluminum production and cryolite is formed in the melt layer, which, due to the formed flow of said blast gases, enters the gas-separating chamber located above the gas-lift and melting chambers, where the foam-liquid phase is stratified into gaseous and liquid phases.
- the gaseous phase is removed from the furnace through a gas duct for removing gases from the gas-separating chamber for cooling to 600-800°C, gas cleaning and then into the gas generator and the technological process, and the liquid phase enters the slag melt layer in the melting chamber.
- a joint reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides occurs at a temperature of 1000-1100°C, the formation of a reaction volume of the melt based on metal fluorides by applying direct electric current to the melt using the electrodes specified above.
- the reduced aluminum and silicon oxides peel off from the melt and settle on the bottom of the furnace and are then removed from the furnace. Excess melt is also removed from the furnace.
- Processing of the melt of the charge in a gas-lift furnace with the organization of the reaction process in the gas lift with the formation of a "melt-gas" system in the form of a foam-liquid layer removes diffusion restrictions, which ensures a faster and more complete process recovery of metals.
- the specified technical effect is achieved by the fact that the processing time of a fresh portion of the reducing agent increases due to the circulation of the melted charge through the fenced-off melting, gas-lift and settling chambers.
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Abstract
Description
Способ обезвреживания и утилизации шламовых отходов алюминиевого производства ОБЛАСТЬ ТЕХНИКИ Method of neutralization and utilization of sludge waste from aluminum production FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
Изобретение относится к металлургическим способам обезвреживания и утилизации шламовых отходов алюминиевого производства, в частности к получению алюминия и его сплавов из окисленных форм совместно с глинозёмом или глинозёмсодержащими продуктами. The invention relates to metallurgical methods for rendering harmless and utilizing sludge waste from aluminum production, in particular to the production of aluminum and its alloys from oxidized forms together with alumina or alumina-containing products.
УРОВЕНЬ ТЕХНИКИ LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY
Известен способ получения алюминия из отходов, включающий термообработку окиси алюминия в присутствии углерода, взаимодействие полученного продукта, содержащего карбид алюминия и алюминийтрифторид, при нагревании с образованием алюминийсубфторида и разложение субфторида до алюминия и алюминийтрифторида, причем перед термообработкой осуществляют агломерацию исходного материала с покрытием агломерационных частиц углеродом, нагревание проводят резистивным способом, а разложение осуществляют конденсацией с помощью слоя алюминийтрифторида при 1100°С (SU 1253433 АЗ, опубл. 23.08.1986). A method is known for producing aluminum from waste, which includes heat treatment of aluminum oxide in the presence of carbon, interaction of the obtained product containing aluminum carbide and aluminum trifluoride, upon heating to form aluminum subfluoride and decomposition of the subfluoride to aluminum and aluminum trifluoride, wherein before heat treatment, agglomeration of the initial material is carried out with a coating of the agglomeration particles with carbon, heating is carried out by a resistive method, and decomposition is carried out by condensation using a layer of aluminum trifluoride at 1100°C (SU 1253433 AZ, published 23.08.1986).
Недостатками описанного способа являются недостаточно высокая чистота получения алюминия. The disadvantages of the described method are the insufficiently high purity of the aluminum obtained.
Известен способ получения алюминия из глиноземсодержащих материалов, включающий восстановление твердым углеродсодержащим материалом (SLI 313374 А1 , опубл. 31.08.1971), причем исходные материалы хлорируют хлористым марганцем в присутствии твердого углеродсодержащего материала при температуре 900-1400°С, а полученный треххлористый алюминий, очищенный от окиси углерода, восстанавливают до металлического алюминия образующимся при хлорировании металлическим марганцем при температуре, выше температуры плавления хлористого марганца, и не менее чем полуторакратном избытке его против теоретически необходимого количества с получением хлористого марганца, который возвращают на хлорирование. A method is known for producing aluminum from alumina-containing materials, including reduction with a solid carbon-containing material (SLI 313374 A1, published 31.08.1971), wherein the starting materials are chlorinated with manganese chloride in the presence of a solid carbon-containing material at a temperature of 900-1400°C, and the resulting aluminum trichloride, purified from carbon monoxide, is reduced to metallic aluminum with metallic manganese formed during chlorination at a temperature higher than the melting point of manganese chloride, and in no less than one and a half times its excess against the theoretically necessary amount, with the production of manganese chloride, which is returned for chlorination.
Недостатками являются сложность технологического процесса получения алюминия и наличие вредных примесей, загрязняющих атмосферу. The disadvantages are the complexity of the technological process of obtaining aluminum and the presence of harmful impurities that pollute the atmosphere.
Известен способ получения алюминия (SLI 193720 А1 , 12.02.1969), сущность которого заключается в том, что окись алюминия восстанавливают углеродом до образования в основном АЬОз, которая улавливается известным путем и направляется на электролиз. Известный способ сложен в исполнении и предполагает возврат восстановленного оксида алюминия на электрохимический передел, что удорожает процесс. A method for producing aluminum is known (SLI 193720 A1, 12.02.1969), the essence of which is that aluminum oxide is reduced with carbon to form mainly AlO3, which is captured in a known way and sent to electrolysis. The known method is difficult to implement and involves returning the reduced aluminum oxide to the electrochemical process, which increases the cost of the process.
Известен способ получения алюминия (RU 2157856 С2, опубл. 20.10.2000), включающи восстановление глинозема углеродсодержащим материалом и последующее выделение алюминия на катоде, в качестве углеродсодержащего материала используют графит, перед восстановлением глинозем смешивают с графитом, восстановление осуществляют при нагреве посредством высокочастотных индукторов до спекания и расплавления смеси с использованием смеси в качестве анода. A method for producing aluminum is known (RU 2157856 C2, published 20.10.2000), which includes the reduction of alumina with a carbon-containing material and the subsequent separation of aluminum at the cathode; the carbon-containing material used is graphite, before reduction, alumina is mixed with graphite, reduction is carried out by heating using high-frequency inductors until the mixture sinters and melts, using the mixture as an anode.
Недостатком известного способа является первоначальное получение карбида алюминия и его разложение при очень высоких температурах, что снижает как очистку алюминия, так и снижает экономические показатели процесса. The disadvantage of the known method is the initial production of aluminum carbide and its decomposition at very high temperatures, which reduces both the purification of aluminum and reduces the economic indicators of the process.
Известен способ получения алюминия, раскрытый в статье Плахута В. В., Производство алюминия, новая технология, Вопросы наукм, 19.08.2017 августа 2017, прототип (https://portalus.ru/modules/science/print.php?subaction=showfull&id=1503156694&archive=&st art from=&ucat=& ) Известный способ основан на карботермическом восстановлении алюминия по известному способу представляет собой альтернативный процесс получения алюминия, использующий химическую реакцию восстановления в реакторе. Карботермические процессы требуют гораздо меньшего физического пространства, чем процесс электролитического восстановления Хола-Эру, Процесс получения алюминия карботермическим восстановлением приводит к уменьшению потребления электроэнергии. Полученные оценки говорят, что карботермический процесс понижает потребность в энергии более чем на 30 %. Карботермический процесс получения алюминия, кроме того, значительно снижает выбросы в атмосферу перфторуглеродов. A method for producing aluminum is known, disclosed in the article by Plakhut V. V., Aluminum production, new technology, Voprosy naukm, 19.08.2017 August 2017, prototype (https://portalus.ru/modules/science/print.php?subaction=showfull&id=1503156694&archive=&st art from=&ucat=& ) The known method is based on the carbothermic reduction of aluminum according to the known method is an alternative process for producing aluminum using a chemical reduction reaction in a reactor. Carbothermic processes require much less physical space than the Hola-Heroult electrolytic reduction process. The process of producing aluminum by carbothermic reduction leads to a decrease in electricity consumption. The estimates obtained indicate that the carbothermic process reduces energy requirements by more than 30%. The carbothermic process for producing aluminum, in addition, significantly reduces emissions of perfluorocarbons into the atmosphere.
По мнению многих авторов метод электротермического восстановления перспективнее электролизного, поскольку он базируется на переработке алюмосиликатного сырья которого значительно больше, чем бокситов, требует меньших затрат на подготовку сырья. В то же время способ электротермического восстановления обладает рядом недостатков, которые сдерживают его широкое применение. Наблюдается повышенное образование карбида алюминия, жидких шлаков, нарушение динамики шихты и продуктов восстановления, Кроме этого, необходимость добавок окислов кремния или железа для предотвращения образования карбида алюминия, в стандартной технологии карботермического восстановления алюминия из окисла, требует дополнительных технологий отделения алюминия от других компонентов получаемого сплава при необходимости получения чистого алюминия. According to many authors, the electrothermal reduction method is more promising than the electrolysis method, since it is based on the processing of aluminosilicate raw materials, which are much more abundant than bauxites, and requires lower costs for raw material preparation. At the same time, the electrothermal reduction method has a number of disadvantages that hinder its widespread use. There is an increased formation of aluminum carbide, liquid slags, disruption of the dynamics of the charge and reduction products, In addition, the need to add silicon or iron oxides to prevent the formation of aluminum carbide in the standard technology of carbothermal reduction of aluminum from oxide requires additional technologies for separating aluminum from other components of the resulting alloy when it is necessary to obtain pure aluminum.
В указанной статье раскрывается новый способа получения алюминия, заключающийся следующем. The article in question discloses a new method for producing aluminum, which consists of the following.
Восстановление алюминия осуществляют не углеродом, а окисью углерода. Известно, что окись углерода СО в отличии от элементарного углерода является более активным восстановителем. Окись углерода производят в специальном внешним газогенераторе, который далее подают в под электролизёра. А для увеличения времени контакта окиси углерода с расплавом шихты в электролизёре устанавливают ряд тарелок с углублением в нижней части, для задержки движения газа СО. Тарелки устанавливаются на подставки, закрепленные в угольной подине ванны. Тарелки и подставки изготавливаются из огнеупорного, химически стойкого, не электропроводного материала, например, карбида кремния. При этом высота электролизёра увеличивается до 0,8 м, Процесс осуществляют следующим способом. В ванную, футерованную углеродистой массой или графитовыми блоками, загружают криолит, расплавляют его в дуговом режиме и доводят до жидкотекучего состояния. Затем в ванну загружают шихту, состоящую из смеси оксидов алюминия и кремния. Совместное восстановление оксидов алюминия и кремния осуществляют при температуре 1000-1100°С, включающее формирование реакционного объема расплава на основе фторидов металлов, наложение на расплав постоянного электрического тока. Графитовые электроды, погруженные в расплав, восстанавливают растворенные в расплаве криолиты оксида алюминия и кремния при постоянном токе 50-100 кА. Параллельно идёт восстановление оксидов алюминия и кремния окисью углерода. Aluminum is reduced not by carbon, but by carbon monoxide. It is known that carbon monoxide CO, unlike elemental carbon, is a more active reducing agent. Carbon monoxide is produced in a special external gas generator, which is then fed into the electrolyzer. And to increase the contact time of carbon monoxide with the molten charge, a number of plates with a recess in the lower part are installed in the electrolyzer to delay the movement of CO gas. The plates are installed on supports fixed in the carbon bottom of the bath. The plates and supports are made of refractory, chemically resistant, non-conductive material, for example, silicon carbide. In this case, the height of the electrolyzer increases to 0.8 m. The process is carried out in the following way. Cryolite is loaded into the bath, lined with carbon mass or graphite blocks, melted in the arc mode and brought to a liquid state. Then the batch consisting of a mixture of aluminum and silicon oxides is loaded into the bath. The combined reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides is carried out at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C, including the formation of a reaction volume of melt based on metal fluorides, the application of direct electric current to the melt. Graphite electrodes immersed in the melt reduce the cryolites of aluminum and silicon oxide dissolved in the melt at a direct current of 50-100 kA. In parallel, the reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides with carbon monoxide occurs.
AL2O3 + 3 СО = 2 AL + 3 СО2 AL2O3 + 3 CO = 2 AL + 3 CO2
Si 02 + 2 СО = Si + 2СО2 Образующийся металлический сплав опускается на подину печи. Поскольку в расплаве отсутствует свободный углерод, образование карбида алюминия не происходит. Si 02 + 2 CO = Si + 2CO2 The resulting metal alloy descends to the furnace bottom. Since there is no free carbon in the melt, aluminum carbide does not form.
Раскрытый выше способ не обеспечивает достаточную полноту восстановления вследствие проведения барботажного процесса и сложной конструкции увеличения времени контакта шихты с дутьевым газом. The method disclosed above does not provide sufficient completeness of recovery due to the bubbling process and the complex design of increasing the contact time of the charge with the blast gas.
РАСКРЫТИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
Задачей заявленного изобретения является разработка способа утилизации шламовых отходов алюминиевого производства который является более простым в реализации технологического процесса получения алюминия, в нем отсутствуют вредные примеси, загрязняющие атмосферу, что улучшает экологию, отсутствие добавок в процессе восстановления повышает чистоту алюминия, кроме того, за счет непрерывности процесса производительность получения алюминия будет достаточно высокой. The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for recycling sludge waste from aluminum production that is simpler in the implementation of the technological process of obtaining aluminum, it does not contain harmful impurities that pollute the atmosphere, which improves the environment, the absence of additives in the recovery process increases the purity of aluminum, in addition, due to the continuity of the process, the productivity of aluminum production will be quite high.
Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение эффективности восстановления алюминия. The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of aluminum recovery.
Указанный технический результат достигается за счет того, что способ обезвреживания и утилизации шламовых отходов алюминиевого производства включает термическое восстановление оксидных форм алюминия, кремния железа, меди, восстанавливающихся при обработке оксидом углерода из расплава шихты. При этом подготовленную шихту из оксидов металлов обрабатывают в газлифтной печи при постоянной циркуляции расплава шихты через выгороженные плавильную, газлифтную и отстойную камеры при температуре 1000-1100°С. Кроме того, указанный технический эффект достигается за счёт того, что для поддержания температурного режима печи в отстойной камере устанавливают электроды постоянного тока с функцией дополнительного восстановления металлов путём электрохимических процессов. Указанный технический эффект достигается также тем, что отходящие из печи технологические газы охлаждают до температуры 600 - 800°С, очищают от посторонних примесей и направляют для генерации оксида углерода в газогенератор и далее в газлифтную печь в качестве дутьевых газов с исключением выбросов технологических газов в атмосферу. The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method for rendering harmless and utilizing sludge waste from aluminum production includes thermal reduction of oxide forms of aluminum, silicon, iron, copper, which are reduced during processing with carbon oxide from the melt of the charge. In this case, the prepared charge of metal oxides is processed in a gas-lift furnace with constant circulation of the melt of the charge through fenced off melting, gas-lift and settling chambers at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C. In addition, the specified technical effect is achieved due to the fact that in order to maintain the temperature regime of the furnace, direct current electrodes with the function are installed in the settling chamber. additional reduction of metals by electrochemical processes. The specified technical effect is also achieved by the fact that the process gases leaving the furnace are cooled to a temperature of 600 - 800 °C, cleaned of foreign impurities and sent to generate carbon monoxide in the gas generator and then to the gas lift furnace as blast gases, eliminating emissions of process gases into the atmosphere.
ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Заявленный способ осуществляют следующим способом. В печь загружают расчётное количество смеси, содержащей сплав алюминия и криолита (или отработанный электролит электролизных ванн), расплавляют указанную смесь до жидкотекучего состояния при помощи углеродсодержащих электродов постоянного тока, установленных в отстойной зоне печи и поддерживающих температуру в печи 1000-1100°С. Затем из генератора СО через фурмы, установленные в газлифтной камере печи, в указанную расплавленную смесь подают газы, содержащие СО, в качестве дутья, в результате чего в расплаве указанной смеси образуется пеножидкостная фаза указанной расплавленной смеси, которая за счет образованного потока указанных дутьевых газов циркулирует между газлифтной камерой и плавильной камерами печи. Затем в печь загружают шихту, содержащей шламовые отходы алюминиевого производства, (например, отработанный расплав электролизёров) совместно с другими оксидами и криолит. При подаче указанных дутьевых газов при помощи фурм в слое расплава образуется пеножидкостная фаза, содержащая шламовые отходы алюминиевого производства и криолит, которая за счет образованного потока указанных дутьевых газов из газлифтной камеры поступает в газоотделительную камеру, расположенную над газлифтной и плавильными камерами, где пеножидкостная фаза расслаивается на газообразную и жидкую фазы. Газообразная фаза через газоход для удаления газов из газоотделительной камеры удаляется из печи на охлаждение до 600 -800°С, газоочистку и далее в газогенератор и технологический процесс, а жидкая фаза поступает в слой расплава шлака в плавильной камере. В результате обработки указанными дутьевыми газами циркулирующего расплава, содержащего шламовые отходы алюминиевого производства, и криолит происходит совместное восстановление оксидов алюминия и кремния, при температуре 1000-1100°С, формирование реакционного объема расплава на основе фторидов металлов наложением на расплав постоянного электрического тока с использованием указанных выше электродов. Восстановленные оксиды алюминия и кремния отслаиваются от расплава и оседают на дне печи и далее выводятся из печи. Избыток расплава также выводится из печи. The claimed method is implemented in the following way. The calculated amount of a mixture containing an alloy of aluminum and cryolite (or spent electrolyte from electrolysis baths) is loaded into the furnace, the said mixture is melted to a liquid state using carbon-containing DC electrodes installed in the furnace settling zone and maintaining a temperature in the furnace of 1000-1100°C. Then, gases containing CO are fed from a CO generator through tuyeres installed in the furnace gas lift chamber into the said molten mixture as a blast, as a result of which a foam-liquid phase of the said molten mixture is formed in the melt of the said mixture, which circulates between the gas lift chamber and the melting chambers of the furnace due to the formed flow of the said blast gases. Then, a charge containing sludge waste from aluminum production (for example, spent melt from electrolyzers) together with other oxides and cryolite is loaded into the furnace. When the said blast gases are supplied by tuyeres, a foam-liquid phase containing sludge waste from aluminum production and cryolite is formed in the melt layer, which, due to the formed flow of said blast gases, enters the gas-separating chamber located above the gas-lift and melting chambers, where the foam-liquid phase is stratified into gaseous and liquid phases. The gaseous phase is removed from the furnace through a gas duct for removing gases from the gas-separating chamber for cooling to 600-800°C, gas cleaning and then into the gas generator and the technological process, and the liquid phase enters the slag melt layer in the melting chamber. As a result of processing the circulating melt containing aluminum production sludge waste and cryolite with the said blast gases, a joint reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides occurs at a temperature of 1000-1100°C, the formation of a reaction volume of the melt based on metal fluorides by applying direct electric current to the melt using the electrodes specified above. The reduced aluminum and silicon oxides peel off from the melt and settle on the bottom of the furnace and are then removed from the furnace. Excess melt is also removed from the furnace.
Обработка расплава шихты в газлифтной печи с организацией реакционного процесса в газлифте с образованием системы «расплав-газ» в виде пеножидкостного слоя снимает диффузионные ограничения, что обеспечивает более быстрый и полный процесс восстановления металлов. Кроме того, указанный технический эффект достигается тем, что время обработки свежей порцией восстановителя увеличивается за счёт циркуляции расплава шихты через выгороженные плавильную, газлифтную и отстойную камеры. Processing of the melt of the charge in a gas-lift furnace with the organization of the reaction process in the gas lift with the formation of a "melt-gas" system in the form of a foam-liquid layer removes diffusion restrictions, which ensures a faster and more complete process recovery of metals. In addition, the specified technical effect is achieved by the fact that the processing time of a fresh portion of the reducing agent increases due to the circulation of the melted charge through the fenced-off melting, gas-lift and settling chambers.
Изобретение было раскрыто выше со ссылкой на конкретный вариант его осуществления. Для специалистов могут быть очевидны и иные варианты осуществления изобретения, не меняющие его сущности, как оно раскрыта в настоящем описании. Соответственно, изобретение следует считать ограниченным по объему только нижеследующей формулой изобретения. The invention has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment thereof. Other embodiments of the invention may be obvious to those skilled in the art that do not change its essence as disclosed in the present description. Accordingly, the invention should be considered limited in scope only by the following claims.
Claims
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| RU2023128595A RU2023128595A (en) | 2023-11-03 | Method of neutralization and utilization of sludge waste from aluminum production | |
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