SU372746A1 - ELECTRODE - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy and can be used in the production of steel in electric furnaces, the remelting of non-ferrous and iron shavings, and the heating of the head part of large forging ingots.

Combined electrodes are known, in which the working part is made of graphite and the non-working one is made of a metal pipe with channels for supplying gas and oxygen.

Such electrodes are powered by direct or alternating current and are used in the arc or electroslag process. When steel is melted in arc furnaces, during the melting of the charge, the pieces of the charge are often welded and not deposited in a liquid metal bath, which leads to an increase in the melting time of the charge, excessive consumption of electricity, and in some cases to destruction of the furnace hearth and furnace slopes.

When a large-sized mixture is melted, the collapse of heavy pieces can lead to electrode breakage.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the process of melting the charge, reducing power consumption, eliminating the time-consuming operation of pushing the charge with the charge of the charging machine into the wells formed by the electrodes, etc.

For this, the proposed electrode is designed so that its working part — a graphite tip — is made in the form of a hollow cone with holes, into which a fuel-oxygen mixture is fed along the non-working part of the electrode — a water-cooled metal pipe.

As a result, the charge is melted simultaneously by two sources of heat — an electric arc and heat generated during the combustion of the fuel-oxygen mixture.

The drawing shows a cross-section of the described electrode.

The electrode is fastened with a collar 1 to an electric holder 2, which can be moved vertically in column 5. From the power source (not shown), the flexible cable 4, the red copper bus 5 and the red copper ring 6 are energized. Oxygen is supplied to cavity 7, and gas is supplied to cavity 8. Cavities 9 and 10 serve to cool the burner with running water. A graphite cone-shaped hollow tip 12 is screwed onto the nozzle, and provided with holes 13, which are located at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon. The diameter of the holes and their number is selected depending on the consumption of the fuel-oxygen mixture.

The described electrode operates as follows. After the furnace is loaded with a fine cloth and large scrap, electrodes are lowered into the furnace,

include a small amount of fuel-oxygen mixture and set it on fire.

After the graphite tip is heated and the fuel-oxygen mixture spontaneously ignites in the tip cavity, the consumption of the fuel-oxygen mixture is adjusted to the desired value. At the same time, the products of combustion and heated to a high temperature, the fuel-oxygen mixture leaves through the nozzles of the nozzle, forming torches at the outlet, the heat of which is spent on heating and melting the charge.

After the mixture is heated to a temperature close to the melting point, the power supply is turned on and melted at elevated voltage.

In order to reduce the fusion of alloying elements and evaporation of the metal, after initiating the arc, oxygen consumption is reduced. In the oxidative melting period, the gas supply is completely shut off, and the oxygen supply is increased.

Subject invention

Electrode for electric furnaces, consisting of a water cooled steel pipe with channels

for supplying gas and oxygen and a graphite tip, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption, the graphite tip is made in the form of a hollow cone with holes in the walls, into the internal cavity of which channels for supplying gas and oxygen are drawn.