WO2025072781A1 - Methods of low power wake up signal resource determination based on measured quality - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods for two-level low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) resource selection include receiving configuration of: a measurement resource, an upload resource, a first LP-WUS resource and two or more LP-WUS signal structures, wherein each LP-WUS signal structure is associated with a respective activation threshold, and time and frequency resources for a second LP-WUS resource; measuring the measurement resource and receiving a first LP-WUS in a first LP-WUS resource; determining a quality of the measurement resource and of the first LP-WUS; selecting a LP-WUS signal structure for a second LP-WUS which satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure; transmitting an indication of the selected LP-WUS signal structure; activating the second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated LP-WUS signal structure; monitoring and detecting a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource. Where the second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource is received, monitoring a physical downlink control channel.

Description

METHODS OF LOW POWER WAKE UP SIGNAL RESOURCE DETERMINATION BASED ON MEASURED QUALITY

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63/541 ,538, filed September 29, 2023, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

SUMMARY

[0002] Described methods for low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring implemented in a WTRU include: receiving a configuration of: a measurement resource, an uplink (UL) resource, a first low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) resource and two or more LP-WUS signal structures, wherein each LP-WUS signal structure is associated with a respective activation threshold, and time and frequency resources for a second LP-WUS resource; measuring the measurement resource and receiving a first LP-WUS in a first LP-WUS resource; determining a quality of the measurement resource and of the first LP-WUS; selecting a LP-WUS signal structure for a second LP-WUS which satisfies a respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure; transmitting an indication of the selected LP-WUS signal structure; activating the second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated LP-WUS signal structure; monitoring and detecting a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource; and in a case where the second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource is received, monitoring PDCCH. Additionally/alternatively, the measurement resource may be LP-SS and the measured quality of the measurement resource is RSRP. Additionally/ alternatively, the quality may be received energy or detected correlation. Additionally/alternatively, the selecting of an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS may be performed when the LP-SS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. Additionally/alternatively, the selecting of an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS may be performed the first LP-WUS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. Additionally/alternatively, the selecting of an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS may be performed when a combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. Additionally/alternatively, the combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP- WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated when the first LP-WUS equals a first coefficient times the measured LP-SS RSRP plus a second coefficient times the measured first LP-WUS RSRP. [0003] In further embodiments, a WTRU includes: a low-power receiver; a transceiver; and a processor, wherein: the transceiver is configured to: receive a configuration of: a measurement resource, an upload (UL) resource, a first low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) resource and two or more LP-WUS signal structures, wherein each LP-WUS signal structure is associated with a respective activation threshold, and time and frequency resources for a second LP-WUS resource; the processor is configured to measure the measurement resource and the low-power resource is configured to receive a first LP-WUS in a first LP-WUS resource; the processor is configured to: determine a quality of the measurement resource and of the first LP-WUS, and select a LP-WUS signal structure for a second LP-WUS which satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure; the transceiver is configured to transmit an indication of the selected LP-WUS signal structure; the processor is configured to activate the second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated LP-WUS signal structure, monitor and detect a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource; and in a case where the second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource is received, the processor is configured to monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). Additionally/alternatively, the measurement resource is LP-SS and the measured quality of the measurement resource is RSRP. Additionally/alternatively, the quality is received energy or detected correlation. Additionally/alternatively, the processor is configured to select an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP- WUS when the LP-SS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. Additionally/alternatively, the processor is configured to select an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP- WUS when the first LP-WUS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. Additionally/alternatively, the processor is configured to select an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP- WUS when a combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. Additionally/alternatively, the combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated when the first LP-WUS equals a first coefficient times the measured LP-SS RSRP plus a second coefficient times the measured first LP-WUS RSRP.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals in the figures indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0005] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0006] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment;

[0007] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (ON) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment; [0008] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment;

[0009] FIG. 2 is a simplified receiver architecture of a WTRU utilizing low-power wake-up receiver;

[0010] FIG. 3 is an example of on off keying with a single bit in one OFDM symbol;

[0011] FIG. 4 is an example of on off keying using multiple-bits using frequency domain multiplexing in one OFDM symbol;

[0012] FIG. 5 is an example of on off keying using multi-tone single bit OOK;

[0013] FIG. 6 is an example of on off keying using multiple bits using time domain multiplexing in one OFDM symbol;

[0014] FIG. 7 is an exemplary flow chart according to embodiments described herein;

[0015] FIG. 8 is an exemplary flow chart according to embodiments described herein; and

[0016] FIG. 9 is an exemplary flow chart according to embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and/or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and/or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a station (STA), may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (WTRU), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a WTRU.

[0019] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and/or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and/or network elements.

[0020] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and/or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like. The base station 114a and/or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and/or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and/or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0021] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0022] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and/or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and/or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA). [0023] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and/or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0024] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0025] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and/or transmissions sent to/from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0026] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0027] The base station 114b in FIG. 1A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as I EEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0028] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and/or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and/or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and/or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0029] The CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and/or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and/or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and/or wireless communications networks owned and/or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0030] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g , the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0031] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit/receive element 122, a speaker/microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display/touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and/or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0032] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit/receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0033] The transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit/receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and/or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit/receive element 122 may be an emitter/detector configured to transmit and/or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit/receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and/or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0034] Although the transmit/receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit/receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit/receive elements 122 (e.g. , multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0035] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit/receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit/receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.

[0036] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker/microphone 124, the keypad 126, and/or the display/touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and/or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown)

[0037] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and/or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickelcadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0038] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g , longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and/or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment. [0039] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and/or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and/or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and/or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and/or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor and the like.

[0040] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and/or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the DL (e.g., for reception)).

[0041] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the ON 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the ON 106.

[0042] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. [0043] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface. [0044] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator. [0045] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation/deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and/or WCDMA.

[0046] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to/from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0047] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0048] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers.

[0049] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0050] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0051] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired/wireless network that carries traffic in to and/or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and/or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad-hoc” mode of communication.

[0052] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) may be implemented, for example in 802.11 systems. For CSMA/CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed/detected and/or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0053] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0054] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and/or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and/or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC)

[0055] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.1 1ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11 n, and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control/Machine-Type Communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and/or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0056] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11 ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and/or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and/or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and/or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the available frequency bands remains idle.

[0057] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0058] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0059] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and/or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and/or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and/or gNB 180c).

[0060] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and/or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and/or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and/or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0061] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and/or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with/connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with/connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and/or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0062] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and/or DL, support of network slicing, DC, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0063] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and/or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0064] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and/or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi

[0065] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IPbased, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like. [0066] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0067] The ON 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g. , an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and/or wireless networks that are owned and/or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0068] In view of FIGs. 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and/or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and/or to simulate network and/or WTRU functions.

[0069] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and/or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and/or deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and/or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0070] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented/deployed as part of a wired and/or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and/or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and/or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and/or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and/or receive data.

[0071] The following abbreviations may be used herein.

Af Sub-carrier spacing gNB NR NodeB

AP Aperiodic

BFR Beam Failure Recovery

BFD-RS Beam Failure Detection-Reference Signal

BLER Block Error Rate

BWP Bandwidth Part

CA Carrier Aggregation

CB Contention-Based (e.g. access, channel, resource)

CCA Clear Channel Assessment

CDM Code Division Multiplexing

CG Cell Group

CLI Cross-Link Interference

CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point transmission/reception

COT Channel Occupancy Time

CP Cyclic Prefix

CPE Common Phase Error

CP-OFDM Conventional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix)

CQI Channel Quality Indicator

CN Core Network (e.g. LTE packet core or NR core)

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CSI Channel State Information

CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal

CU Central Unit

D2D Device to Device transmissions (e.g. LTE Sidelink)

DC Dual Connectivity

DCI Downlink Control Information

DL Downlink

DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal

DRB Data Radio Bearer

DU Distributed Unit EN-DC E-UTRA - NR Dual Connectivity

EPC Evolved Packet Core

FD-CDM Frequency Domain-Code Division Multiplexing

FDD Frequency Division Duplexing

FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing

FSK Frequency Shift Keying

ICI Inter-Cell Interference

ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation

IP Internet Protocol

LBT Listen-Before-Talk

LCH Logical Channel

LCID Logical Channel Identity

LCP Logical Channel Prioritization

LLC Low Latency Communications

LP-WUS Low Power Wake-Up Signal

LP-WUR Low Power Wake-Up Receiver

LTE Long Term Evolution e.g. from 3GPP LTE R8 and up

MAC Medium Access Control

MAC CE Medium Access Control Control Element

NACK Negative ACK

MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast System

MCG Master Cell Group

MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

MR Main Radio

MTC Machine-Type Communications

MR-DC Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity

NAS Non-Access Stratum

NCB-RS New candidate beam-Reference Signal

NE-DC NR-RAN - E-UTRA Dual Connectivity NR New Radio

NR-DC Dual Connectivity with NR

OCC Orthogonal Cover Code

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access

OOB Out-Of-Band (emissions)

OOK On Off Keying

P_Cmax Total available WTR power in a given transmission interval

Pcell Primary cell of Master Cell Group

PCG Primary Cell Group

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PER Packet Error Rate

PHY Physical Layer

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PLR Packet Loss Rate

PRACH Physical Random-Access Channel

PRB Physical Resource Block

PRI PUCCH Resource Indicator

PRS Positioning Reference Signal

Pscell Primary cell of a Secondary cell group

PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

PT-RS Phase Tracking-Reference Signal

QoS Quality of Service (from the physical layer perspective)

RAB Radio Access Bearer

RAN PA Radio Access Network Paging Area

RACH Random Access Channel (or procedure)

RAR Random Access Response

RAT Radio Access Technology

RB Resource Block

RCU Radio access network Central Unit RF Radio Front end

RE Resource Element

RLF Radio Link Failure

RLM Radio Link Monitoring

RNTI Radio Network Identifier

RO Random Access Occasion

ROM Read-Only Mode (for MBMS)

RRC Radio Resource Control

RRM Radio Resource Management

RS Reference Signal

RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality

RTT Round-Trip Time

SBFD Subband non-overlapping full duplex

SC Sub-carrier

SCG Secondary Cell Group

SOMA Single Carrier Multiple Access

SOS Sub-Carrier Spacing

SDU Service Data Unit

SOM Spectrum Operation Mode

SP Semi-persistent

SpCell Primary cell of a master or secondary cell group.

SRB Signaling Radio Bearer

SS Synchronization Signal

SRS Sounding Reference Signal

SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal

SUL Supplementary UpLink

SWG Switching Gap (in a self-contained subframe)

TB Transport Block

TBS Transport Block Size TCI Transmission Configuration Index

TDD Time-Division Duplexing

TDM Time-Division Multiplexing

Tl Time Interval (in integer multiple of one or more symbols)

TTI Transmission Time Interval (in integer multiple of one or more symbols)

TRP Transmission / Reception Point

TRPG Transmission / Reception Point Group

TRS Tracking Reference Signal

TRx Transceiver

UL Uplink

URC Ultra-Reliable Communications

URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications

V2X Vehicular communications

WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks and related technologies (IEEE 8O2.xx domain)

XDD Cross Division Duplex

[0072] Low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring has the potential to reduce power consumption of WTRUs. In embodiments, this may be achieved by using a separate ultra-low power consumption receiver which may monitor wakeup signals (WUSs) and trigger a main radio (MR) dedicated for data and control signal transmission/reception as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows a WTRU 210 comprising a wake-up radio receiver and 212, a main radio receiver 213. In embodiments the wake-up radio receiver may receive a low power wake up signal 201 and the main radio receiver may receive a main radio signal 202. The baseband processor 214 may process raw signals from the wake up receiver and from the main signal receiver 213. The application processor 216 may not run until a wake up signal has been processed and determined to be valid.

[0073] LP-WUS and receiver for NR may include a deep sleep state for the main radio 213 while the WTRU is in RRC IDLE, RRC INACTIVE and RRC CONNECTED modes.

[0074] In embodiments, LP-WUS monitoring may be supported with multiple signal structures and waveforms considering different application and WTRU implementations. For example, on-off keying (OOK) and OFDMA may be used as OOK provides low power consumption and simple WTRU implementations, whereas OFDMA may provide better coverage and coexistence. OFDMA receivers may reuse existing an NR synchronization signal, but in embodiments an OOK receiver may need additional synchronization signal for LP-WUS. In addition, advanced implantations of LP-WUS may maintain timing related information even for off state with more power consumption, but low implementations may experience larger activation latency and residual frequency but with low power consumption during the off state. [0075] Embodiments are described herein for a WTRU to support multiple capabilities for LP-WUS considering coverage and other WTRUs.

[0076] Common terminology used throughout the descriptions herein is described below.

[0077] A beam is described herein. A WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter. The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving an RS (such as CSI-RS) or a SS block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source". In such case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0078] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (or “source”), respectively. In such case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the first (target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0079] A spatial relation may be implicit, configured by RRC or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, a WTRU may implicitly transmit PUSCH and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0080] The WTRU may receive a first (target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least when the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state. A WTRU may be provided an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and/or signaled by MAC CE. Such indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0081] TRP, MTRP, M-TRP are described herein. Hereafter, a TRP (e.g., transmission and reception point) may be interchangeably used with one or more of TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), RRH (radio remote head), DA (distributed antenna), BS (base station), a sector (of a BS), and a cell (e.g., a geographical cell area served by a BS). Hereafter, Multi-TRP may be interchangeably used with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, but still consistent with this invention. [0082] CSI components are described herein. A WTRU may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel used for reception at the WTRU (such as a panel identity or group identity), measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g. cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-lndex-RSRP, ssb- Index-SINR), and other channel state information such as at least rank indicator (Rl), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), Layer Index (LI), and/or the like.

[0083] Channel and/or Interference Measurements are described herein. A WTRU may receive a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block. The SS/PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode an SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell switching, and so forth.

[0084] A WTRU may measure and report the channel state information (CSI), wherein the CSI for each connection mode may include or be configured with one or more of following: CSI Report Configuration, including one or more of the following: CSI report quantity, e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (Rl), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Layer Indicator (LI), etc.; CSI report type, e.g., aperiodic, semi persistent, periodic; CSI report codebook configuration, e.g., Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc.; CSI report frequency; CSI-RS Resource Set, including one or more of the following CSI Resource settings; NZP-CSI-RS Resource for channel measurement; NZP- CSI-RS Resource for interference measurement; CSI-IM Resource for interference measurement; NZP CSI-RS Resources, including one or more of the following: NZP CSI-RS Resource ID, Periodicity and offset, QCL Info and TCI- state, and Resource mapping, e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0085] A WTRU may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included in reference signal (s) measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may also be included.

[0086] A) SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective synchronization signal. In measuring the RSRP, power scaling for the reference signals may be required. In case SS-RSRP is used for L1-RSRP, the measurement may be accomplished based on CSI reference signals in addition to the synchronization signals.

[0087] B) CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective CSI-RS. The CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within measurement resources for the configured CSI-RS occasions. [0088] C). SS signal-to-noise and interference ration (SS-SINR) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case SS-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0089] D) CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case CSI-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers. Otherwise, the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.

[0090] E) Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)

[0091] F) Cross-Layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and nonserving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)

[0092] G) Sounding reference signals RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective SRS

[0093] H) Secondary synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) may be measured based on measurements on the reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of NxSS-RSRP I NR carrier RSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. As such, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0094] I) CSI reference signal received quality (CSI-RSRQ) may be measured based on measurements on the reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of NxCSI-RSRP I CSIRSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. As such, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0095] In embodiments, a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfigs) may be associated with a single BWP (e.g., indicated by BWP-ld), wherein one or more of the following parameters are configured: CSI-RS resources and/or CSI-RS resource sets for channel and interference measurement; CSI-RS report configuration type including the periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic; CSI-RS transmission periodicity for periodic and semi-persistent CSI reports; CSI-RS transmission slot offset for periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic CSI reports; CSI-RS transmission slot offset list for semi- persistent and aperiodic CSI reports; Time restrictions for channel and interference measurements Report frequency band configuration (wideband/subband CQI, PMI , etc.); Thresholds and modes of calculations for the reporting quantities (CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, Rl, etc.); Codebook configuration; Group based beam reporting; CQI table; Subband size; Non-PMI port indication; and Port Index.

[0096] In embodiments, a CSI-RS Resource Set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and CSI-ResourceConfig), wherein a WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following in a CSI-RS Resource: CSI-RS periodicity and slot offset for periodic and semi-persistent CSI-RS Resources; CSI-RS resource mapping to define the number of CSI-RS ports, density, CDM-type, OFDM symbol, and subcarrier occupancy; The bandwidth part to which the configured CSI-RS is allocated; and The reference to the TCI-State including the QCL source RS(s) and the corresponding QCL type(s).

[0097] In embodiments, one or more of following configurations may be used for an RS resource set: A WTRU may be configured with one or more RS resource sets: The RS resource set configuration may include one or more of following: RS resource set ID; One or more RS resources for the RS resource set; Repetition (i.e., on or off); Aperiodic triggering offset (e.g., one of 0-6 slots); TRS info (e.g., true or not)

[0098] In embodiments, one or more of following configurations may be used for and RS resource: A WTRU may be configured with one or more RS resources; The RS resource configuration may include one or more of following: RS resource ID; Resource mapping (e.g., REs in a PRB); Power control offset (e.g., one value of -8, ..., 15); Power control offset with SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 Db); Scrambling ID; Periodicity and offset; and QCL information (e.g., based on a TCI state).

[0099] In embodiments, a property of a grant or assignment may consist of at least one of the following: A frequency allocation; An aspect of time allocation, such as a duration; A priority; A modulation and coding scheme; A transport block size; A number of spatial layers; A number of transport blocks; A TCI state, CRI or SRI; A number of repetitions; Whether the repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; Whether the grant is a configured grant type 1 , type 2 or a dynamic grant; Whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (configured) assignment; A configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index; A periodicity of a configured grant or assignment; A channel access priority class (CAPC); Any parameter provided in a DCI, by MAC or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.

[0100] In embodiments, an indication by DCI may consist of at least one of the following: An explicit indication by a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask or scramble the CRC of the DCI; An implicit indication by a property such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, Aggregation Level, first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of first Control Channel Element), where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC;

[0101] In embodiments, receiving or monitoring for a DCI with or using an RNTI may mean that the CRC of the DCI is masked or scrambled with the RNTI. [0102] Herein, a signal may be interchangeably used with one or more of following but still consistent with this disclosure: Sounding reference signal (SRS); Channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS);Demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); Phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); Synchronization signal block (SSB)

[0103] Herein, a channel may be interchangeably used with one or more of following, but still consistent with this disclosure: Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); Physical random access channel (PRACH)

[0104] Herein, a signal, channel, and message (e.g., as in DL or UL signal, channel, and message) may be used interchangeably, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0105] Herein, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port and RS port group, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0106] Herein, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, and DM-RS, TRS, PRS, and PTRS, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0107] Herein, time instance, slot, symbol, and subframe may be used interchangeably, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0108] Herein, the terms SSB, SS/PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and MIB may be used interchangeably, and still consistent with this disclosure.

[0109] Herein, the proposed solutions for beam resources prediction may be used for beam resources belonging to a single or multiple cells as well as single or multiple TRPs, and still consistent with this disclosure.

[0110] Herein, CSI reporting may be interchangeably used with CSI measurement, beam reporting and beam measurement, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0111] Herein, a RS resource set may be interchangeably used with a beam group, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0112] In embodiments described herein, one or more of the following waveforms may be used for generation of LP- WUS.

[0113] On-off keying (OOK) embodiments for LP-WUS are described herein. With respect to FIGs. 3-6, K may be the size of IFFT of CP-OFDMA, N may be number of sub-channels (SCs) used by LP-WUS including potential guard-bands.

[0114] An example of a first embodiment, termed “Option OOK-1,” herein is described in FIG 3. (wideband transmission): the LP-WUS SC frequency band is shown as 302, while the NR frequency band is shown as 304 with SC K-1 shown as 306). OOK= 1 may mean all SCs are modulated. OCK=0 may mean all SCs are zero power (from baseband point of view). In this figure, iFFT is shown as 320.

[0115] An example of a second embodiment, termed “Option OOK-2,” herein, is described in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows a parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain, N SCs of LP-WUS (e.g. SC#0 412, SC#1 410) may be further separated into M segments (M=2 in FIG. 4, i.e. 402, 402). In this figure, iFFT is shown as 420 and the SCs are shown as SC#0412, SC#1 410 ... SC#K-1 408. The NR frequency band is shown as 406. In embodiments guard-bands may be established inbetween and/or around the M segments. In embodiments, OOK=1 may mean all SCs in a segment are modulated (shown as 422). OOK=0 may mean all SCs in segment are zero power (shown as 424) (from base-band point of view).

[0116] An example of a third embodiment, termed “Option OOK-3,” is described in FIG. 5, which depicts a multi-tone single-bit OOK. N SCs of LP-WUS may be separated into L segments (L=2 in FIG. 5, e.g. 504, 506) without guard-bands in-between segments. In embodiments, guard bands may be established around these segments. In embodiments OOK=1 may mean one sub-carrier (known by the WTRU) of each segment (as shown by signals 524, 522) is modulated, while the rest of the SC is zero power (from base-band point of view). OOK=0 may mean all SCs in all segments are zero power (from base-band point of view). ). In this figure, iFFT is shown as 520 and the SCs are shown as SC#0 512, SC#1 410 ... SC#K-1 508.

[0117] An example of a fourth embodiment, termed “Option OOK-4,” is described in FIG. 6, which describes a transform M-bit OOK in the time domain. In the example M4, shown 1001 at 602. In embodiments, N SCs of OOK-1 (612) may be generated by a transformation (DFT/Least square 606). N' samples may be generated from M-bits. Signal modification may or may not be used. In embodiments, truncation or other additional modification (608) may or may not be used, if not used, N may be the same as N’. N' may be the same as K. The resulting OFDM signal is shown at 622. In this figure, IFFT is shown as 620 and the SCs are shown as SC#0 616, SC#1 614 ... SC#K-1 618.

[0118] FSK embodiments for LP-WUS signaling are described herein.

[0119] In an embodiment termed herein “Option FSK-1 N SCs of LP-WUS may be separated to M pairs of segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Segment may comprise one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. In a pair of segments one segment may be modulated, other segment may be zero power (from base-band point of view).

[0120] In an embodiment termed herein “Option FSK-2,” N SCs of LP-WUS may be separated to 2^AM segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Segment may comprise one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs; one segment from 2^AM segments may be modulated, other segments of SCs may be zero power (from base-band point of view).

[0121] Embodiments employing CP-OFDM (OFDMA) are described herein. In embodiments, OFDM based modulated symbols and/or sequences (e.g., PSS and/or SSS sequences) may be used for CP-OFDM (OFDMA) based LP-WUS.

[0122] Embodiments involving hybrid waveforms are described herein. In an example, a hybrid waveform may be used for LP-WUS generation. For example, a combination of OOK and OFDMA may be used by applying OFDM sequence on the top of OOK modulation. In another example, a combination of OOK and FSK may be used.

[0123] Examples of embodiments for WTRU behavior after receiving LP-WUS (which may be by any of the abovedescribed signaling methods) is described herein. [0124] In embodiments, a WTRU may be configured with one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations. Monitoring configurations may include, for example: a monitoring type (e.g., continuous or duty cycled), a monitoring window (periodicity and/or offset), LP-WUS bandwidth, Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS) configuration. In embodiments, if the WTRU receives/detects one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may apply one or more of the following procedures after receiving/detecting one or more LP-WUSs.

[0125] In embodiments, if the WTRU receives/detects one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may monitor PDCCH. In embodiments, the WTRU may wake up (e.g., activate main radio (MR) and/or deactivate low power wake-up receiver (LP- WUR)) and start monitoring of PDCCH (e.g., for paging).

[0126] In embodiments, if the WTRU receives/detects one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may apply an update of SI based on the received LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU may apply one or more indicated sets of SI (e.g., by LP-WUS) after receiving the one or more LP-WUSs. In another example, the WTRU may receive updated SI (e.g., via LP-WUSs and/or PDSCHs after activating MR).

[0127] In embodiments, if the WTRU receives/detects one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may apply update of paging related information based on the received LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU may apply one or more indicated sets of paging related information (e.g., by LP-WUS) after receiving the one or more LP-WUSs. In another example, the WTRU may receive updated paging related information (e.g., via LP-WUSs and/or PDSCHs after activating MR). If the WTRU does not receive/detect one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may continue monitoring LP-WUS based on the one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations.

[0128] In embodiments, a WTRU may receive a configuration of LP-WUS resource. A LP-WUS resource may be a set of configurations for reception of LP-WUS. For example, a configuration of LP-WUS resource may include one or more of the following:

[0129] A) a sequence ID and/or a scrambling ID. In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a configuration of sequence ID and/or a scrambling ID. For example, the WTRU may receive a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource by using a sequence which is generated by using the sequence ID and/or data which is scrambled by using the scrambling ID.

[0130] B) Signal structure. In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a configuration of signal structure. For example, the WTRU may receive one of support of preamble, preamble length (if configured), message type (e.g., sequence and/or encoded data) and etc..

[0131] C) Waveform. In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a configuration of waveform. For example, the WTRU may receive one of OOK-1, OOK-4, OFDMA or etc. as a waveform of LP-WUS.

[0132] D) Monitoring type. In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a configuration of monitoring type. For example, the WTRU may receive one of continuous monitoring and duty-cycled monitoring. [0133] E) Frequency resources. In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a configuration of frequency resources. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration based on one or more of RBs, subbands, BWPs and etc. to indicate frequency resources for receiving LP-WUS.

[0134] F) Time resources. In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a configuration of time resources. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration based on one or more of periodicity, offsets and etc. The indication of configuration may be based on OFDM symbols, us, slots and etc.

[0135] Embodiments involving two-level LP-WUS are described herein. In embodiments, a WTRU may receive a LP- WUS based on a two-level LP-WUS structure. The two-level LP-WUS structure may include a first LP-WUS and a second LP-WUS. In embodiments, the first LP-WUS may be used to wake up the WTRU (e.g., for receiving a second LP-WUS) with higher coverage. A first LP-WUS resource for the first LP-WUS reception may be configured/received with one or more of more robust waveform (e.g., OOK-1), lower channel coding rate, more number of repetitions (e.g., to achieve higher coverage), less number of segments. In embodiments, the WTRU may monitor/receive the second LP-WUS (e.g., after receiving the first LP-WUS). The monitoring of the second LP-WUS may be based on one or more second LP-WUS resources. The one or more second LP-WUS resources may be configured/received with one or more of a waveform with higher data rate (e.g., OOK-4 or OFDMA), higher channel coding rate, less number of repetitions, more number of segments and etc..

[0136] WTRU capability indication of LP-WUS is described herein. In embodiments, a WTRU may indicate its WTRU capability of supporting LP-WUS. The WTRU capability may indicate one or more of the following:

[0137] A) Supported signal structure type. In embodiments, a WTRU may indicate supported signal structure types. For example, the WTRU may indicate a first signal structure type (e.g., a set of configurations including one or more of whether to support preamble, preamble length (if supported);

[0138] B) Supported waveform. In embodiments, a WTRU may indicate supported waveforms. For example, the WTRU may indicate one or more of above-described options: OOK-1 , OOK-2, OOK-3, OOK-4, FSK-1 , FSK-2, and/or OFDMA.

[0139] C) Low Power Synchronization Signal (LP-SS). In embodiments, the WTRU may indicate whether to support LP-SS and/or minimum configuration of LP-SS. For example, the WTRU may indicate required density, periodicity and etc. of LP-SS.

[0140] D) New Radio Synchronization Signal (NR-SS). In embodiments, the WTRU may indicate whether to support NR-SS and/or minimum configuration of NR-SS. For example, the WTRU may indicate required density, periodicity and etc. of NR-SS.

[0141] E) Activation time. In embodiments, the WTRU may indicate required activation time. The indication may be per signal structure type and/or supported waveform. For example, the WTRU may indicate activation time for each structure type and/or each waveform. In another example, the WTRU may indicate activation time between different structure types and/or different waveforms. For example, the WTRU may indicate first activation time for switching between same structure types/waveforms and second activation time(s) for switching between different structure types/waveforms.

[0142] F) Minimal preamble length. In embodiments, the WTRU may indicate minimal preamble length. The indication may be per signal structure type and/or supported waveform. For example, the WTRU may indicate minimal preamble length for each structure type and/or each waveform.

[0143] G) Support of timing cumulation during off state. In embodiments, the WTRU may indicate whether the WTRU support timing cumulation during its off state. Based on the indication, the WTRU may apply different timing and/or configurations. For example, the WTRU may apply a first activation time if the WTRU supports timing cumulation. If the WTRU apply a second activation time if the WTRU does not support timing cumulation.

[0144] Discussed herein are embodiments comprising two-level LP-WUS with second LP-WUS resource selection based on ID indicated by a first LP-WUS resource.

[0145] An example of the following embodiments is illustrated in FIG. 7

[0146] In embodiments, at 710 a WTRU may report WTRU capability of LP-WUS including one or more of supported signal structure type, a minimal preamble length, support of timing cumulation during off state, etc.

[0147] At 712, the WTRU may receive a configuration of a first LP-WUS resource and two or more second LP-WUS resources wherein each second LP-WUS resource is associated with one or more of a first ID (e.g., a group ID, a first group ID or a first part of a WTRU/group ID), a second ID (e.g., a WTRU ID, a second group ID or a second part of a WTRU/group ID), time and frequency resources, periodicity, an offset from the first LP-WUS resource, a preamble length and a signal structure type (e.g., options OOK-1, OOK-4 or OFDMA, as described above herein).

[0148] At 714, the WTRU may receive a first LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource and at 716 decode a first ID from the first LP-WUS.

[0149] If the first ID is associated with a second LP-WUS resource of the two or more second LP-WUS resources, at 718, the WTRU receives a second LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS resource based on the associated configuration for the second LP-WUS resource (e.g., time/frequency resources, signal structure type.).

[0150] At 720, the WTRU may determine a second ID from the second LP-WUS.

[0151] If the determined second ID is the second ID associated with the second LP-WUS resource, at 722, the WTRU may monitor PDCCH associated with paging.

[0152] In embodiments, a WTRU may receive the LP-WUS configuration for example via one or more of: RRC signaling, a MAC CE, DCI, or SI. The configuration may be based on the WTRU capability indication. In embodiments, the LP-WUS configuration may include one or more of the following:

[0153] A) a first LP-WUS resource. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with one or more of signal structure, waveform, monitoring type, frequency resources, and time resources. [0154] B) two or more second LP-WUS resources. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with two or more second LP-WUS resources, wherein each second LP-WUS resource may be associated with one or more of the following: signal structure, in embodiments including whether to support preamble, a preamble length and data type (e.g., sequence or encoded data possibly with CRC); waveform (e.g. signaling options OOK-1, OOK-4 or OFDMA); monitoring type; frequency resources; time resources; a first ID (e.g., a group ID, a first group ID or a first part of a WTRU/group ID); a second ID (e.g., a WTRU ID, a second group ID or a second part of a WTRU/group ID); periodicity; and an offset from the first LP-WUS resource

[0155] In embodiments, the WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a number of configured second LP- WUS resources. For example, if a second LP-WUS resource is configured, the WTRU may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., semi-static determination of a second LP-WUS resource). If two or more second LP-WUS resources are configured, the WTRU may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., dynamic determination of two or more second LP-WUS resources).

[0156] In embodiments, the WTRU may monitor a first LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource (e.g., based on the configured parameters of the first LP-WUS resource including time and frequency resources). If the WTRU receives the first LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource, then the WTRU may decode the first LP-WUS (e.g., the first ID).

[0157] In embodiments, the WTRU may select/determine a second LP-WUS resource based on the received first LP- WUS. In an example, the WTRU may identify a second LP-WUS resource from the configured two or more second LP- WUS resources based on the decoded first ID (e.g., a group ID, a first group ID or a first part of a WTRU/group ID). For example, if the decoded first LP-WUS resource is associated with a second LP-WUS resource among the two or more second LP-WUS resources, the WTRU may monitor the second LP-WUS resource for receiving a second LP-WUS.

[0158] In embodiments, the WTRU may receive second LP-WUS based on the determined/monitored second LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU receives the second LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may decode a second ID from the second LP- WUS. Based on the decoded second ID (e.g., a WTRU ID, a second group ID or a second part of a WTRU/group ID), the WTRU may identify whether the WTRU needs to activate and/or apply the information in the second LP-WUS. For example, if the determined second ID is the second ID associated with the second LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may activate the main radio and may monitor PDCCH associated with paging.

[0159] Embodiments based on explicit LP-WUS resource indication with activation are disclosed herein. An example of the following embodiments is illustrated in FIG 8.

[0160] At 810, a WTRU may report WTRU capability of LP-WUS including one or more of supported signal structure type, a minimal preamble length, support of timing cumulation during off state and etc.

[0161] At 812, the WTRU may receive a configuration of one or more LP-WUS resources wherein each LP-WUS resource is associated with one or more of a group ID, one or more activation times where each activation time may be associated with a signal structure type, a reception timer (or a counter), time and frequency resources, periodicity, a preamble length and a signal structure type wherein one of the one or more LP-WUS resources is a first (e.g., default) LP- WUS resource (e.g., lowest LP-WUS resource ID).

[0162] At 814, the WTRU may receive a first LP-WUS (e.g., default) in a first LP-WUS resource where the first LP- WUS signal indicates a second LP-WUS resource.

[0163] At 816, the WTRU may activate and monitor the second LP-WUS resource after an activation time associated with the second LP-WUS resource (e.g., based on a single associated activation time or an activation time associated with the signal structure type of the first LP-WUS and/or the second LP-WUS)

[0164] At 818, the WTRU may start the reception timer (or the counter) after the activation described with respect to 716.

[0165] If the WTRU receives a second LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS resource before expiration of the reception timer (or the counter), at 820 the WTRU monitors PDCCH associated with paging.

[0166] If the WTRU does not receive the second LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS resource before expiration of the reception timer, the WTRU monitors for a LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource (e.g., another instance of the first LP-WUS resource such as based on its periodicity).

[0167] In embodiments the WTRU may report one or more WTRU capabilities, where the reported WTRU capabilities may include one or more WTRU capabilities regarding LP-WUS operation. The reported WTRU capabilities regarding LP- WUS may include but not limited to one or more of the supported signal structure types, minimum supported preamble length, and supported timing cumulation during off state.

[0168] In embodiments, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via DCI, MAC-CE, RRC) or be configured with one or more configuration information regarding one or more LP-WUS occasions. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a first LP-WUS occasion, a second LP-WUS occasion, and so forth. In an example, the WTRU may receive indications, configurations, and/or be configured with at least one of the configured LP-WUS occasions as the default LP-WUS occasion. For instance, the default LP-WUS occasion may be the first configured LP-WUS occasion, for example with the lowest LP-WUS resources ID. The WTRU may receive indications and/or configurations on the default LP-WUS occasion via one or more signaling, for example, via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, and/or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may receive indications on the default LP-WUS occasion based on a first signal structure type (e.g., OOK or OFDMA).

[0169] In embodiments, the WTRU may receive or be configured with one or more configuration information associated with each of the configured LP-WUS occasions that may include but not be limited to one or more of the following:

[0170] A) Group ID. For example, the WTRU may be configured with the group ID for each of the configured LP-WUS occasions. [0171] B) Signal structure type. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a signal structure type for each of the configured LP-WUS occasions. In an example, the WTRU may be configured with a first signal structure type for a first LP- WUS occasion, a second signal structure type for a second LP-WUS occasion, and so forth.

[0172] C) Activation time. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more activation times, where each activation time may be associated with a signal structure type and/or a configured LP-WUS occasion. In an example, the WTRU may receive an indication to activate a configured LP-WUS occasion, where activation may imply monitoring and trying to detect and/or receive the configured LP-WUS occasion. As such, in embodiments, the WTRU may start to monitor and attempt to detect, and/or receive the configured LP-WUS occasions after the associated configured activation times.

[0173] D) Reception timer (or a counter). For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more timer or counters to be considered for receiving one or more configured LP-WUS occasions.

[0174] E) Time and frequency resources. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more time and frequency resources, where the WTRU may use the configured time and frequency resources to monitor and attempt to detect and/or receive one or more configured LP-WUS occasions.

[0175] F) Periodicity. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more periodicity times where the WTRU may use the configured periodicity to monitor and attempt to detect and/or receive one or more configured LP-WUS occasions.

[0176] G) Preamble and/or Preamble length. For example, in embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with one or more preambles and/or preamble lengths, where the WTRU may use the configured preambles and/or preamble lengths to detect one or more configured LP-WUS occasions.

[0177] It should be noted that the terms LP-WUS occasions and LP-WUS resources may be used interchangeably herein.

[0178] In embodiments, the WTRU may receive or determine it received an LP-WUS occasion successfully or unsuccessfully. In an example, considering a WTRU configured with an LP-WUS occasion with a first signal structure type (e.g., OOK) may use one or more detectors including an envelope detector and/or a preamble detector. The WTRU may use the envelope detector to demodulate the received signal with the first signal structure type (e.g., OOK) to generate pulses (e.g., “1” and “0" pulses). The generated pulses may be used at the preamble detector to determine if they match the configured preamble and the configured preamble length. As such, if the detected pulses match the configured preamble and/or preamble length, the WTRU may determine a successful reception of the configured LP-WUS occasion. As such, the WTRU may wake-up the master radio and may start monitoring the configured PDCCH resources associated with the configured paging. Otherwise, if the detected pulses do not match the configured preamble and/or preamble length, the WTRU may determine an unsuccessful reception of the configured LP-WUS occasion.

[0179] A WTRU may receive one or more first LP-WUS occasions, based on the first one or more time and frequency resources and first configured configurations. [0180] In embodiments, a WTRU may receive an indication and/or configuration to monitor, detect and/or receive a second LP-WUS occasion. In an example, the WTRU may receive the indication and/or configuration after receiving at least one of the configured first LP-WUS occasions and/or based on the received first configured LP-WUS occasion. The WTRU may receive configurations to monitor and attempt to detect one or more second LP-WUS occasions, for at least one of:

[0181] A) A specific transmission. For example, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and attempt to receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions for a specific LP-WUS occasion. For example, the configured specific transmission may be based on a (pre)configured event or an indicated specific LP-WUS occasion.

[0182] B) A time duration (e.g., timer based). For example, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and attempt to detect and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions for a configured time duration. As such, the WTRU may initiate a timer to determine the time duration, during which the WTRU may monitor and attempt to detect one or more second LP-WUS occasions.

[0183] C) A number of transmissions (e.g., counter-based). For example, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and attempt to detect and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions for a configured number of transmissions and/or second LP-WUS occasions. As such, the WTRU may initiate or reset a counter to count the number of second LP-WUS occasions, where the WTRU may increment the counter per each second LP-WUS occasions. The WTRU may monitor and attempt to detect one or more second LP-WUS occasions until the counter has reached the configured maximum count.

[0184] D) Until an indication to deactivate the monitoring is received For example, the WTRU may be configured to monitor and attempt to detect and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions (e.g., for an unlimited time duration), until an indication is received to deactivate the monitoring of the second LP-WUS occasions. In an example, the WTRU may receive the deactivation indication as part of another (e.g., later) first LP-WUS occasion, or as part of a received second LP-WUS occasion. As such, the WTRU may monitor and attempt to detect one or more second LP-WUS occasions until the deactivation indication is received.

[0185] In embodiments, the indication to monitor, detect, and/or receive the second LP-WUS occasions may be for or may apply to at least one of:

[0186] A) Signal structure types. For example, the WTRU may be configured or receive indications and/or configurations on the signal structure types to monitor, detect, and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions.

[0187] B) One or more cells. For example, the WTRU may be configured or receive indications and/or configurations on the one or more cells to monitor, detect, and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions.

[0188] C) One or more transmission priorities. For example, the WTRU may be configured or receive indications and/or configurations on the one or more LP-WUS occasions priorities to monitor, detect, and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions. In an example, the priority levels may be indicated as part of one or more first and/or second LP-WUS occasions. As such, upon detection of each first and/or second LP-WUS occasions, the WTRU may receive an indication on the priority level associated to the second LP-WUS occasions. As such, the WTRU may determine whether to monitor for the second LP-WUS occasions based on the indicated priority level. For example, the WTRU may monitor for the second LP-WUS occasions, only for the first LP-WUS occasions with a first priority and not a second priority, or with an indicated or configured one or more priorities.

[0189] In embodiments, a WTRU may perform one or more of the following: The WTRU may receive one or more first LP-WUS occasions. The WTRU may receive an indication to monitor, detect, and/or receive one or more second LP-WUS occasions. The WTRU ma monitors and attempt to detect and/or receive the configured second LP-WUS occasions for at least one of the transmissions and/or for as long as configured. The WTRU may continue to monitor and try to detect and/or receive the second configured LP-WUS occasions until a time period expires or until another LP-WUS indication is received.

[0190] In embodiments, a WTRU may activate monitoring and attempting to detect and receive one or more configured second LP-WUS occasions following reception of an activation indication and after a configured activation time. For example, the WTRU may receive the activation indication via a received first LP-WUS occasion. In an example, the WTRU may determine the activation time based on an associated configured activation time or an activation time associated with the configured signal structure type of the first LP-WUS and/or the second LP-WUS occasions.

[0191] The WTRU may monitor and attempt to detect and/or receive one or more second LP-WUS occasions, in the configured second LP-WUS time and frequency resources and based on configurations associated with the second LP- WUS occasions. The WTRU may initiate, restart, and/or start a reception timer and/orcounter after activating the monitoring and attempting to detect and/or receive one or more configured second LP-WUS occasions.

[0192] In case the WTRU detects and/or receives a second configured LP-WUS occasion before the expiration of the reception timer and/or counter, the WTRU may wake up the MR and start monitoring the configured PDCCH resources associated with the configured paging. Otherwise, if the WTRU does not detect and/or receive a second configured LP- WUS occasion and if the reception timer and/or counter has expired, the WTRU may stop monitoring for the second configured LP-WUS occasions. As such, the WTRU may fall back to monitoring the first configured LP-WUS occasions based on the configured first LP-WUS time and frequency resources and based on configurations associated with the first LP-WUS occasions, including periodicity, group ID, preambles, etc.

[0193] Embodiments wherein LP-WUS resource determination is based on measured quality are discussed herein. An example of the following embodiments is illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0194] In embodiments, at 910, a WTRU may receive a configuration of a measurement resource (e.g., LP-SS), an UL resource, a first LP-WUS resource and two or more LP-WUS signal structures (for example, as describe in options OOK- 1 , OOK-4, FSK-1, FSK-2, OFDMA, etc.) wherein each LP-WUS structure associated with an activation threshold (or a first activation threshold for LP-SS and a second activation threshold for a first LP-WUS) and time and frequency resources for a second LP-WUS resource.

[0195] At 912, the WTRU may measure the measurement resource and receives a first LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource.

[0196] At 914, the WTRU may determines a quality (e.g., RSRP) of the measurement resource (e.g. , LP-SS) and the first LP-WUS (e.g., received energy, detected correlation, etc.).

[0197] At 916, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure for a second LP-WUS which satisfies the activation threshold(s) associated with the LP-WUS signal structure.

[0198] In a first embodiment referred to herein as Option 1 : at 916, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., for the second LP-WUS) when the LP-SS measurement satisfies the first activation threshold associated with the LP- WUS signal structure and/or the first LP-WUS measurement satisfies the second activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure.

[0199] In a second embodiment, referred to herein as Option 2: at 916, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., for the second LP-WUS) when the combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfy the activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. For example, the combined quality of the LP- SS and the first LP-WUS equals a first coefficient * LP-SS RSRP + a second coefficient * first LP-WUS RSRP.

[0200] In embodiments, if multiple LP-WUS signal structures satisfy the associated thresholds, then the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure with a higher or a highest activation threshold.

[0201] At 918, the WTRU may send an indication of the determined LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., for the second LP- WUS) (e.g., to a gNB) (e.g., via a sequence transmission with low power transmitter) (e.g., in the UL resource).

[0202] At 920, the WTRU may activate the second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated LP-WUS structure.

[0203] At 922, the WTRU may monitor/detect a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource.

[0204] At 924, if the WTRU receives a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may monitor PDCCH associated with paging..

[0205] In embodiments, a WTRU may receive a LP-WUS configuration (e.g., via one or more of RRC, MAC CE and DCI). The LP-WUS configuration may include one or more of the following:

[0206] A) a measurement resource. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with one or more measurement resources. The measurement resources may be one or more of LP-SS, LP CSI-RS, LP DM-RS, NR-SS, NR-CSI-RS, NR- DM-RS, NR-PT-RS and etc.

[0207] B) an UL resource or resources. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with one or more UL resources for WTRU indication [0208] C) a coefficient for quality combining. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with one or more coefficients for quality combining.

[0209] D) First LP-WUS resource. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with one or more of signal structure, waveform, monitoring type, frequency resources, and time resources.

[0210] E) Two or more signal structures for second LP-WUS. In embodiments, the WTRU may be configured with two or more second LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms), wherein each second LP-WUS signal structure (and/or waveform) may be associated with one or more of the following:

[021 1] i) Activation threshold(s): The WTRU may receive activation threshold(s) associated with a signal structure (and/or waveform) (e.g., in RSRP). In an example, an activation threshold may be used for each signal structure (and/or waveform). In another example, two or more activation thresholds may be used for each signal structure (and/or waveform) to consider multiple measured qualities from multiple types of measurements.

[0212] ii) Second LP-WUS resource(s): The second LP-WUS resource may include one or more of the following: monitoring type; frequency resources; time resources; a first ID (e.g , a group ID, a first group ID or a first part of a WTRU/group ID); a second ID (e.g., a WTRU ID, a second group ID or a second part of a WTRU/group ID); periodicity; and an offset from the first LP-WUS resource.

[0213] In embodiments, the WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a number of configured signal structures (and/or waveforms) for the second LP-WUS. For example, if a signal structure (and/or a waveform) is configured for the second LP-WUS, the WTRU may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., semi-static determination of a second LP-WUS signal structure). If two or more second LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms) are configured, the WTRU may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., dynamic determination of two or more second LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms)).

[0214] In embodiments, the WTRU may measure the configured measurement resource (e.g., one or more of LP-SS, NR-SS and etc.). Based on the measurements, the WTRU may determine a first quality (e.g., RSRP or LP-RSRP).

[0215] In embodiments, the WTRU may receive a first LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource.

[0216] In embodiments, the WTRU may measure the first LP-WUS (e.g., measuring a preamble or a sequence of the first LP-WUS). Based on the measurements, the WTRU may determine a second quality (e.g , one or more of received energy of the preamble/sequence, detected correlation of a sequence, RSRP in LP-WUS REs/symbols and etc.).

[0217] In embodiments, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure (and/or a waveform) for a second LP-WUS which satisfies the activation threshold(s) associated with the LP-WUS signal structure. In an example, one or more of the following may be used:

[0218] A) Based on multiple qualities and multiple activation threshold. In embodiments, the WTRU may select a LP- WUS signal structure (and/or a LP-WUS waveform) when the first quality satisfies the first activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure and/or the second quality satisfies the second activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., for the second LP-WUS).

[0219] B) Based on a combined quality and an activation threshold. In embodiments, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure when a combined quality of the first quality and the second quality satisfies an activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., for the second LP-WUS). In embodiments, the combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS may equal a first coefficient timed the first quality (e.g., LP-SS quality) plus a second coefficient times the second quality (e.g., first LP-WUS quality). In further embodiments, one or more of the following may be used: an average of the first quality and the second quality; max or min value of the first quality and the second quality.

[0220] In embodiments, the WTRU may determine a LP-WUS signal structure (and/or a waveform) if multiple LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms) satisfy the associated thresholds. In embodiments, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure with a higher or a highest activation threshold among the selected (determined) LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms). In another embodiment, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure with a lower or a lowest activation threshold among the selected (determined) LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms). In another embodiment, the WTRU may select a LP-WUS signal structure with a median activation threshold among the selected (determined) LP-WUS signal structures (and/or waveforms).

[0221] In embodiments, the WTRU may send an indication of the determined LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., for the second LP-WUS). The indication may be to a gNB. The indication may be indicated in the configured UL resource.

[0222] In embodiments, the indication may be based on a sequence transmission. For example, the WTRU may be configured with multiple sequences (e.g., via multiple sequence IDs). Each sequence may be associated with a LP-WUS signal structure (and/or waveform) (e.g., for second LP-WUS). Based on the selection (determination) of the LP-WUS signal structure (and/or waveform), the WTRU may transmit a sequence associated with the selected LP-WUS signal structure (e.g., in the UL resource).

[0223] In embodiments, the WTRU may activate the selected/determined second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated/selected/determined LP-WUS structure after activation time (e.g., in symbols/us/ms/slots and etc.). In an example, the activation time may be configured/indicated (e.g., via one or more of RRC, MAC CE and DCI from a gNB). In another example, the activation time may be based on the indicated WTRU capabilities and/or a predetermined value.

[0224] In embodiments, the WTRU may apply the activation time based on the first LP-WUS/the first LP-WUS resource. For example, the activation time may be applied from the first LP-WUS reception and/or the first LP-WUS resource that the WTRU received the first LP-WUS.

[0225] In embodiments, the WTRU may apply the activation time based on the WTRU indication of a signal structure (and/or a waveform) (e.g., for second LP-WUS).

[0226] After the activation time, the WTRU may monitor/detect a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource (e.g., for second LP-WUS resource). [0227] If the WTRU receives/detects a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may activate MR, and apply WTRU behaviors after activation. For example, the WTRU may monitor PDCCH associated with paging.

[0228] Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

CLAIMS What is Claimed:

1 . A method implemented in a WTRU comprising: receiving configuration information that includes: a measurement resource, an uplink resource, a first low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) resource and two or more LP-WUS signal structures, wherein each LP-WUS signal structure is associated with a respective activation threshold, and time and frequency resources for a second LP-WUS resource; measuring the measurement resource and receiving a first LP-WUS in a first LP-WUS resource; determining a quality of the measurement resource and of the first LP-WUS; selecting a LP-WUS signal structure for a second LP-WUS which satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure; transmitting an indication of the selected LP-WUS signal structure; activating the second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated LP-WUS signal structure; monitoring and detecting a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource; and in a case where the second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource is received, monitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement resource is LP-SS and the measured quality of the measurement resource is RSRP.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the quality is received energy or detected correlation.

4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the selecting of an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP- WUS is performed when a LP-SS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the first LP- WUS signal structure.

5. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the selecting of an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP- WUS is performed when the first LP-WUS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure.

6. The method of any claims 1 to 5, wherein the selecting of an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS is performed when a combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated when the first LP-WUS equals a first coefficient times the measured LP-SS RSRP plus a second coefficient times the measured first LP-WUS RSRP.

8. A WTRU comprising: a low-power receiver; a transceiver; and a processor, wherein: the transceiver is configured to: receive configuration information that includes: a measurement resource, an uplink resource, a first low power wake up signal (LP-WUS) resource and two or more LP-WUS signal structures, wherein each LP-WUS signal structure is associated with a respective activation threshold, and time and frequency resources for a second LP-WUS resource; the processor is configured to measure the measurement resource and the low-power resource is configured to receive a first LP-WUS in a first LP-WUS resource; the processor is configured to: determine a quality of the measurement resource and of the first LP-WUS, and select a LP-WUS signal structure for a second LP-WUS which satisfies an activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure; the transceiver is configured to transmit an indication of the selected LP-WUS signal structure; the processor is configured to activate the second LP-WUS resource associated with the indicated LP- WUS signal structure, monitor and detect a second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource; and in a case where the second LP-WUS in the activated LP-WUS resource is received, the processor is configured to monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

9. The WTRU of claim 8, wherein the measurement resource is LP-SS and the measured quality of the measurement resource is RSRP.

10. The WTRU of claim 8 or 9, wherein the quality is received energy or detected correlation.

11 . The WTRU of any claims 8 to 10, wherein the processor is configured to select an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS when the LP-SS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the first LP-WUS signal structure.

12. The WTRU of any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the processor is configured to select an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS when the first LP-WUS measurement satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure.

13. The WTRU of any claims 8 to 10, wherein the processor is configured to selectof an LP-WUS signal structure for the second LP-WUS when a combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated with the LP-WUS signal structure.

14. The WTRU of claim 13, wherein the combined quality of the LP-SS and the first LP-WUS measurements satisfies the respective activation threshold associated when the first LP-WUS equals a first coefficient times the measured LP-SS RSRP plus a second coefficient times the measured first LP-WUS RSRP.