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WO2024237390A1 - Appareil de traitement de combustible hautement efficace - Google Patents

Appareil de traitement de combustible hautement efficace Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024237390A1
WO2024237390A1 PCT/KR2023/011620 KR2023011620W WO2024237390A1 WO 2024237390 A1 WO2024237390 A1 WO 2024237390A1 KR 2023011620 W KR2023011620 W KR 2023011620W WO 2024237390 A1 WO2024237390 A1 WO 2024237390A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
heat exchanger
outside
reactor
burner combustion
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Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2023/011620
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
윤종오
조형목
김호석
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Acrolabs Inc
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Acrolabs Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2024237390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024237390A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Definitions

  • a CO transformation reactor In order to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide generated in the hydrogen-containing gas through this steam reforming reaction, a CO transformation reactor is configured, and in order to completely remove carbon monoxide, a selective oxidation reactor is configured to remove carbon monoxide in the reformed gas (less than 10 ppm), and by supplying reformed gas with a high hydrogen composition (more than 74%) to the fuel cell stack, electricity and heat are produced in the fuel cell.
  • the catalyst used in the steam reforming reaction uses Ru or Ni in the operating temperature range of 600 to 700°C
  • the CO transformation reactor catalyst uses Cu-Zn in the operating temperature range of 200 to 300°C
  • the selective oxidation reactor catalyst is designed to use an oxidation catalyst containing Ru in the operating temperature range of 90 to 150°C.
  • the temperature of the selective oxidation reactor catalyst is too low, the reaction does not occur and carbon monoxide is not removed.
  • the temperature is too high, the catalyst deteriorates quickly, making it difficult to secure the life of the fuel processing unit, and the methanation reaction occurs, making it difficult to increase the hydrogen composition in the reformed gas produced.
  • Patent documents 1 to 3 are known as prior art techniques developed to solve the above problems.
  • Patent Document 1 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2010-0065564
  • a chamber is formed to recover and preheat the heat discharged to the outside by circulating the reactants in the upper part of the combustion chamber and the raw material and steam supplied to the steam reforming reactor, and the raw material-steam preheated in this chamber is supplied to the steam reforming reactor, but there is a problem that a long start-up time is required to achieve heat balance of the reactors when the fuel treatment devices of the CO transformation reactor and the selective oxidation reactor are started.
  • Patent Document 2 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2012-0084062
  • the steam reforming reactor and the raw material-steam are structured to directly exchange heat, and the outlet temperature of the steam reforming reactor is high at 650 to 700°C. If the water (steam) that has exchanged heat with the CO transformation unit directly exchanges heat with the steam reforming reactor, there is a problem that the temperature of the steam reforming reactor is lowered and a large amount of heat is supplied to raise the temperature.
  • patent document 3 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0078522
  • a fuel reforming unit arranged at the center of a fuel processing device, a heating unit arranged at the upper side of the device body to heat the fuel reforming unit, a CO transformation reaction unit connected to the fuel reforming unit and arranged at the lower side of the device body, and a PROX reaction unit connected to the CO transformation reaction unit and arranged at the upper side of the device body.
  • the durability of the reforming catalyst cannot be guaranteed with a heat dissipation plate, the temperature rise time of the CO transformation reaction unit is long when the fuel processing device is started, and efficient cooling cannot be performed during operation.
  • the present invention is to solve the problems revealed in the above-mentioned prior art, and one of the several objects of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient fuel processing device which supplies hydrogen to a fuel cell stack through a steam reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based raw material gas or natural gas having methane (CH 4 ) as a main component, while enabling stable hydrogen production by utilizing optimized heat exchange between heat exchangers connected to internal reactors during startup, operation, and stop of the fuel processing device, and which has durability to remove carbon monoxide.
  • a highly efficient fuel processing device which supplies hydrogen to a fuel cell stack through a steam reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based raw material gas or natural gas having methane (CH 4 ) as a main component, while enabling stable hydrogen production by utilizing optimized heat exchange between heat exchangers connected to internal reactors during startup, operation, and stop of the fuel processing device, and which has durability to remove carbon monoxide.
  • the present invention provides a high-efficiency fuel processing device capable of increasing the catalytic reaction efficiency of each reactor through a fast startup time and stable temperature maintenance during operation, through an optimized configuration suited to the reaction heat of each reactor in the fuel processing device and fluid heat exchangers according to the operating temperature of each reactor.
  • the purpose is to provide a durable, high-efficiency fuel processing device that enables stable hydrogen production and carbon monoxide removal through optimization of heat exchange that enables integration and miniaturization of the fuel processing device by configuring balanced structures that can withstand thermal stress that occurs during operation and stop.
  • a plurality of exhaust holes are provided at equal intervals on the lower side wall of the burner combustion chamber so that the burner combustion gas can be exhausted radially.
  • the invention may further include a heater provided on the outside of the CO transformation reactor and the selective oxidation reactor.
  • the third heat exchanger is installed in a coil shape on the side wall of the first heat exchanger so that the burner air therein can have a spiral movement path.
  • a burner combustion gas movement passage capable of heat exchange from the bottom to the top of the fuel processing device, wherein the temperature of the supplied hydrocarbon raw material gas and steam can be increased through a first heat exchanger that vaporizes water supplied to the fuel processing device using the heat of the burner combustion gas and reformed gas, and a second heat exchanger that preheats the temperature of the steam (water) and hydrocarbon raw material gas using the heat of the burner combustion gas.
  • a durable, high-efficiency fuel processing device that enables stable hydrogen production and carbon monoxide removal through optimization of the heat exchange of the present invention
  • a third heat exchanger that cools the CO transformation reactor with burner air during operation of the fuel processing device
  • a fourth heat exchanger that cools the selective oxidation reactor by forming a water transfer passage inside the selective oxidation reactor formed on the outer wall of the reformed gas passageway, thereby providing a durable, high-efficiency fuel processing device capable of integration of the fuel processing device.
  • Figure 1 is a configuration diagram of a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a third heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a water movement path in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the movement path of hydrocarbon raw material gas in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the movement path of reformed gas in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the movement path of burner air (burner combustion gas) in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific forms illustrated, but also include changes in forms produced according to the manufacturing process.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a third heat exchange unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a high-efficiency fuel processing device (100) may be implemented in an overall cylindrical shape, and may be made of a material having high heat resistance and rigidity that can withstand high heat and impact.
  • a support plate having an approximately circular shape and a plurality of supports connected to the support plate and supporting the high-efficiency fuel processing device may be provided at the bottom of the high-efficiency fuel processing device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention so that the high-efficiency fuel processing device (100) can be stably supported.
  • a high-efficiency fuel processing device (100) has a cylindrical structure in which a burner combustion chamber (12), a reforming reaction unit (25), an insulator (61), a second heat exchange unit (23), and a first flow path (14) are sequentially formed from the center, and a second flow path (26), a fourth heat exchange unit (52), and a selective oxidation reactor (42) are sequentially formed outside the first flow path (14), and a third heat exchange unit (32) and a CO transformation reactor (27) are sequentially formed below the second flow path (26).
  • the burner combustion chamber (12) is provided in the center of a high-efficiency fuel processing device (100) and serves to continuously supply the heat source necessary to convert hydrocarbon raw material gas into hydrogen through a reforming reaction with water steam.
  • a burner (11) is installed at the top of the burner combustion chamber (12), and fuel gas and burner air are supplied through the gas supply port (13) and combusted.
  • the fuel gas may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon-based raw materials and fuel cell stack off-gas.
  • a temperature sensor (not shown) is configured at the bottom of the burner combustion chamber (12) so that the ignition/combustion status of the burner can be checked from the outside, thereby monitoring the combustion chamber status.
  • a reforming reaction unit (25) that converts hydrocarbon-based raw material gas into reforming gas is provided on the outside of the burner combustion chamber (12).
  • the reforming reaction unit (25) is filled with a reforming catalyst, and the catalyst used therein is a Ru or Ni reforming catalyst, and converts hydrocarbon raw material gas into hydrogen through a reforming reaction with steam at an operating temperature of 600 to 700°C.
  • the outer wall of the reforming reaction unit (25) is provided with an insulating material (61).
  • the insulating material (61) prevents the high temperature heat of the reforming reaction unit (25) from being released to the outside and prevents heat exchange with other components of the high-efficiency fuel processing device (100).
  • a first passage (14) is provided on the outside of the insulation (61) to provide a discharge path for burner combustion gas exhausted from the burner combustion chamber (12).
  • the burner combustion gas inside the burner combustion chamber (12) can be radially exhausted through a plurality of exhaust holes (12a) provided at equal intervals on the lower side of the burner combustion chamber (12) and can be introduced into the first passage (14) through a plurality of exhaust holes (14a) provided at equal intervals on the inner side of the lower side of the first passage (14).
  • the burner combustion gas can be evenly distributed in the first passage (14) implemented in a cylindrical shape, so there is an advantage in that the heat exchange efficiency between the first passage (14) and other components described later can be maximized.
  • the burner combustion gas flowing through the first flow path (14) is discharged to the outside through the burner combustion gas discharge port (15) provided at the top of the high-efficiency fuel processing device (100).
  • a second passage (26) is provided on the outside of the first passage (14) to provide a discharge path for the reformed gas exhausted from the reforming reaction unit (25).
  • the reformed gas flowing through the second flow path (26) is supplied to a CO reforming reactor (27) provided at the lower portion of the second flow path (26) so as to be connected to the second flow path (26).
  • the CO transformation reactor (27) is filled with a Cu-Zn catalyst, and the operating temperature is in the range of 200°C to 300°C.
  • the high temperature reformed gas of 600 to 700°C discharged from the reforming reaction unit (25) flows through the first flow path (14) and is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 200°C and supplied to the CO transformation reactor (27).
  • the chemical formula of the CO transformation reaction that occurs in the CO transformation reactor (27) is as follows, and the carbon monoxide content of the reformed gas is reduced to approximately 0.1 to 0.5% while passing through the CO transformation reactor (27).
  • the reformed gas flowing through the CO reforming reactor (27) is discharged to the outside through the reformed gas discharge port (28) provided on one side of the CO reforming reactor (27).
  • a heater may be provided on the outer wall of the CO transformation reactor (27) for rapid temperature increase when the fuel processing device (100) is started, but is not limited thereto.
  • a first heat exchanger (22) is provided to vaporize water supplied from the outside with the heat of burner combustion gas and reformed gas
  • a second heat exchanger (23) is provided to preheat the temperature of the vaporized water supplied from the first heat exchanger (22) with the heat of burner combustion gas and the hydrocarbon-based raw material gas supplied from the outside.
  • the temperature of the steam may decrease, causing liquid water droplets to form.
  • the ratio of steam and carbon may not be correct, thereby reducing the efficiency of the reforming reaction.
  • water supplied from the outside is vaporized through heat exchange between the first and second flow paths (14, 26) and the first heat exchange unit (22), and the hydrocarbon raw material and steam are preheated through heat exchange between the first flow path (14) and the second heat exchange unit (23), thereby maximizing the efficiency of the reforming reaction.
  • the temperature of the reformed gas having a temperature range of 600°C to 700°C is cooled to about 200°C through heat exchange between the first heat exchange unit (22) and the second flow path (26) and supplied to the CO transformation reactor (27) described above, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the CO transformation reaction.
  • a third heat exchanger (32) is provided between the first filament (14) and the CO transformation reactor (27).
  • the CO transformation reactor (27) Since the CO transformation reaction that occurs in the CO transformation reactor (27) is an exothermic reaction, a separate cooling device such as an air-cooling fan is usually provided in the CO transformation reactor.
  • a separate cooling device such as an air-cooling fan is usually provided in the CO transformation reactor.
  • the CO transformation reactor (27) can be effectively cooled without a separate cooling device through heat exchange between the CO transformation reactor (27) and the third heat exchange unit (32), and as a result, the fuel processing device can be miniaturized.
  • the fuel gas combustion efficiency by the burner (11) can be maximized.
  • the third heat exchanger (32) may be installed in a coil shape on the side wall of the first flow path (14) so that the burner air inside it may have a spiral movement path. In this case, the time that the burner air remains inside the third heat exchanger (32) may be increased, so that heat exchange between the CO transformation reactor (27) and the third heat exchanger (32) may occur more effectively.
  • a selective oxidation reactor (42) is provided to additionally remove CO from the reformed gas from which CO has been removed and exhausted from the CO reforming reactor (27).
  • the chemical formula of the CO removal reaction that occurs in the selective oxidation reactor (42) is as follows, and the carbon monoxide content of the reformed gas is reduced to about 10 ppm or less while passing through the selective oxidation reactor (42).
  • a fourth heat exchanger (52) is provided to provide a path for the water supplied to the first heat exchanger (22) described above to cool the selective oxidation reactor (42).
  • the selective oxidation reactor (42) can be effectively cooled without a separate cooling device through heat exchange between the selective oxidation reactor (42) and the fourth heat exchange unit (52), and as a result, the fuel processing device can be miniaturized.
  • the fuel processing device can be miniaturized.
  • the vaporization of water that occurs in the first heat exchange unit (22) can be facilitated.
  • FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a water movement path in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • water is supplied to the fourth heat exchanger (52) through the cooling water supply port (51), and water whose temperature has increased through heat exchange with the selective oxidation reactor (42) is discharged to the outside through the cooling water discharge port (53).
  • water discharged through the cooling water discharge port (53) is supplied to the first heat exchanger (22) through the water supply port (21), and is vaporized through heat exchange with the first and second flow paths (14, 26).
  • the vaporized water is supplied to the second heat exchanger (23), and is preheated through heat exchange with the first flow path (14).
  • FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the movement path of hydrocarbon raw material gas in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the hydrocarbon raw material gas is supplied to the second heat exchanger (23) through the hydrocarbon raw material gas supply port (24) provided at the top of the fuel processing device (100), and is preheated through heat exchange with the first flow path (14) together with the aforementioned vaporized water.
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the movement path of reformed gas in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vaporized water and hydrocarbon raw material gas supplied from the second heat exchange unit (23) are converted into reformed gas having a temperature range of 600°C to 700°C by a reforming reaction in the reforming reaction unit (25), and the converted reformed gas is supplied to the second flow path (25) and cooled to about 200°C through heat exchange with the first heat exchange unit (22).
  • the reformed gas cooled to about 200°C is supplied to a CO transformation reactor (27) provided at the lower portion of the second flow path (26) so as to be in communication with the second flow path (26), and the CO content is reduced to about 0.1 to 0.5% through the CO transformation reaction, and is discharged to the outside through the reformed gas discharge port (28).
  • the reformed gas discharged to the outside is supplied to the selective oxidation reactor (42) through the supply port (41), and the CO content is reduced to about 10 ppm or less through the CO removal reaction, and then discharged to the outside through the exhaust port (43).
  • FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the movement path of burner air (burner combustion gas) in a high-efficiency fuel processing device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the burner air is supplied to the third heat exchanger (32) through the cooling outside air supply port (31), and the burner air, whose temperature has increased through heat exchange with the CO transformation reactor (27), is discharged to the outside through the cooling outside air discharge port (33).
  • the burner air discharged to the outside is supplied to the burner combustion chamber (12) through the gas supply port (13) provided at the top of the fuel processing device (100) together with the fuel gas, and the fuel gas is combusted by the burner (11) provided at the upper center of the burner combustion chamber (12) and converted into burner combustion gas.
  • the burner combustion gas is radially exhausted through a plurality of exhaust holes (12a) provided at equal intervals on the lower side of the burner combustion chamber (12) and flows into the first passage (14) through a plurality of exhaust holes (14a) provided at equal intervals on the inner side of the lower side of the first passage (14).
  • the burner combustion gas flowing through the first duct (14) is cooled through heat exchange with the first and second heat exchange units (22, 23) and discharged to the outside through the burner combustion gas discharge port (15) provided at the top of the fuel processing device (100).
  • the present invention having the above configuration, provides a fuel processing device for converting hydrocarbon-based raw material gas or natural gas mainly composed of methane (CH 4 ) into hydrogen through steam reforming, CO transformation, and CO selective oxidation, thereby providing a durable and highly efficient fuel processing device by maximizing the use of the heat source of burner combustion gas and increasing the heat exchange efficiency according to the operating temperature of each reactor.
  • a fuel processing device for converting hydrocarbon-based raw material gas or natural gas mainly composed of methane (CH 4 ) into hydrogen through steam reforming, CO transformation, and CO selective oxidation, thereby providing a durable and highly efficient fuel processing device by maximizing the use of the heat source of burner combustion gas and increasing the heat exchange efficiency according to the operating temperature of each reactor.
  • Fuel treatment unit 11 Burner
  • Burner combustion chamber 12a First exhaust hole
  • Second exhaust hole 15 Burner combustion gas exhaust port
  • Second heat exchanger 24 Hydrocarbon raw material gas supply port
  • Cooling outside air exhaust port 41 Supply air port
  • Cooling water supply port 52 4th heat exchanger
  • Coolant drain port 61 Insulation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de traitement de combustible hautement efficace et durable qui soumet un gaz brut à base d'hydrocarbures ou un gaz naturel comprenant du méthane (CH4) en tant que composant principal à une réaction de reformage à la vapeur et fournit ensuite de l'hydrogène à un empilement de piles à combustible, l'appareil permettant une production stable d'hydrogène et l'élimination de monoxyde de carbone au moyen d'un échange de chaleur optimisé dans des échangeurs de chaleur associés à des réacteurs internes lors du démarrage, du fonctionnement, et de l'arrêt de l'appareil de traitement de combustible.
PCT/KR2023/011620 2023-05-16 2023-08-07 Appareil de traitement de combustible hautement efficace Pending WO2024237390A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2023-0063380 2023-05-16
KR1020230063380A KR102563958B1 (ko) 2023-05-16 2023-05-16 고효율 연료처리장치

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WO2024237390A1 true WO2024237390A1 (fr) 2024-11-21

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Citations (5)

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KR20120084062A (ko) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-27 현대하이스코 주식회사 열교환 효과가 우수한 연료전지용 개질기
JP6387521B2 (ja) * 2014-08-05 2018-09-12 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 水素生成装置およびそれを用いた燃料電池システム
JP2019099443A (ja) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-24 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 水素生成装置
KR102023023B1 (ko) * 2017-11-17 2019-09-20 한국에너지기술연구원 원료 예열부 일체형 수증기 개질기
KR102262391B1 (ko) * 2019-12-23 2021-06-08 주식회사 씨에이치피테크 연료처리장치

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KR101062507B1 (ko) 2008-12-08 2011-09-06 한국가스공사 연료처리장치
KR101898788B1 (ko) 2016-12-30 2018-09-13 주식회사 두산 연료처리장치
KR102235664B1 (ko) * 2019-04-01 2021-04-05 에이치앤파워(주) 확장 가능한 멀티 채널 원통형 수증기 개질 반응기
KR102378008B1 (ko) * 2020-08-14 2022-03-24 주식회사 파나시아 버너를 가진 수증기 탄화수소 개질기

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120084062A (ko) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-27 현대하이스코 주식회사 열교환 효과가 우수한 연료전지용 개질기
JP6387521B2 (ja) * 2014-08-05 2018-09-12 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 水素生成装置およびそれを用いた燃料電池システム
KR102023023B1 (ko) * 2017-11-17 2019-09-20 한국에너지기술연구원 원료 예열부 일체형 수증기 개질기
JP2019099443A (ja) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-24 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 水素生成装置
KR102262391B1 (ko) * 2019-12-23 2021-06-08 주식회사 씨에이치피테크 연료처리장치

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