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WO2025193037A1 - Système d'alimentation en eau chaude utilisant un module de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation en eau chaude utilisant un module de pile à combustible

Info

Publication number
WO2025193037A1
WO2025193037A1 PCT/KR2025/099604 KR2025099604W WO2025193037A1 WO 2025193037 A1 WO2025193037 A1 WO 2025193037A1 KR 2025099604 W KR2025099604 W KR 2025099604W WO 2025193037 A1 WO2025193037 A1 WO 2025193037A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hot water
exhaust gas
fuel cell
heat exchanger
gas heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2025/099604
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
이성욱
강병철
이신구
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mico Power Ltd
Original Assignee
Mico Power Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mico Power Ltd filed Critical Mico Power Ltd
Publication of WO2025193037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025193037A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hot water supply system using a fuel cell module, and more specifically, to a hot water supply system using a fuel cell module that recovers heat generated during the operation of a fuel cell that produces electrical energy by reacting reformed fuel with oxygen as hot water and supplies the hot water to a user.
  • Fuel cells which are devices that directly convert the chemical energy of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to water, into electrical energy, are actively being researched recently due to their environmentally friendly characteristics and high-efficiency power generation capabilities.
  • Fuel cells are being developed in various forms, such as alkaline fuel cells (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), depending on the electrolyte and operating temperature.
  • AFC alkaline fuel cells
  • PAFC phosphoric acid fuel cells
  • PEMFC polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
  • MCFC molten carbonate fuel cells
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cells
  • the solid oxide fuel cell uses ion-conducting ceramic as an electrolyte and is a fuel cell that operates in a high-temperature environment of approximately 500 to 1000°C, and exhibits the advantage of having the highest efficiency among the above fuel cells.
  • the fuel used in the above solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is not only hydrogen, but also CH series gas, which can be used for hydrogen reforming in a reformer installed inside the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system.
  • These fuel cells can simultaneously generate electricity and recover waste heat from the stack to produce hot water. Furthermore, increasing energy efficiency through the simultaneous use of electricity and hot water is essential for widespread adoption.
  • Patent Publication No. 10-2013-0041436 (April 25, 2013).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hot water supply system using a fuel cell module that recovers heat from exhaust gas generated during fuel cell operation as hot water through an exhaust gas heat exchanger, cools the exhaust gas so that the fuel cell can operate (power generation) smoothly, and supplies hot water by adjusting the temperature to a temperature required by the user (set temperature).
  • a first temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of cooling water flowing into the exhaust gas heat exchanger may be provided on the inlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger among the third circulation lines according to the present invention.
  • the radiator according to the present invention is an air-cooled radiator including a radiator fan that blows air to a radiator core through which exhaust gas flows, and the radiator fan of the radiator can have its RPM controlled based on the temperature of the cooling water flowing into the exhaust gas heat exchanger measured by the first temperature sensor.
  • a second temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of hot water flowing out of the exhaust gas heat exchanger may be provided on the outlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger among the first circulation lines according to the present invention.
  • the proportional control valve according to the present invention can have its opening degree adjusted based on the temperature of hot water flowing out of the exhaust gas heat exchanger measured by the second temperature sensor.
  • the first circulation line according to the present invention may further include an expansion tank to relieve pressure increase due to volume expansion of hot water flowing into the hot water storage tank.
  • the hot water storage tank includes a drainage line for supplying hot water stored therein to a user, a water supply line for supplying water corresponding to the water level of the hot water stored therein, an emergency water supply line branching from the water supply line and connected to the third circulation line and the first three-way valve, and an emergency drainage line connected to the first circulation line and the second three-way valve, so that when the radiator and proportional control valve are abnormal, the water supply and drainage to the exhaust gas heat exchanger can be bypassed.
  • the fuel cell module according to the present invention includes a fuel cell stack that produces electrical energy by reacting reformed fuel with oxygen, a reformer that reforms fuel supplied from the outside into steam and supplies the reformed fuel to the fuel cell stack, and an exhaust gas heat exchanger that introduces exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack and heats cooling water introduced from the outside through heat exchange with the exhaust gas to discharge it as hot water.
  • a hot water supply system using a fuel cell module according to the present invention has the following effects.
  • a proportional control valve for controlling the flow rate of cooling water flowing into the exhaust gas heat exchanger is provided in the inlet side circulation line where cooling water flows into the exhaust gas heat exchanger, and economical operation of the fuel cell during power generation can be realized by controlling the flow rate of cooling water.
  • waste heat can be minimized and operating costs at the user's location can be reduced by eliminating the need for additional cold water supply.
  • the temperature of the cooling water at the inlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger is measured, and based on the measured temperature of the cooling water, the RPM of the cooling fan of the radiator is controlled, thereby improving the heat load of the radiator and increasing the thermal efficiency of the fuel cell.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a fuel cell module according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified example diagram showing a hot water supply system using a fuel cell module according to the present invention.
  • the present invention comprises: a fuel cell module having an exhaust gas heat exchanger; a hot water storage tank connected to the exhaust gas heat exchanger provided in the fuel cell module and a first circulation line guiding the flow of fluid, wherein the hot water storage tank introduces and stores hot water heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas in the exhaust gas heat exchanger; a radiator connected to the hot water storage tank and a second circulation line guiding the flow of fluid, wherein the radiator introduces hot water discharged from the hot water storage tank, radiates the heat of the hot water to cool it, and then discharges it as cooling hot water; a circulation pump connected to the radiator and a third circulation line guiding the flow of fluid, wherein the cooling hot water discharged from the radiator is returned to the exhaust gas heat exchanger of the fuel cell; And a fuel cell module including a proportional control valve provided on a third circulation line connecting the circulation pump and the exhaust gas heat exchanger, the degree of opening being adjusted according to the temperature of the hot water flowing out of the exhaust gas heat exchanger, thereby controlling the flow rate of the cooling hot
  • the fuel cell stack (110) generates electrical energy using oxygen in the air and hydrogen in reformed fuel gas.
  • the reaction between the oxygen and hydrogen is an exothermic reaction, and the fuel cell stack (110) can release heat through exhaust gas while generating electrical energy.
  • the exhaust gas is the anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack (110).
  • the fuel cell stack (110) may include one or more fuel cell stacks in a plurality.
  • the fuel cell stack (110) may include one or more solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks that operate at a temperature of about 500° C. or higher, and in this case, the plurality of fuel cell stacks (110) may be connected to each other in either series or parallel.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • the fuel cell stack (110) may be a stack of flat single cells or a bundle of cylindrical or flat tubular single cells.
  • the above reformer (120) can convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon fuel supplied from an external fuel supply unit into hydrogen through an external fuel supply device.
  • the reformer (120) may be one selected from a steam reformer that converts the hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen using steam as an oxidizer, a partial oxidation reformer that converts the hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen using oxygen as an oxidizer, an auto-thermal reformer that converts the hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen using both steam and oxygen as oxidizers, and a catalytic partial oxidation reformer that converts the hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen through partial oxidation using a catalyst.
  • the steam reforming reaction inside the above steam reformer is an endothermic reaction, whereas the partial oxidation reforming reaction and the catalytic partial oxidation reforming reaction inside the partial oxidation reformer and the catalytic partial oxidation reformer are exothermic reactions, and the autothermal reforming reaction inside the autothermal reformer is an equilibrium reaction.
  • the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) is arranged adjacent to the fuel cell stack (110) and can induce heat exchange between the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack (110) and the cooling water supplied from the outside (hot water cooled by radiator).
  • the exhaust gas is a high-temperature anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack (110), and the exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) is cooled through heat exchange with cooling water and discharged, and the cooling water that has exchanged heat with the exhaust gas is heated and discharged as hot water.
  • a hot water supply system using a fuel cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to FIG. 2 includes a fuel cell module (100), a hot water storage tank (200), a radiator (300), and a circulation pump (400).
  • the above fuel cell module (100) produces electrical energy by reacting reformed fuel with oxygen, and includes an exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) that induces heat exchange between exhaust gas and cooling water. Since the fuel cell module (100) described with reference to FIG. 1 can be applied to the above fuel cell module (100), a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the hot water storage tank (200) is connected to the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) of the fuel cell module (100) and the first circulation line (10) that guides the flow of fluid, and stores the hot water drained from the fuel cell module (100) by introducing it through the first circulation line (10).
  • the first circulation line (10) connects the outlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) and the inlet of the hot water storage tank (200), so that hot water discharged from the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) flows into the hot water storage tank (200).
  • the hot water flowing into the hot water storage tank (200) is hot water heated through heat exchange with exhaust gas in the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) of the fuel cell module (100).
  • the above hot water storage tank (200) is connected to a drainage line (40) connected to a place of use for hot water, so that hot water contained in the above hot water storage tank (200) can be supplied through the drainage line (40) according to the needs of the place of use.
  • a water supply line (50) is connected to the hot water storage tank (200), so that water can be supplied according to the level of the cooled hot water stored in the hot water storage tank (200).
  • an expansion tank (210) may be provided in the first circulation line (10) connecting the inlet of the hot water storage tank (200) and the outlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) of the fuel cell (100).
  • the expansion tank (210) introduces hot water heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas in the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130), thereby relieving the pressure increase of the hot water due to volume expansion as it is heated.
  • first circulation line (10) may further be equipped with a flow meter (220), which enables the flow rate of hot water flowing into the hot water storage tank (200) along the first circulation line (10) to be determined.
  • radiator (300) is connected to the hot water storage tank (200) and the second circulation line (20) that guides the flow of fluid, and introduces hot water flowing out of the hot water storage tank (200) through the second circulation line (20), cools the hot water by radiating it, and discharges it as cooling hot water.
  • the second circulation line (20) connects the outlet of the hot water storage tank (200) and the inlet of the radiator (300), so that hot water flowing out of the hot water storage tank (200) flows into the radiator (300).
  • the above radiator (300) is an air-cooled radiator, and includes a radiator core through which hot water flows and a radiator fan (not shown) that blows outside air to the radiator core (not shown), and radiates the heat of hot water flowing into the radiator (300) to the outside air, thereby cooling the hot water to a corresponding temperature and converting it into cooled hot water (hot water cooled by radiating heat).
  • the RPM of the heat dissipation fan of the above radiator (300) can be controlled by the temperature of the cooling water measured by the first temperature sensor (TC-1) provided on the inlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130).
  • the RPM of the heat dissipation fan can be increased to improve the heat dissipation performance of the heat dissipation device (300).
  • the above circulation pump (400) is connected to the radiator (300) and the third circulation line (30) that guides the flow of fluid, and returns the cooling water flowing out from the radiator (300).
  • the third circulation line (30) connects the outlet of the radiator (300) and the inlet of the circulation pump (400), so that the cooling water flowing out of the radiator (300) flows into the circulation pump (400), and the cooling water flowing into the circulation pump (400) is returned to the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) through the third circulation line (30) connecting the circulation pump (400) and the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) of the fuel cell (100).
  • a proportional control valve (500) is provided on the third circulation line (30) connecting the circulation pump (400) and the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130).
  • the proportional control valve (500) has an opening degree adjusted according to the temperature of the hot water flowing out of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130), thereby adjusting the flow rate of the cooling hot water flowing into the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130).
  • the opening degree of the proportional control valve (500) can be adjusted based on the temperature of hot water measured by the second temperature sensor (TC-2) provided on the outlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130).
  • the temperature of hot water flowing out of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) is recognized through the second temperature sensor (TC-2) provided at the outlet of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130), and the degree of opening of the proportional control valve (500) is finely controlled through PLC control, thereby controlling the flow rate of cooling hot water flowing into the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130), thereby maintaining the temperature condition of hot water required by the user.
  • the hot water supply system using a fuel cell module preferably forms a closed circuit in which hot water is circulated from the hot water storage tank (200), the radiator (300), the circulation pump (400), and the fuel cell (100) back to the hot water storage tank (200) by a first circulation line (10) connecting the fuel cell module (100) and the hot water storage tank (200), a second circulation line (20) connecting the hot water storage tank (200) and the radiator (300), and a third circulation line (30) connecting the radiator (300), the circulation pump (400), and the fuel cell module (100).
  • the third circulation line (30) connecting the radiator (300), the circulation pump (400), and the fuel cell module (100) branches into a plurality of third circulation lines (30) at the rear of the circulation pump (400), so that one or more fuel cell modules (100) can be provided.
  • the proportional control valve (500) provided on the third circulation line (30) connecting the above circulation pump (400) and the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) may also be provided in multiple numbers, one or more, so as to be provided on each of the branched third circulation lines (30).
  • the hot water supply system using a fuel cell may include an emergency water supply line (51) branched from the water supply line and connected to the third circulation line (30) on the inlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130).
  • the above emergency water supply line (51) is connected to the third circulation line (30) and the first three-way valve (52), so that the flow paths of the emergency water supply line (51) and the third circulation line (30) can be selectively connected depending on the opening direction of the first three-way valve (52).
  • an emergency drain line (11) can be branched from the first circulation line (10), and the emergency drain line (11) is also connected to the first circulation line (10) and the second three-way valve (12), so that the flow paths of the first circulation line (10) and the emergency drain line (11) can be selectively connected depending on the opening direction of the second three-way valve (12).
  • the first and second three-way valves (52, 12) can be used to open the emergency water supply line (51) and the emergency drain line (11), thereby bypassing the water supply and drainage to the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130).
  • the inlet side of the exhaust gas heat exchanger (130) is connected to the water supply line (direct water from the facility line) so that it can be switched to open when a system emergency stop occurs due to a temperature exceeding a certain level, and the outlet side is connected to the facility line drain line so that emergency drainage is performed to the outside.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système d'alimentation en eau chaude utilisant un module de pile à combustible, le système d'alimentation en eau chaude comprenant : un module de pile à combustible comprenant un échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement ; un réservoir de stockage d'eau chaude qui est relié à l'échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement se situant dans le module de pile à combustible par une première conduite de circulation pour guider un écoulement de fluide, et qui aspire et stocke de l'eau chaude chauffée par échange de chaleur avec le gaz d'échappement de l'échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement ; un radiateur qui est relié au réservoir de stockage d'eau chaude par une deuxième conduite de circulation pour guider un écoulement de fluide, et aspire l'eau chaude évacuée provenant du réservoir de stockage d'eau chaude et dissipe la chaleur de l'eau chaude afin de refroidir et d'évacuer celle-ci en tant qu'eau chaude refroidie ; une pompe de circulation qui est reliée au radiateur par une troisième conduite de circulation pour guider un écoulement de fluide, et renvoie l'eau chaude refroidie évacuée provenant du radiateur vers l'échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement de la pile à combustible ; et une vanne de régulation proportionnelle se situant sur la troisième conduite de circulation reliant la pompe de circulation et l'échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement pour régler le débit de l'eau chaude refroidie s'écoulant dans l'échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement, par un réglage du degré d'ouverture de la vanne selon la température de l'eau chaude évacuée provenant de l'échangeur de chaleur de gaz d'échappement.
PCT/KR2025/099604 2024-03-11 2025-03-06 Système d'alimentation en eau chaude utilisant un module de pile à combustible Pending WO2025193037A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020240033774A KR102769111B1 (ko) 2024-03-11 2024-03-11 연료전지모듈을 이용한 온수 공급시스템
KR10-2024-0033774 2024-03-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025193037A1 true WO2025193037A1 (fr) 2025-09-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/KR2025/099604 Pending WO2025193037A1 (fr) 2024-03-11 2025-03-06 Système d'alimentation en eau chaude utilisant un module de pile à combustible

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Country Link
KR (1) KR102769111B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2025193037A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102769111B1 (ko) * 2024-03-11 2025-02-19 주식회사 미코파워 연료전지모듈을 이용한 온수 공급시스템

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007303719A (ja) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-22 Noritz Corp 熱回収装置、並びに、コージェネレーションシステム
JP2015075256A (ja) * 2013-10-07 2015-04-20 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 コジェネレーションシステム
JP2018004107A (ja) * 2016-06-28 2018-01-11 三浦工業株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP2018169120A (ja) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 東京瓦斯株式会社 貯湯発電システム
JP2019174010A (ja) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-10 東邦瓦斯株式会社 家庭用燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム
KR102769111B1 (ko) * 2024-03-11 2025-02-19 주식회사 미코파워 연료전지모듈을 이용한 온수 공급시스템

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007303719A (ja) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-22 Noritz Corp 熱回収装置、並びに、コージェネレーションシステム
JP2015075256A (ja) * 2013-10-07 2015-04-20 Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 コジェネレーションシステム
JP2018004107A (ja) * 2016-06-28 2018-01-11 三浦工業株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP2018169120A (ja) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 東京瓦斯株式会社 貯湯発電システム
JP2019174010A (ja) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-10 東邦瓦斯株式会社 家庭用燃料電池コージェネレーションシステム
KR102769111B1 (ko) * 2024-03-11 2025-02-19 주식회사 미코파워 연료전지모듈을 이용한 온수 공급시스템

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