WO2024222105A1

WO2024222105A1 - Paging transmission and reception

Info

Publication number: WO2024222105A1
Application number: PCT/CN2024/074558
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jing HAN; Jie Hu; Haiming Wang; Luning Liu; Lihua Yang
Original assignee: Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Current assignee: Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Priority date: 2024-01-29
Filing date: 2024-01-29
Publication date: 2024-10-31
Anticipated expiration: 2026-07-29

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to paging transmission and reception. In an aspect, a network node determines paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node. Then, the network node transmits a paging message with a first transmission power, for example, to at least one user equipment (UE). Here, the first transmission power is determined based on paging associated information. In this way, the network node can determine the transmission power to control the paging area size

Description

PAGING TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a network node, a user equipment (UE) , processors for wireless communication, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for paging transmission and reception.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .

Paging is a fundamental procedure in communication networks (for example, 5G networks) that may involve, among others, notifying a User Equipment (UE) of incoming data or signaling messages. This procedure is crucial for initiating communication with the UE when it is in an idle state, not actively engaged in data transmission or reception. However, the paging procedure and associated paging messages may need to be further improved and optimized with the evolution of communication networks.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to a network node, a UE, processors, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for paging transmission and reception, for example, paging transmission and reception for AIoT UEs. Embodiments of the disclosure can improve communication efficiency and quality.

In a first aspect of the solution, a network node is provided. The network node comprises a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received via the transceiver from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node; and transmit, via the transceiver, a paging message with a first transmission power, wherein the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information.

In some implementations of the network node, the paging associated information comprises an indication of a paging area of the network node.

In some implementations of the network node, the paging associated information further comprises one of the following: a use case of a use equipment (UE) , a paging purpose, a time period for receiving a response associated with the paging message from the UE, or a paging UE number level.

In some implementations of the network node, the processor is further configured to: determine a paging area size based on the paging associated information.

In some implementations of the network node, the UE is an ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) UE, and the network node is one of a base station or an intermediate node.

In some implementations of the network node, the network node is a base station, and the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver and to an intermediate node between the network node and at least one user equipment (UE) in a paging area associated with the paging area size, configuration information comprising the paging area size for the intermediate node to transmit the paging message to the at least one UE.

In some implementations of the network node, the configuration information further comprises another transmission power for the intermediate node to transmit, to the at least one UE, the paging message with the another transmission power.

In some implementations of the network node, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver and to the intermediate node, configuration information indicating the intermediate node to transmit, to the at least one UE, the paging message with another transmission power determined by the intermediate node.

In some implementations of the network node, the network node is the intermediate node, and the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver and from a base station, configuration information comprising at least one a paging area size or a transmission power for the intermediate node to transmit the paging message with the transmission power to at least one user equipment (UE) .

In some implementations of the network node, the intermediate node is a user equipment (UE) .

In a second aspect of the solution, a processor for wireless communication is provided. The processor comprises at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: determine paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node; and transmit, via the transceiver, a paging message with a first transmission power, wherein the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information.

In a third aspect of the solution, a method performed by a network node is provided. The method comprises: determining paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node; and transmitting a paging message with a first transmission power, wherein the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information.

In a fourth aspect of the solution, a network node is provided. The network node comprises a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, via the transceiver, a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; receive, via the transceiver and from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource; and determine status of the UE based on the response resource.

In some implementations of the network node, at least two repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of a paging message correspond to different response resources.

In some implementations of the network node, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver and to the UE, first information indicating the response resource.

In some implementations of the network node, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver and to the UE, second information indicating repetition times of the repetitions.

In some implementations of the network node, the first information or the second information is transmitted via one of the following: a control signaling, or system information.

In some implementations of the network node, in the case that the second information is transmitted in the system information, the system information comprises: an indication indicative of whether repetitions of a paging message is enabled, and the repetition times of the repetitions of the paging message.

In some implementations of the network node, in the case that the second information is transmitted in the control signaling, the control signaling comprises an indication indicative of whether there is a following repetition of the repetitions of the paging message.

In some implementations of the network node, the indication comprises a bit, a first value of the bit indicates there is a following repetition, and a second value of the bit indicates there is no following repetition.

In some implementations of the network node, the response message corresponds to a repetition among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message, the processor is configured to determine status of the UE by: determining the coverage status of UE based on the response resource.

In some implementations of the network node, the response message corresponds to a repetition among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message, the processor is configured to determine status of the UE by: determining, based on the response resource, that the UE is in an energy storage status, the response resource is associated with the repetition, and different repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message correspond to different carrier waves.

In some implementations of the network node, the network node is a base station, and the processor is further caused to: transmit, via the transceiver and to a network device, configuration information comprising a carrier wave time length and corresponding power, wherein the carrier wave time length and corresponding power are used for the network device to transmit, to at least one user equipment (UE) , a carrier wave associated with the paging message with the transmission power.

In a fifth aspect of the solution, a processor for wireless communication is provided. The processor comprises at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: transmit a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; receive, via the transceiver and from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource; and determine status of the UE based on the response resource.

In a sixth aspect of the solution, a method performed by a base station is provided. The method comprises: transmitting a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource; and determining status of the UE based on the response resource.

In a seventh aspect of the solution, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE comprises a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive, via the transceiver and from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and transmit, via the transceiver and to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition.

In some implementations of the UE, the processor is further caused to: receive, via the transceiver and from the base station, first information indicating the response resource.

In some implementations of the UE, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver and from the base station, second information indicating repetition times of the repetitions.

In some implementations of the UE, the first information or the second information is received via one of the following: a control signaling, or system information.

In some implementations of the UE, in the case that the second information is received in the system information, the system information comprises: an indication indicative of whether repetitions of a paging message is enabled, and the repetition times of the repetitions of the paging message.

In some implementations of the UE, in the case that the second information is received in the control signaling, the control signaling comprises an indication indicative of whether there is a following repetition of the repetitions of the paging message.

In some implementations of the UE, the indication comprises a bit, a first value of the bit indicates there is a following repetition, and a second value of the bit indicates there is no following repetition.

In some implementations of the UE, the processor is further configured to: decode the paging message based on the at least one repetition, wherein the response resource is associated with the at least one repetition.

In some implementations of the UE, the processor is further configured to: decode the at least one repetition which is transmitted with a transmission power, wherein the response resource is associated with the at least one repetition.

In some implementations of the UE, the processor is further configured to: decode the at least one repetition after an energy carrier wave with a time length associated with the at least one repetition.

In some implementations of the UE, the UE is an ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) UE.

In an eighth aspect of the solution, a processor for wireless communication is provided. The processor comprises at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: receive, from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and transmit, to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition.

In a ninth aspect of the solution, a method performed by a UE is provided. The method comprises: receiving, from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and transmitting, to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example communication process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example diagram of paging areas in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example communication process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates example paging repetitions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example device that support paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example processor that support paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 9-11 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and/or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and/or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and/or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and/or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.

In recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More “things” are expected to be interconnected to improve productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Most of the wireless IoT devices are powered by battery that needs to be replaced or recharged manually. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies to support battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that does not need to be replaced or recharged manually.

In order to inventory target AIoT UEs, BS needs to control the paging area so that all target AIoT UEs in the paging area can be paged, and on the other hand not to page other AIoT UEs (i.e., AIoT UEs outside the paging area) to avoid unnecessary RACH response and RACH congestion. One possible solution is to use different transmission power to control the paging area size. Then the issue is how to determine the paging transmission power to control the paging area.

On the other hand, AIoT UEs with backscatter capability cannot generate signal internally, i.e., can only rely on carrier wave which is provided externally for UL transmission. AIoT UEs in different coverage may need network to provide strong enough carrier wave so that the backscattered transmission can reach the network. That is to say, for AIoT UEs in different coverage, network needs to provide carrier wave with different power to ensure the UL reception reliability. Thus network needs to determine the AIoT UE’s coverage status first. Meanwhile, identifying the coverage of an AIoT UE is beneficial for network to perform link adaptation mechanism for following data transmission for AIoT UEs.

Another issue is that currently all types of AIoT UEs support energy storage. Different AIoT UEs may have different energy storage status. For example, an AIoT UE with lower energy storage needs more energy charging time to support following data and signaling processing. That is to say, network needs to provide downlink carrier wave with different time length for AIoT UE with different energy storage status. To ensure that AIoT UE can process RACH messages with sufficient energy, network needs to determine the AIoT UE’s energy storage status first.

In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for paging transmission and reception. In an aspect of the solution, a base station transmits a paging message with a transmission power, for example, to at least one UE. Here, the transmission power is determined based on paging associated information. The paging associated information comprises at least one of paging assistance information received via the transceiver from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or information determined by the base station. In this way, the base station can determine the transmission power to control the paging area size.

In another aspect of the solution, a network node transmits a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and receives, from a UE, a response message to the paging message in a response resource. Then, based on the response resource, the network node determines status of the UE. In this way, the network node can differentiate different UE status (for example, coverage status and/or storage status) .

In another aspect of the solution, a UE receives, from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message, and transmits, to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource. Here, the response resource can be the resource for random access, and is determined based on the at least one repetition. In this way, the base station can differentiate different UE status.

Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) or network device) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.

The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.

The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.

A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .

In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.

An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .

Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.

Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .

A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.

The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.

The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application third 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application third 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application third 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .

In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example communication process 200 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The Example as illustrated in FIG. 2 dresses on the cases where a base station or intermediate node transmits a paging message for AIoT UEs with different transmission power to control the paging area scope. The operations of the communication process 200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. More specifically, the operations of the communication process 200 may involve a network node 210 and a UE 220. The “network node” 210 may be a base station or an intermediate node. The base station may be an example of the network entities 102 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the intermediate node may be an example of the UE 104 as illustrated in FIG. 1. UE 220 may also be an example of the UE 104 as illustrated in FIG. 1. Although there is only one UE 220 is shown in FIG. 2, the number of UE 220 is not limited thereto. In other words, the number of UE (s) 220 which receive (s) the paging message with the transmission power may be one or more, for example, may be 2 or 3 or even more. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. With the communication process 200 of FIG. 2, the network node can determine the transmission power to control the paging area size.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, at 230, the network node 210 determines paging associated information. Here, the paging associated information may be received at the network node 210 from a core network (CN) device or an application server device. In this case, the paging associated information may also be referred to as “paging assistance information” . Alternatively, the network node 210 may also determine the paging associated information by itself. For example, the network node 220 may determine, as the paging associated information, the paging area or paging transmission power based on use cases, a paging purpose, a time period for receiving a response associated with the paging message from the UE, a paging UE number level, etc.

Then, the network node 210 transmits (240) , via its transceiver, a paging message 201 with a first transmission power, for example, to at least one UE 220. Here, the UE 220 here may be an ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) UE in the IoT scenario. The first transmission power may be determined based on the paging associated information. At the other end of the communication, UE 220 receives (242) the paging message 201 with the first transmission power from the network node 210.

The paging associated information may comprise an indication of a paging area of the network node. Specifically, the paging area may be indicated in paging assistance information by the core network, or by the application server to the network node 210. For example, CN or server can indicate large/medium/small area in the paging assistance information explicitly to the network node 210. In response to this, the network node 210 may determine the transmission power of the paging message 201. As to the paging area, it will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3 later. The paging associated information may comprise one of a use case of a UE (for example, inventory, etc. ) , a paging purpose (for example, for random access into a cell) , a time period for receiving a response associated with the paging message 201 from the UE 220, or a paging UE number level. Here, paging UE number level may be a level representing the UE number, i.e., how may UEs 220 there are, for example, to be paged. For example, if the network (for example, the core network or the application server like an AIoT server) wants to page about 1200 UEs, the paging UE number level may be “thousand level” . Such information, i.e., the use case of a UE, paging purpose, time period for receiving the response from the UE 220, paging UE number level may be indicated by the core network or by the application server explicitly to the network node 210 (for example, to a base station) in the paging assistance information, as described above. The base station may determine the paging area and corresponding transmission power based on the information of the use case, paging purpose, a time period for receiving a response associated with the paging message from the UE, or paging UE number level, etc.

In some example implementations, the network node 210 may further determine a paging area size based on the paging associated information.

In some cases, the communication process 200 may involve an intermediate node between the network node 210 and at least one UE (for example, UE 220 shown in FIG. 2) in a paging area associated with the paging area size. In such a situation, instead of transmitting the paging message 201 to the UE 220 by itself, the network node 210 may transmit, via its transceiver and to the intermediate node, configuration information comprising the paging area size for the intermediate node to transmit the paging message. The configuration information may comprise a second transmission power for the intermediate node to transmit, to the at least one UE, the paging message with the second transmission power. In other words, in this case, the second transmission power with which the intermediate node transmits the paging message to the at least one UE is configured by the network node 210 (for example, a base station) , i.e., the paging area and/or corresponding transmission power is configured by the network node 210 to the intermediate node. Alternatively, the base station may transmit, via its transceiver and to the intermediate node, configuration information indicating the intermediate node to transmit, to the at least one UE, the paging message with a third transmission power determined by the intermediate node. In other words, in this case, the third transmission power with which the intermediate node transmits the paging message to the at least one UE is determined by the intermediate node itself.

If an energy node exists for providing the carrier wave for waking up the UE 220 or for energy charging or for backscattering for UE 220, the network node 210 (for example, a base station) may configure the energy node to provide carrier wave with corresponding power for a paging message with different transmission power. In this case, the network node 210 may transmit, to a network device, configuration information comprising a carrier wave associated with the paging message. As a specific example, if the determined paging transmission power is power#1, then the base station may configure the energy node to provide a carrier wave with power#a; if the determined paging transmission power is power#2, then the base station may configure the energy node to provide a carrier wave with power#b; if the determined paging transmission power is power#3, then the base station may configure energy node to provide a carrier wave with power#c.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example diagram 300 of paging areas in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 3, a base station (which may be an example of the base entities 102 as illustrated in FIG. 1, or an example of the network node 210 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5) has several paging areas (also referred to as “paging coverage” herein) , i.e., area#1, area#2 and area#3. Specifically, area#1 may also be referred to as “a small area” , area#2 may also be referred to as “a medium area” , and area#3 may also be referred to as “a large area” . As a specific example, area#1 may be an area within a 10-kilometer distance from a base station, area#2 may be an area within a 20-kilometer distance from a base station, and area#3 may be an area within a 40-kilometer distance from a base station. The base station may transmit paging messages with a transmission power (here, power#1) to UEs in the area#1, transit paging messages with a transmission power (here, power#2) to UEs in the area#2, and transit paging messages with a transmission power (here, power#3) to UEs in the area#3. Since area#1 < area#2 < area#3, it may be derived that power#1 < power#2 < power#3.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling procedure 400 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The example as illustrated in FIG. 4 dresses on the cases where a base station transmits, via an intermediate node, paging message repeatedly in time domain. The operations of the signaling procedure 400 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the signaling procedure 400 may involve an AIoT UE 402, an energy node 404, an intermediate node 406, a base station 408, a core network 410 and an AIoT server 412. The AIoT UE 402 may be an example of the UE 220 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5, the intermediate node 406 and the base station 408 may be an example of the network node 210 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5, the core network 410 may be an example of the core network as described before with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, and the AIoT server 412 may be an example of the application server as described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5. Although there is only one AIoT UE 402 is shown in FIG. 4, the number of AIoT UE 402 is not limited thereto. In other words, the number of AIoT UE 402 involved in the signaling procedure 400 may be one or more, for example, can be 2 or 3 or even more.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, at 421, the base station 408 receives paging assistance information from core network (CN) 410 for determination of a paging area and corresponding paging transmission power. At 422, the base station 408 receives paging assistance information from AIoT server 412 for determination of a paging area and corresponding paging transmission power. In one example, the paging area can be included and indicated explicitly. For example, CN 410 or server 412 can indicate large/medium/small area explicitly to the base station 408, and the base station 408 determines the transmission power of paging message. In another example, the use case (e.g. inventory, sensor data collection) , paging purpose, or paging UE number (for example, a level representing the UE number) or a time period for paging response may be included and indicated explicitly to the base station 408. The base station 408 determines the paging area and corresponding transmission power based on the above information.

At 423, the base station 408 determines the paging area and corresponding paging transmission power based on the received paging assistance message at 421 and 422.

If an intermediate node (here, intermediate node 406) exists for AIoT UE 402, then at 424, the base station 408 may configure a paging area and transmission power to the intermediate node 406, such that the intermediate node 406 may transmit paging message for AIoT UE 402.

If an energy node (here, energy node 404) which can provide carrier wave for waking up AIoT UE 402, or for energy charging for AIoT UE 402 exists, then at 425, the intermediate node 406 configures the energy node 404 to provide carrier wave with corresponding power for paging message with different transmission power. For example, if determined paging transmission power is power#1, then the base station 408 configures the energy node 404 to provide a carrier wave with power#a; if determined paging transmission power is power#2, then the base station 408 configures the energy node 404 to provide a carrier wave with power#b; if determined paging transmission power is power#3, then the base station 408 configures the energy node 404 to provide a carrier wave with power#c.

At 426, the base station 408 transmits a paging message to AIoT UE 402 with determined or configured transmission power. In this case, since the base station 408 itself transmits the paging message to AIoT UE 402, the intermediate node 406 is not necessary to be used to transmits the paging message to AIoT UE 402. In other words, in this case, the intermediate node 406 can be omitted from FIG. 4 and the operations 424 and 427 related to the intermediate node 406 can be omitted.

Alternatively, instead of the base station 408 transmitting paging message to AIoT UE 402 at 426, at 427, the intermediate node 406 transmits a paging message to AIoT UE 402 with determined or configured transmission power. In this case, the transmission power for the intermediate node 406 to transmit the paging message is configured by the base station 408. As another specific example, the base station 408 may configures paging related parameters (for example, the paging area) to the intermediate node 406 (for example, as described above at 424) , and then the intermediate node 406 may transmit paging message to AIoT UE 402 and perform power control for paging by itself. In this case, the transmission power for the intermediate node 406 to transmit the paging message is determined by the intermediate node 406 itself.

If an energy node exists, which is the case in the example shown in FIG. 4, then at 428, the energy node (here, energy node 404) provides carrier wave associated with the paging message that sent by the base station 408 or the intermediate node 406, with configured power (which is configured to the energy node 404 by the base station 408 at 425) . If the base station 408 itself is able to provide carrier wave associated with the paging message, the energy node 404 is not necessary and can be omitted from the example as illustrated in FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating another example communication process 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The example as illustrated in FIG. 5 dresses on the cases where a network node (for example, a base station or intermediate node) transmits paging message repeatedly in time domain for the base station or intermediate node to differentiates different AIoT UE status. Here, the intermediate node may be a UE. The operations of the communication process 500 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the communication process 500 may involve a network node 510 and a UE 520. The “network node” 510 may be a base station or an intermediate node. The base station may be an example of the network entities 102 as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the intermediate node may be an example of the UE 104 as illustrated in FIG. 1. UE 220 may also be an example of the UE 104 as illustrated in FIG. 1. Although there is only one UE 520 is shown in FIG. 5, the number of UE 520 is not limited thereto. In other words, the number of UE 520 which receive (s) the paging message repetition (s) may be one or more, for example, can be 2 or 3 or even more. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. With the communication process 500 of FIG. 5, the network node 510 can differentiate different UE status.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the network node 510 transmits (530) , via its transceiver, a plurality of repetitions of a paging message (for example, the paging message 201 as shown in FIG. 2) , for example, to at least one UE including the UE 520 shown in FIG. 5. Here, the UE 520 may be an ambient Internet of AIoT UE in the IoT scenario. At least two paging repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message may be associated with different response resources, which may be indicated in a control signaling for paging reception or configured in system information. As a specific example, each paging repetition among the plurality of repetitions of a paging message may be associated with different response resources, which can be a series of resources indicated in a control signaling for paging reception or configured in system information. Paging repetition times may be indicated by a network device (for example, a base station) . For example, paging repetition times may be indicated in system information. Alternatively, a control signaling may be used to indicate whether there is a following paging message (repetition) . At the other side of the communication, the UE 520 receives (532) , via its transceiver and from the network node 510, at least one repetition 501 among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message. The case where a network node transmits a plurality of repetitions of a paging message will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6.

In response to the at least one repetition 501 among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message, the UE 520 transmits (540) , via the transceiver and to the network node 510, a response message 502 to the paging message in a response resource. Here, the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition 501. In other words, the response resource for transmitting (540) the response message 502 is associated with the at least one repetition 501. In some cases, at least two repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message may correspond to different response resources. At the other side of the communication, the network node 510 receives (542) , via its transceiver and from at least one UE including the UE 520 as shown in FIG. 5, the response message 502 to the paging message in a response resource.

At 550, the network node 510 determines status of the UE 520 based on the response resource. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6 later.

In some embodiments, the network node 510 may further transmit, via its transceiver and to the UE 520, first information indicating the response resource. Alternatively, or in addition, the network node 510 may further transmit, via its transceiver and to the UE 520, second information indicating repetition times of the repetitions. Here, the first information or the second information may be transmitted from the network node 510 to the UE 520 via a control signaling or system information. In the case that the second information is transmitted in the system information, the system information may comprise an indication indicative of whether repetitions of the paging message is enabled. Alternatively or in addition, the system information may comprise the repetition times of the repetitions of the paging message. On the other hand, in the case that the second information is transmitted in the control signaling, the control signaling may comprise an indication indicative of whether there is a following repetition of the repetitions of the paging message. In this case, the indication may comprise a bit, a first value of the bit indicates there is a following repetition, and a second value of the bit indicates there is no following repetition.

The response message 502 may correspond to a repetition among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message. In this case, the network node 510 may determine the coverage status of UE 520 based on the response resource in which the response message 502 is transmitted, in order to determine status of the UE 520.

Alternatively, when the response message 502 corresponds to a repetition among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message, in order to determine status of the UE 520, the network node 510 may determine, based on the response resource in which the response message 502 is transmitted, that the UE 520 is in an energy storage status. Here, the response resource may be associated with the repetition, and different repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message may correspond to different carrier waves.

In some cases, the network node is a base station, and it may further transmit, to a network device (for example, an energy node) , configuration information comprising a carrier wave time length and corresponding power. Here, the carrier wave time length and corresponding power may be used for the network device to transmit, to at least one UE (like UE 520) , a carrier wave associated with the paging message with the transmission power.

FIG. 6 illustrates example paging repetitions 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The example as illustrated in FIG. 6 dresses on the cases where a base station transmits paging message repeatedly. More specifically, FIG. 6 illustrates a case where a base station transmits paging message three times continuously in time domain. Here, “continuously” means that base station transmits the three paging message repetitions (here, the 1st paging, 2nd paging, and 3rd paging as illustrated in FIG. 6) continuously in time domain, i.e., without waiting for a response to a repetition in a time window associated with the repetition before transmitting the next repetition. The content of multiple repetitions (here, three repetitions) of the paging message is the same, but each repetition of the multiple repetitions of the paging message is associated with different response resources. The response resources are used for AIoT device (for example, UE 220 as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5) to respond to the paging message, for example, in a random access procedure. The response resources may be indicated in a control signaling for paging reception or configured in system information that broadcasted by the network (for example, the base station) . Associated response resource can be a series of resources, a block of resources, a set of resources, a time period of resources etc.

Paging repetition times (i.e., the number of the multiple repetitions of the paging message) may be indicated by the base station. In one example, paging repetition times may be indicated in system information by the base station. For example, system information may indicate whether paging message repetition is enabled, and there are how many repetitions for the paging message. In another example, control signaling may be used to indicate whether there is a following repetition after the current repetition for the paging message. For example, 1 bit in control signaling with value 1 may mean that there is following paging message repetition, for example, in the next slot, and the 1 bit with value 0 may mean that there is no paging message repetition, for example, in the next slot.

In some example embodiments, AIoT UE decodes paging message with one or multiple repetition times. For example, an AIoT UE may decode paging message by combining the 1st and 2nd paging repetitions. Different AIoT UEs may successfully decode the paging message with different repetition numbers. More specifically, those AIoT UEs with longer distance from the base station may use more repetition times for successfully decoding the paging message. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, Device#1 (which may be an AIoT UE) successfully decodes the paging message with 1 paging transmission time (i.e., with one paging message repetition, i.e., the 1st repetition) , Device#2 (which may be an AIoT UE) successfully decodes the paging message with 2 paging transmission time (i.e., with two paging message repetitions, i.e., the 1st and 2nd repetitions) , and Device#3 (which may be an AIoT UE) successfully decodes the paging message with 3 paging transmission time (i.e., with three paging message repetitions, i.e., the 1st, 2nd and 3rd repetitions) .

Each of the Device#1, Device#2 and Device#3 can respond to the paging message using corresponding resource associated with different paging repetition number. More specifically, since Device#1 successfully decodes the paging message with one paging message repetition (i.e., the 1st repetition) , Device#1 may respond to the paging message in a response resource associated with the 1st repetition, or in a first response resource associated with a paging repetition number whose value is 1. Similarly, since Device#2 successfully decodes the paging message with two paging message repetitions (i.e., the 1st and 2nd repetitions) , Device#2 may respond to the paging message in a second response resource associated with the 2nd repetition, or in a response resource associated with a paging repetition number whose value is 2. Since Device#3 successfully decodes the paging message with three paging message repetitions (i.e., the 1st, 2nd and 3rd repetitions) , Device#3 may respond to the paging message in a third response resource associated with the 3rd repetition, or in a response resource associated with a paging repetition number whose value is 3. Then the base station can differentiate a specific device (namely, AIoT UE) in different coverage status based on the different response resources in which the response to the paging message is transmitted by the device. More specifically, for example, since the response to the paging message is transmitted in the first response resource from Device#1, so based on the first response resource, the base station may be aware that the Device#1 is in a first coverage which may be associated with the 1st repetition. Since the 1st repetition is associated with the first response resource, it may also be referred to that the first coverage is associated with the first response resource. Since the response to the paging message is transmitted in the second response resource from Device#2, so based on the second response resource, the base station may be aware that the Device#2 is in a second coverage which may be associated with the 2nd repetition, or the second response resource. Since the response to the paging message is transmitted in the third response resource from Device#3, so based on the third response resource, the base station may be aware that the Device#3 is in a third coverage which may be associated with the 3rd repetition, or the third response resource.

In some other example embodiments, a paging message is repeatedly transmitted with different power from the base station. In other words, in this case, different repetitions among the multiple repetitions of the paging message may be transmitted with different power. For example, the first paging repetition is transmitted with power#1, the second paging repetition is transmitted with power#2, and the third paging repetition is transmitted with power#3. Different AIoT UEs may successfully decode the paging message with different repetition numbers. As illustrated in FIG. 3, those AIoT UEs with longer distance with the base station may successfully decode the paging message with a higher transmission power. For example, AIoT devices in different coverage may awake by paging message with different power. Alternatively, or in addition, AIoT devices in different coverage or different storage status may awake by corresponding carrier wave with different power. Alternatively, or in addition, AIoT devices in different coverage or different storage status may awake by corresponding physical layer signal with different power. More specifically, AIoT UE#1 (for example, an AIoT UE in area#1; in other places of this disclosure, AIoT UE#1 may also be referred to as “Device#1” as shown in FIG. 6) may successfully decode the paging message with paging transmission power #1, AIoT UE#2 (for example, an AIoT UE in area#2; in other places of this disclosure, AIoT UE#2 may also be referred to as “Device#2” as shown in FIG. 6) may successfully decode the paging message with paging transmission power #2, and AIoT UE#3 (for example, an AIoT UE in area#3; in other places of this disclosure, AIoT UE#3 may also be referred to as “Device#3” as shown in FIG. 6) may successfully decode the paging message with paging transmission power #3.

Then, AIoT UEs may respond to repetitions of the paging message using corresponding resource associated with the paging message repetition with different transmission power. In other words, an AIoT UE may transmit a response using corresponding resource associated with the paging transmission power with which the paging message repetition is transmitted from the base station and received by the AIoT UE. More specifically, in the above example, since AIoT UE#1 successfully decodes the paging message with paging transmission power #1, AIoT UE#1 may transmit a response using a response resource associated with the paging transmission power #1. Similarly, since AIoT UE#2 successfully decodes the paging message with paging transmission power#2, AIoT UE#2 may transmit a response using a response resource associated with the paging transmission power #2. Since AIoT UE#3 successfully decodes the paging message with paging transmission power #3, AIoT UE#3 may transmit a response using a response resource associated with the paging transmission power #3. Based on these responses received from the AIoT UEs, the base station can differentiate AIoT UEs in different coverage status based on different response resource.

In some other example embodiments, paging message is repeatedly transmitted in association with different energy carrier wave length or different energy carrier wave power. For example, the first paging repetition may be transmitted in association with energy carrier wave length#1 or power#1, the second paging repetition may be transmitted in association with energy carrier wave time length#2 or power#2, and the third paging repetition may be transmitted in association with energy carrier wave length#3 or power#3. Different AIoT UEs with different energy storage status may successfully decode the paging message whose repetitions are associated with different energy carrier wave length or power.

More specifically, those AIoT UEs with lower energy storage status may successfully decode the paging message after a longer energy charging time or with a higher power. For example, AIoT UE#1 may be in a relatively higher storage status (i.e., it may wake up after a relatively shorter time length when activated by a carrier wave or activated by a relatively lower power) and may successfully decode the paging message with paging transmission with energy carrier wave length#1 or power #1. AIoT UE#2 may be in a medium storage status (i.e., it may wake up after a medium time length when activated by the carrier wave) and may successfully decode the paging message with paging transmission with energy carrier wave length#2 or power #2. AIoT UE#3 may be in a relatively low storage status (i.e., it may wake up after a relatively longer time length when activated by the carrier wave) and may successfully decode the paging message with paging transmission with energy carrier wave length#3 or power #3. Here, energy carrier wave length#1 is shorter than energy carrier wave length#2, energy carrier wave length#2 is shorter than energy carrier wave length#3, and power#1 < power#2 < power#3. AIoT UEs can respond using corresponding resource associated with a paging message repetition with different energy carrier wave length or power.

For example, in this specific example, since AIoT UE#1 successfully decodes the paging message repetition (here, in FIG. 6, the 1st repetition) with energy carrier wave length#1 or transmission power#1, AIoT UE#1 may respond to the 1st repetition of the paging message in a response resource associated with the 1st repetition with energy carrier wave length#1 or transmission power #1. Similarly, since AIoT UE#2 successfully decodes the paging message repetition (here, in FIG. 6, the 2nd repetition) with energy carrier wave length#2 or transmission power #2, AIoT UE#2 may respond to the 2nd repetition in a response resource associated with the 2nd repetition with energy carrier wave length#2 or transmission power#2. Since AIoT UE#3 successfully decodes the paging message repetition (here, in FIG. 6, the 3rd repetition) with energy carrier wave length#3 or transmission power #3, AIoT UE#3 may respond to the 3rd repetition in a response resource associated with the 3rd repetition with energy carrier wave length#3 or transmission power #3. In other words, AIoT UEs may transmit a response in a response resource associated with paging message repetition (s) with different energy carrier wave time length or transmission power.

Based on responses received from the AIoT UEs, the base station can differentiate AIoT UEs in different energy storage status based on different response resource. For example, based on the response transmitted in the response resource which is associated with the 1st repetition of the paging message, the base station may know that AIoT UE#1 may be in a relatively higher storage status. Similarly, based on the response transmitted in the response resource which is associated with the 2nd repetition of the paging message, the base station may know that AIoT UE#2 may be in a medium storage status. Based on the response transmitted in a response resource which is associated with the 3rd repetition of the paging message, the base station may know that AIoT UE#3 may be in a relatively lower storage status. Alternatively, it does not need to associate different response resources with the paging message repetition (s) . In this case, AIoT UEs will respond to the paging message (repetitions) using a common response resource. In such a case, the base station can differentiate AIoT UEs by implementation, for example, based on received UE backscattered signal strength or response time.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device 700 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be an example of a UE 104 as shown in FIG. 1, UE 220 as shown in FIG. 2, UE 520 as shown in FIG. 5, or may be part of the UE 104, UE 220 or UE 520. The device 700 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102 as shown in FIG. 1 (or network node 210 as shown in FIG. 2, or network node 510 as shown in FIG. 5) , UEs 104 as shown in FIG. 1 (or UE 220 as shown in FIG. 2, UE 520 as shown in FIG. 5) , core networks 106 as shown in FIG. 1 (or core network 410 as shown in FIG. 4) or any combination thereof. The device 700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 702, a memory 704, a transceiver 706, and, optionally, an I/O controller 708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .

The processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.

In some implementations, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) .

In one example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node; and transmitting a paging message with a first transmission power (for example, to at least one UE) . Here, the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information. In addition, the processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support means for performing various other operations performed by a network node as described above in connection with FIG. 2.

In another example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource; and determining status of the UE based on the response resource. In addition, the processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support means for performing various other operations performed by a network node as described above in connection with FIG. 5.

In yet another example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and transmitting, to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition. In addition, the processor 702 may be configured to or operable to support means for performing various other operations performed by a UE as described above in connection with FIGS. 2 and 5.

The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 704) to cause the device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

The memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 702 cause the device 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 704 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The I/O controller 708 may manage input and output signals for the device 700. The I/O controller 708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 700. In some implementations, the I/O controller 708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I/O controller 708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I/O controller 708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 706. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 700 via the I/O controller 708 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 708.

In some implementations, the device 700 may include a single antenna 710. However, in some other implementations, the device 700 may have more than one antenna 710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 710, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 706 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 710 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 710. The transceiver 706 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.

A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 710 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor 800 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 800 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may include a controller 802 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may optionally include at least one memory 804, such as L1/L2/L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 800 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 806. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) . In some example embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor 800 may be included in the user equipment (UE) (for example, UE 220 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5) .

The processor 800 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .

The controller 802 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations of a UE 220 in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 802 may operate as a control unit of the processor 800, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 800. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

The controller 802 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 804 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 802 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 804. The controller 802 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 802 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 802 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 800. The controller 802 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 800.

The memory 804 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 800 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 804 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the memory 804 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 800) .

The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 800, cause the processor 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 802 and/or the processor 800 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the processor 800 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 800 and/or the controller 802 may be coupled with or to the memory 804, and the processor 800, the controller 802, and the memory 804 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 800 may include multiple processors and the memory 804 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

The one or more ALUs 806 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . One or more ALUs 806 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 806 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 806 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 806 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 806 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

The processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In one example, the processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node; and transmitting a paging message with a first transmission power (for example, to at least one UE) . Here, the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information. In addition, the processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support means for performing various other operations performed by a network node as described above in connection with FIG. 2.

In another example, the processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource; and determining status of the UE based on the response resource. In addition, the processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support means for performing various other operations performed by a network node as described above in connection with FIG. 5.

In yet another example, the processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and transmitting, to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition. In addition, the processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support means for performing various other operations performed by a UE as described above in connection with FIGS. 2 and 5.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a base station as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 910, the method 900 may include determining paging associated information. Here, the paging associated information may be received from a core network (CN) device (for example, core network 106 as illustrated in FIG. 1, or core network 410 as illustrated in FIG. 4) or an application server device (for example, AIoT server 412 as illustrated in FIG. 4) , or determined by the network node. At 920, the method 900 may include transmitting a paging message with a first transmission power (for example, to at least one UE) , wherein the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a base station or an intermediate node as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1010, the method 1000 includes transmitting a plurality of repetitions of a paging message. At 1020, the method 1000 includes receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource. At 1030, the method 900 includes determining status of the UE based on the response resource.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports paging transmission and reception in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a base station as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1110, the method 1100 includes receiving, from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message. At 1120, the method 1100 includes transmitting, to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.

As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A network node comprising:

a processor; and

a transceiver coupled to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to:

determine paging associated information, wherein the paging associated information is received via the transceiver from a core network (CN) device or an application server device, or determined by the network node; and

transmit, via the transceiver, a paging message with a first transmission power, wherein the first transmission power is determined based on the paging associated information.
The network node of claim 1, wherein the paging associated information comprises an indication of a paging area of the network node.
The network node of claim 1, wherein the paging associated information further comprises one of the following:

a use case of a use equipment (UE) ,

a paging purpose,

a time period for receiving a response associated with the paging message from the UE, or

a paging UE number level.
The network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:

determine a paging area size based on the paging associated information.
The network node of any of claims 1-4, wherein the network node is a base station, and the processor is further configured to:

transmit, via the transceiver and to an intermediate node between the base station and at least one user equipment (UE) in a paging area associated with the paging area size, configuration information comprising the paging area size for the intermediate node to transmit the paging message to the at least one UE.
A network node comprising:

a processor; and

a transceiver coupled to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to:

transmit, via the transceiver, a plurality of repetitions of a paging message;

receive, via the transceiver and from a user equipment (UE) , a response message to the paging message in a response resource; and

determine status of the UE based on the response resource.
The network node of claim 6, wherein at least two repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of a paging message correspond to different response resources.
The network node of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:

transmit, via the transceiver and to the UE, first information indicating the response resource.
The network node of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:

transmit, via the transceiver and to the UE, second information indicating repetition times of the repetitions.
The network node of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first information or the second information is transmitted via one of the following:

a control signaling, or

system information.
The network node of claim 10, wherein in the case that the second information is transmitted in the control signaling, the control signaling comprises an indication indicative of whether there is a following repetition of the repetitions of the paging message.
The network node of claim 6, wherein

the response message corresponds to a repetition among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message,

the processor is configured to determine status of the UE by:

determining the coverage status of UE based on the response resource.
The network node of claim 6, wherein

the response message corresponds to a repetition among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message,

the processor is configured to determine status of the UE by:

determining, based on the response resource, that the UE is in an energy storage status, the response resource is associated with the repetition, and different repetitions among the plurality of repetitions of the paging message correspond to different carrier waves.
The network node of any of claims 6-13, wherein the network node is a base station, and the processor is further caused to:

transmit, via the transceiver and to a network device, configuration information comprising a carrier wave time length and corresponding power,

wherein the carrier wave time length and corresponding power are used for the network device to transmit, to at least one user equipment (UE) , a carrier wave associated with the paging message with the transmission power.
A user equipment (UE) comprising:

a processor; and

a transceiver coupled to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to:

receive, via the transceiver and from a base station, at least one repetition among a plurality of repetitions of a paging message; and

transmit, via the transceiver and to the base station, a response message to the paging message in a response resource, wherein the response resource is determined based on the at least one repetition.
The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

receive, via the transceiver and from the base station, first information indicating the response resource.
The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

receive, via the transceiver and from the base station, second information indicating repetition times of the repetitions.
The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

decode the paging message based on the at least one repetition,

wherein the response resource is associated with the at least one repetition.
The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

decode the at least one repetition which is transmitted with a transmission power,

wherein the response resource is associated with the at least one repetition.
The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

decode the at least one repetition after an energy carrier wave with a time length associated with the at least one repetition.