WO2024218106A1 - Waschbeständige textilhydrophobierung - Google Patents
Waschbeständige textilhydrophobierung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024218106A1 WO2024218106A1 PCT/EP2024/060335 EP2024060335W WO2024218106A1 WO 2024218106 A1 WO2024218106 A1 WO 2024218106A1 EP 2024060335 W EP2024060335 W EP 2024060335W WO 2024218106 A1 WO2024218106 A1 WO 2024218106A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
- C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
- C08F230/085—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon the monomer being a polymerisable silane, e.g. (meth)acryloyloxy trialkoxy silanes or vinyl trialkoxysilanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/26—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents anionic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D143/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D143/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of textile hydrophobization using fluorine-free siloxane copolymers, their production and use, as well as the textiles coated with them.
- Long-lasting textile hydrophobization is essential for many functional and outdoor textiles and is advertised by many outdoor brands.
- Important criteria here are a water-repellent effect and the durability of the coating.
- This so-called DWR (durable water resistance) finish is often based on the per- and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFAS) that have been established in the field for many years.
- PFAS per- and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds
- hydrophobicity that decreases over time can be reactivated, for example by thermal treatment of the coated (finished) textiles.
- PFAS fluorine-free alternatives.
- a number of alternative technologies are already commercially available and show good water-repellent properties.
- commercially available silicones represent an excellent alternative for hydrophobing.
- Textile hydrophobing using copolymers based on acrylate, acid and siloxane acrylate monomers is known from the CO12401/WI 2 US 2022/0275124 A1. Even though these polymers are well suited for hydrophobizing textiles, they do not have sufficient wash permanence.
- the polymers according to the invention achieve hydrophobic properties that are superior to the prior art, which are expressed in particular by high wash permanence and the possibility of thermal reactivation in the event of loss of hydrophobicity.
- R1 is H or methyl, preferably methyl.
- R2 may be an alkyl moiety or an alkenyl moiety, preferably an alkyl moiety, more preferably an ethyl or n-propyl moiety, in particular an n-propyl moiety.
- R2 may also comprise at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, P, N and S, preferably O and N, more preferably O.
- R2 may also be an alkyl moiety or an alkenyl moiety interrupted by a CO12401/WI 6 ether group and/or an amine group.
- At least one of R3, R4 and R5 is in particular selected from O-Si(CH3)3, O-Si(C2H5)3, O-Si-(n-propyl)3 or O-Si-(isopropyl) 3 , preferably O-Si( CH3 ) 3 , O-Si( C2H5 ) 3 , or O-Si-(isopropyl) 3 , more preferably O-Si( CH3 ) 3 .
- R3, R4 and R5 are the same.
- the monomer of the chemical formula (I) is tris(trimethylsiloxy)silylpropyl methacrylate, or (bis(trimethylsiloxy)methyl)silylpropyl methacrylate, preferably tris(trimethylsiloxy)silylpropyl methacrylate (CLA30).
- CLA30 tris(trimethylsiloxy)silylpropyl methacrylate
- the at least one monomer of the chemical formula (I) does not represent a polymeric structure, in particular not a polysiloxane.
- the esters of the active monomer mentioned can be, for example, the esters of the C1-C10 alkylcarboxylic acids.
- the ethers of the active monomer mentioned can be, for example, the C1 - C10 alkyl ethers. It is preferred that the active monomer is an ester of unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular an ester of unsaturated carboxylic acids with up to 6 C atoms, more preferably with up to 4 C atoms.
- the active monomer is particularly preferably an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, in particular methacrylic acid.
- CO12401/WI 7 The active monomer is, for example, N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), N-methylolmethacrylamide, or glycidyl methacrylate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the active monomer is glycidyl methacrylate.
- the starting mixture comprises exactly one monomer according to chemical formula (I) and/or exactly one active monomer (ii). More preferably, the starting mixture comprises exactly one monomer according to chemical formula (I) and/or exactly one active monomer (ii) and/or exactly one monomer according to chemical formula (II).
- R6 is H or methyl, more preferably methyl.
- R7 can be an alkyl or an alkenyl radical, in particular an alkyl radical.
- R7 can also be linear or branched.
- R7 is a linear alkyl radical having 1-20 C atoms, in particular having 1-10 C atoms.
- R7 may comprise at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, P, N and S, preferably O and N, more preferably O.
- R7 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, butyl, butenyl, pentyl, pentenyl, hexyl, hexenyl, heptyl, heptenyl, octyl, CO12401/WI 8 Octenyl, nonyl, noneyl, decyl, decenyl, undecyl, undecenyl, dodecyl, dodecenyl, tridecyl, tridecenyl, tetradecyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecyl, pentadecenyl, pentadecenyl, hexadecyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecyl, heptade cenyl, octadecyl and octadecenyl radical, preferably methyl,
- the monomer of the chemical formula (II) is preferably an acrylic acid ester, for example methyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate or capryl methacrylate, preferably methyl methacrylate.
- the starting mixture further comprises (iv) at least one auxiliary monomer, this is selected, for example, from the group consisting of styrene, (meth)acrylic acid, butyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate.
- the starting mixture comprises exactly one auxiliary monomer (iv).
- the starting mixture can also comprise at least one solvent (v), which is, for example, water.
- the starting mixture preferably further comprises an emulsifier system (vi), which comprises, for example, an ionic, a non-ionic component and a superhydrophobe.
- the ionic component can be a cationic or anionic component.
- CO12401/WI 9 Suitable cationic components are all those commonly used, such as quaternary alkylammonium salts.
- Suitable anionic components are all those commonly used, such as alkyl sulfates with a chain length of 8 to 18 C atoms, alkyl or alkylaryl ether sulfates with 8 to 18 C atoms in the hydrophobic radical and up to 60 ethylene or propylene oxide units, alkyl or alkylaryl sulfonates with 8 to 18 C atoms, esters and half esters of sulfosuccinic acid with monohydric alcohols or alkylphenols, for example sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- the non-ionic component is selected, for example, from the group consisting of ethoxylated isotridecyl alcohol (IT8), IT20, and IT16, preferably IT8.
- a suitable superhydrophobe is selected, for example, from the group consisting of hexadecane, cetyl alcohol, pentanol and octanol, preferably hexadecane.
- the emulsifier system can also comprise at least one protective colloid.
- Suitable protective colloids are, for example, partially saponified polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinyl acetals, as well as starches and celluloses and their carboxymethyl, methyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl derivatives.
- Other usable emulsifiers and protective colloids can be found in “McCutchen's Detergents and Emulsifiers”, North American Edition, 1979.
- the starting mixture can also comprise at least one reaction initiator (vii) which is thermally or CO12401/WI 10 can be redox initiated.
- the reaction initiator is preferably at least partially water-soluble.
- a thermally initiated reaction initiator is known to decompose after thermal treatment into reactive components which start the polymerization reaction.
- reaction initiators are combinations of oxidizing and reducing compounds which are used to initiate radical polymerizations.
- the reaction initiator is a peroxide which is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of peroxodisulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP), t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), potassium peroxodiphosphate, t-butyl peroxopivalate, cumene hydroperoxide, isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, preferably TBHP; or an azo initiator, such as azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride (V-50), preferably V-50.
- AIBN azobis(isobutyronitrile
- V-50 2,2'
- reaction initiator in combination with a redox system.
- the above-mentioned initiators in combination with a reducing agent are used as redox reaction initiator combinations.
- Suitable reducing agents are sulfites and bisulfites of monovalent cations, for example sodium sulfite, the derivatives of sulfoxylic acid, such as zinc or alkali formaldehyde sulfoxylates, for example sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate and ascorbic acid, in particular sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate.
- CO12401/WI 11 Redox reaction initiator combinations have the advantage that the polymerization reaction can be started at lower temperatures.
- the monomers can also be protected from any thermal decomposition.
- small amounts of a metal compound that is soluble in the polymerization medium and whose metal component is redox-active under the polymerization conditions such as those based on iron or vanadium, for example iron ammonium sulfate, can be introduced.
- a metal compound that is soluble in the polymerization medium and whose metal component is redox-active under the polymerization conditions such as those based on iron or vanadium, for example iron ammonium sulfate
- Particularly preferred initiators are peroxodisulfate salts, in particular ammonium peroxodisulfates, optionally in combination with reducing agents, in particular sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate.
- reaction initiators In the case of the reaction using the miniemulsion polymerization technique, predominantly oil-soluble initiators can also be used, such as cumene hydroperoxide, isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, dibenzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile.
- Preferred reaction initiators for miniemulsion polymerizations are potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, azobisisobutyronitrile and dibenzoyl peroxide.
- the amount of the at least one monomer of the chemical formula (I) can be 40-99.9% by weight, preferably 50-99.9% by weight, more preferably 60-99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one monomer according to CO12401/WI 12 formula (I), of the at least one active monomer (ii), optionally of the at least one monomer according to formula (II), and optionally of the at least one auxiliary monomer (iv).
- the amount of the at least one active monomer (ii) can be 0.1-15 wt. %, preferably 0.5-10 wt. %, more preferably 1-6 wt.
- the amount of the at least one monomer of the chemical formula (II) can be 1-60% by weight, preferably 3-50% by weight, more preferably 5-40% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one monomer according to formula (I), the at least one monomer according to formula (II), the at least one active monomer (ii) and optionally the at least one auxiliary monomer (iv).
- the amount of the at least one auxiliary monomer (iv) can be 1-30% by weight, preferably 5-25% by weight, more preferably 10-20% by weight, based on the total weight of the at least one monomer according to formula (I), optionally the at least one monomer according to formula (II), the at least one active monomer (ii) and the at least one auxiliary monomer (iv).
- the amount of the at least one solvent (v) can be 40-90% by weight, preferably 50-80% by weight, based on the total amount of the starting mixture.
- the amount of the emulsifier system (vi) can be 0.3-2.5% by weight, preferably 0.5-2% by weight, based on the total amount of the starting mixture.
- the amount of the reaction initiator (vii) can be 0.1-5% by weight, preferably 0.1-2% by weight, based on the total amount of the starting mixture.
- the polymer is obtainable by free-radical polymerization of a starting mixture.
- Free-radical polymerization within the meaning of the present invention can be described as a chain polymerization in which the two C atoms of the ethylenically unsaturated C 2 unit of a monomer are each covalently bonded to a C atom of an ethylenically unsaturated C 2 unit of any other monomer. The double bonds of these C 2 units are converted to single bonds.
- This linking reaction is started by reaction initiators that release radicals (INIT ⁇ ).
- the radical polymerization is carried out in particular in an aqueous medium.
- the starting mixture preferably has the properties usual for a radical polymerization.
- the radical polymerization is preferably an emulsion polymerization, whereby the starting mixture is an emulsion, in particular a CO12401/WI 14 Miniemulsion polymerization, where the starting mixture is a miniemulsion.
- Emulsion polymerization in the sense of the present invention can be described as a special process of the above-mentioned radical polymerization.
- water-insoluble monomers are emulsified in water with the aid of an emulsifier system, where the monomers are located within the micelles formed by the emulsifiers.
- the monomers within the micelles are polymerized to form so-called latex particles.
- a polymer dispersion is ultimately obtained from the emulsion used.
- Miniemulsion polymerization differs from emulsion polymerization in that a superhydrophobic agent can also be added as a stabilizer for the monomer-containing micelles.
- the mixture is subjected to an intensive homogenization step, for example by treatment with ultrasound (e.g. ultrasonic finger) and/or treatment with pressure (e.g. high-pressure homogenizer).
- the micelles have, for example, an average diameter of 50-350 nm.
- the micelle size can be determined using methods for colloid analysis known to those skilled in the art, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS).
- miniemulsion polymerization is based on the fact that the monomer is already completely present within micelles before polymerization and therefore no longer has to diffuse into the micelles during polymerization.
- the latex particles formed can be viewed as polymerized copies of the monomer-filled micelles present at the beginning. This means that the size of the latex particles is determined exclusively by the dispersion process and the stability of the monomer-filled micelles.
- this process has a number of advantages over traditional emulsion polymerization: ⁇ Since the monomer does not have to be transported through the continuous, usually aqueous phase, it is possible to polymerize even completely water-insoluble monomers in miniemulsions. ⁇ The size of the latex particles usually corresponds to that of the previously formed monomer-filled micelles and can be adjusted quite precisely by the amount and type of emulsifier system used. ⁇ Each monomer-filled micelle is homogeneous in terms of its composition. Especially for copolymerizations, the monomer ratio in each micelle is therefore the same and is not subject to a diffusion difference of the monomers.
- the polymer according to the invention can be used directly (i.e. without prior CO12401/WI 16 purification) for the treatment of textiles.
- Textiles in the sense of the present invention are to be understood as textile substrates, i.e. substrates which are formed from fibers.
- the polymer according to the invention preferably does not comprise an acid monomer, in particular no carboxylic acid monomer, such as acrylic acid, no phosphoric acid monomer and/or no sulfuric acid monomer.
- the present invention further provides a hydrophobing composition
- a hydrophobing composition comprising (a) the polymer according to the invention; (b) at least one organometallic complex; and (c) optionally at least one auxiliary substance.
- the hydrophobing composition is in particular a hydrophobing dispersion.
- An organometallic complex in the sense of the present invention is a compound in which an organic radical or an organic compound is directly bonded to a metal atom.
- the hydrophobing composition can also contain a diluent, such as water.
- the amount of the polymer is preferably 0.1-30% by weight, more preferably 0.5-10% by weight, based on the total amount of the hydrophobing composition from the polymer according to the invention.
- the amount of the organometallic complex can then be 0.01-2.0% by weight, preferably 0.01-1.5% by weight, more preferably 0.03-1.0% by weight, based on the total amount of the hydrophobic composition comprising the polymer according to the invention, the at least one organometallic complex, the optional at least one auxiliary substance and the diluent.
- the organometallic complex is an amine, alcoholate, carboxylic or phosphoric acid salt or chelate, preferably an alcoholate or carboxylic acid salt, of a metal which is selected from the group consisting of Pb, Zn, Zr, Sb, Fe, Cd, Sn, Ti, Ba, Ca, Mn, V, Al or Co, preferably Zn, Zr, Ti and Al, more preferably Zr and Ti.
- the carboxylic acid salt is, for example, a naphthenate, octoate, hexoate, laurate, acetate, formate, citrate or lactate, preferably an acetate.
- the organometallic complex is selected from the group consisting of zinc, tin and zirconium octoate; Aluminium alcoholate, such as Al tri-sec-butoxide, Al di-sec-butoxide mono-acetylacetonate, Al mono-sec-butoxide di-acetylacetonate, Al di-sec-butoxide monoacetoacetate ethyl ester, Al mono-sec-butoxide di-acetoacetate ethyl ester, Al di-sec-butoxide mono-acetate and Al mono-sec-butoxide di-acetate; alkyl titanate; alkyl zirconate; zinc, tin, zirconium, ferric and cobalt naphthenate; zinc and zirconium formate; tin, zinc and zirconium acetate; dibutyltin dicaprylate, dilaurate, diacetate and maleate; dioctyltin diformate, dibenzoate and
- the textile substrates provided with the hydrophobic composition according to the invention have superior properties compared to the prior art.
- the substrates treated in this way are not only characterized by outstanding, wash-permanent hydrophobicity, but can also be thermally reactivated.
- this can be maximized again by thermal treatment of the substrate.
- This thermal treatment is preferably carried out in an oven, by ironing and/or by treatment in a commercially available tumble dryer.
- the coated textile can be exposed to an activation temperature in the range of 50-200 °C, preferably 80-180 °C, more preferably 120-180 °C, the activation time being in particular 1-30 min, preferably 1-15 min.
- an activation temperature in the range of 50-200 °C, preferably 80-180 °C, more preferably 120-180 °C, the activation time being in particular 1-30 min, preferably 1-15 min.
- auxiliaries are, for example, surface-active substances, such as cross-linking agents or surfactants, dispersants, fragrances, dyes, solvents, antifoaming agents, adhesion promoters or release agents.
- the amount of the auxiliaries in the hydrophobing composition is preferably 0.1-10% by weight, more preferably 0.5-5% by weight, based on the total weight of the hydrophobing composition.
- the present invention further provides a redispersible polymer powder obtainable by drying the polymer according to the invention.
- the aqueous dispersions resulting from the radical polymerization of the starting mixture are preferably dried in a manner known to the person skilled in the art, for example by the spray drying process. Drying the polymer to powder form significantly reduces the volume of the product; this makes it possible to achieve lower transport costs.
- polymers dried in this way are particularly stable in storage and can be easily converted into a dispersion, i.e. redispersed, before use by mixing with a suitable solvent, such as water.
- the present invention further provides a method for hydrophobizing a textile substrate, comprising the following steps in the order given: (A) providing the textile substrate; CO12401/WI 20 (B) wetting the textile substrate with the hydrophobing composition according to the invention as described above; and (C) thermally treating the wetted textile substrate obtained after step (B).
- the textile substrate comprises, for example, at least one natural fiber or at least one synthetic fiber or a mixture thereof. Examples of such a natural fiber are cotton, linen, hemp, wool, such as sheep's wool, alpaca wool, angora wool, cashmere wool, mohair wool, yak wool or merino wool, silk and mixtures thereof, preferably cotton.
- the synthetic fiber are viscose, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastane and mixtures thereof, preferably polyester and polyamide.
- the textile comprises cotton and/or polyester and/or polyamide.
- a textile which is a mixture of cotton and at least one synthetic fiber, such as a mixture of cotton and polyester, or a textile made from polyester, polyamide or a mixture of polyamide and polyester.
- Wetting the textile substrate with the hydrophobing composition in step (B) can be carried out in any manner suitable for the treatment of textiles, for example by dipping, brushing, pouring, spraying, rolling, printing, padding or foam application. Wetting is in particular complete wetting.
- Complete wetting in the sense of the invention means that 70-100% of the total surface of the textile is covered with the CO12401/WI 21 hydrophobicizing dispersion, preferably 80-100%, more preferably 90-100%.
- the wetted textile substrate obtained after step (B) is dried for 1-5 hours, preferably for 2-4 hours, at 10-40 °C, in particular at 20-30 °C, or for 1-15 minutes, preferably for 1-5 minutes at 80-150 °C, in particular at 100-130 °C, before the thermal treatment in step (C).
- the thermal treatment in step (C) can be carried out for 1-60 minutes, preferably for 1-45 minutes, more preferably for 1-30 minutes, at 50-200 °C, preferably at 80-180 °C, more preferably at 100-180 °C.
- the present invention further provides a production process for the polymer according to the invention.
- R1 is H or a hydrocarbon radical having 1-6 C atoms, preferably having 1-3 C atoms, more preferably having 1-2 C atoms; CO12401/WI 22 R2 is a hydrocarbon unit having 1-10 C atoms, preferably 1-8 C atoms, more preferably 3-6 C atoms; and R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are each independently CH3, C2H5, n-propyl, iso-propyl, OC 2 H 5 , on-propyl, O-iso-propyl, O-Si(CH 3 ) 3 , O-Si(C 2 H 5 ) 3 , O-Si-(n-propyl)3 or O-Si-(iso-propyl)3, preferably CH 3 , O-Si(CH 3 ) 3 , O-Si(C2H5)3,
- R6 is H or a hydrocarbon radical having 1-6 C atoms, preferably having 1-3 C atoms, more preferably having 1-2 C atoms;
- R7 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1-30 C atoms, preferably 1-20 C atoms, more preferably having 1-10 C atoms; radically polymerized, this preferably taking place in an aqueous medium.
- the process is preferably an emulsion polymerization, in particular a miniemulsion polymerization.
- the process comprises in particular the following steps in the order given: ( ⁇ ) providing the starting mixture according to the invention, which further comprises water (v) and an emulsifier system (vi); CO12401/WI 24 (ß) homogenizing the prepared starting mixture, preferably by means of stirring, dispersing, treating with ultrasound and/or treating with pressure; ( ⁇ ) adding at least one reaction initiator (vii), optionally in combination with a redox system as described above, to the homogenized reaction mixture at a temperature of 0-100 °C, preferably 5-80 °C, more preferably 30-80 °C, over a period of several hours, preferably in the range of 2-8 hours, more preferably 4-6 hours; ( ⁇ ) reacting the reaction mixture obtained according to ( ⁇ ) and mixed with initiator at a temperature of 30-60 °C, preferably 40-55 °C, over a period of several hours, preferably in the range of 2-8 hours, more preferably 4-6 hours; and ( ⁇ ) cooling the reacted reaction mixture obtained according to ( ⁇ ) to room temperature
- the pH of the emulsifier system is, for example, 2 to 9, preferably 4 to 8; in a particularly preferred embodiment, 4 to 6.
- the pH can be adjusted before the start of the reaction using hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide solution or EDTA solution.
- the polymerization can be carried out discontinuously or continuously, with initial charging of all or individual components of the reaction mixture, with partial initial charging and subsequent metering of individual components of the reaction mixture or by the metering method without initial charging. All metering is preferably carried out in proportion to the consumption of the respective component. Polymerization in batch mode is particularly preferred.
- step ( ⁇ ) can be carried out until a particle size of the resulting emulsion in the range of 50-500 nm, preferably 100-350 nm, is obtained, measured by means of colloid analysis methods known in the art, such as dynamic (DLS) or static light scattering (LLS). It can be particularly advantageous for the cooled reaction mixture obtained after ( ⁇ ) to be purified or used without further purification.
- the present invention further provides a coated textile substrate obtainable by the hydrophobization process according to the invention, as described in detail above.
- the textile substrate (coated textile) thus provided has excellent, wash-permanent, hydrophobic properties. It was particularly surprising that the textile thus provided can be thermally reactivated.
- Thermal reactivation means that a decreasing hydrophobicity of the textile - e.g. due to mechanical and/or chemical stress, such as when using or washing the textile - can be increased again, in particular maximized, through thermal treatment.
- This thermal treatment is preferably carried out in an oven, by ironing and/or by treatment in a standard tumble dryer.
- CO12401/WI 26 The coated textile can be exposed to an activation temperature in the range of 50-200 °C, preferably 80-180 °C, more preferably 100-180 °C, the activation time being in particular 1-120 min, preferably 1-30 min, particularly preferably 1-15 min. All of the above symbols in the above formulas have their meanings independently of one another. In all formulas, the silicon atom is tetravalent.
- the measurements are carried out at 25 °C with the following fixed settings: Refractive index of water (dispersant RI) at 1.330; Viscosity (cP) at 0.8872; CO12401/WI 27 Refractive index of the disperse phase (material RI) at 1.55; material absorption at 0.010; measurement duration (duration used) at 50 s; measurement position (measurement position) at 0.85 mm.
- Refractive index of water disersant RI
- cP Viscosity
- CO12401/WI 27 Refractive index of the disperse phase
- material RI material RI
- measurement duration duration (duration used) at 50 s
- measurement position at 0.85 mm.
- Assessing the hydrophobicity of the treated textiles The hydrophobicity of the treated textiles can be assessed either by measuring the contact angle with respect to water or by carrying out the so-called spray test.
- Determining the contact angle with respect to water The measurement is taken using a DSA25E contact angle measuring device from Krüss, which is equipped with a curved sample table with a magnetic holder. The measurement is evaluated using the ADVANCE software from Krüss. After clamping the fabrics, the contact angle with respect to water is determined several times by applying 0.2 ⁇ l of water using the automated double dosing unit and the mean value is determined. The higher the measured contact angle, the more hydrophobic the treated textile is with respect to water. Testing using a spray test in accordance with AATCC test method no. 22-2005: The textiles are sprinkled with deionized water.
- Example 1 The preparation of hydrophobic compositions according to the invention (Examples 2-5) and of a comparative dispersion without active monomer (ii) according to the invention (Example 1) is described below.
- Example 6 Another non-inventive comparative example is shown as Example 6, in which a textile hydrophobic agent is prepared on the basis of amine-containing silicone oils customary in the art.
- Example 1 (Comparative example; not according to the invention) 0.02 g SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and 0.48 g IT8 (ethoxylated isotridecanol) are dissolved in water at 40°C with stirring. 4.95 g stearyl methacrylate, 19.8 g WACKER CLA 30 (3- [tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate) and 0.36 g hexadecane are added and mixed homogeneously at 40°C and then dispersed for 15 minutes on the Ultraturrax.
- the pre-emulsion is then further emulsified for 15 minutes with the ultrasonic finger (10 Wh) while stirring until a mini-emulsion with a particle size of approx. 300 nm is obtained.
- the mini-emulsion obtained is then radically polymerized. For this, 157 ⁇ l acetic acid (diluted; 10 w%), 140 ⁇ l NaOH solution (2 w%), 30 ⁇ l FAS (ammonium iron(II) sulfate) 1 w% are dissolved in water and 20 ml water are placed in a 250 ml laboratory reactor. The previously prepared mini-emulsion is then added and heated to 50 °C while stirring.
- Example 1 is the hydrophobing dispersion described in the prior art (Organic Coatings Volume 150, January 2021, 105968).
- Example 2 (according to the invention) 0.02 g SDS and 0.48 g IT8 are dissolved in water (53 ml) at 40 °C with stirring. 16.8 g WACKER CLA 30, 0.63 g glycidyl methacrylate and 0.36 g hexadecane are added and mixed homogeneously at 40 °C and then dispersed on the Ultraturrax for 15 minutes. The pre-emulsion is then further emulsified for 15 minutes with the ultrasonic finger (10 Wh) while stirring until a mini-emulsion with a particle size of approx.
- the mini-emulsion obtained is then radically polymerized. For this, 157 ⁇ l acetic acid (diluted; 10 wt%), 140 ⁇ l NaOH solution (2 wt%), 30 ⁇ l FAS (1 wt%) are dissolved in water and 20 ml water is placed in a 250 ml laboratory reactor. The previously prepared mini-emulsion is then added and heated to 50 °C while stirring. When the temperature is reached, 0.4 ml of a 10 wt% TBHP solution and 0.4 ml of a 5 wt% aqueous sodium formaldehyde suloxylate solution are added over four hours. The course of the reaction is observed and controlled based on the resulting solids content.
- Example 3 (according to the invention) 0.02 g SDS and 0.48 g IT8 are dissolved in water (53 ml) at 40 °C with stirring.
- acetic acid diluted; 10 wt%), 140 ⁇ l of NaOH solution (2 wt%), 30 ⁇ l of FAS (1 wt%) are dissolved in water and 20 ml of water are placed in a 250 ml laboratory reactor. The previously prepared mini-emulsion is then added and heated to 50 °C while stirring. When the temperature is reached, 0.4 ml of a 10 wt% TBHP solution and 0.4 ml of a 5 wt% aqueous sodium formaldehyde suloxylate solution are added over four hours. The course of the reaction is observed and controlled based on the resulting solids content.
- acetic acid diluted; 10 wt%), 140 ⁇ l of NaOH solution (2 wt%), 30 ⁇ l of FAS (1 wt%) are dissolved in water and 20 ml of water are placed in a 250 ml laboratory reactor. The previously prepared mini-emulsion is then added and heated to 50 °C while stirring. When the temperature is reached, 0.4 ml of a 10 wt% TBHP solution and 0.4 ml of a 5 wt% aqueous sodium formaldehyde suloxylate solution are added over four hours. The course of the reaction is observed and controlled based on the resulting solids content.
- Example 5 (according to the invention) 0.02 g SDS and 0.48 g IT8 are dissolved in water (53 ml) at 40°C with stirring.
- acetic acid diluted; 10 wt%), 140 ⁇ l NaOH solution (2 wt%), 30 ⁇ l FAS (1 wt%) are dissolved in water and 20 ml water is placed in a 250 ml laboratory reactor. The previously prepared mini-emulsion is then added and heated to 50 °C while stirring. When the temperature is reached, 0.4 ml of a 10 wt% TBHP solution and 0.4 ml of a 5 wt% aqueous sodium formaldehyde suloxylate solution are added over four hours. The course of the reaction is observed and controlled based on the resulting solid content.
- Example 6 (not according to the invention): 12.6 g of an organopolysiloxane with the functional groups - (CH2)3NH(CH2)2NH2 and a viscosity of 1000 mm 2 /s at 20 °C and an amine number of 0.3 mequiv./g, 2.2 g of a dimethylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 5 mm /s at 25 °C, 2.2 g of MQ methylsilicone resin and 3 g of ethylene glycol monohexyl ether are initially introduced at room temperature and mixed, then 6 g of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 0.25 g of acetic acid and 73.75 g of demineralized water are stirred in successively at room temperature.
- the textiles coated in this way do not exhibit any particular wash permanence.
- the polymers according to the invention with the active monomer (ii) - and only in combination with the organometallic complex in the hydrophobic composition - lead to the desired effect, namely a high hydrophobicity of the finished textiles (see examples 2a and 2b), which can also be reactivated.
- CO12401/WI 37 Examples 2b, 3, 4 and 5 clearly show that the interaction of the active monomer (ii) and the organometallic complex results in coated textiles with outstanding hydrophobicity. Even after mechanical and chemical stress caused by washing, the reduced but still sufficient hydrophobic properties can be maximized again by thermally activating the textile.
- R6 is H or a hydrocarbon radical having 1-6 C atoms, preferably having 1-3 C atoms, more preferably having 1-2 C atoms; CO12401/WI 41 R7 is a hydrocarbon radical having 1-30 C atoms, preferably 1-20 C atoms, more preferably 1-10 C atoms.
- R1 is H or methyl, preferably methyl.
- R2 is an alkyl unit or an alkenyl unit, preferably an alkyl unit, more preferably an ethyl or n-propyl unit, in particular an n-propyl unit. 4. Polymer according to one of the preceding points, wherein R2 comprises at least one heteroatom which is selected from the group consisting of O, P, N and S, preferably O and N, more preferably O. 5. Polymer according to one of the preceding points, wherein R2 is an alkyl unit or an alkenyl unit which is interrupted by an ether group and/or an amine group. 6.
- NMA N-methylolacrylamide
- R6 is H or methyl, more preferably methyl.
- R7 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical, in particular an alkyl radical.
- the starting mixture further comprises (iv) at least one auxiliary monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, (meth)acrylic acid, butyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate.
- the starting mixture further comprises exactly one auxiliary monomer (iv).
- the starting mixture further comprises (v) at least one solvent, preferably water.
- the starting mixture further comprises (vi) an emulsifier system which preferably comprises an ionic, a non-ionic component and a superhydrophobe.
- an emulsifier system which preferably comprises an ionic, a non-ionic component and a superhydrophobe.
- the ionic component is a cationic or anionic component, wherein the cationic component is preferably a quaternary alkylammonium salt or the anionic component is preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- the starting mixture further comprises (vii) at least one reaction initiator, which can be thermally or redox initiated.
- reaction initiator is a peroxide, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of peroxodisulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide (DTBP), t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), potassium peroxodiphosphate, t-butyl peroxopivalate, cumene hydroperoxide, isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, and dicumyl peroxide, preferably TBHP; or an azo initiator, such as azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride (V-50), preferably V-50.
- azo initiator such as azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride (V
- Hydrophobizing composition comprising (a) the polymer according to any one of the preceding points; (b) at least one organometallic complex; and (c) optionally at least one auxiliary substance.
- Hydrophobizing composition according to point 32 wherein the hydrophobizing composition further contains a diluent, preferably water, and the amount of the polymer is 0.1-30% by weight, preferably 0.5-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the hydrophobizing composition; and/or the amount of the organometallic complex is 0.01-2.0% by weight, preferably 0.01-1.5% by weight, more preferably 0.03-1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the hydrophobizing composition. 34.
- Hydrophobing composition according to item 32 or 33 wherein the organometallic complex is an amine, alcoholate, carboxylic or phosphoric acid salt or chelate, preferably an alcoholate or carboxylic acid salt, of a metal which is selected from the group consisting of Pb, Zn, Zr, Sb, Fe, Cd, Sn, Ti, Ba, Ca, Mn, V, Al or Co, preferably Zn, Zr, Ti and Al, more preferably Zr and Ti. 35. Hydrophobing composition according to item 34, wherein the carboxylic acid salt is a naphthenate, octoate, hexoate, laurate, acetate, formate, citrate or lactate, preferably an acetate. 36.
- the organometallic complex is selected from the group consisting of zinc, tin and zirconium octoate; Aluminium alcoholate, such as Al tri-sec-butoxide, Al di-sec-butoxide mono-acetyl acetonate, Al mono-sec-butoxide di-acetylacetonate, Al di-sec-butoxide monoacetoacetate ethyl ester, Al mono-sec-butoxide di-acetoacetate ethyl ester, Al di-sec-butoxide mono-acetate and Al mono-sec-butoxide di-acetate; alkyl titanate; alkyl zirconate; zinc, tin, zirconium, ferric and cobalt naphthenate; zinc and zirconium formate; tin, zinc and zirconium acetate; dibutyltin dicaprylate, dilaurate, diacetate and maleate; dio
- the auxiliary substance is selected from the group consisting of surface-active substances, such as cross-linking agents or surfactants, dispersants, fragrances, dyes, solvents, anti-foaming agents, adhesion promoters or release agents; and/or wherein the amount of auxiliary substance in the hydrophobic composition is 0.1-10% by weight, preferably 0.5-5% by weight, based on the total weight of the hydrophobic composition.
- Redispersible polymer powder obtainable by drying the polymer according to one of points 1-31. 40.
- Process for hydrophobicizing a textile substrate comprising the following steps in the order given: (A) providing the textile substrate; (B) wetting the textile substrate with the hydrophobing composition according to one of points 32-38; and (C) thermally treating the wetted textile substrate obtained after step (B).
- the textile substrate comprises at least one natural fiber, at least one synthetic fiber or a mixture thereof.
- the natural fiber is selected from the group consisting of cotton, linen, hemp, wool, such as sheep's wool, alpaca, angora, cashmere, mohair, yak or merino wool, silk and mixtures thereof, preferably cotton. 43.
- the synthetic fiber is selected from the group consisting of viscose, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, elastane and mixtures thereof, preferably polyester and polyamide.
- the textile substrate comprises cotton, polyester and/or polyamide.
- the textile substrate is a mixture of cotton and at least one synthetic fiber, such as a mixture of cotton and polyester, or wherein the textile is a polyester, a polyamide or a mixture of polyamide and polyester. CO12401/WI 46 46.
- Process according to one of items 40-45 wherein the wetting of the textile substrate with the hydrophobing composition in step (B) takes place in any manner suitable for the treatment of textiles, for example by dipping, brushing, pouring, spraying, rolling, printing, padding or foam application.
- Process according to one of items 40-46 wherein the wetted textile substrate obtained after step (B) is dried for 1-5 hours, preferably for 2-4 hours, at 10-40 °C, in particular at 20-30 °C, or for 1-15 minutes, preferably for 1-5 minutes at 80-150 °C, in particular at 100-130 °C, before the thermal treatment in step (C). 48.
- step (C) Process according to any one of items 40-47, wherein the thermal treatment in step (C) is carried out for 1-60 min, preferably 1-45 min, more preferably 1-30 min, at 50-200 °C, preferably 80-180 °C, more preferably 100-180 °C. 49.
- a starting mixture comprising (i) at least one monomer of the following chemical formula (I) [Formula I], wherein R1 is H or a hydrocarbon radical having 1-6 C atoms, preferably having 1-3 C atoms, more preferably having 1-2 C atoms; R2 is a hydrocarbon moiety having 1-10 C atoms, preferably 1-8 C atoms, more preferably 3-6 C atoms; and R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and each independently of one another is CH3, C2H5, n- CO12401/WI 47 propyl, iso-propyl, OC 2 H 5 , on-propyl, O-iso-propyl, O-Si(CH3)3, O-Si(C2H5)3, O-Si-(n-propyl)3 or O-Si-(iso-propyl)3, preferably CH 3 , O-Si(CH 3 ) 3 , O
- esters and amides of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein the carboxylic acid preferably has up to 6 C atoms, more preferably up to 4 C atoms, in particular selected from esters and amides of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, more preferably selected from N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), N-methylolmethacrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate and alkyl ethers or esters of N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), N-methylolmethacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate.
- NMA N-methylolacrylamide
- NMA N-methylolmethacrylamide
- Process according to item 49 or 50 wherein the process comprises the following steps in the order given: ( ⁇ ) providing the starting mixture according to the invention, as described in any one of items 1-31, which further comprises water (v) and an emulsifier system (vi); (ß) homogenizing the starting mixture provided, preferably by means of stirring, dispersing, treating with ultrasound and/or treating with pressure; ( ⁇ ) adding at least one reaction initiator (vii), optionally in combination with a redox system, to the homogenized reaction mixture at a temperature of 0-100 °C, preferably 5-80 °C, more preferably 30-80 °C, over a period of several hours, preferably in the range of 2-8 hours, more preferably 4-6 hours; ( ⁇ ) reacting the reaction mixture obtained according to ( ⁇ ) and mixed with initiator at a temperature of 30-60 °C, preferably 40-55 °C, over a period of several hours, preferably in the range of 2-8 hours, more preferably 4-6 hours; and ( ⁇ ) cooling the reacted reaction mixture obtained
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090186982A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2009-07-23 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Organosilicone copolymers |
| JP4790140B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-16 | 2011-10-12 | 株式会社カネカ | 塗料用硬化性組成物及び塗装物 |
| CN103214993A (zh) * | 2013-05-04 | 2013-07-24 | 辽宁恒星精细化工有限公司 | 丙烯酸酯静电植绒粘合剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108727545A (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-02 | 鲁东大学 | 一种防腐防污型涂料树脂及其制备方法 |
| US20220275124A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2022-09-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Preparation of an aqueous dispersion of acrylate-siloxane copolymer particles |
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- 2024-04-17 WO PCT/EP2024/060335 patent/WO2024218106A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4790140B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-16 | 2011-10-12 | 株式会社カネカ | 塗料用硬化性組成物及び塗装物 |
| US20090186982A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2009-07-23 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Organosilicone copolymers |
| CN103214993A (zh) * | 2013-05-04 | 2013-07-24 | 辽宁恒星精细化工有限公司 | 丙烯酸酯静电植绒粘合剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108727545A (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-02 | 鲁东大学 | 一种防腐防污型涂料树脂及其制备方法 |
| US20220275124A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2022-09-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Preparation of an aqueous dispersion of acrylate-siloxane copolymer particles |
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| E.T. DENISOVT.G. DENISOVAT.S. POKIDOVA: "Handbook of Free Radical Initiators", 2003, WILEY VERLAG |
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