WO2024204351A1 - 生分解性樹脂組成物及び成形体 - Google Patents
生分解性樹脂組成物及び成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024204351A1 WO2024204351A1 PCT/JP2024/012259 JP2024012259W WO2024204351A1 WO 2024204351 A1 WO2024204351 A1 WO 2024204351A1 JP 2024012259 W JP2024012259 W JP 2024012259W WO 2024204351 A1 WO2024204351 A1 WO 2024204351A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/10—Metal compounds
- C08K3/105—Compounds containing metals of Groups 1 to 3 or of Groups 11 to 13 of the Periodic Table
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08L67/03—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds having the carboxyl- and the hydroxy groups directly linked to aromatic rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biodegradable resin composition and a molded article thereof.
- biodegradable plastics include polybutylene succinate (hereinafter abbreviated as PBS), polybutylene terephthalate/adipate (hereinafter abbreviated as PBAT), polybutylene succinate/terephthalate (hereinafter abbreviated as PBST), polylactic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as PLA), polybutylene succinate/adipate (hereinafter abbreviated as PBSA), and polyhydroxyalkanoate (hereinafter abbreviated as PHA).
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PBAT polybutylene terephthalate/adipate
- PBST polybutylene succinate/terephthalate
- PLA polylactic acid
- PBSA polybutylene succinate/adipate
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PHAs include poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (hereinafter abbreviated as PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate) (hereinafter abbreviated as PHBV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyhexanoate) (hereinafter abbreviated as PHBH), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/4-hydroxybutyrate).
- PHB poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
- PHBV poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate)
- PHBH poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyhexanoate)
- PHBH poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/4-hydroxybutyrate
- these biodegradable polyesters are subject to hydrolysis by water in the environment, and there are concerns that they will deteriorate during processing, storage and use, resulting in a loss of physical properties.
- Patent Document 1 shows that by blending specific amounts of a polycarbodiimide compound and a specific antioxidant together with a biodegradable plastic, it is possible to improve the hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance of the resulting biodegradable plastic composition.
- Patent Document 1 The technology described in Patent Document 1 is a technology that inhibits hydrolysis by reacting carbodiimide with biodegradable polyester, but at the same time, there are issues with the biodegradation rate being significantly reduced, the process of decomposing after use being prolonged, and the fact that the polyester remains in the environment for a long period of time.
- the present invention was made in consideration of the problems with the conventional technology described above, and aims to provide an excellent material that has a good balance between hydrolysis resistance and biodegradability compared to conventional methods for imparting hydrolysis resistance.
- the inventors have discovered that by blending a specific amount of zinc element into a biodegradable resin, the resulting biodegradable resin composition has improved thermal stability and hydrolytic stability. That is, the gist of the present invention lies in the following [1] to [12].
- a composition comprising a biodegradable resin (A) and a zinc element, the zinc element content being 0.001 ppm by mass or more and 7000 ppm by mass or less;
- the biodegradable resin composition includes at least one of (i) a polyester having as main structural units a structural unit derived from an aliphatic diol and a structural unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and (ii) a polyester having as main structural units a structural unit derived from an aliphatic diol, a structural unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and a structural unit derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- the content of constitutional units derived from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids is 40 mol% or more relative to the total of constitutional units derived from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and constitutional units derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids contained in all resins in the biodegradable resin composition.
- biodegradable resin composition according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the bio-content of the biodegradable resin (A) calculated based on ASTM D6866 is 20% or more.
- the present invention provides a biodegradable resin composition that has excellent thermal stability when heated and melted, and excellent hydrolytic stability when in use, as well as a molded article thereof.
- the biodegradable resin composition according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, simply referred to as the "biodegradable resin composition” or “resin composition”) comprises a biodegradable resin (A) and zinc element.
- the zinc element content is 0.001 ppm by mass or more and 7000 ppm by mass or less
- the biodegradable resin (A) is (i) a structural unit derived from an aliphatic diol and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
- the biodegradable resin composition contains zinc element in a content of 0.001 ppm by mass or more and 7000 ppm by mass or less.
- elemental zinc may be incorporated as simple zinc, or, if other components are contained in the composition, zinc may be incorporated in the other components.
- compositions containing elemental zinc and other components include zinc salts such as zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc fatty acid, zinc oxalate, zinc phosphate, and zinc oxide, as well as calcium carbonate containing elemental zinc such as heavy calcium carbonate.
- Heavy calcium carbonate is calcium carbonate produced by physically crushing and classifying natural limestone, unlike light calcium carbonate which is produced chemically using limestone as a raw material.
- the content of zinc element in the biodegradable resin composition is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.001 ppm by mass or more and 7000 ppm by mass or less, but is preferably 0.01 ppm by mass or more, more preferably 0.05 ppm by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.1 ppm by mass or more, and is preferably 5000 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 3000 ppm by mass or less, even more preferably 2000 ppm by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1000 ppm by mass or less.
- the content is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance of the biodegradable resin composition are ensured.
- the content is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the above range, the biodegradable resin composition is less likely to be decomposed by acids or alkalis derived from the zinc component.
- the zinc element content in the biodegradable resin composition can be measured by weighing the sample, dissolving it by adding nitric acid, and then adding pure water to a constant volume, and using an ICP luminescence device (Agilent 5800) to measure the content by the standard addition method.
- the biodegradable resin (A) is a polyester having as its main structural units a structural unit derived from an aliphatic diol and a structural unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and (ii) a structural unit derived from an aliphatic diol. units, or polyesters having as main structural units structural units derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or structural units derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- aliphatic diol unit a structural unit derived from an aliphatic diol
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit a structural unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit a structural unit derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. Also called "dicarboxylic acid unit.”
- the content of the biodegradable resin (A) in the biodegradable resin composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of moldability and mechanical properties, it is usually 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more. There is no particular need to set an upper limit, and it is sufficient if it is 100% by mass or less.
- the constituent units of the biodegradable resin (A) are explained below.
- any aliphatic diol that is usually used as a raw material for polyesters can be used without any particular limitation.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic diol is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 20, further preferably 4 to 12, and particularly preferably 4 to 10.
- the carbon number of the aliphatic diol is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the biodegradability and mechanical properties are well balanced, whereas when the carbon number of the aliphatic diol is equal to or less than the upper limit of the above range, the crystallinity is good.
- aliphatic diols include alkylene diols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol; oxyalkylene diols such as diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene ether glycol; and cycloalkylene diols such as 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
- alkylene diols such as
- ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,10-decanediol are preferred, with ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol being particularly preferred.
- These aliphatic diols may or may not be derivatives.
- the above aliphatic diol compounds may be compounds having a structure in which one or more types of compounds are mutually dehydrated and condensed.
- the above aliphatic diols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, etc., derived from plant materials can be used.
- the content of aliphatic diol units in the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, it is usually 10 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or more, more preferably 45 mol% or more, and even more preferably 49 mol% or more, relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A). Also, it is usually 55 mol% or less, and even more preferably 50 mol% or less.
- the biodegradable resin (A) may be an embodiment in which the main structural unit contains a structural unit derived from an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid as a structural unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid (hereinafter also referred to as "Aspect A”).
- the biodegradable resin (A) may be an embodiment in which the main structural unit contains, in addition to the structural unit, a structural unit derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (hereinafter also referred to as "Aspect B").
- both the polyester of Aspect A and the polyester of Aspect B may be used.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 4 to 20, further preferably 4 to 12, and particularly preferably 4 to 10.
- the carbon number of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the thermal stability is excellent, whereas when the carbon number of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is equal to or less than the upper limit of the above range, the biodegradability and thermal stability are excellent.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecadicarboxylic acid, dodecadicarboxylic acid, and dimer acid.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, succinic anhydride, adipic acid, and sebacic acid are preferred from the viewpoints of heat resistance and crystallinity.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having four carbon atoms such as succinic acid or succinic anhydride are preferred from the viewpoints of biodegradability, cost, and thermal stability, with succinic acid being more preferred.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 12, and more preferably 6 to 8.
- the carbon number of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the thermal stability is good, and when the carbon number of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid is equal to or less than the upper limit of the above range, the biodegradability is good.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids include 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, dibromoisophthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, 1,4-phenylenedioxydicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylketonedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, and hexahydroterephthalic acid.
- 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid are preferred from the viewpoints of raw material availability and biodegradability, with terephthalic acid
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid may or may not be a derivative of these.
- derivatives of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids exemplified above are preferred, and among them, lower alkyl esters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or acid anhydrides can be mentioned.
- Specific examples of derivatives of aromatic dicarboxylic acid compounds include lower alkyl esters such as methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, and butyl esters of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids exemplified above; or cyclic acid anhydrides of the aromatic dicarboxylic acids exemplified above, such as phthalic anhydride.
- the above aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aromatic dicarboxylic acids may each be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- succinic acid succinic anhydride, adipic acid, etc.
- succinic acid can be derived from plant materials.
- the content is usually 30 mol% or more, preferably 40 mol% or more, more preferably 45 mol% or more, and even more preferably 49 mol% or more, based on 100 mol% of all the constituent units constituting the biodegradable resin (A), and is usually 70 mol% or less, preferably 60 mol% or less, more preferably 55 mol% or less, and even more preferably 50 mol% or less.
- the content of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units in the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of biodegradability and crystallinity, it is usually 20 mol% or more, preferably 25 mol% or more, and more preferably 27 mol% or more, relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A), and is usually 50 mol% or less, preferably 40 mol% or less, and more preferably 30 mol% or less.
- the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units in the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of biodegradability and crystallinity, it is usually 5 mol% or more, preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 22 mol% or more, relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A). It is also usually 50 mol% or less, preferably 40 mol% or less, and more preferably 30 mol% or less.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units relative to the total of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units and aromatic dicarboxylic acid units contained in all resins in the biodegradable resin composition is preferably 40 mol % or more, more preferably 45 mol % or more, and particularly preferably 50 mol % or more. When the content is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the composition has excellent biodegradability, thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance.
- the biodegradable resin composition may contain a resin other than the biodegradable resin (A).
- the above-mentioned "content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units contained in all resins in the biodegradable resin composition" can be adjusted to satisfy the above-mentioned preferred range by adjusting the amount of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units in the resins other than the biodegradable resin (A).
- copolymerization components include oxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid; esters, lactones, and oxycarboxylic acid polymers of these oxycarboxylic acids; trifunctional or higher polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol; and trifunctional or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids or their anhydrides such as propanetricarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, and trimellitic acid, benzophenonet
- trifunctional or higher oxycarboxylic acid such as malic acid, citric acid, or fumaric acid is preferred, and malic acid is particularly preferred.
- oxycarboxylic acid such as malic acid, citric acid, or fumaric acid is preferred, and malic acid is particularly preferred.
- components constituting trifunctional or higher polyhydric alcohol units include glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of trifunctional or higher polyfunctional compounds is preferably 0.001 to 5 mol %, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol %, relative to 100 mol % of all dicarboxylic acid components in the polyester raw material. If the amount exceeds the upper limit of this range, gel (unmelted material) is likely to form in the resulting polyester, and if it is below the lower limit, the advantage of using polyfunctional compounds (which usually makes it possible to increase the viscosity of the resulting polyester) is difficult to obtain.
- the bio-degree of the biodegradable resin (A) calculated based on ASTM D6866 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of reducing greenhouse gases, it is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 30% or more, and particularly preferably 50% or more.
- the upper limit does not need to be set, and it may be 100%, 100% or less, 70% or less, or 65% or less.
- the bio-degree can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of monomer units produced from plant-derived raw materials to all constituent units constituting one or more types of biodegradable resin (A).
- the bio-degree may be satisfied by one type of biodegradable resin (A), or may be satisfied by the entire one or more types of biodegradable resin (A), and it is preferable that at least one type of biodegradable resin (A) satisfies the bio-degree.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV, dL/g) of the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but the intrinsic viscosity of at least one of the biodegradable resins (A) is preferably 1.2 dL/g or more, more preferably 1.4 dL/g or more, and particularly preferably 1.6 dL/g or more.
- the intrinsic viscosity is preferably 2.8 dL/g or less, more preferably 2.5 or less, and particularly preferably 2.3 dL/g or less. All of the one or more biodegradable resins (A) may satisfy the intrinsic viscosity.
- the intrinsic viscosity is below the lower limit of the above range, it is difficult to obtain sufficient mechanical strength when molded into a molded product. If the intrinsic viscosity exceeds the upper limit of the above range, the melt viscosity during molding is high and molding is difficult.
- the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is usually 80 (equivalents/ton) or less, preferably 60 (equivalents/ton) or less, more preferably 40 (equivalents/ton) or less, and particularly preferably 25 (equivalents/ton) or less.
- the lower the lower limit the better the thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance, but it is usually 5 (equivalents/ton) or more. If the upper limit is exceeded, the viscosity reduction due to hydrolysis becomes significant, and the quality may be significantly impaired.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but the MFR of at least one of the biodegradable resins (A) is preferably 0.5 to 50 g/10 min, as measured at 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg based on JIS K7210 (2014). For film applications and extrusion molding applications, it is more preferably 0.5 to 20 g/10 min, and even more preferably 1.0 to 10 g/10 min. If the MFR is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the fluidity required for molding is obtained, and if it is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the resin has excellent bubble stability during film molding.
- the MFR may be satisfied by all of one or more biodegradable resins (A). If the MFR is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the flowability required for molding is obtained, and if it is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the resin will have excellent mechanical properties such as the impact strength of injection molded articles.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight of at least one of the biodegradable resins (A) is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 25,000 or more, even more preferably 50,000 or more, particularly preferably 100,000 or more, and preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 500,000 or less, and particularly preferably 300,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight may be satisfied by all of the one or more biodegradable resins (A). If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the material will have excellent moldability and mechanical properties.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is equal to or less than the upper limit of the above range, molding at a low temperature of about 100 to 200 ° C. is possible, which is excellent.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is determined by measuring the molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at a temperature of 40° C. using chloroform as a solvent, and converting the measured value into a monodisperse polystyrene equivalent value.
- the melting point (Tm) of the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is usually 50°C or higher, preferably 70°C or higher, more preferably 80°C or higher, and even more preferably 85°C or higher, and is usually 200°C or lower, preferably 180°C or lower, more preferably 150°C or lower, and even more preferably 130°C or lower. If the melting point is at or above the lower limit of the range, it is excellent in terms of crystallization and heat resistance. Also, if the melting point is at or above the lower limit of the range, it is excellent in that low-temperature molding is possible.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is usually ⁇ 70° C. or higher, preferably ⁇ 50° C. or higher, more preferably ⁇ 40° C. or higher, and even more preferably ⁇ 35° C. or higher, and is usually 60° C. or lower, preferably 30° C. or lower, more preferably 20° C. or lower, and even more preferably 10° C. or lower. If the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit of the range, the crystallinity is good. Also, if the glass transition temperature is at or above the lower limit of the range, the resin has excellent biodegradability.
- the crystallization temperature (crystallization peak temperature) (Tc) of the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, but is usually 0°C or higher, preferably 10°C or higher, more preferably 20°C or higher, and even more preferably 30°C or higher, and is usually 150°C or lower, preferably 100°C or lower, and even more preferably 85°C or lower. If the crystallization temperature is higher than the lower limit of the range, a sufficient crystallization rate is achieved during molding. Also, if the crystallization temperature is lower than the upper limit of the range, stable molding is possible.
- the melting point, glass transition temperature, and crystallization temperature can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by Seiko Corporation, product name: DSC220). Specifically, about 5 mg of a sample is precisely weighed, heated and melted under a nitrogen gas flow with a flow rate of 40 mL/min, and then cooled at a rate of 10° C./min to measure the crystallization temperature Tc, and the glass transition temperature and melting point can be measured while the temperature is subsequently increased at a rate of 10° C./min.
- a differential scanning calorimeter manufactured by Seiko Corporation, product name: DSC220. Specifically, about 5 mg of a sample is precisely weighed, heated and melted under a nitrogen gas flow with a flow rate of 40 mL/min, and then cooled at a rate of 10° C./min to measure the crystallization temperature Tc, and the glass transition temperature and melting point can be measured while the temperature is subsequently increased at a rate of 10° C./min.
- the above melting point, glass transition temperature, and crystallization temperature may be satisfied by one type of biodegradable resin (A), or may be satisfied by all of the one or more types of biodegradable resins (A), and it is preferable that at least one type of biodegradable resin (A) satisfies these requirements.
- the method for producing the biodegradable resin (A) is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used. Hereinafter, a method for producing the biodegradable resin (A) will be described, however, this is merely an example, and the method for producing the biodegradable resin (A) is not limited to this embodiment.
- a raw material containing a diol and a dicarboxylic acid is subjected to a reaction process including an esterification process in the presence of a catalyst, and then a polycondensation reaction process is performed to cause a polycondensation reaction.
- the esterification reaction is a reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted into an ester
- the transesterification reaction is a reaction in which an ester and an alcohol are reacted to exchange the main chain portions of these.
- the method for carrying out the esterification reaction treatment is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the esterification reaction treatment and other subsequent treatments may be carried out in a plurality of continuous reaction tanks or in a single reaction tank. However, in order to reduce variation in the physical properties of the resulting polyester, it is preferable to carry out the treatments in a plurality of continuous reaction tanks.
- the reaction temperature in the esterification reaction process is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the esterification reaction can be carried out, but it is preferably 200°C or higher, more preferably 210°C or higher, in order to increase the reaction rate, and is preferably 250°C or lower, more preferably 245°C or lower, and particularly preferably 240°C or lower, in order to prevent discoloration of the polyester.
- the esterification temperature is a constant temperature.
- a constant temperature stabilizes the esterification rate.
- the constant temperature may be within ⁇ 5°C of the set temperature, and is preferably within ⁇ 2°C.
- the reaction atmosphere is not particularly limited, but is preferably an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, etc.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 50 kPa to 200 kPa, preferably 60 kPa or more, more preferably 70 kPa or more, and is preferably 130 kPa or less, more preferably 110 kPa or less.
- reaction pressure is less than the lower limit of the above range, the amount of scattered material in the reaction tank increases, the haze of the reaction product increases, and this is likely to cause an increase in foreign matter, and the diol component is more likely to be distilled out of the reaction system, which is likely to cause a decrease in the polycondensation reaction rate. If the reaction pressure is more than the upper limit of the above range, the dehydration decomposition of the diol component increases, which is likely to cause a decrease in the polycondensation rate.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 hour or more, and is preferably 10 hours or less, and more preferably 4 hours or less.
- the reaction step includes a polycondensation reaction treatment described later, it is preferable to subject an esterification reaction product having an esterification rate of 80% or more to the polycondensation reaction treatment.
- the polycondensation reaction generally refers to a high molecular weight reaction of polyester carried out at a reaction pressure of 50 kPa or less.
- the esterification reaction is generally carried out at 50 to 200 kPa and is preferably carried out in an esterification reaction tank, and the polycondensation reaction is generally carried out at 50 kPa or less, preferably 10 kPa or less, and is preferably carried out in a polycondensation reaction tank.
- the reaction pressure in the polycondensation reaction tank is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 kPa or more, preferably 0.03 kPa or more, and usually 1.4 kPa or less, preferably 0.4 kPa or less. If the pressure during the polycondensation reaction is too high, the polycondensation time becomes long, which leads to a decrease in molecular weight and coloration due to thermal decomposition of the polyester, and it tends to become difficult to produce a polyester that exhibits sufficient properties for practical use.
- a production method using an ultra-high vacuum polycondensation facility with a reaction pressure of less than 0.01 kPa is a preferable embodiment from the viewpoint of improving the polycondensation reaction rate, but is economically disadvantageous because it requires an extremely expensive capital investment.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually 215°C or higher, preferably 220°C or higher, and usually 270°C or lower, preferably 260°C or lower. If the reaction temperature is below the lower limit of the above range, not only will the polycondensation reaction rate be slow, and it will take a long time to produce a polyester with a high degree of polymerization, but a high-power mixer will also be required, which is economically disadvantageous. On the other hand, if the reaction temperature exceeds the upper limit of the above range, thermal decomposition of the polyester resin during production is likely to occur, making it difficult to produce a polyester with a high degree of polymerization.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 hour or more and usually 15 hours or less, preferably 10 hours or less, and more preferably 8 hours. If the reaction time is too short, the reaction will be insufficient, making it difficult to obtain a polyester with a high degree of polymerization, and the mechanical properties of the molded product will tend to be poor. On the other hand, if the reaction time is too long, the molecular weight will decrease significantly due to thermal decomposition of the polyester resin, and not only will the mechanical properties of the molded product tend to be poor, but the amount of carboxyl group terminals, which has a negative effect on the durability of the polyester resin, may increase due to thermal decomposition.
- reaction catalyst The esterification reaction and polycondensation reaction are accelerated by using a reaction catalyst.
- a sufficient reaction rate can be obtained even without an esterification reaction catalyst.
- an esterification reaction catalyst is present during the esterification reaction, the catalyst may produce insoluble precipitates in the reaction product due to water produced by the esterification reaction, which may impair the transparency of the polyester obtained (i.e., increase the haze) and may become a foreign substance, so it is preferable not to add a reaction catalyst during the esterification reaction.
- a catalyst is added to the gas phase of the reaction tank, the haze of the polyester obtained may increase and the catalyst may become a foreign substance, so it is preferable to add the catalyst to the reaction liquid.
- a catalyst a compound containing at least one of the metal elements of Groups 1 to 14 of the Periodic Table is used as a polycondensation reaction catalyst.
- metal elements include scandium, yttrium, samarium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, antimony, cerium, germanium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iron, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, strontium, sodium, and potassium.
- scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, iron, and germanium are preferred, and titanium, zirconium, tungsten, iron, and germanium are particularly preferred.
- metal elements in Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table that exhibit Lewis acidity are preferred. Specifically, these are scandium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, or tungsten, with titanium and zirconium being particularly preferred due to their ease of availability, and titanium being even more preferred in terms of reaction activity.
- the catalyst preferably used is a compound containing an organic group, such as a carboxylate, an alkoxy salt, an organic sulfonate, or a ⁇ -diketonate salt, containing the above metal element; or an inorganic compound, such as an oxide or halide of the above metal element, or a mixture thereof.
- an organic group such as a carboxylate, an alkoxy salt, an organic sulfonate, or a ⁇ -diketonate salt, containing the above metal element
- an inorganic compound such as an oxide or halide of the above metal element, or a mixture thereof.
- the catalyst is preferably a compound that is liquid during polymerization or dissolves in the ester oligomer or polyester, because the polymerization rate increases when the catalyst is in a molten or dissolved state during polymerization.
- the solvent for dissolving the catalyst examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or butanol, the above-mentioned diols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, or pentanediol, ethers such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile, hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane or toluene, water, or mixtures thereof, and the amount used is such that the catalyst concentration in the polyester raw material is usually 0.0001 mass% or more and 99 mass% or less.
- the catalyst can be diluted with diols such as 1,4-butanediol or ethylene glycol, and in this case, the diols can also function as raw materials for polyester.
- the titanium compound is preferably a tetraalkyl titanate or a hydrolyzate thereof, and specific examples include tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-t-butyl titanate, tetraphenyl titanate, tetracyclohexyl titanate, tetrabenzyl titanate, mixed titanates thereof, or hydrolyzates thereof.
- titanium compounds examples include titanium (oxy)acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, titanium (diisopropoxide)acetylacetonate, titanium bis(ammonium lactate)dihydroxide, titanium bis(ethylacetoacetate)diisopropoxide, titanium (triethanolamine)isopropoxide, polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium lactate, titanium triethanolamine, and butyl titanate dimer.
- titanium compounds liquids obtained by mixing alcohol, Group 2 metal compounds in the long-form periodic table (Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Group 2 metal compounds in the long-form periodic table), phosphate compounds, or titanium compounds can also be used.
- tetra-n-propyl titanate tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, titanium (oxy) acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, titanium bis(ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium lactate, butyl titanate dimer, or liquids obtained by mixing alcohols, Group 2 metal compounds in the long periodic table, phosphate ester compounds, and/or titanium compounds are preferred, and ...
- liquids obtained by mixing cetyl acetonate, polyhydroxy titanium stearate, titanium lactate, butyl titanate dimer, alcohols, a Group 2 metal compound in the long periodic table, a phosphate ester compound, and/or a titanium compound and particularly preferred are liquids obtained by mixing tetra-n-butyl titanate, polyhydroxy titanium stearate, titanium (oxy) acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, alcohols, a Group 2 metal compound in the long periodic table, a phosphate ester compound, and/or a titanium compound.
- zirconium compounds include zirconium tetraacetate, zirconium acetate hydroxide, zirconium tris(butoxy)stearate, zirconyl diacetate, zirconium oxalate, zirconyl oxalate, potassium zirconium oxalate, polyhydroxyzirconium stearate, zirconium ethoxide, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium tetraisopropoxide, zirconium tetra-n-butoxide, zirconium tetra-t-butoxide, zirconium tributoxyacetylacetonate, or mixtures thereof.
- zirconyl diacetate, zirconium tris(butoxy)stearate, zirconium tetraacetate, zirconium acetate hydroxide, ammonium zirconium oxalate, potassium zirconium oxalate, polyhydroxyzirconium stearate, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium tetraisopropoxide, zirconium tetra-n-butoxide, and zirconium tetra-t-butoxide are preferred, with zirconyl diacetate, zirconium tetraacetate, zirconium acetate hydroxide, zirconium tris(butoxy)stearate, ammonium zirconium oxalate, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, and zirconium tetra-n-butoxide being more preferred, and zirconium tris(butoxy)stearate being particularly
- germanium compounds include inorganic germanium compounds such as germanium oxide or germanium chloride, and organic germanium compounds such as tetraalkoxygermanium.
- germanium oxide, tetraethoxygermanium, and tetrabutoxygermanium are preferred, with germanium oxide being particularly preferred.
- iron compounds include inorganic chlorides such as ferric chloride, inorganic oxides such as triiron tetroxide, and organic iron complexes such as ferrocene. Of these, inorganic oxides are preferred.
- Other metal-containing compounds include scandium compounds such as scandium carbonate, scandium acetate, scandium chloride, and scandium acetylacetonate; yttrium compounds such as yttrium carbonate, yttrium chloride, yttrium acetate, and yttrium acetylacetonate; vanadium compounds such as vanadium chloride, vanadium trichloride oxide, vanadium acetylacetonate, and vanadium acetylacetonate oxide; molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum chloride and molybdenum acetate; tungsten compounds such as tungsten chloride, tungsten acetate, and tungstic acid; and lanthanide compounds such as cerium chloride, samarium chloride, and ytterbium chloride.
- scandium compounds such as scandium carbonate, scandium acetate, scandium chloride, and scandium acetylacetonate
- the amount of the polycondensation catalyst added is not particularly limited, but the lower limit of the amount of metal relative to the polyester produced is usually 0.1 mass ppm or more, preferably 0.5 mass ppm or more, more preferably 1 mass ppm or more, and the upper limit is usually 3000 mass ppm or less, preferably 1000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 250 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably 130 mass ppm or less. This range is particularly preferably applicable when a metal compound is used as a polycondensation catalyst.
- the amount of catalyst used is too large, not only is it economically disadvantageous, but the carboxyl group terminal concentration of the polyester resin may increase, and the thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance of the polyester may decrease due to the increase in the amount of carboxyl group terminals and the residual catalyst concentration. Conversely, if the amount is too small, the polymerization activity will be low, which will induce thermal decomposition of the polyester during polyester production, making it difficult to obtain a polyester that exhibits practically useful physical properties.
- the location of the catalyst added to the reaction system is not particularly limited as long as it is added before the polycondensation reaction step, and it may be added when the raw materials are charged. However, if the catalyst is present in a situation where a large amount of water is present or generated, the catalyst may be deactivated, causing the precipitation of foreign matter and impairing the quality of the product, so it is preferable to add it after the esterification reaction step.
- the esterification reaction tank for carrying out the esterification reaction treatment may be a known one, which may be any of the following types: a vertical agitated complete mixing tank, a vertical thermal convection mixing tank, or a tower-type continuous reaction tank, and may be a single tank or a plurality of tanks of the same or different types connected in series.
- a reaction tank having an agitator is preferred, and as the agitator, in addition to a normal type having a power unit, bearings, shaft, and agitator blades, a high-speed rotating type such as a turbine stator type high-speed rotating agitator, a disk mill type agitator, or a rotor mill type agitator may also be used.
- the type of stirring can also be selected from known types, and specific examples include propeller blades, screw blades, turbine blades, fan turbine blades, disk turbine blades, Pfaudle blades, full zone blades, and Max Blend blades.
- polycondensation reaction tank There are no particular limitations on the type of polycondensation reaction tank, and examples include vertical agitation polymerization tanks, horizontal agitation polymerization tanks, and thin-film evaporation polymerization tanks.
- the polycondensation reaction tank can be a single tank, or a multiple tank arrangement in which multiple tanks of the same or different types are connected in series.
- the biodegradable resin composition preferably further contains an inorganic filler.
- an inorganic filler By containing an inorganic filler, the rigidity of the molded article is increased, and when the molded article is made into a film, the inorganic filler is expected to have an effect as an antiblocking agent.
- the inorganic filler has an effect of accelerating the disintegration of the molded article in soil or seawater during disposal after use.
- Inorganic fillers can be fibrous, powdery, plate-like, or needle-like in shape, with powdery and plate-like fillers being particularly preferred.
- powdery fillers include mineral particles such as talc, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, clay, silica, and quartz powder; metal carbonate particles such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and heavy calcium carbonate; metal silicate particles such as calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, and magnesium silicate; metal oxide particles such as alumina, silica, zinc oxide, and titanium oxide; metal hydroxide particles such as aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide; metal sulfate particles such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate; and carbon particles such as carbon black.
- plate-like fillers include mica.
- talc, calcium carbonate, silica, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, etc. can be used as the inorganic filler, and from the viewpoint of the environmental friendliness after biodegradation, talc, calcium carbonate, and silica are more preferable, and calcium carbonate is particularly preferable.
- the particle size of the inorganic filler used is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.001 to 30 ⁇ m, 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, or 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio has an upper limit of usually 1000 or less, preferably 500 or less, and more preferably 100 or less, and a lower limit of usually 1 or more, preferably 10 or more, and more preferably 15 or more. If the aspect ratio is too small, the expected physical properties such as rigidity and heat resistance tend not to be exhibited, and if it is too large, it tends to cause poor appearance and deteriorate the physical properties of the film.
- the aspect ratio here is the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the inorganic filler.
- the aspect ratio of a particle is the arithmetic average of the ratio of the longest axis to the shortest axis of at least 10 particles observed in a scanning electron microscope photograph with a field of view of 100 ⁇ m x 100 ⁇ m.
- particles dispersed in a dispersion medium can be measured using the sedimentation method, laser scattering analysis, or laser Doppler method.
- the value is measured based on the sedimentation velocity of the particles (Stokes' law) using a Shimadzu Corporation centrifugal sedimentation type particle size distribution analyzer SA-CP4L or a Shimadzu Corporation automatic particle size distribution analyzer RS-1000.
- the specific surface area of the inorganic filler used is not particularly limited, but if the specific surface area is too large, the rigidity tends not to be sufficiently improved, and if it is too small, the transparency tends to decrease.
- the specific surface area of the inorganic filler used is usually 8000 cm 2 /g or more, preferably 10000 cm 2 /g or more, and on the other hand, usually 50000 cm 2 /g or less, preferably 40000 cm 2 /g or less.
- the upper limit of the hardness (Mohs hardness) of the filler used is usually 9 or less, preferably 8 or less, and more preferably 7 or less, and the lower limit is usually 1 or more, preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more.
- Mohs hardness referred to here refers to a value obtained by rubbing a standard substance with a sample substance and measuring the hardness based on the presence or absence of scratches.
- Hardness 1 Talc
- Hardness 2 Gypsum
- Hardness 3 Calcite
- Hardness 4 Fluorite
- Hardness 5 Apatite
- Hardness 6 Orthoclase
- Hardness 7 Quartz
- Hardness 8 Jade
- Hardness 9 Corundum
- Hardness 10 Diamond
- the inorganic filler may be surface-treated, and in this case, it may be possible to improve the dispersibility of the inorganic filler, improve the flowability of the resin composition, and improve the smoothness and opening property when made into a film. Furthermore, by performing surface treatment, it is expected that the required amount of additives such as inorganic filler and plasticizer to be mixed into the resin composition can be reduced.
- the surface treatment of the inorganic filler can be performed by a commonly known method, and the method of surface treatment is not particularly limited. Examples of the surface treatment agent include linear fatty acids having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, branched fatty acids, and ester compounds thereof.
- These inorganic fillers may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed together that differ in material, physical properties, surface treatment, etc.
- the content of the inorganic filler in the biodegradable resin composition is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1% by mass or more, and is preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, and even more preferably 30% by mass or less. If the content of the inorganic filler is equal to or more than the lower limit, the effect of the inorganic filler can be sufficiently obtained, and if it is equal to or less than the upper limit, deterioration of physical properties due to poor dispersion of the inorganic filler can be prevented.
- calcium carbonate is particularly preferably used as the inorganic filler.
- the calcium carbonate calcium carbonate containing zinc element may be used, or calcium carbonate not containing zinc element may be used.
- the biodegradable resin composition preferably contains calcium carbonate containing zinc element.
- the carboxylic acid at the polyester end interacts with the zinc element, suppressing intramolecular acid hydrolysis caused by the terminal carboxylic acid, and at the same time, the nucleating effect of the calcium carbonate promotes crystallization of the biodegradable resin, resulting in a biodegradable resin composition with excellent thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance.
- the form of calcium carbonate is not particularly limited, and known calcium carbonate can be used, for example, light calcium carbonate or heavy calcium carbonate.
- known calcium carbonate can be used, for example, light calcium carbonate or heavy calcium carbonate.
- calcium carbonate containing zinc element for example, heavy calcium carbonate which is produced by physically crushing and classifying limestone and contains zinc element. Since the presence or absence of zinc element and its content in heavy calcium carbonate vary depending on the production area and quality of limestone as a raw material, it is preferable to appropriately select heavy calcium carbonate made from limestone of a specific production area and quality.
- zinc-containing heavy calcium carbonate usually contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, iron, silicon, phosphorus, strontium, sulfur, barium, chromium, copper, potassium, manganese, and sodium in addition to zinc, when zinc-containing heavy calcium carbonate is used as calcium carbonate, the element is contained in the polyester resin composition.
- light calcium carbonate usually does not contain zinc or the above elements.
- the content of calcium carbonate in the biodegradable resin composition is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 mass% or more, preferably 0.1 mass% or more, more preferably 1 mass% or more, and even more preferably 5 mass% or more, and is usually 70 mass% or less, preferably 50 mass% or less, more preferably 30 mass% or less, and particularly preferably 25 mass% or less.
- the content is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, a resin composition having excellent thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance can be obtained.
- the content is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the above range, a resin composition having excellent moldability and mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the content of elemental zinc in the calcium carbonate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 ppm by mass or more, more preferably 0.1 ppm by mass or more, and particularly preferably 1 ppm by mass or more, and is preferably 10,000 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, even more preferably 100 ppm by mass or less, and particularly preferably 50 ppm by mass or less.
- the content is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the resin composition has excellent thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance.
- the content is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the above range, coloration and promotion of hydrolysis of polyester due to Lewis acidity of zinc are unlikely to occur.
- the biodegradable resin composition may contain components other than the biodegradable resin (A), zinc element, and inorganic filler, such as polyesters other than the biodegradable resin (A), resins other than polyesters, carbodiimide compounds, fillers other than inorganic fillers, or plasticizers.
- a resin other than the biodegradable resin (A) it is preferable to use a biodegradable resin as the resin, and for example, polycaprolactone, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, or cellulose ester, or animal/plant material fine powders such as starch, cellulose, paper, wood flour, chitin/chitosan, coconut shell powder, and walnut shell powder, or mixtures thereof may be blended.
- additives such as heat stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, antiblocking agents, nucleating agents, colorants, pigments, ultraviolet absorbers, or light stabilizers, modifiers, or crosslinking agents may be included.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the biodegradable resin composition is preferably 0.5 to 30 g/10 min, measured at 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg based on JIS K7210 (2014). For film applications and extrusion molding applications, it is more preferably 1.0 to 10 g/10 min, and even more preferably 2.0 to 6.0 g/10 min. If the MFR is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the fluidity required for molding is obtained, and if it is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the resin has excellent bubble stability during film molding.
- the MFR is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the fluidity required for molding is obtained, and if it is equal to or lower than the upper limit, the resin has excellent mechanical properties such as the impact strength of the injection molded product.
- the method for producing a biodegradable resin composition includes a mixing step of mixing a biodegradable resin (A) with a simple zinc element or a component containing a zinc element (such as a zinc salt or calcium carbonate powder containing a zinc element), and includes a method of melt-mixing the biodegradable resin (A) and the simple zinc element or the component containing a zinc element all at once in an extruder, and a method of feeding each of these from separate feeders into a kneader and mixing them.
- a mixing step of mixing a biodegradable resin (A) with a simple zinc element or a component containing a zinc element such as a zinc salt or calcium carbonate powder containing a zinc element
- the zinc salt when a zinc salt is used as a component containing a zinc element, the zinc salt may be added as a powder, or may be added after being dispersed or dissolved in water, a solvent, oil, or the like.
- the zinc salt and the biodegradable resin (A) are kneaded in an extruder in advance so that the zinc salt is 10 ppm by mass to 30% by mass, and the mixture is diluted with the biodegradable resin (A) as a master batch and kneaded to adjust the zinc concentration.
- the component containing zinc element when using calcium carbonate powder containing zinc element as the component containing zinc element, it is possible to adjust the calcium carbonate concentration and zinc concentration in the resin composition by adjusting the biodegradable resin (A) and calcium carbonate containing zinc element in advance to a high concentration calcium carbonate master batch of 50 mass% or more, diluting it again with the biodegradable resin (A) and kneading it.
- the extruder a single screw or twin screw extruder can be used.
- the resin kneaded with the twin screw extruder can be pelletized with a pelletizer or an underwater cutter, and the pellets can be used in various subsequent molding processes.
- biodegradable resin (A) and pellets of the zinc element alone or a component containing the zinc element, and other raw material pellets to a molding machine to prepare a resin composition and at the same time obtain a molded body such as a film.
- molded article of the present invention is a molded article of the biodegradable resin composition described above.
- the manufacturing method of the molded article is not particularly limited, and the molded article can be molded by a known polyester molding method.
- the molding method is not particularly limited, and known methods such as compression molding, lamination molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, vacuum molding, pressure molding, blow molding, inflation molding, and stretch molding can be used. More specifically, for example, a method in which a film-like, sheet-like, or cylindrical article extruded to a predetermined thickness from a T-die, I-die, or round die is cooled and solidified by a cooling roll, water, compressed air, or the like can be mentioned.
- the uses of the molded products are not limited, and specifically they can be used for food films, fresh food trays, fast food containers, outdoor leisure products, fishing lines, fishing nets, vegetation nets, water-retaining sheets, coating materials, agricultural mulch films, fertilizer coating materials, seedling beds, flower pots, etc., striped tape, split yarn, composite fibers, shopping bags, zippers, shrink films, fruit and vegetable bags, shopping bags, garbage bags, compost bags, cosmetic containers, detergent containers, bleach containers, ropes, binding materials, surgical thread, sanitary cover stock materials, cooler boxes, cushioning materials, and synthetic paper.
- This mixed solution was concentrated under reduced pressure while controlling the temperature at 60°C or less. Approximately half of the amount of ethanol added was distilled off, leaving a translucent viscous liquid. 1108 parts by mass of 1,4-butanediol was added thereto, and further concentration was performed under reduced pressure while controlling the temperature at 80°C or less to obtain a catalyst solution with a titanium atom content of 3.5% by mass.
- a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet, a heater, a thermometer and a pressure reducing port was charged with 33.6 parts by mass of succinic acid, 38.6 parts by mass of terephthalic acid, 69.7 parts by mass of 1,4-butanediol (manufactured by Dairen Chemical Co., Ltd., petrochemical product), 0.138 parts by mass of trimethylolpropane (0.200 mol% relative to 100 mol% of the total of succinic acid and terephthalic acid), 0.10 parts by mass of polyethylene wax ("ACumistB6" manufactured by Honeywell Co., Ltd., melting point: 124 ° C.), and 0.0017 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and further added tetra-n-butyl titanate so that the titanium atom amount was 30 ppm by mass per polyester resin obtained.
- succinic acid 38.6 parts by mass of terephthalic acid
- the melting point, crystallization temperature, and glass transition temperature of the produced biodegradable resin (A-1) were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (manufactured by Seiko Corporation, product name: DSC220). Specifically, about 5 mg of a sample was precisely weighed, heated and melted under a nitrogen gas flow with a flow rate of 40 mL/min, and then cooled at a rate of 10°C/min. The crystallization exothermic peak temperature Tc was determined. The temperature at which the baseline shifted when the temperature was subsequently increased at a rate of 10°C/min was determined as the glass transition temperature. The endothermic peak temperature of crystalline melting observed when the temperature was subsequently increased at a rate of 10°C/min was determined as the melting point.
- the biodegradable resin (A-1) measured as above had a melting point of 110°C, a glass transition temperature of -20°C, and a crystallization peak temperature (Tc(A)) of 60°C.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the biodegradable resin (A-1) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using monodisperse polystyrene as the standard substance was 117,000, and the MFR measured at 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg using a melt indexer based on JIS K7210 (2014) was 4.5 g / 10 min.
- the molar fraction of each structural unit was determined from the ratio of integral values of the chemical shifts corresponding to each structural unit by measuring 1 H-NMR using a Bruker NMR "AVANCE 400.” It was confirmed that the ratio of succinic acid units to terephthalic acid units in biodegradable resin (A-1) was 55:45 based on the integral ratio of 2.63 ppm and 8.10 ppm. The biodegradable resin (A-1) had a biocontent of 22%.
- Biodegradable resin (A-2) Production of biodegradable resin (A-2)> The same method was used to produce the resin, except that 1,4-butanediol (Novamont, plant-derived raw material) was used instead of 1,4-butanediol (Dairen Chemical, petrochemical product) in Production Example 1.
- the produced biodegradable resin (A-2) had a melting point of 110°C, a glass transition temperature of -20°C, and a crystallization peak temperature (Tc(A)) of 60°C.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 117,000, and the MFR was 4.5 g/10 min.
- the ratio of succinic acid units to terephthalic acid units was confirmed to be 55:45 from the integral ratio of 2.63 ppm and 8.10 ppm.
- the biodegradable resin (A-2) had a biocontent of 63%.
- Biodegradable resin (A-4): Polybutylene succinate: Product name: BioPBS (registered trademark) Model: FZ91PM (manufactured by PTTMCC, melting point: 115°C, MFR 4.5g/10min, Mw 160,000, bio content 50%)
- each of the heavy calcium carbonates (1) to (4) contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, iron, silicon, phosphorus, strontium, sulfur, barium, chromium, copper, potassium, manganese, and sodium.
- the zinc element content in the resin composition was also measured by the standard addition method using an ICP light emitting device (Agilent 5800 manufactured by Agilent) in the same manner as the zinc element content in the calcium carbonate.
- Example 1 100% by mass of the biodegradable resin (A-1) described in Production Example 1 was dry-blended with 0.0337 parts by mass of zinc acetate dihydrate and 0.05 parts by mass of Irganox 1010, and kneaded at 150 ° C. in a twin-screw extruder. The extruded strand was water-cooled and then cut to obtain pellets of the resin composition. The obtained pellets were used to evaluate the thermal stability by the above-mentioned method. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.8 g / 10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.8 g / 10 min. The calculated rate of change was 0%. In addition, the hydrolysis stability was evaluated by the above-mentioned method. After standing at 60 ° C. and 70% RH for 72 hours, the MFR was 7.5 g / 10 min, and the rate of change was 29.3%.
- Example 2 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of zinc acetate dihydrate in Example 1 was 0.0000336 parts by mass. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.9 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 6.0 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 1.7%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 7.2 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 22.0%.
- Example 3 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of zinc acetate dihydrate in Example 1 was 0.00017 parts by mass. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.8 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.9 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 1.7%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 7.1 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 22.4%.
- Example 4 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of zinc acetate dihydrate in Example 1 was 0.00168 parts by mass. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 7.0 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 7.1 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 1.4%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 8.9 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 27.1%.
- Example 5 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of zinc acetate dihydrate in Example 1 was 0.3367 parts by mass. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 7.2 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 7.3 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 1.4%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 8.8 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 22.2%.
- Example 6 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of zinc acetate dihydrate in Example 1 was 1.6835 parts by mass. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 9.9 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 10.1 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 2.0%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 12.8 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 29.3%.
- Example 7 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the biodegradable resin (A-2) produced in Production Example 2 was used instead of the biodegradable resin (A-1) in Example 1, and zinc acetate dihydrate was 0.0168 parts by mass.
- the resin composition was evaluated in the same manner.
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.7 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.8 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 1.8%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 7.1 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 24.6%.
- Example 8 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that biodegradable resin (A-4): BioPBS FZ91PM was used instead of biodegradable resin (A-2) in Example 7.
- the resin composition was evaluated in the same manner.
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.1 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.1 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 6.4 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 25.5%.
- Example 9 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that biodegradable resin (A-5): BioPBS FD92PM was used instead of biodegradable resin (A-2) in Example 7.
- the resin composition was evaluated in the same manner.
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 4.9 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.0 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 2.0%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 6.2 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 26.5%.
- Example 10 90% by mass of the biodegradable resin (A) described in Production Example 1, 0.0168 parts by mass of zinc acetate dihydrate, and 0.05 parts by mass of Irganox 1010 were dry-blended, and then fed to a twin-screw extruder using a feeder, and 10% by mass of light calcium carbonate was fed to the same twin-screw extruder using an individual feeder, kneaded at 150 ° C., and the extruded strand was water-cooled and then cut to obtain pellets of the resin composition. Using the obtained pellets, the thermal stability was evaluated by the above-mentioned method.
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 6.2 g / 10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 6.2 g / 10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the hydrolysis stability was evaluated by the above-mentioned method. After standing at 60 ° C. and 70% RH for 72 hours, the MFR was 7.6 g / 10 min, and the rate of change was 22.6%.
- Example 1 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that zinc acetate dihydrate was not added. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 7.2 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 7.4 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 2.8%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 9.5 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 31.9%.
- Example 2 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that zinc acetate dihydrate was not added. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.7 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 6.0 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 5.3%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 8.0 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 40.4%.
- Example 3 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that zinc acetate dihydrate was not added. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 4.9 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.2 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 6.1%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 6.4 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 30.6%.
- Example 4 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9, except that zinc acetate dihydrate was not added. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 5.0 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 5.3 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 6.0%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 6.7 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 34.0%.
- Example 5 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10, except that zinc acetate dihydrate was not added. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 6.4 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 6.7 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 4.7%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 8.8 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 37.5%.
- Example 6 A resin composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of zinc acetate dihydrate in Example 1 was 3.3670 parts by mass. The resin composition was evaluated in the same manner. The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 11.0 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 11.5 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 4.5%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 16.0 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 45.5%.
- the resin composition contains biodegradable resin (A) and zinc element and the zinc element content is 5,000 ppm or less, the resin composition is specifically excellent in thermal stability and hydrolytic stability.
- the zinc content exceeds 10,000 ppm, both the thermal stability and hydrolytic stability decrease.
- Example 11 80% by mass of the biodegradable resin (A-1) described in Production Example 1, 20% by mass of calcium bicarbonate powder (1) containing 4 ppm of zinc element, and 0.05 parts by mass of Irganox 1010 were dry blended, kneaded at 150 ° C. with a twin-screw extruder, and the extruded strand was water-cooled and then cut to obtain pellets of the resin composition.
- the content of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit was 27.5 mol % and the content of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit was 22.5 mol % relative to 100 mol % of all constituent units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the obtained pellets were used to evaluate the heat resistance according to the above-mentioned method.
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.2 g / 10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.2 g / 10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the hydrolysis evaluation was performed according to the above-mentioned method. After standing at 60° C. and 70% RH for 72 hours, the MFR was 4.0 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 25%.
- Example 12 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the biodegradable resin (A-2) produced in Production Example 2 was used instead of the biodegradable resin (A-1) in Example 11, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 27.5 mol%, and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 22.5 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.4 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.4 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 4.3 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 26.5%.
- Example 13 In Example 11, instead of the biodegradable resin (A-1), biodegradable resin (A-3): polybutylene adipate terephthalate, trade name: Ecoflex (registered trademark) 91% by mass was used, and calcium bicarbonate powder (1) containing 4.0 ppm of zinc was used at 9% by mass. Except for this, a resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, and the same evaluation was carried out. With respect to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A), the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 26.5 mol%, and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 23.5 mol%.
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.6 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.7 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 2.8.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 4.5 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 25%.
- biodegradable resin (A-4) polybutylene succinate: product name: BioPBS (registered trademark) type: FZ91PM was used at 95% by mass, and calcium bicarbonate powder (1) containing 4.0 ppm of zinc was used at 5% by mass. Except for this, a resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, and the same evaluation was carried out.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 25 mol% relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 4.2 g/10 min
- the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 4.3 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 2.4%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 5.2 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 23.8%.
- Example 15 In Example 11, instead of the biodegradable resin (A-1), 70% by mass of biodegradable resin (A-5): polybutylene succinate adipate: product name: BioPBS (registered trademark), model: FD92PB was used, and 30% by mass of calcium bicarbonate powder (1) containing 4.0 ppm of zinc was used. Except for this, a resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, and the same evaluation was carried out. The content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 25 mol% relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A). The MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 2.2 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 2.2 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 0%. In addition, the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 2.8 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 27.3%.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 27.5 mol% and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 22.5 mol% relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.2 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.2 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 4.1 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 28.1%.
- Example 17 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 12, except that calcium bicarbonate powder (3) containing 3.0 ppm of zinc element was used instead of calcium bicarbonate powder (1) in Example 12, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 27.5 mol%, and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 22.5 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.0 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.0 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 3.8 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 26.7%.
- Example 18 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 12, except that calcium bicarbonate powder (4) containing 1.0 ppm of zinc element was used instead of calcium bicarbonate powder (1) in Example 12, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 27.5 mol%, and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 22.5 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 2.8 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 2.8 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 0%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 3.5 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 25.0%.
- Example 7 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 11, except that light calcium carbonate powder was used in Example 11, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 27.5 mol%, and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 22.5 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.3 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.5 g/10 min. The calculated rate of change was 6.1%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 4.5 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 36.4%.
- Example 8 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 12, except that light calcium carbonate powder was used in Example 12, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit was 27.5 mol%, and the content of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit was 22.5 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.5 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.8 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 8.6%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 4.6 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 31.4%.
- Example 9 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 13, except that light calcium carbonate powder was used in Example 13, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 26.5 mol%, and the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units was 23.5 mol%, based on 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 3.6 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 3.8 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 5.6%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60 ° C. and 70% RH was 4.9 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 36.1%.
- Example 10 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 14, except that light calcium carbonate powder was used, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 25 mol% relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 4.4 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 4.7 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 6.8%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 6.0 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 36.4%.
- Example 11 A resin composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 15, except that light calcium carbonate powder was used, and the same evaluation was performed.
- the content of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units was 25 mol% relative to 100 mol% of all structural units constituting the biodegradable resin (A).
- the MFR after 5 minutes of preheating was 2.6 g/10 min, and the MFR after 6 minutes of preheating was 2.9 g/10 min.
- the calculated rate of change was 11.5%.
- the MFR after standing for 72 hours at 60°C and 70% RH was 3.5 g/10 min, and the rate of change was 34.6%.
- the resin composition contains biodegradable resin (A) and calcium carbonate, and the calcium carbonate contains zinc element, it has excellent thermal stability and hydrolytic stability.
- the biodegradable resin composition according to this embodiment has excellent thermal stability when melted and excellent hydrolytic stability during use, and therefore can be suitably used in molding methods involving heating, such as films, sheets, injection molded products, blow molded products, vacuum molded products, extrusion molded products, fibers, etc. Furthermore, since the resin composition of the present invention has high hydrolytic stability, it is possible to extend the shelf life of the resin raw material before processing and the shelf life of the processed product.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明の要旨は以下の[1]~[12]に存する。
前記生分解性樹脂(A)が、(i)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、及び
(ii)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位と芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、のいずれかを少なくとも含む、生分解性樹脂組成物。
[2] 前記脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の炭素数が2から30である、[1]に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[3] 前記芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の炭素数が6から12である、[1]又は[2]に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[4] 前記脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位の炭素数が2から30である、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[5] 前記芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位がテレフタル酸である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[6] 前記脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位がコハク酸である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[7] 脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の含有率が、前記生分解性樹脂組成物中の全ての樹脂に含まれる脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位及び芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の合計に対して40モル%以上である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[8] ASTM D6866に基づいて計算される前記生分解性樹脂(A)のバイオ度が20%以上である、[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[9] さらに無機フィラーを含む、[1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[10] 前記無機フィラーとして炭酸カルシウムを含む、[9]に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[11] 前記炭酸カルシウムが重質炭酸カルシウムである、[10]に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
[12] [1]から[11]のいずれか1つに記載の生分解性樹脂組成物を用いてなる成形体。
また、本明細書において「A又はB」の表現は、「A及びBからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ」と読み替えることができる。
本明細書において、“耐熱性”及び“熱安定性”は同義であり、また“耐加水分解性”及び“加水分解安定性”は同義である。
また、本明細書では複数の実施形態を説明するが、適用できる範囲で各実施形態における種々の条件を互いに適用し得る。
本発明の一実施形態に係る生分解性樹脂組成物(以下、単に「生分解性樹脂組成物」、もしくは「樹脂組成物」とも称する。)は、生分解性樹脂(A)と亜鉛元素とを含み、前記亜鉛元素の含有率が0.001質量ppm以上7000質量ppm以下であり、前記生分解性樹脂(A)が、(i)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、及び(ii)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位と芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、のいずれかを少なくとも含む、生分解性樹脂組成物である。
生分解性樹脂組成物中に亜鉛元素を含有させる方法は特段制限されず、亜鉛単体として含有させてもよく、また、組成物中に他の成分が含まれる場合、他の成分に含有させた状態で含有させてもよい。
亜鉛元素と他の成分とが含まれる組成物としては、例えば酢酸亜鉛・2水和物、炭酸亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、脂肪酸亜鉛、シュウ酸亜鉛、リン酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛などの亜鉛塩や重質炭酸カルシウムなどの亜鉛元素を含む炭酸カルシウム等が挙げられる。重質炭酸カルシウムとは、石灰石を原料に化学的に製造される軽質炭酸カルシウムとは異なり、天然の石灰石を物理的に粉砕・分級して製造される炭酸カルシウムである。
上記の含有率が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、生分解性樹脂組成物の熱安定性と耐加水分解性が確保される。また、上記の含有率が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、亜鉛成分由来の酸やアルカリによる生分解性樹脂組成物の分解が起こりづらい。
生分解性樹脂(A)は、(i)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、及び(ii)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位と芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、のいずれかを少なくとも含む。
ここで、脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位を「脂肪族ジオール単位」、脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位を「脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位」、芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位を「芳香族ジカルボン酸単位」とも呼ぶ。
脂肪族ジオールとしては、通常、ポリエステルの原料に用いられるものを特に制限無く使用することができる。
脂肪族ジオールの炭素数は特段制限されないが、2から30であることが好ましく、2から20であることがより好ましく、4から12であることがさらに好ましく、4から10であることが特に好ましい。
脂肪族ジオールの炭素数が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、生分解性と機械物性のバランスがよい。また、脂肪族ジオールの炭素数が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、結晶性がよい。
生分解性樹脂(A)中の脂肪族ジオール単位の含有率は特段制限されないが、機械物性の観点から、生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、通常10モル%以上であり、30モル%以上であることが好ましく、45モル%以上であることがより好ましく、49モル%以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、通常55モル%以下であり、50モル%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
生分解性樹脂(A)は、優れた熱安定性と耐加水分解性を確保できる観点から、ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位として、脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位を主構成単位に含む態様(以下、「態様A」とも称する。)であってよく、また、該構成単位に加えてさらに、芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位を主構成単位に含む態様(以下、「態様B」とも称する。)であってもよく、また、態様Aのポリエステル及び態様Bのポリエステルの両方が用いられてもよい。
脂肪族ジカルボン酸の炭素数が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、熱安定性に優れる。また、脂肪族ジカルボン酸の炭素数が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、生分解性や熱安定性に優れる。
芳香族ジカルボン酸の炭素数が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、熱安定性がよい。また、芳香族ジカルボン酸の炭素数が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、生分解性がよい。
態様Aの場合、生分解性や結晶性の観点から、生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、通常30モル%以上であり、40モル%以上であることが好ましく、45モル%以上であることがより好ましい。く、49モル%以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、通常70モル%以下であり、60モル%以下であることが好ましく、55モル%以下であることがより好ましく、50モル%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
また、態様Bの場合、生分解性樹脂(A)中の芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は特段制限されないが、生分解性と結晶性の観点から、生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、通常5モル%以上であり、10モル%以上であることが好ましく、20モル%以上であることがより好ましく、22モル%以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、通常50モル%以下であり、40モル%以下であることが好ましく、30モル%以下であることがより好ましい。
生分解性樹脂組成物中の全ての樹脂に含まれる脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位及び芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の合計に対する、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は、40モル%以上であることが好ましく、45モル%以上であることがより好ましく、50モル%以上であることが特に好ましい。
上記含有率が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、生分解性、熱安定性及び耐加水分解性に優れる。
ポリエステルの製造では、上記のジオール及びジカルボン酸以外の構成成分(その他の共重合成分)を共重合させても構わない。この場合に使用することのできる共重合成分としては、例えば、乳酸、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシ酪酸、ヒドロキシカプロン酸、2-ヒドロキシ3,3-ジメチル酪酸、2-ヒドロキシ-3-メチル酪酸、2-ヒドロキシイソカプロン酸、リンゴ酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、もしくはフマル酸等のオキシカルボン酸;これらオキシカルボン酸のエステル、ラクトン、もしくはオキシカルボン酸重合体等;グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、もしくはペンタエリスリトール等の3官能以上の多価アルコール;又はプロパントリカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、もしくはトリメリット酸ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸もしくはこれらの無水物などの3官能以上の多価カルボン酸もしくはその無水物等が挙げられる。
(バイオ度)
ASTM D6866に基づいて計算される生分解性樹脂(A)のバイオ度は、特段制限されないが、温室効果ガス低減の観点から、10%以上であることが好ましく、20%以上であることがより好ましく、30%以上であることがさらに好ましく、50%以上であることが特に好ましく、また、上限は特段設定を要せず、100%であってもよく、100%以下であってもよく、70%以下であってもよく、65%以下であってもよい。該バイオ度は、1種類以上の生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位に対して、植物由来原料から製造されるモノマー単位の割合を調整することにより制御することができる。また、該バイオ度は、1種類の生分解性樹脂(A)が満たしていてもよく、1種類以上の生分解性樹脂(A)全体が満たしていてもよく、少なくとも1種類の生分解性樹脂(A)が満たすことが好ましい。
生分解性樹脂(A)の固有粘度(IV、dL/g)は特段制限されないが、少なくとも1種類の前記生分解性樹脂(A)の固有粘度が、1.2dL/g以上であることが好ましく、1.4dL/g以上であることがより好ましく、1.6dL/g以上であることが特に好ましい。また、該固有粘度は、2.8dL/g以下であることが好ましく、2.5以下であることがより好ましく、2.3dL/g以下であることが特に好ましい。該固有粘度は、1種類以上の全ての生分解性樹脂(A)が満たしていてもよい。該固有粘度が上記範囲の下限未満であると、成形品にしたとき十分な機械強度が得にくい。また、該固有粘度が上記範囲の上限超過であると、成形時に溶融粘度が高く成形しにくい。
生分解性樹脂(A)の末端カルボキシル基量は、特段制限されないが、通常80(当量/トン)以下であり、好ましくは60(当量/トン)以下、更に好ましくは40(当量/トン)以下、特に好ましくは25(当量/トン)以下である。下限は低いほど熱安定性、耐加水分解性がよいが、通常5(当量/トン)以上である。上限を超えると、加水分解による粘度低下が顕著となり、品質を著しく損なう場合がある。
生分解性樹脂(A)のメルトフローレート(MFR)は特段制限されないが、少なくとも1種類の前記生分解性樹脂(A)のMFRが、JIS K7210(2014)に基づいて190℃、荷重2.16kgで測定した値で、0.5~50g/10分であることが好ましい。フィルム用途や押し出し成形用途においては、より好ましくは0.5~20g/10分であり、更により好ましくは、1.0~10g/10分である。MFRが上記下限以上であれば成形に必要な流動性が得られ、上記上限以下であればフィルム成形時のバブル安定性に優れた樹脂となる。一方、射出成形用途や繊維用途においては、より好ましくは0.5~50g/10分であり、更により好ましくは、3.0~40g/10分である。該MFRは、1種類以上の全ての生分解性樹脂(A)が満たしていてもよい。MFRが上記下限以上であれば成形に必要な流動性が得られ、上記上限以下であれば射出成形品の衝撃強度など機械物性に優れた樹脂となる。
生分解性樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量(Mw)は特段制限されないが、少なくとも1種類の前記生分解性樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量が、10,000以上であることが好ましく、25,000以上であることがより好ましく、50,000以上であることがさらに好ましく、100,000以上であることが特に好ましく、また、1,000,000以下であることが好ましく、500,000以下であることがより好ましく、300,000以下であることが特に好ましい。該重量平均分子量は、1種類以上の全ての生分解性樹脂(A)が満たしていてもよい。該重量平均分子量(Mw)が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、成形性や、機械物性に優れた材料となる。また、該重量平均分子量(Mw)が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、100~200℃程度の低温での成形が可能となり優れている。
該重量平均分子量(Mw)は、溶媒をクロロホルムとし、測定温度40℃でゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)による測定値から単分散ポリスチレンによる換算値として求められる。
生分解性樹脂(A)の融点(Tm)は特段制限されないが、通常50℃以上であり、70℃以上であることが好ましく、80℃以上であることがより好ましく、85℃以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、通常200℃以下であり、180℃以下であることが好ましく、150℃以下であることがより好ましく、130℃以下であることがさらに好ましい。融点が該範囲の下限以上であれば、結晶化や耐熱性の観点で優れている。また、融点が該範囲の下限以上であれば、低温成形が可能であり優れている。
生分解性樹脂(A)のガラス転移温度(Tg)は特段制限されないが、通常-70℃以上であり、-50℃以上であることが好ましく、-40℃以上であることがより好ましく、-35℃以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、通常60℃以下であり、30℃以下であることが好ましく、20℃以下であることがより好ましく、10℃以下であることがさらに好ましい。ガラス転移温度が該範囲の下限以上であれば、結晶性が良好である。また、ガラス転移温度が該範囲の下限以上であれば、生分解性に優れた樹脂となる。
生分解性樹脂が結晶性である場合、生分解性樹脂(A)の結晶化温度(結晶化ピーク温度)(Tc)は特段制限されないが、通常0℃以上であり、10℃以上であることが好ましく、20℃以上であることがより好ましく、30℃以上であることがさらに好ましく、また、通常150℃以下であり、100℃以下であることが好ましく、85℃以下であることがさらに好ましい。結晶化温度が該範囲の下限以上であれば、成形時に十分な結晶化速度が実現される。また、結晶化温度が該範囲の上限以下であれば、安定成形が可能となる。
上記の融点、ガラス転移温度、及び結晶化温度は、示差走査熱量計(セイコー(株)製、製品名:DSC220)を用いて測定することが可能である。具体的には、約5mgのサンプルを精秤し、流量40mL/分の窒素気流下で加熱溶融させた後、10℃/分の速度で冷却する際に結晶化温度Tcの測定が可能であり、引き続き10℃/分の速度で昇温する際にガラス転移温度と融点を測定することができる。
また、上記の融点、ガラス転移温度、及び結晶化温度は、1種類の生分解性樹脂(A)が満たしていてもよく、1種類以上の全ての生分解性樹脂(A)が満たしていてもよく、少なくとも1種類の生分解性樹脂(A)が満たすことが好ましい。
生分解性樹脂(A)の製造方法は特段制限されず、公知の方法を採用することができる。
以下、生分解性樹脂(A)の製造方法を説明するが、あくまで一例であり、生分解性樹脂(A)の製造方法はこの態様に制限されない。
エステル化反応とは、カルボン酸をエステルに変換する反応であり、エステル交換反応とは、エステルとアルコールを反応させてこれらの主鎖部分が入れ替わる反応である。エステル化反応処理を行う方法は特段制限されず、公知の方法を採用することができる。
また、エステル化反応処理とそれに続くその他の処理は、連続する複数の反応槽で行うこともでき、また、単一の反応槽でも行うこともできるが、得られるポリエステルの物性の変動を小さくするために、連続する複数の反応槽で行うことが好ましい。
反応圧力が上記範囲の下限未満では反応槽内に飛散物が増加し反応生成物のヘーズが高くなり異物増加の原因となりやすく、またジオール成分の反応系外への留出が多くなり重縮合反応速度の低下を招きやすい。また、反応圧力が上記範囲の上限超過ではジオール成分の脱水分解が多くなり、重縮合速度の低下を招きやすい。
エステル化率(%)=(ケン化価-酸価)/ケン化価×100
次いで、エステル化反応処理により得られた反応生成物を重縮合反応に供する。重縮合反応は、連続する複数の反応槽を用い減圧下で行うことができる。
重縮合反応時の圧力が高すぎると、重縮合時間が長くなり、それに伴いポリエステルの熱分解による分子量低下や着色が引き起こされ、実用上充分な特性を示すポリエステルの製造が難しくなる傾向がある。
一方、反応圧力を0.01kPa未満とするような超高真空重縮合設備を用いて製造する手法は、重縮合反応速度を向上させる観点からは好ましい態様であるが、極めて高額な設備投資が必要となる為、経済的には不利である。
エステル化反応及び重縮合反応は反応触媒を使用することにより、反応が促進される。エステル化反応においてはエステル化反応触媒が無くても十分な反応速度を得ることができる。またエステル化反応時にエステル化反応触媒が存在するとエステル化反応によって生じる水により触媒が反応生成物に不溶の析出物を生じ、得られるポリエステルの透明性を損なう(即ちヘーズが高くなる)ことがあり、また異物化することがあるので、反応触媒はエステル化反応中には添加使用しないことが好ましい。また、触媒を反応槽の気相部に添加すると、得られるポリエステルのヘーズが高くなることがあり、また触媒が異物化することがあるので反応液中に添加することが好ましい。
エステル化反応処理を行うエステル化反応槽としては、公知のものが使用でき、縦型攪拌完全混合槽、縦型熱対流式混合槽、又は塔型連続反応槽等の型式のいずれであってもよく、また、単数槽としてもよく、同種又は異種の槽を直列させた複数槽としてもよい。中でも攪拌装置を有する反応槽が好ましく、攪拌装置としては、動力部、軸受、軸、及び攪拌翼を有する通常のタイプの他、タービンステーター型高速回転式攪拌機、ディスクミル型攪拌機、又はローターミル型攪拌機等の高速回転するタイプも用いることができる。
生分解性樹脂組成物はさらに無機フィラーを含むことが好ましい。無機フィラーを含むことで、成形体の剛性が上がるほか、フィルムとした際は、アンチブロッキング剤としての効果が期待できる。また、成形体の使用後の処理において、土中や海水中での崩壊を早める効果がある。
標準物質は以下である。
硬度1:滑石、硬度2:石膏、硬度3:方解石、硬度4:蛍石、硬度5:リン灰石、硬度6:正長石、硬度7:水晶、硬度8:黄玉、硬度9:コランダム(鋼玉)、硬度10:ダイヤモンド
表面処理剤としては、炭素原子数6~40の直鎖状脂肪酸、分岐鎖状脂肪酸、それらのエステル化合物などが挙げられる。
上述したように、無機フィラーとして、炭酸カルシウムが特に好ましく用いられる。炭酸カルシウムとしては、亜鉛元素を含む炭酸カルシウムを用いてもよく、亜鉛元素を含まない炭酸カルシウムを用いてもよい。
なお、亜鉛元素を含む重質炭酸カルシウムには、亜鉛元素以外に、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、鉄、ケイ素、リン、ストロンチウム、硫黄、バリウム、クロム、銅、カリウム、マンガン、及びナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素が通常含まれるため、炭酸カルシウムとして亜鉛元素を含む重質炭酸カルシウムを用いた場合、ポリエステル系樹脂組成物中に該元素が含まれることとなる。一方で軽質炭酸カルシウムには、通常、亜鉛元素及び上記の元素が含まれない。
上記の含有率が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、熱安定性と耐加水分解性に優れた樹脂組成物がえられる。また、上記の含有率が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、成形性や機械物性に優れた樹脂組成物となる。
上記の含有率が上記範囲の下限以上であれば、熱安定性や耐加水分解性に優れた樹脂組成物となる。また、上記の含有率が上記範囲の上限以下であれば、着色や、亜鉛のルイス酸性によるポリエステルの加水分解促進が起こりづらい。
生分解性樹脂組成物は、上記の生分解性樹脂(A)、亜鉛元素、及び無機フィラー以外の成分を含んでいてもよく、例えば、生分解性樹脂(A)以外のポリエステル、ポリエステル以外の樹脂、カルボジイミド化合物、無機フィラー以外の充填材、又は可塑剤等が挙げられる。特に、生分解性樹脂(A)以外の樹脂を含む場合、該樹脂としては生分解性樹脂を用いることが好ましく、例えば、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、もしくはセルロースエステル等や、澱粉、セルロース、紙、木粉、キチン・キトサン質、椰子殻粉末、クルミ殻粉末等の動物/植物物質微粉末、又はこれらの混合物を配合することができる。更に、成形体の物性や加工性を調整する目的で、熱安定剤、可塑剤、滑剤、ブロッキング防止剤、核剤、着色剤、顔料、紫外線吸収剤、もしくは光安定剤等の添加剤、改質剤、又は架橋剤等を含有させてもよい。
[メルトフローレート(MFR)]
生分解性樹脂組成物のメルトフローレート(MFR)は、JIS K7210(2014)に基づいて190℃、荷重2.16kgで測定した値で、0.5~30g/10分であることが好ましい。フィルム用途や押し出し成形用途においては、より好ましくは1.0~10g/10分であり、更により好ましくは、2.0~6.0g/10分である。MFRが上記下限以上であれば成形に必要な流動性が得られ、上記上限以下であればフィルム成形時のバブル安定性に優れた樹脂となる。一方、射出成形用途や繊維用途においては、より好ましくは3.0~30g/10分であり、更により好ましくは、5.0~30g/10分である。MFRが上記下限以上であれば成形に必要な流動性が得られ、上記上限以下であれば射出成形品の衝撃強度など機械物性に優れた樹脂となる。
生分解性樹脂組成物の製造方法としては、公知の手法を適用することができる。例えば、生分解性樹脂組成物の製造方法は生分解性樹脂(A)と、亜鉛元素単体又は亜鉛元素を含む成分(亜鉛塩や、亜鉛元素を含む炭酸カルシウム粉末等)とを混合する混合工程を有し、生分解性樹脂(A)と、亜鉛元素単体又は亜鉛元素を含む成分とを一括して押出機で溶融混合する方法、これらを各々別々のフィーダーから混錬機に投入し混合する方法などが挙げられる。また、亜鉛元素を含む成分として亜鉛塩を用いる場合、亜鉛塩は粉末で添加しても良いし、あらかじめ水や溶剤、オイル等に分散し又は溶解させたものを添加してもよい。また、予め亜鉛塩と生分解性樹脂(A)を、亜鉛塩が10質量ppmから30質量%となる様、押し出し機で混錬し、それをマスターバッチとして生分解性樹脂(A)で希釈して混錬することで、亜鉛濃度を調整することも可能である。また、亜鉛元素を含む成分として亜鉛元素を含む炭酸カルシウム粉末を用いる場合、予め生分解性樹脂(A)と、亜鉛元素を含む炭酸カルシウムとを、50質量%以上の高濃度炭酸カルシウムマスターバッチとなるように調整し、生分解性樹脂(A)で再度希釈して混錬することで、樹脂組成物中の炭酸カルシウム濃度や亜鉛濃度を調整することも可能である。押出機としては、単軸又は2軸押出機が利用できる。2軸押出機で混練した樹脂はペレタイザーや水中カッターでペレット化することができ、ペレットは続く各種成形プロセスに用いることができる。また、生分解性樹脂(A)と亜鉛元素単体又は亜鉛元素を含む成分のペレット及び、他の原料ペレットを直接成形機に供給して、樹脂組成物を調製すると同時に、そのままフィルム等の成形体を得ることも可能である。
本発明の別の実施形態に係る成形体は、上述した生分解性樹脂組成物の成形体である。成形体の製造方法は特段制限されず、公知のポリエステルの成形法により成形して成形体とすることができる。該成形方法は特に限定されず、圧縮成形、積層成形、射出成形、押出成形、真空成形、圧空成形、ブロー成形、インフレーション成形、延伸成形等の公知の方法を用いることができる。より具体的には、例えば、Tダイ、Iダイ又は丸ダイ等から所定の厚みに押し出したフィルム状、シート状物又は円筒状物を、冷却ロールや水、圧空等により冷却、固化させる方法等が挙げられる。
[重縮合用触媒の調製]
撹拌装置付き反応器に酢酸マグネシウム・4水和物を343.5質量部入れ、更に1434質量部の無水エタノール(純度99質量%以上)を加えた。更にエチルアシッドホスフェート(モノエステル体とジエステル体の混合重量比は45:55)を218.3質量部加え、23℃で撹拌を行った。酢酸マグネシウムが完全に溶解したことを確認後、テトラ-n-ブチルチタネートを410.0質量部添加した。更に10分間撹拌を継続し、均一混合溶液を得た。この混合溶液を、60℃以下の温度でコントロールし減圧下で濃縮を行った。添加したエタノールに対し、およそ半分量のエタノールが留去され、半透明の粘稠な液体が残った。ここへ1,4-ブタンジオール1108質量部を添加し、温度80℃以下の温度でコントロールし減圧下で更に濃縮を行い、チタン原子含有率3.5質量%の触媒溶液を得た。
攪拌装置、窒素導入口、加熱装置、温度計及び減圧口を備えた反応容器に、原料としてコハク酸33.6質量部、テレフタル酸38.6質量部、1,4-ブタンジオール(Dairen Chemical社製,石油化学品)69.7質量部、トリメチロールプロパン0.138質量部(コハク酸とテレフタル酸の合計100モル%に対して0.200モル%)、ポリエチレンワックス(Honeywell社製「ACumistB6」、融点:124℃)0.10質量部、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)0.0017質量部を仕込み、更にテトラ-n-ブチルチタネートを得られるポリエステル樹脂あたりチタン原子として30質量ppmとなるように添加した。容器内容物を攪拌下、容器内に窒素ガスを導入し、減圧置換によって系内を窒素雰囲気下にした。次に、系内を攪拌しながら160℃から230℃へ1時間かけて昇温し、この温度で3時間反応させた。得られたエステルオリゴマーの末端酸価を測定したところ90当量/トンであった。
このエステルオリゴマーに、前記の触媒溶液を、得られるポリエステル樹脂あたりチタン原子として70質量ppmとなる量を添加し、45分かけて250℃まで昇温すると同時に、1時間20分かけて0.07×103Pa以下になるように減圧し、加熱減圧状態を保持したまま重縮合を継続し、所定の粘度になったところで重合を終了し、ポリエステル共重合体(生分解性樹脂(A-1))を得た。
上記のように測定した生分解性樹脂(A-1)は融点110℃、ガラス転移温度は-20℃、結晶化ピーク温度(Tc(A))は60℃であった。
また、各構成単位のモル分率を、ブルカー製NMR「AVANCE 400」を用い1H-NMRを測定して、各構成単位が対応するケミカルシフトの積分値の比率から決定したところ、生分解性樹脂(A-1)中のコハク酸単位とテレフタル酸単位の比率は、2.63ppmと8.10ppmの積分比から55:45であることを確認した。
また、生分解性樹脂(A-1)のバイオ度は22%であった。
製造例1において1,4-ブタンジオール(Dairen Chemical社製,石油化学品)の代わりに、1,4-ブタンジオール(Novamont社製、植物由来原料)を用いた以外は同様の方法で製造した。製造された生分解性樹脂(A-2)は融点110℃、ガラス転移温度は-20℃、結晶化ピーク温度(Tc(A))は60℃であった。重量平均分子量(Mw)は117,000であり、MFRは、4.5g/10分であった。コハク酸単位とテレフタル酸単位の比率は、2.63ppmと8.10ppmの積分比から55:45であることを確認した。
また、生分解性樹脂(A-2)のバイオ度は63%であった。
・生分解性樹脂(A-3):ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート、商品名:Ecoflex(登録商標)(BASF社製 融点:120℃、Tc(B):41℃、MFR:3.5g/10分、Mw:125,000、アジピン酸単位とテレフタル酸単位のモル比=53:47、バイオ度0%)
・生分解性樹脂(A-4):ポリブチレンサクシネート:商品名:BioPBS(登録商標) 型式:FZ91PM(PTTMCC社製 融点:115℃、MFR4.5g/10min、Mw=160,000、バイオ度50%)
・生分解性樹脂(A-5):ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート:商品名:BioPBS(登録商標) 型式:FD92PB(PTTMCC社製 融点:86℃、MFR4.5g/10min、Mw=160,000、バイオ度35%)
・酢酸亜鉛・2水和物 (富士フイルム和光純薬(株)純度99.9%)
・軽質炭酸カルシウム(亜鉛含有率0.0ppm、平均粒径2.0μm)
・重質炭酸カルシウム(1)(亜鉛含有率4.0ppm、平均粒径1.8μm)
・重質炭酸カルシウム(2)(亜鉛含有率4.0ppm、平均粒径1.0μm)
・重質炭酸カルシウム(3)(亜鉛含有率3.0ppm、平均粒径1.0μm)
・重質炭酸カルシウム(4)(亜鉛含有率1.0ppm、平均粒径2.0μm)
炭酸カルシウム中の亜鉛元素の含有率は、炭酸カルシウムを秤量し硝酸を加え溶解した後、純水で定容し、標準添加法でICP発光装置(アジレント製Agilent5800)を用いて測定した。
なお、重質炭酸カルシウム(1)~(4)はいずれも、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、鉄、ケイ素、リン、ストロンチウム、硫黄、バリウム、クロム、銅、カリウム、マンガン、及びナトリウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素が含まれることも確認した。
樹脂組成物中の亜鉛元素の含有率も、炭酸カルシウム中の亜鉛元素の含有率と同様に、標準添加法でICP発光装置(アジレント製Agilent5800)を用いて測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた生分解性樹脂組成物のペレットについて、JIS K7210(2014)を最適化した条件を用いた。すなわち、メルトインデクサーを用いて190℃、荷重2.16kgにて測定する際、予熱時間を5分で測定した場合と予熱時間を6分とした場合の各々のMFRを測定し、変化率を算出した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた生分解性樹脂組成物のペレットを60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置し、メルトインデクサーを用いて190℃、荷重2.16kg、予熱時間5分にてMFRを測定した。結果を、上述した方法において予熱時間5分で測定したMFRと比較し、変化率を算出した。
製造例1に記載の生分解性樹脂(A-1)100質量%と酢酸亜鉛・2水和物0.0337質量部、イルガノックス1010を0.05質量部ドライブレンドし、2軸押出機にて150℃で混練を行い、押し出されたストランドを水冷した後、カッティングすることで樹脂組成物のペレットを得た。得られたペレットを用い、上述した方法で熱安定性について評価した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.8g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.8g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、上述した方法で加水分解安定性の評価を実施した。60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは7.5g/10分であり、変化率は29.3%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を0.0000336質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.9g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは6.0g/10分であった。算出した変化率は1.7%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは7.2g/10分であり、変化率は22.0%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を0.00017質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.8g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.9g/10分であった。算出した変化率は1.7%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは7.1g/10分であり、変化率は22.4%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を0.00168質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは7.0g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは7.1g/10分であった。算出した変化率は1.4%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは8.9g/10分であり、変化率は27.1%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を0.3367質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは7.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは7.3g/10分であった。算出した変化率は1.4%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは8.8g/10分であり、変化率は22.2%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を1.6835質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは9.9g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは10.1g/10分であった。算出した変化率は2.0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは12.8g/10分であり、変化率は29.3%であった。
実施例1において生分解性樹脂(A-1)の代わりに、製造例2で製造した生分解性樹脂(A-2)を用い、酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を0.0168質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.7g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.8g/10分であった。算出した変化率は1.8%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは7.1g/10分であり、変化率は24.6%であった。
実施例7において生分解性樹脂(A-2)の代わりに、生分解性樹脂(A-4):BioPBS FZ91PMを用いた以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.1g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.1g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは6.4g/10分であり、変化率は25.5%であった。
実施例7において生分解性樹脂(A-2)の代わりに、生分解性樹脂(A-5):BioPBS FD92PMを用いた以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは4.9g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.0g/10分であった。算出した変化率は2.0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは6.2g/10分であり、変化率は26.5%であった。
製造例1に記載の生分解性樹脂(A)90質量%、酢酸亜鉛・2水和物0.0168質量部、イルガノックス1010を0.05質量部ドライブレンド後、フィーダーを用いて二軸押し出し機にフィードし、軽質炭酸カルシウム10質量%を個別フィーダーで同じ二軸軸押し出し機にフィードして150℃で混練を行い、押し出されたストランドを水冷した後、カッティングすることで樹脂組成物のペレットを得た。得られたペレットを用い、上述した方法で熱安定性について評価した。予熱5分間でのMFRは6.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは6.2g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、上述した方法で加水分解安定性の評価を実施した。60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは7.6g/10分であり、変化率は22.6%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは7.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは7.4g/10分であった。算出した変化率は2.8%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは9.5g/10分であり、変化率は31.9%であった。
実施例7おいて酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を添加しなかった以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.7g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは6.0g/10分であった。算出した変化率は5.3%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは8.0g/10分であり、変化率は40.4%であった。
実施例8おいて酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を添加しなかった以外は、実施例8と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは4.9g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.2g/10分であった。算出した変化率は6.1%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは6.4g/10分であり、変化率は30.6%であった。
実施例9において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を添加しなかった以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは5.0g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは5.3g/10分であった。算出した変化率は6.0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは6.7g/10分であり、変化率は34.0%であった。
実施例10において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を添加しなかった以外は、実施例10同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは6.4g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは6.7g/10分であった。算出した変化率は4.7%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは8.8g/10分であり、変化率は37.5%であった。
実施例1において酢酸亜鉛・2水和物を3.3670質量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を得た。その樹脂組成物について同様の評価を実施した。予熱5分間でのMFRは11.0g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは11.5g/10分であった。算出した変化率は4.5%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは16.0g/10分であり、変化率は45.5%であった。
製造例1に記載の生分解性樹脂(A-1)80質量%と、亜鉛元素を4ppm含有する重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)20質量%と、イルガノックス1010を0.05質量部とをドライブレンドし、2軸押出機にて150℃で混練を行い、押し出されたストランドを水冷した後、カッティングすることで樹脂組成物のペレットを得た。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。得られたペレットを用い、上述した方法に従い、耐熱性について評価した。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.2g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、上述した方法に従い、加水分解性の評価を実施した。60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.0g/10分であり、変化率は25%であった。
実施例11において生分解性樹脂(A-1)の代わりに、製造例2で製造した生分解性樹脂(A-2)を用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.4g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.4g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.3g/10分であり、変化率は26.5%であった。
実施例11において生分解性樹脂(A-1)の代わりに、生分解性樹脂(A-3):ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート、商品名:Ecoflex(登録商標)91質量%を用い、亜鉛元素を4.0ppm含有する重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)を9質量%用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は26.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は23.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.6g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.7g/10分であった。算出した変化率は2.8であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.5g/10分であり、変化率は25%であった。
実施例11において生分解性樹脂(A-1)の代わりに、生分解性樹脂(A-4):ポリブチレンサクシネート:商品名:BioPBS(登録商標) 型式:FZ91PMを95質量%用い、亜鉛元素を4.0ppm含有する重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)5質量%用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は25モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは4.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは4.3g/10分であった。算出した変化率は2.4%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは5.2g/10分であり、変化率は23.8%であった。
実施例11において生分解性樹脂(A-1)の代わりに、生分解性樹脂(A-5):ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート:商品名:BioPBS(登録商標)、型式:FD92PBを70質量%用い、亜鉛元素を4.0ppm含有する重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)30質量%用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は25モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは2.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは2.2g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは2.8g/10分であり、変化率は27.3%であった。
実施例12において重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)の代わりに、亜鉛元素を4.0ppm含有し、粒径が1.0マイクロメートルの重炭酸カルシウム粉末(2)を用いた以外は実施例12と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.2g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.2g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.1g/10分であり、変化率は28.1%であった。
実施例12において重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)の代わりに、亜鉛元素を3.0ppm含有する重炭酸カルシウム粉末(3)を用いた以外は実施例12と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.0g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.0g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは3.8g/10分であり、変化率は26.7%であった。
実施例12において重炭酸カルシウム粉末(1)の代わりに、亜鉛元素を1.0ppm含有する重炭酸カルシウム粉末(4)を用いた以外は実施例12と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは2.8g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは2.8g/10分であった。算出した変化率は0%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは3.5g/10分であり、変化率は25.0%であった。
実施例11において軽質炭酸カルシウム粉末を用いた以外は、実施例11と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.3g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.5g/10分であった。算出した変化率は6.1%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.5g/10分であり、変化率は36.4%であった。
実施例12において軽質炭酸カルシウム粉末を用いた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は27.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は22.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.5g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.8g/10分であった。算出した変化率は8.6%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.6g/10分であり、変化率は31.4%であった。
実施例13において軽質炭酸カルシウム粉末を用いた以外は、実施例13と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は26.5モル%、芳香族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は23.5モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは3.6g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは3.8g/10分であった。算出した変化率は5.6%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは4.9g/10分であり、変化率は36.1%であった。
実施例14において軽質炭酸カルシウム粉末を用いた以外は、実施例14と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は25モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは4.4g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは4.7g/10分であった。算出した変化率は6.8%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは6.0g/10分であり、変化率は36.4%であった。
実施例15において軽質炭酸カルシウム粉末を用いた以外は、実施例15と同様の方法で樹脂組成物を製造し、同様の評価を実施した。生分解性樹脂(A)を構成する全構成単位100モル%に対して、脂肪族ジカルボン酸単位の含有率は25モル%であった。予熱5分間でのMFRは2.6g/10分であり、予熱6分間でのMFRは2.9g/10分であった。算出した変化率は11.5%であった。また、60℃、70%RHにて72時間静置した後のMFRは3.5g/10分であり、変化率は34.6%であった。
Claims (12)
- 生分解性樹脂(A)と亜鉛元素とを含み、前記亜鉛元素の含有率が0.001質量ppm以上7000質量ppm以下であり、
前記生分解性樹脂(A)が、(i)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、及び
(ii)脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位と脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位と芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位とを主構成単位とするポリエステル、のいずれかを少なくとも含む、生分解性樹脂組成物。 - 前記脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の炭素数が2から30である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の炭素数が6から12である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記脂肪族ジオールに由来する構成単位の炭素数が2から30である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位がテレフタル酸である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位がコハク酸である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の含有率が、前記生分解性樹脂組成物中の全ての樹脂に含まれる脂肪族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位及び芳香族ジカルボン酸に由来する構成単位の合計に対して40モル%以上である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- ASTM D6866に基づいて計算される前記生分解性樹脂(A)のバイオ度が20%以上である、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- さらに無機フィラーを含む、請求項1に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記無機フィラーとして炭酸カルシウムを含む、請求項9に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 前記炭酸カルシウムが重質炭酸カルシウムである、請求項10に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の生分解性樹脂組成物を用いてなる成形体。
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