WO2024190265A1 - 全固体セルにおける固体電解質の配置構造および電池 - Google Patents
全固体セルにおける固体電解質の配置構造および電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/48—Halides, with or without other cations besides aluminium
- C01F7/50—Fluorides
- C01F7/54—Double compounds containing both aluminium and alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrangement structure of a solid electrolyte in an all-solid-state cell, such as an all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery. It also relates to an all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery having that arrangement structure.
- all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary batteries (hereafter sometimes referred to as "all-solid-state batteries")
- a solid electrolyte is placed between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material as a separator, and lithium ions are conducted between the two active materials via the solid electrolyte.
- solid electrolytes include sulfide-based, oxide-based, and polymer-based types, but at present, sulfide-based electrolytes are considered to be advantageous in terms of ion conductivity and manufacturing costs.
- Patent Document 1 describes the use of a halide containing Cl as a solid electrolyte as a protective material that covers at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- a halide containing Cl as a solid electrolyte as a protective material that covers at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- an evaluation experiment was conducted using an electrochemical cell in which a halide solid electrolyte was placed in contact with a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the halide solid electrolyte shown in the examples was evaluated to have reacted and undergone oxidative decomposition at room temperature at a voltage of 3.88 to 4.47 V vs. In-Li (Table 1). This measured value is converted to a metallic Li standard, resulting in a value of 0.6 V added (paragraph 0173).
- the oxidation resistance during charging of the coating solid electrolyte (halide containing Cl) according to the technology of Patent Document 1 has been raised to about 4.48 to 5.07 V, which is higher than 4.45 V.
- the voltage at which a current value of 3 ⁇ A or more begins to flow is defined as the oxidative decomposition voltage and evaluated (paragraph 0175, Figure 3).
- Patent Document 2 describes the use of Li 3 AlF 6 as a material for the negative electrode active material.
- the technology of Patent Document 2 states that amorphous Li 3 AlF 6 may be used, but does not describe the use of the amorphous material on the positive electrode side.
- the present invention aims to provide technology that is advantageous for further improving the charging voltage in all-solid-state cells such as all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary batteries.
- a solid electrolyte arrangement structure which has a first solid electrolyte and a second solid electrolyte between a high-potential side conductive material and a low-potential side conductive material, the first solid electrolyte is mainly composed of a crystalline phase of a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure containing Li, Al, and F, or is mainly composed of an amorphous phase containing Li, Al, and F in a composition formula Li x AlF 3 + x, where x is in the range of 2.0 to 5.0; the second solid electrolyte is mainly composed of a sulfide or an oxide;
- the first solid electrolyte has an X-ray diffraction pattern using Cu-K ⁇ radiation with the horizontal axis representing 2 ⁇ (°), in which the half-width of the diffraction peak of the (222) crystal plane of a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure is 0.25° or more, or the half-width of the diffraction peak cannot be measured because the main component is amorphous.
- high potential side means that the solid electrolyte is disposed between the electrodes as a separator, and is located on the high potential electrode (positive electrode in a battery) side in the charge path.
- Low potential side means that the solid electrolyte is disposed between the electrodes as a separator, and is located on the low potential electrode (negative electrode in a battery) side in the charge path.
- an all-solid-state cell using a new solid electrolyte with a high decomposition voltage.
- a separator made of a known sulfide-based solid electrolyte for example, it is expected that an all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery with a charging voltage exceeding 5 V or 6 V can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of one embodiment of an all-solid-state battery having a solid electrolyte arrangement structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an X-ray diffraction pattern for a test material (first solid electrolyte) obtained in an example.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a (222) diffraction peak in an X-ray diffraction pattern for a test material (first solid electrolyte) obtained in an example.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic stacked structure of an electrochemical cell produced for evaluating high-voltage application resistance characteristics in the examples.
- 1 is a graph illustrating a potential-current curve measured using an electrochemical cell.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of one embodiment of an all-solid-state battery having a solid electrolyte arrangement according to the present invention.
- the cell structure is extremely simplified in order to explain the positional relationship of each member.
- a high-potential side conductive material 3 and a low-potential side conductive material 4 face each other with a first solid electrolyte 1 and a second solid electrolyte 2, which is a separator, sandwiched therebetween.
- the first solid electrolyte 1 is interposed between the high-potential side conductive material 3 and the second solid electrolyte 2. There is a mutual contact between the high-potential side conductive material 3 and the first solid electrolyte 1, and there is also a mutual contact between the first solid electrolyte 1 and the second solid electrolyte 2.
- the conductive material 3 on the high potential side is usually composed of a positive electrode active material 31 and a conductive material 32 other than the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material 31 is an ion-conductive material and a conductive material.
- the conductive material 32 other than the positive electrode active material is a current collector, a conductive additive, etc.
- the positive electrode material is generally composed of conductive materials such as a current collector, a positive electrode active material, and a conductive additive, as well as particles of an ion-conductive material (solid electrolyte) mixed to fill the gaps between the particles of the positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the positional relationship of the part of such a positive electrode material that is composed of a conductive material with respect to the first solid electrolyte 1.
- the positive electrode active material 31 and the first solid electrolyte 1 are in contact with each other, and ion conduction between the second solid electrolyte 2, which is a separator, and the positive electrode active material 31 is performed via the first solid electrolyte 1.
- electrical conduction is ensured between the positive electrode active material 31 and an external wiring member (not shown) that is connected to the conductive material 32 other than the positive electrode active material.
- Known substances can be used as the positive electrode active material 31, and new positive electrode active materials may also be developed and applied.
- Representative known positive electrode active materials include LiCoO 2 (LCO type), LiNiO 2 (LNO type), LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO type), LiNiCoAlO 2 (NCA type), LiNiCoMnO 2 (NCM type), Li 2 MnO 3 -LiNiCoMnO 2 (solid solution type), LiNiMnO 4 (spinel type), LiMnFePO 4 (phosphate type), Li 2 FeSiO 4 (silicate type), and the like.
- the first solid electrolyte 1 is mainly composed of a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure crystal phase or an amorphous phase containing Li, Al, and F in a predetermined range.
- the conductive material 3 on the high potential side is completely blocked from contact with the second solid electrolyte 2, which is a separator, by the first solid electrolyte 1. Therefore, the member constituting the conductive material 3 on the high potential side is prevented from reacting due to contact with the second solid electrolyte 2, which is mainly composed of sulfides, etc. That is, the first solid electrolyte 1 has a function as a protective material.
- the first solid electrolyte 1 applied in the present invention has excellent resistance to deterioration when a high voltage is applied when it is placed in contact with the second solid electrolyte 2, which is mainly composed of sulfides, etc., as described later, so that the arrangement structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is effective in improving the charging voltage of an all-solid-state battery.
- the second solid electrolyte 2 is composed mainly of a sulfide or an oxide, and functions as a separator. "Composed mainly of a sulfide or an oxide” means that the total content of sulfide and oxide among the constituent materials of the second solid electrolyte 2 is 50 mass% or more. Either one type of sulfide or one type of oxide may be used alone, or two or more substances selected from sulfides and oxides may be used in combination.
- the above sulfides and oxides may be any known substance having ion conductivity, and if a new ion conductive substance is developed, it may also be applicable.
- Representative known ion-conducting materials include Li6PS5Cl (crystal ( argyrodite)), Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3 ( crystal ) , Li10GeP2S12 ( crystal ) , 30Li2S.26B2S3.44LiI ( glass ), 63Li2S.36SiS2.1Li3PO4 (glass ) , 57Li2S.38SiS2.5Li4SiO4 ( glass ) , 70Li2S.30P2S5 ( glass ), Li7P3S11 ( glass ceramic) , and Li3.25P0.95S4 ( glass ceramic).
- the conductive material 4 on the low potential side is usually composed of a negative electrode active material 41 and a conductive material 42 other than the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode material is generally composed of conductive materials such as a current collector and a negative electrode active material, as well as particles of an ion-conducting material (solid electrolyte) mixed to fill the spaces between the particles of the negative electrode active material.
- the conductive material 4 on the low potential side in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship of the part of such a negative electrode material composed of a conductive material to the second solid electrolyte 2.
- the configuration of the conductive material 4 on the low potential side and the positional relationship between the conductive material 4 and the second solid electrolyte 2 can be the same as those of known all-solid-state batteries. Note that a third solid electrolyte may be placed between the second solid electrolyte 2 and the conductive material 4 on the low potential side, if necessary.
- the entire conductive material 3 on the high potential side is separated from the second solid electrolyte (such as a sulfide) which is the separator by the first solid electrolyte 1, so that the charging voltage can be improved without covering the surface of the particles of the positive electrode active material 31 with a solid electrolyte which is a protective material.
- the second solid electrolyte such as a sulfide
- Li 3 AlF 6 is used as the first solid electrolyte.
- Li 3 AlF 6 is generally known as a crystalline ion-conducting material. It is said that Li 3 AlF 6 crystals change into several phase forms, such as ⁇ and ⁇ , as the heat treatment temperature during synthesis increases.
- a material having a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure has ion conductivity that can be used as the above-mentioned protective material, and is excellent in the property of being unlikely to change (decompose) due to an oxidation reaction when a high voltage is applied in a state in which it is in contact with an ion-conducting material using a sulfide or the like (hereinafter, this may be referred to as "high voltage application resistance property").
- the compound Li 3 AlF 6 exhibits good high voltage application resistance property even when it has an amorphous structure, and its ion conductivity exceeds that of crystalline Li 3 AlF 6 .
- One embodiment of the first solid electrolyte is one that is mainly composed of a crystal phase having a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure containing Li (lithium), Al (aluminum), and F (fluorine).
- ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure refers to a crystal structure in which diffraction peaks corresponding to the diffraction peaks from each crystal plane of a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 crystal of stoichiometric composition are observed in an X-ray diffraction pattern.
- “Mainly composed of a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type crystal phase” means that, in an X-ray diffraction pattern, when the integrated intensity of the diffraction peak with the highest peak height among the diffraction peaks of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure is I 0 and the integrated intensity of the diffraction peak with the highest peak height among the diffraction peaks of a different phase (a crystal phase other than the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure) is I 1 , the relationship I 1 ⁇ I 0 is established.
- I 1 0
- the above relationship I 1 ⁇ I 0 is satisfied.
- the first solid electrolyte mainly composed of a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type crystal phase
- the ionic conductivity and high voltage application resistance characteristics due to the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type crystal phase are exhibited.
- the amount of different phase is small.
- I 1 ⁇ 0.5I 0 it is more preferable that I 1 ⁇ 0.3I 0.
- the first solid electrolyte is one in which no foreign phase is detected.
- the crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure that is the subject of the present invention can be distinguished from the crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure by observing the above-mentioned (222) diffraction peak.
- the crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure can exist in a composition range in which the composition ratio of Li, Al, and F is close to the stoichiometric composition of Li 3 AlF 6. Even if the composition has an atomic ratio of Li, Al, and F that is somewhat different from the stoichiometric composition of Li 3 AlF 6 , it is possible to form a solid electrolyte mainly composed of a crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure. However, from the viewpoint of minimizing the amount of different phases present, it is preferable that the composition formula Li x AlF 3 + x contains Li, Al, and F in a range where x is 2.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure is an ion conductive material that exhibits excellent high voltage application resistance characteristics.
- the Li 3 AlF 6 crystal has a structure in which Li ions are present around the framework of an AlF 6 octahedron, and it is considered that the chemical stability is enhanced due to the strong Al-F bond of the framework, and it is speculated that the chemical stability of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure is particularly effective in improving the high voltage application resistance characteristics.
- the inventors also confirmed that the ionic conductivity is improved in the crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure with a relatively low degree of crystallinity (regularity of atomic arrangement). It is believed that the low crystallinity makes it easier to ensure the diffusion path of Li ions in the three-dimensional direction, which is advantageous for ionic conduction.
- the half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern can be used as an index of crystallinity. The half-width is large when the crystallinity is low.
- the effect of improving ionic conductivity is large in the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure in which the half-width of the diffraction peak of the (222) crystal plane (a peak observed at 2 ⁇ of approximately 31.2° with Cu-K ⁇ radiation), which is a characteristic of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure, is 0.25° or more. It is more effective that the half-width is 0.35° or more.
- the diffraction peak of the (222) crystal plane has little overlap with other diffraction peaks, making it suitable for evaluating crystallinity.
- the crystallinity of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure crystal can be controlled mainly by the sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature is lowered, it becomes easier to obtain a crystal with low crystallinity.
- Amorphous Phase Another embodiment of the first solid electrolyte is one whose main component is an amorphous phase containing Li, Al, and F in the composition formula Li x AlF 3+x, where x is in the range of 2.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
- amorphous phase no clear diffraction peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern, but a broad peak (rise) is observed in the region where 2 ⁇ is a relatively low angle.
- a crystalline phase is mixed, a diffraction peak due to the crystal may be observed.
- Mainnly composed of an amorphous phase refers to a case where, in an X-ray diffraction pattern with 2 ⁇ (°) on the horizontal axis and observed intensity (arbitrary unit) on the vertical axis, the vertical axis height of the top of the broad peak is higher than the vertical axis height of any diffraction peak due to the mixed crystalline phase.
- the crystal phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure exhibits excellent high voltage application resistance characteristics, but it has been confirmed that amorphous Li 3 AlF 6 can also realize higher high voltage application resistance characteristics than conventional ion conductive materials used as protective materials, and that ion conductivity is superior to the above ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure.
- amorphous Li 3 AlF 6 can also realize higher high voltage application resistance characteristics than conventional ion conductive materials used as protective materials, and that ion conductivity is superior to the above ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure.
- no clear peaks are observed in X-ray diffraction for amorphous Li 3 AlF 6 , it is possible that the skeletal structure of AlF 6 is randomly dispersed and Li is present between the skeletons. It is speculated that such a unique structure may improve the high voltage application resistance characteristics.
- the present invention specifies that the first solid electrolyte mainly composed of an amorphous phase contains Li, Al, and F in the composition formula Li x AlF 3+x , where x is in the range of 2.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the compositional requirements of the present invention are satisfied as long as either the crystalline phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure or the amorphous phase is the main component.
- the crystalline phase of the ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure and the amorphous phase of the compound Li 3 AlF 6 can be synthesized, for example, by utilizing the processes of the “liquid phase method” or the “solid phase method” described below.
- Li-containing, Al-containing and F-containing substances are dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous solution containing Li, Al and F.
- Li-containing substance is lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 )
- Al-containing substance is aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O)
- F-containing substance is ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F).
- the amounts of each substance mixed should be such that the ratio of Li, Al and F is the stoichiometric composition of Li 3 AlF 6 , but variations in the composition formula Li x AlF 3+x are allowed within the range where x is 2.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the water component of the solvent is evaporated off to obtain a powder. Heating during evaporation is preferably performed at 120° C. or less. If the objective is to obtain an amorphous phase material, the powder obtained at this stage is recovered and used. Next, the powder is sintered to synthesize a crystal phase of ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure.
- the sintering atmosphere can be air, but is preferably an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar.
- the sintering temperature is preferably in the range of 170 to 430°C. By setting the maximum temperature within the above temperature range, it is possible to prevent the formation of a crystal phase of ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure.
- the sintering time retention time in the above temperature range
- the maximum sintering temperature is more preferably 350°C or less, and even more preferably 300°C or less.
- the powder obtained by this mechanical mixing is recovered and used.
- the powder obtained by the mechanical mixing is sintered in the same manner as in the liquid phase method described above to synthesize a crystal phase having a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure.
- Example 1 A powder having a stoichiometric composition of Li 3 AlF 6 with respect to the amount ratio of Li, Al, and F was synthesized by a liquid phase method as follows. 3.20 g of lithium nitrate LiNO 3 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 5.79 g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO 3 ) 3.9H 2 O (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and 3.43 g of ammonium fluoride NH 4 F (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were mixed in 125 g of pure water at 25 ° C., and completely dissolved by stirring with a stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a raw material aqueous solution.
- the raw material aqueous solution was heated and kept at 100 ° C. while stirring with a stirrer to evaporate water. After that, it was vacuum dried by keeping it at 110 ° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum chamber, and a white dried powder was obtained. This dried powder was calcined by keeping it at 400 ° C. for 6 hours in an Ar atmosphere to obtain a calcined powder. This calcined powder was used as a test material for the following experiment.
- the half-width of the (222) diffraction peak was calculated using X-ray diffraction pattern analysis software (PDXL2, manufactured by RIGAKU Corporation) based on the measurement data using K ⁇ 1 ray from which K ⁇ 2 ray was removed, under the condition that the ⁇ cut value, which is the threshold value between the background and the peak, was set to 3.0.
- the half-width of the (222) diffraction peak of the sample material in this example was 0.20°.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the (222) diffraction peak (this also applies to each of the following Examples).
- test material (Evaluation of ionic conductivity) A powder sample of 0.09 g of the test material was placed in a cylindrical container with a diameter of 10 mm, and pressed at 180 MPa with a press to obtain a compact. The obtained compact was measured for ion conductivity by AC impedance method at 25° C. under an Ar atmosphere using a potentio/galvanostat (VersaSTAT4, manufactured by Priston Co.) in the range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz and an amplitude voltage of 100 mV. The resistance value of the sample was obtained from a Cole-Cole plot (complex impedance plane plot) of the measured value, and the ion conductivity of the test material was calculated from the obtained resistance value. As a result, it was confirmed that the test material in this example had an ion conductivity of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 11 S/cm and was a solid electrolyte exhibiting lithium ion conductivity.
- An electrochemical cell having the laminated structure shown in FIG. 4 was fabricated as follows.
- An argyrodite-type sulfide Li6PS5Cl
- 57 mg of this sulfide was placed in an insulating outer cylinder (inner diameter 9.5 mm) made of an alumina tube and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa to form a layer of the second solid electrolyte.
- 20 mg of the powder as the test material was placed on the second solid electrolyte layer and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa to form a first solid electrolyte layer.
- the electrochemical cell prepared as described above was placed in a thermostatic chamber at 25°C, and with the composite layer side as the working electrode, which is the high potential electrode, and the counter electrode layer side as the counter electrode, which is the low potential electrode, the voltage was swept from the open circuit voltage of the electrochemical cell to 6.0 V vs Li (synonymous with 5.4 V vs In-Li) at a sweep rate of 1 mV/s, and the current fluctuations were measured.
- the potential value (V) represents the Li-based potential (V vs Li).
- the Li-based potential (V vs Li) is the value obtained by adding 0.6 V to the In-Li-based potential (V vs In-Li).
- the solid electrolyte is originally an insulating material with respect to electrical conduction based on the movement of electrons, as shown in Patent Document 1, when the applied voltage to the working electrode in the above electrochemical cell is swept toward the high potential side, a small current flows at first, which is thought to be due to a non-Faraday reaction not involving the transfer of electrons, or a side reaction of adsorbed water or impurities. Then, when the first solid electrolyte undergoes an oxidation reaction and is altered (decomposed), a current associated with the oxidation reaction is observed. When the current starts to increase relative to the above-mentioned small current, which is the base current, it can be considered that the oxidation of the first solid electrolyte is occurring.
- the applied voltage at which a current value 1.5 times the current value at an applied voltage of 4.0 V is first observed is defined as the "decomposition voltage”
- the high voltage application resistance characteristic is evaluated based on the decomposition voltage.
- the decomposition voltage of the test material in this example was 5.83 V.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a potential-current curve measured using this electrochemical cell (the same applies to each of the following Examples).
- Patent Document 1 uniformly defines the oxidative decomposition voltage as the voltage at which a current of 3 ⁇ A flows (paragraph 0175).
- the above decomposition voltage defined in this specification is calculated for the data shown in Figure 3 of Patent Document 1, it is lower than the oxidative decomposition voltage of the examples shown in Table 1 of Patent Document 1 (4.48 to 5.07 V converted to Li).
- the decomposition voltage defined in this specification adopts stricter standards than Patent Document 1 in that it regards the potential before a sudden increase in current value begins to occur as the decomposition voltage.
- Example 2 A test material was synthesized under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the firing temperature was changed from 400°C to 300°C. The obtained test material was examined in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that the obtained test material had a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure, and the half-width of the (222) diffraction peak was 0.25°. The ionic conductivity was 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, which was better than that of Example 1. Furthermore, in a potential sweep up to 6.0 V, no current flowed that reached the decomposition voltage. In other words, the decomposition voltage is evaluated to be greater than 6.0 V.
- Example 3 A powder having a stoichiometric composition of Li 3 AlF 6 with respect to the amount ratio of Li, Al, and F was synthesized by a solid phase method as follows. Lithium fluoride LiF (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and aluminum fluoride AlF 3 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were weighed out to a molar ratio of 3:1. These were ground and mixed in a dry ball mill using zirconia balls with a diameter of 10 mm in an Ar atmosphere for 36 hours to obtain a white powder. This powder was fired by maintaining it in an Ar atmosphere at 300° C. for 6 hours to obtain a fired powder.
- Lithium fluoride LiF manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- AlF 3 manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- This sintered powder was used as a test material and subjected to the same examination as in Example 1.
- the obtained test material was confirmed to have a ⁇ -Li 3 AlF 6 type structure, and the half-width of the (222) diffraction peak was 0.28°.
- the ionic conductivity was 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 S/cm, and the decomposition voltage was 5.73 V.
- Example 5 A powder having a stoichiometric composition of Li 3 AlF 6 with respect to the amount ratio of Li, Al, and F was synthesized by a solid phase method as follows. Lithium fluoride LiF (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and aluminum fluoride AlF 3 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were weighed out to a molar ratio of 3:1. These were pulverized and mixed in a dry ball mill using zirconia balls with a diameter of 10 mm in an Ar atmosphere for 36 hours to obtain a white powder.
- Lithium fluoride LiF manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- AlF 3 manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- this powder (unsintered) was used as a test material and subjected to the same investigation as in the examples. As a result, it was confirmed that the obtained test material was amorphous.
- the ionic conductivity was 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 S/cm, which was even better than that of Example 3.
- the decomposition voltage was 4.85 V.
- Example 1 When the X-ray diffraction pattern was measured, it was confirmed that the test material was amorphous.
- the ionic conductivity and high voltage application resistance were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the ionic conductivity was good at 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 S/cm, but the decomposition voltage was low at 4.36 V. The above results are shown in Table 1.
- the ion conductive material (first solid electrolyte) having the composition specified in the present invention obtained in each example has excellent high voltage application resistance when adjacent to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, and also has good ion conductivity. Therefore, the solid electrolyte arrangement structure of the present invention formed by using such ion conductive materials for the first solid electrolyte can contribute to improving the charging voltage in all-solid-state batteries.
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Abstract
Description
[1]全固体セルにおいて、高電位側の導電材料と低電位側の導電材料の間に、第1の固体電解質と第2の固体電解質を有する、固体電解質の配置構造であって、
前記第1の固体電解質は、Li、Al、Fを含むβ-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を主成分とするもの、または組成式LixAlF3+xにおいてxが2.0以上5.0以下を満たす範囲でLi、Al、Fを含む非晶質相を主成分とするものであり、前記第2の固体電解質は、硫化物または酸化物を主成分とするものであり、
前記第1の固体電解質が前記高電位側の導電材料と前記第2の固体電解質の間に介在し、前記高電位側の導電材料と第1の固体電解質との接触部および第1の固体電解質と第2の固体電解質との接触部を有する、全固体セルにおける固体電解質の配置構造。
[2]前記第1の固体電解質は、Cu-Kα線を用いた横軸が2θ(°)であるX線回折パターンにおいて、β-Li3AlF6型構造の(222)結晶面の回折ピークの半価幅が0.25°以上となるもの、または非晶質が主成分であるために前記回折ピークの半価幅が測定できないものである、上記[1]に記載の固体電解質の配置構造。
[3]前記高電位側の導電材料は正極活物質とそれ以外の導電部材とで構成され、前記第1の固体電解質が前記正極活物質と前記第2の固体電解質の間に介在することによって、正極活物質と第2の固体電解質との直接の接触が回避されるとともに、正極活物質と第1の固体電解質との接触部および第1の固体電解質と第2の固体電解質との接触部を有することによって、正極活物質と第2の固体電解質の間のイオン伝導が確保される構造を有する、上記[1]または[2]に記載の全固体セルにおける固体電解質の配置構造。
[4]前記全固体セルが全固体リチウムイオン二次電池である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の固体電解質の配置構造。
[5]上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の固体電解質の配置構造を有する、全固体リチウムイオン二次電池。
本発明で対象とする全固体セルの構成例を、全固体電池を例に説明する。
図1に、本発明の固体電解質の配置構造を有する全固体電池の1態様についての断面構造を、模式的に例示する。この図は各部材の位置関係を説明するために、セルの構造を究めて簡略化して描いてある。高電位側の導電材料3と低電位側の導電材料4とが、第1の固体電解質1とセパレータである第2の固体電解質2を挟んで対向している。第1の固体電解質1は、高電位側の導電材料3と第2の固体電解質2の間に介在している。高電位側の導電材料3と第1の固体電解質1との間には互いの接触部があり、かつ第1の固体電解質1と第2の固体電解質2との間にも互いの接触部がある。
上記の第1の固体電解質として、本発明では化合物Li3AlF6を使用する。Li3AlF6は一般的に結晶性のイオン伝導物質として知られている。Li3AlF6結晶は、合成時の熱処理温度が高くなるにつれてβ、γなど、いくつかの相形態に変化するとされる。発明者らは研究の結果、上記の相形態のうち、β-Li3AlF6型構造を持つ物質が、上述の保護材として使用できるイオン伝導性を有するとともに、硫化物などを使用したイオン伝導物質に接触した状態で高い電圧を付与したときに酸化反応による変質(分解)が起こりにくい特性(以下これを「耐高電圧印加特性」と言うことがある。)に優れる物質であることを発見した。また、化合物Li3AlF6は、非晶質(アモルファス)の構造を有する場合においても、良好な耐高電圧印加特性を呈し、イオン伝導性に関しては結晶質のLi3AlF6を上回ることが確認された。
第1の固体電解質の1態様として、Li(リチウム)、Al(アルミニウム)、F(フッ素)を含むβ-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を主成分とする態様が挙げられる。
ここで、「β-Li3AlF6型構造」とは、X線回折パターンにおいて化学量論組成のβ-Li3AlF6結晶の各結晶面からの回折ピークに対応する回折ピークが観測される結晶構造をいう。
「β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を主成分とする」とは、X線回折パターンにおいて、β-Li3AlF6型構造の回折ピークのうち最もピーク高さの高い回折ピークの積分強度をI0、異相(β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相以外の結晶相)の回折ピークのうち最もピーク高さの高い回折ピークの積分強度をI1とするとき、I1<I0の関係が成り立つことを意味する。ここで、異相が検出されない場合はI1=0となり、上記I1<I0の関係を満たす。β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を主成分とする第1の固体電解質において、異相が混在していても、β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相によるイオン伝導性や耐高電圧印加特性は発揮される。しかし、それらの作用をより効率的に得るためには異相の存在量は少ないことが望ましい。例えば、I1<0.5I0であることがより好ましく、I1<0.3I0であることがさらに好ましい。異相が検出されない第1の固体電解質であることが特に好ましい。
β-Li3AlF6型構造結晶の結晶性は、主として焼成温度によって制御できる。焼成温度を低くすると結晶性の低いものが得られやすくなる。
第1の固体電解質の別の態様として、組成式LixAlF3+xにおいてxが2.0以上5.0以下を満たす範囲でLi、Al、Fを含む非晶質相を主成分とする態様が挙げられる。
非晶質では、X線回折パターンに明確な回折ピークは見られないが、2θが比較的低角度である領域にブロードな強度の山(盛り上がり)が観測される。結晶相が混在する場合には、その結晶に起因する回折ピークが観測されることもある。「非晶質相を主成分とする」とは、横軸に2θ(°)、縦軸に観測強度(任意単位)をとったX線回折パターンにおいて、上記のブロードな強度の山の頂上部の縦軸高さが、混在する結晶相に起因するいずれの回折ピークの縦軸高さよりも高い場合を言う。
なお、当該非晶質相と、上述のβ-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相とが混在している場合は、β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相、非晶質相のうち、いずれかが主成分であれば、本発明の組成的要件を満たす。
β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相、および化合物Li3AlF6の非晶質相は、例えば以下に示す「液相法」または「固相法」のプロセスを利用して合成することができる。
水溶性のLi含有物質、Al含有物質、F含有物質を水に溶解させ、Li、Al、Fを含む水溶液を作る。Li含有物質としては例えば硝酸リチウム(LiNO3)、Al含有物質としては例えば硝酸アルミニウム九水和物(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)、F含有物質としては例えばフッ化アンモニウム(NH4F)を例示することができる。各物質の混合量はLi、Al、Fの量比がLi3AlF6の化学量論組成となるようにすればよいが、組成式LixAlF3+xにおいてxが2.0以上5.0以下を満たす範囲での変動は許容される。
次に、溶媒の水成分を蒸発除去させ、粉体を得る。蒸発除去での加熱は120℃以下で行うことが望ましい。非晶質相の物質を得ることが目的である場合は、この段階で得られた粉体を回収し採用する。
次に、上記の粉体を焼成してβ-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を合成する。焼成雰囲気は大気とすることもできるが、Arなどの不活性ガス雰囲気とすることが好ましい。焼成温度は170~430℃の範囲とすることが好ましい。最高到達温度を前記温度範囲内とすることによりγ-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相の生成を防ぐことができる。焼成時間(上記温度域での保持時間)は例えば0.5~5時間の範囲で設定すればよい。なお、焼成の最高到達温度は350℃以下とすることがより好ましく、300℃以下とすることが更に好ましい。
固体物質であるフッ化リチウム(LiF)とフッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)を、機械的に混合する。これらの物質の混合比はLi、Al、Fの量比がLi3AlF6の化学量論組成となるようにLiF:AlF3=3:1とすればよいが、組成式LixAlF3+xにおいてxが2.0以上5.0以下を満たす範囲での変動は許容される。機械的混合は乾式ボールミルなどの粉砕機を用いて粉砕混合する手法で行うことができる。粉砕混合の時間は、両物質が十分に混合されるよう、1~50時間の範囲で設定することが好ましい。混合容器内の雰囲気はArなどの不活性ガス雰囲気とすることが好ましい。非晶質相の物質を得ることが目的である場合は、この機械的混合で得られた粉体を回収し採用する。
次に、上記の機械的混合によって得られた粉体を、上述の液相法の場合と同様の方法で焼成して、β-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を合成する。
液相法により、以下のようにしてLi、Al、Fの量比がLi3AlF6の化学量論組成となる粉体を合成した。
硝酸リチウムLiNO3(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)3.20g、硝酸アルミニウム九水和物Al(NO3)3・9H2O(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)5.79g、フッ化アンモニウムNH4F(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)3.43gを25℃の純水125g中に混合し、スターラーで30分撹拌して完全に溶解させ、原料水溶液を得た。この原料水溶液を昇温し、スターラーで撹拌しながら100℃に保持することによって水分を蒸発させた。その後、真空引きしたチャンバー内に110℃で2時間保持する方法により真空乾燥させ、白色の乾燥粉体を得た。この乾燥粉体をAr雰囲気中400℃で6時間保持する方法で焼成し、焼成粉体を得た。この焼成粉体を供試材として以下の実験に供した。
X線回折装置(RIGAKU社製、Ultima IV)を用いて、Cu-Kα線、管電圧:40kV、管電流:40mA、発散スリット:1/2°、散乱スリット:8mm、受光スリット:解放、ステップ幅:0.02°/step、スキャンスピード:0.666667の条件で、供試材のX線回折パターンを測定した。その結果、本例供試材はβ-Li3AlF6型構造であることが確認された。
図2に、X線回折パターンを例示する(以下の各実施例において同様)。
図3に、(222)回折ピークの拡大図を示す(以下の各実施例において同様)。
供試材の粉体試料0.09gを直径10mmの円筒容器中に入れ、プレス機によって180MPaでプレスして圧粉体を得た。得られた圧粉体について、Ar雰囲気下、25℃にて、ポテンショ/ガルバノスタット(Prinston社製、VersaSTAT4)を用い、交流インピーダンス法により0.1Hz~1MHzの範囲、振幅電圧100mVの条件でイオン伝導の測定を行った。その測定値のCole-Coleプロット(複素インピーダンス平面プロット)から、試料の抵抗値を求め、得られた抵抗値から当該供試材のイオン伝導度を算出した。その結果、本例供試材は、イオン伝導度が5×10-11S/cmであり、リチウムイオン伝導性を呈する固体電解質であることが確認された。
ここでは、特許文献1に開示される評価方法に準じて、供試材の固体電解質(第1の固体電解質)と硫化物系の固体電解質(第2の固体電解質)とが隣接する構造の全固体電気化学セルを作製し、供試材の酸化反応に起因する分解電圧を求めた。具体的には以下のようにして実験を行った。
第2の固体電解質としてアルジロダイト型硫化物(Li6PS5Cl)用意した。この硫化物57mgをアルミナ管からなる絶縁性外筒(内径9.5mm)に投入し、80MPaの圧力で加圧成形することにより第2の固体電解質の層を形成した。
次に、供試材である粉体20mgを第2の固体電解質層の上に投入し、80MPaの圧力で加圧成形することにより第1の固体電解質の層を形成した。
次に、供試材の粉体とステンレス鋼(SUS316)の粉体とを50:50の体積比となるように乳鉢で混合して得た合材20mgを、第1の固体電解質の層の上に投入し、360MPaの圧力で加圧成形することにより合材の層を形成した。
次に、第2の固体電解質層の下(第1の固体電解質と反対側)に、厚さ200μmの金属In(インジウム)のシート、厚さ300μmの金属Liのシート、および厚さ200μmの金属Inのシートを上記の順に積層し、80MPaの圧力で加圧成形することにより、In/Li/Inの3相構造からなる対極部材の層を形成した。
次に、ステンレス鋼(SUS316)の板材からなる集電体を合材層の上および対極部材層の下にそれぞれ配置し、各集電体に集電リードを設けた。
図5に、この電気化学セルを用いて測定した電位-電流曲線を例示する(以下の各実施例において同様)。
焼成温度を400℃から300℃に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同様の条件で供試材を合成した。
得られた供試材について実施例1と同様の調査を行った。その結果、得られた供試材はβ-Li3AlF6型構造であることが確認され、(222)回折ピークの半価幅は0.25°であった。イオン伝導度は1×10-9S/cmであり実施例1より良好であった。また、6.0Vまでの電位掃引において分解電圧に至る電流は流れなかった。すなわち分解電圧は6.0Vを超えると評価される。
固相法により、以下のようにしてLi、Al、Fの量比がLi3AlF6の化学量論組成となる粉体を合成した。
フッ化リチウムLiF(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)と、フッ化アルミニウムAlF3(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)とを、モル比で3:1となるように秤量した。これらを乾式ボールミルにより直径10mmのジルコニアボールを用いてAr雰囲気中で36時間粉砕混合し、白色の粉体を得た。この粉体をAr雰囲気中300℃で6時間保持する方法で焼成し、焼成粉体を得た。
この焼成粉体を供試材として実施例1と同様の調査に供した。その結果、得られた供試材はβ-Li3AlF6型構造であることが確認され、(222)回折ピークの半価幅は0.28°であった。イオン伝導度は3×10-9S/cm、分解電圧は5.73Vであった。
焼成温度を300℃から200℃に変更したことを除き、実施例3と同様の条件で供試材を合成した。
得られた供試材について実施例1と同様の調査を行った。その結果、得られた供試材はβ-Li3AlF6型構造であることが確認され、(222)回折ピークの半価幅は0.44°であり、実施例3より結晶性の低いものが得られた。イオン伝導度は1×10-8S/cmであり、実施例3よりも向上した。分解電圧は5.12Vであった。
固相法により、以下のようにしてLi、Al、Fの量比がLi3AlF6の化学量論組成となる粉体を合成した。
フッ化リチウムLiF(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)と、フッ化アルミニウムAlF3(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)とを、モル比で3:1となるように秤量した。これらを乾式ボールミルにより直径10mmのジルコニアボールを用いてAr雰囲気中で36時間粉砕混合し、白色の粉体を得た。
ここではこの粉体(未焼成のもの)を供試材として、実施例と同様の調査に供した。その結果、得られた供試材は非晶質であることが確認された。イオン伝導度は5×10-7S/cmであり、実施例3よりもさらに良好であった。分解電圧は4.85Vであった。
従来から正極活物質の保護材に使用されているニオブ酸リチウムLiNbO3の粉体を以下に示す液相法により合成した。
純水19.6g中へ濃度35質量%の過酸化水素水7.7gを添加した過酸化水素水溶液を準備した。この過酸化水素水溶液に、Nb2O5含有率が58.0%であるニオブ酸(Nb2O5・nH2O)4.4gを添加したのち、液温を20~30℃に維持し、濃度28質量%のアンモニア水3.5gを添加し、大気雰囲気下で十分に撹拌して透明溶液を得た。次いで、窒素雰囲気中で、この液に水酸化リチウム一水和物(LiOH・H2O)0.9gを添加し、リチウムと、ペルオキソ錯体とを含有する透明な水溶液を得たのち、窒素雰囲気中で、100℃のホットプレートにより液を加熱して蒸発乾固させた。その後、得られた乾燥固化物に200℃で12時間保持する熱処理を施した。この熱処理後の粉体を供試材として以下の調査に供した。
実施例1と同様の方法でイオン伝導性および耐高電圧印加特性の評価を行った。その結果、イオン伝導度は5×10-8S/cmと良好であった。しかし、分解電圧は4.36Vと低かった。
以上の結果を表1にまとめて示す。
2 第2の固体電解質
3 高電位側の導電材料
4 低電位側の導電材料
31 正極活物質
32 正極活物質以外の導電材料
41 負極活物質
42 負極活物質以外の導電材料
Claims (5)
- 全固体セルにおいて、高電位側の導電材料と低電位側の導電材料の間に、第1の固体電解質と第2の固体電解質を有する、固体電解質の配置構造であって、
前記第1の固体電解質は、Li、Al、Fを含むβ-Li3AlF6型構造の結晶相を主成分とするもの、または組成式LixAlF3+xにおいてxが2.0以上5.0以下を満たす範囲でLi、Al、Fを含む非晶質相を主成分とするものであり、前記第2の固体電解質は、硫化物または酸化物を主成分とするものであり、
前記第1の固体電解質が前記高電位側の導電材料と前記第2の固体電解質の間に介在し、前記高電位側の導電材料と第1の固体電解質との接触部および第1の固体電解質と第2の固体電解質との接触部を有する、全固体セルにおける固体電解質の配置構造。 - 前記第1の固体電解質は、Cu-Kα線を用いた横軸が2θ(°)であるX線回折パターンにおいて、β-Li3AlF6型構造の(222)結晶面の回折ピークの半価幅が0.25°以上となるもの、または非晶質が主成分であるために前記回折ピークの半価幅が測定できないものである、請求項1に記載の固体電解質の配置構造。
- 前記高電位側の導電材料は正極活物質とそれ以外の導電部材とで構成され、前記第1の固体電解質が前記正極活物質と前記第2の固体電解質の間に介在することによって、正極活物質と第2の固体電解質との直接の接触が回避されるとともに、正極活物質と第1の固体電解質との接触部および第1の固体電解質と第2の固体電解質との接触部を有することによって、正極活物質と第2の固体電解質の間のイオン伝導が確保される構造を有する、請求項1に記載の全固体セルにおける固体電解質の配置構造。
- 前記全固体セルが全固体リチウムイオン二次電池である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質の配置構造。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質の配置構造を有する、全固体リチウムイオン二次電池。
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5782820A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-05-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Amorphous body of lithium fluoroaluminate |
| WO2010021205A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
| US20130071745A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-21 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode active material, preparation method thereof, and electrode and lithium battery containing the same |
| WO2018123479A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | 日本碍子株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池及びその製造方法 |
| CN110277539A (zh) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-24 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 正极材料和锂离子电池 |
| US20200152976A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-05-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Atomic layer deposition of stable lithium ion conductive interfacial layer for stable cathode cycling |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5782820A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-05-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Amorphous body of lithium fluoroaluminate |
| WO2010021205A1 (ja) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池及びその製造方法 |
| US20130071745A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-21 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electrode active material, preparation method thereof, and electrode and lithium battery containing the same |
| WO2018123479A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-05 | 日本碍子株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池及びその製造方法 |
| US20200152976A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-05-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Atomic layer deposition of stable lithium ion conductive interfacial layer for stable cathode cycling |
| CN110277539A (zh) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-09-24 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 正极材料和锂离子电池 |
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