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WO2024094749A1 - Dispositif et procédé de capture optique de données relatives à une structure biologique - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de capture optique de données relatives à une structure biologique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024094749A1
WO2024094749A1 PCT/EP2023/080464 EP2023080464W WO2024094749A1 WO 2024094749 A1 WO2024094749 A1 WO 2024094749A1 EP 2023080464 W EP2023080464 W EP 2023080464W WO 2024094749 A1 WO2024094749 A1 WO 2024094749A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
illumination
coupling
radiation
detection
light guides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2023/080464
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel BOESE
Anna Schaufler
Roland Croner
Ulf Kahlert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otto Von Guericke Universitaet Magdeburg
Original Assignee
Otto Von Guericke Universitaet Magdeburg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otto Von Guericke Universitaet Magdeburg filed Critical Otto Von Guericke Universitaet Magdeburg
Priority to EP23801704.0A priority Critical patent/EP4611609A1/fr
Publication of WO2024094749A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024094749A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for optically detecting data of a biological structure according to the preamble of the independent claim and to a method according to the independent claim.
  • a number of devices for the optical acquisition of data from biological structures are known from the prior art (e.g. WO 1 998/038907 Al; US 201 0/02281 24 Al).
  • illumination light is usually emitted in a directed manner along a preferred direction in order to either directly acquire image data or to generate suitable detection radiation, which can then be detected and evaluated.
  • it is known to mark biological structures with excitable molecules (fluorophores).
  • existing autofluorescence of the biological structure in question can be used to generate detection radiation.
  • Devices for optical acquisition can be temporarily brought to the biological structure or permanently arranged there (e.g. WO 2021/050843 Al).
  • a disadvantage of the methods and devices of the state of the art is that direct illumination can damage the biological structure.
  • the data recorded can be difficult to reproduce if there is a slight change in the angle of illumination or if the biological structure changes, for example if it grows, differentiates or changes its condition.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a possibility for the optical acquisition of data of a biological structure, by means of which the disadvantages of the prior art are reduced.
  • the device has a light source for providing illumination radiation of at least one wavelength.
  • a light source for example, designed as a
  • a plurality of optical light guides in the form of a bundle serve as illumination light guides for guiding the illumination radiation to a sample location.
  • the illumination radiation is emitted at this location.
  • the guiding takes place essentially by means of total reflection on a wall of the light guide.
  • the total reflection can be caused by the cross-section of the light guide and a refractive power of a cladding of the respective light guide, whereby the refractive power can be matched to the wavelength or wavelength range of the illumination radiation.
  • at least one optical detection light guide is present for guiding a detection radiation emitted at the sample location, whereby this is guided to a detector which is used to capture the detection radiation.
  • the device is characterized in that the illumination light guides each have a coupling-out region which extends within a section of the length of a respective illumination light guide and through which the illumination radiation is at least partially coupled out, wherein an undirected, diffuse emission of the coupled-out illumination radiation to the environment, that is to say in particular to the sample location, can or does take place.
  • An important idea of the invention lies in the undirected or diffuse emission of the illumination radiation, which results in uniform illumination of a sample location and allows a signal to be generated over a large spatial sector.
  • diffuse illumination relieves a user of the invention of the task of having to specifically align the illumination or of having to control its alignment over a recording period.
  • Diffuse illumination can be achieved, for example, by modifying the cross-section of the illumination light guide and/or its casing over the extension of the coupling-out area. This modification at least partially eliminates total reflection there.
  • a cross-section can be changed in order to couple out a portion of the illumination radiation guided in the light guide by partially hitting the outer wall of the light guide at angles that do not cause total reflection.
  • optical properties such as the refractive index of the casing used in each case (cladding) or a local omission of such a covering can support the emission of the illumination radiation.
  • illumination light guides are referred to as illumination light guides if they guide illumination light to the sample location.
  • Detection light guides are light guides that guide detection radiation to a detector. If the specific function is not relevant in a technical context, the term light guides is also used for simplicity.
  • the illumination light guides can form a planar or spatial structure at least in sections, preferably over the length of the respective coupling-out region.
  • Each light guide or a number of light guides can be designed as a tangle in which the light guides are intertwined in an undirected manner at least over the length of the coupling-out region.
  • the light guides can be arranged in a directed manner at least in sections, preferably over the length of a respective coupling-out region, and form a planar or spatial structure.
  • the illumination light guides can be separated and guided as a loop. They can also be laid, woven or wound parallel to one another or crossing one another in at least one layer around a shaping base body ("dummy") so that they enclose it in a regular pattern.
  • the base body can preferably be removed again, in particular after completion of the spatial structure and, if necessary, after fixing the illumination light guides to (elastically) maintain the spatial structure even without the shaping base body.
  • the base body is advantageously elastically deformable, plastically deformable or can be dismantled into several individual parts in order to be able to remove it from the spatial structure again or to be able to adapt the spatial structure to the shape of a specific sample location.
  • One way to effectively use the available material and installation space within the scope of the invention is to continue the light guides as detection light guides after the planar or spatial structure formed by the coupling-out area. This avoids the illumination light guides ending in more or less pointed individual fibers.
  • Such fiber ends would be disadvantageous on the one hand because a large part of the Illumination radiation would be emitted in a more or less directed manner, which would contradict the aim of diffuse illumination.
  • fiber ends are fragile and would also have a negative impact on the usability of the device as an implant (see below) due to their potential tissue-irritating effect.
  • biocompatible coating can be used as a polymer.
  • the light source and the detector are to be arranged close to one another, for example to enable a compact design of the device
  • the light guides can be bent after or already in the coupling-out region, wherein the detection light guides are arranged, for example, substantially parallel to the course of the plurality of illumination light guides.
  • the coupling region is formed by a collecting optic. This can be present, for example, at a fiber end of a detection light guide and can be designed, for example, as an optical lens.
  • the illumination light guides are continued as detection light guides after the coupling-out region and either the coupling-out region essentially functions at the same time as the coupling-in region or the coupling-out region and the coupling-in region follow one another.
  • the detection optical fiber can have a modified cross-section within the coupling area, preferably as a result of a The grinding creates an optical window through which detection radiation can be coupled into the detection light guide.
  • At least one optical diffraction grating is arranged or formed within the coupling and/or decoupling area, which is adapted to the respective illumination radiation and/or detection radiation.
  • the efficiency of the coupling of detection radiation can be adjusted to the respective detection radiation in a wavelength-selective manner and (re-)coupling of illumination radiation or other parasitic radiation can be prevented or reduced.
  • the individual light guides are arranged in a known pattern to the spatial structure, as described above, and the respective coupling-out areas or coupling-in areas extend only over known sectors of the planar or spatial structure, an approximate localization of the origin of the detected detection radiation can be carried out.
  • the detection light guides or bundles of these are each assigned exclusively to certain detector elements of a spatially resolving detector, for example a detector with a CCD, CMOS or sCMOS chip.
  • a detected signal can be assigned to a certain detection light guide or a certain bundle of detection light guides. If the spatial arrangement of the relevant light guides or their coupling areas is known, an approximate localization of the origin of the signal can be carried out.
  • At least one additional optical fiber can be arranged without an output coupling area and an input coupling area and can act as a reference conductor. With such a design, for example, signal contributions that enter the optical fiber outside the input coupling area can be evaluated.
  • an optical filter or beam splitter can be arranged in front of the detector, which is transparent to the respective detection radiation, but blocks radiation of other wavelengths or deflects it away from the detector, for example in the direction of a beam trap.
  • the device according to the invention can be used as an implant. In this case of use, it is advantageous if a power supply source for the light source and/or the detector, in particular an energy storage device, is present that can be charged without contact. Additionally or alternatively, the light source and/or the detector can be controlled without contact, for example via Ethernet, Bluetooth or the like. The image data recorded by the detector can also be advantageously read out without contact and transferred to an external storage device, for example.
  • the optical fibers used advantageously allow the coupling-out and coupling-in areas to be spatially separated from the light source and/or the detector.
  • the coupling-out and coupling-in areas can be placed in an organ and only require a small amount of space, while the light source and detector are arranged at a distance, for example in the subcutaneous fat tissue.
  • the latter also supports the contactless energy supply, control and/or data transmission described above.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be used as an implant.
  • One use of the device that is considered particularly advantageous is to use it in a method for monitoring surgical fields, in particular resection cavities, of human or animal bodies.
  • the network formed by the illumination light guides can advantageously grow into the tissue to be observed and can even serve as a supporting structure for new cell growth.
  • the light guides, whether they are the illumination light guides or the detection light guides, can also be loaded with radioactive particles and/or medications, for example, in order to achieve a desired effect on the cells or tissue directly on site.
  • the light source can be controlled in such a way that, depending on the acquired image data and their analysis, the wavelength and/or the intensity of the illumination radiation is adjusted in order to produce desired effects in the observed biological structure.
  • a positive effect of the device according to the invention can also be the support of other imaging methods.
  • the light guides can Increase contrast or orientation during imaging using other techniques.
  • the device according to the invention can be used in a method for optically recording data of a biological structure.
  • the method comprises the steps of providing an illumination radiation of at least one wavelength and guiding the illumination radiation to a sample location using a bundle of optical fibers serving as illumination light guides, wherein the guiding takes place essentially as a result of total reflection at a cross-section and as a result of a sheath of a respective optical fiber.
  • the illumination radiation is emitted to the sample location along an output region of the illumination light guide, wherein the illumination is undirected, i.e. diffuse.
  • a detection radiation caused by the effect of the illumination radiation is then detected by coupling it into the light guide at a coupling area of the respective illumination light guide and feeding it to a detector as detection radiation.
  • the detection radiation can be a tissue-specific reaction to the illumination radiation used. It is known that a number of endogenous compounds exist in biological tissues that can be excited to autofluorescence with a suitable wavelength and intensity of illumination radiation. The emitted fluorescence radiation can reach the detection light guides via the respective coupling areas and can be detected as a result.
  • the detection radiation can be evaluated with regard to its spectral composition and/or the recorded intensities of selected wavelengths.
  • the threshold values can, for example, be determined in advance experimentally or by means of a suitable simulation.
  • spatial localization of the origin of a signal indicating a tumor can be dispensed with.
  • the mere presence of such a signal can be used as a reason to carry out subsequent examinations.
  • hyperspectral imaging can also be used as an analysis technique for the purpose of evaluating the light signals or the detection radiation.
  • HSU hyperspectral imaging
  • hundreds of images with different wavelengths are recorded for the same spatial area.
  • the collected data form a so-called hyperspectral cube, in which two dimensions represent the spatial extent of the scene and the third its spectral content. Since each tissue area has a specific spectral signature, this can be used as a "fingerprint" for its unique identification.
  • the main advantage of hyperspectral imaging in the present invention is its unobtrusive, label-free and non-destructive ability to recognize different components of tissue or to distinguish between different biological structures.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used particularly advantageously in the field of inflammation management.
  • the device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in conjunction with the implant introduced into the human or animal body for the detection of inflammatory reactions, biofouling, macrophages and fibroblasts of post-operative tissue structures.
  • the detection of the tissue structures surrounding or contacting the implant can take place automatically in predefined time intervals or can be initiated.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention with a design of the coupling-out regions in the form of a loop;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention with a design of the coupling-out regions as a regular planar network;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a device according to the invention with a design of the coupling-out regions as a first regular spatial structure;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic detailed representation of a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention with a design of the coupling-out regions as a second regular spatial structure
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic detailed representation of a fifth embodiment of the device according to the invention with a design of the coupling-out regions as an irregular spatial network
  • Fig. 6 is a representation of a use of the device according to the invention according to the second embodiment as an implant in a method for optically recording data of a biological structure
  • Fig. 7 is a representation of a use of the device according to the invention according to a further embodiment as an implant in a method for the optical acquisition of data of a biological structure.
  • a device 1 has, as essential technical elements, a light source 2 for providing an illumination radiation BS of at least one wavelength, a detector 3 for detecting a detection radiation DS and a plurality of optical light guides 5 (Fig. 1). Starting from the light source 2, these are designed as illumination light guides 5.1 for guiding an illumination radiation BS to a sample location 9.
  • the illumination light guides 5.1 have a coupling-out region 7 over a section of their length, which is designed to emit the illumination radiation BS to the sample location 9.
  • the light guides 5 are implemented after the coupling-out region 7 as optical detection light guides 5.2, which serve to guide a detection radiation DS preferably detected at the sample location 9.
  • the guiding of the illumination radiation BS in the illumination light guide 5.1 and the detection radiation DS in the at least one detection light guide 5.2 takes place essentially as a result of total reflection on a wall of the light guide 5.
  • the total reflection is caused by the cross section of the light guide 5 and the refractive power of a sheath of the respective light guide 5.
  • the coupling-out region 7, which serves as the emission region of the illumination radiation BS, causes a diffuse emission of the illumination radiation BS to the environment (symbolized in the figures by thin arrows without reference symbols).
  • a coupling-in region 8 over the extent of which a detection radiation DS coming from the environment, for example from the sample location 9, is fed into the Light guide 5 can be coupled in.
  • the detection radiation DS that thus reaches the detection light guide 5.2 is guided to the detector 3 and detected there.
  • the light source 2 and/or the detector 3 are connected to an energy storage device 4, in particular a battery or a rechargeable accumulator, in a manner suitable for the transmission of electrical energy.
  • Light source 2, detector 3 and energy storage 4 are advantageously surrounded by a housing.
  • the illumination light guides 5.1 are guided as a bundle. They are separated and laid in a loop over the coupling-out area 7 and the coupling-in area 8. In this way, a large surface is available for the emission of the illumination radiation BS and the coupling-in of the detection radiation DS.
  • the individual detection light guides 5.2 are again guided as a bundle, which serves to increase the stability of the light guides 5 and reduce signal loss.
  • the coupling-out regions 7 and the coupling-in regions 8 of the light guides 5 form a regular planar network (Fig. 2).
  • Such an embodiment is suitable, for example, for optically capturing data from a narrow but extensive sample location 9, for example a pocket or fold of a biological structure.
  • the output coupling areas 7 and the input coupling areas 8 can be designed as a regular spatial structure.
  • the individual light guides 5, or smaller bundles of these can be arranged around a base body 6 in this area. Depending on the measurement task to be fulfilled by the device 1, this can be a permanent component of the device 1.
  • the base body 6 can also be used for the regular, but in any case a predetermined, arrangement of the light guides 5 along their output coupling and input coupling areas 7, 8 and for their stabilization during positioning of the device 1. After positioning has been carried out, the base body 6 can be removed so that only the light guides 5 remain at the sample location 9.
  • the base body 6 is used for shaping during the production of the spatial structure and is removed again after the spatial structure has been completed.
  • the actual structure which is to be used as an implant, is used, for example, as a hollow oval or in the form of a hollow net ball.
  • the base body 6 can also consist of a flexible material and, for example, be deformed during positioning in order to achieve a smaller cross-section and thus easier positioning.
  • the detector 3 can be designed as a spatially resolving detector 3, for example in the form of a CCD, CMOS or an array of individual detectors, e.g. photodiodes.
  • Each detection light guide 5.2 ending at the detector 3 is precisely and exclusively assigned to a detector element or certain detector elements (not shown). The information about the detector elements actually detecting detection radiation DS can thus be used for localization.
  • the coupling-out regions 7 and the coupling-in regions 8 are designed as an irregular spatial network (Fig. 5).
  • positioning can be carried out particularly easily and a large surface area of the light guides 5 is achieved, which supports uniform diffuse illumination and efficient detection of the detection radiation DS.
  • the coupling-out regions 7 and the coupling-in regions 8 of each optical fiber 5 can follow one another. Such a design has advantages if the origin of the detected detection radiation DS is to be localized.
  • decoupling regions 7 it is also possible for the decoupling regions 7 to simultaneously function as coupling regions 8.
  • a use of the device 1 according to the invention according to the third embodiment (see Fig. 3) as an implant in a method for optically recording data of a biological structure is shown.
  • the Device 1 is implanted in the body of a patient, with the coupling-out and coupling-in areas 7, 8 being arranged in a resection cavity in the patient's brain.
  • a detection radiation DS can be caused and detected at the sample location 9.
  • the recorded data can be transmitted instantaneously without contact to a device located outside the body.
  • the detector 3 can have a readable data memory. These can, for example, be read out and forwarded block by block by the receiving unit 1 0 (indicated by an arrow).
  • the receiving unit 10 can also transmit control commands to the device 1 and/or serve for the contactless charging of the energy storage device 4 (see Fig. 1 to 3).
  • a plug 1 1 that can be contacted from extracorporeally is present. If a plug connection is established with an external receiving unit 1 0 by means of this, a transmission of data and control commands and a charging of the energy storage device 4 can take place in this way.
  • a further possible embodiment consists in using the plug 11 when required and via it to supply the illumination radiation BS to the light guides 5 from an external light source 2 and/or to direct a detection radiation DS to a detector 3 which is also arranged externally.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) pour capturer optiquement des données relatives à une structure biologique, comprenant : une source de lumière (2) pour fournir un rayonnement d'éclairage (BS) d'au moins une longueur d'onde et une pluralité de guides d'ondes optiques (5) en tant que guides d'ondes d'éclairage (5.1) pour guider le rayonnement d'éclairage (BS) au moyen d'une réflexion totale vers un emplacement d'échantillon (9) et pour émettre le rayonnement d'éclairage (BS) au niveau de l'emplacement d'échantillon (9). De plus, l'invention concerne au moins un guide d'ondes de détection optique (5.2), pour guider un rayonnement de détection (DS) émis au niveau de l'emplacement d'échantillon (9), ainsi qu'un détecteur (3), pour détecter le rayonnement de détection (DS). Le dispositif (1) est caractérisé en ce que les guides d'ondes d'éclairage (5.1) comprennent chacun une région de découplage (7) qui est étendue à l'intérieur d'une partie de la longueur du guide d'ondes d'éclairage particulier (5.1), par l'intermédiaire de laquelle le rayonnement d'éclairage (BS) peut être couplé au moins en partie à partir du guide d'ondes d'éclairage (5.1) et peut être émis de manière diffuse au niveau de l'emplacement d'échantillon (9). L'invention concerne également un procédé de capture optique de données relatives à une structure biologique.
PCT/EP2023/080464 2022-11-03 2023-11-01 Dispositif et procédé de capture optique de données relatives à une structure biologique Ceased WO2024094749A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23801704.0A EP4611609A1 (fr) 2022-11-03 2023-11-01 Dispositif et procédé de capture optique de données relatives à une structure biologique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022129080.8A DE102022129080A1 (de) 2022-11-03 2022-11-03 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur optischen Erfassung von Daten einer biologischen Struktur
DE102022129080.8 2022-11-03

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Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998038907A1 (fr) 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Instrument d'analyse a balayage optique de tissu vivant
US20030100836A1 (en) * 2001-11-29 2003-05-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Optical probe with reference fiber
US20090131931A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Lee James K Catheter with omni-directional optical tip having isolated optical paths
US20100228124A1 (en) 2009-03-08 2010-09-09 Jeffrey Brennan Medical and veterinary imaging and diagnostic procedures utilizing optical probe systems
US20110085721A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Ene. Alt. Method and device for diffuse excitation in imaging
US20190328234A1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2019-10-31 University Of Washington System and method for ranking bacterial activity leading to tooth and gum disease
WO2021050843A1 (fr) 2019-09-13 2021-03-18 The Johns Hopkins University Dispositifs d'implant crânien, systèmes et procédés associés

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017122756A1 (de) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Schott Ag Beleuchtungssystem mit einem Lichtleiter mit Diffusor-Element

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998038907A1 (fr) 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Instrument d'analyse a balayage optique de tissu vivant
US20030100836A1 (en) * 2001-11-29 2003-05-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Optical probe with reference fiber
US20090131931A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-21 Lee James K Catheter with omni-directional optical tip having isolated optical paths
US20100228124A1 (en) 2009-03-08 2010-09-09 Jeffrey Brennan Medical and veterinary imaging and diagnostic procedures utilizing optical probe systems
US20110085721A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Ene. Alt. Method and device for diffuse excitation in imaging
US20190328234A1 (en) * 2016-10-28 2019-10-31 University Of Washington System and method for ranking bacterial activity leading to tooth and gum disease
WO2021050843A1 (fr) 2019-09-13 2021-03-18 The Johns Hopkins University Dispositifs d'implant crânien, systèmes et procédés associés

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
UTZINGER U ET AL: "Fiber optic probes for biomedical optical spectroscopy", JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS, SPIE, 1000 20TH ST. BELLINGHAM WA 98225-6705 USA, vol. 8, no. 1, 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01), pages 121 - 147, XP003001706, ISSN: 1083-3668, DOI: 10.1117/1.1528207 *

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EP4611609A1 (fr) 2025-09-10

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