WO2024079420A1 - Vitrage electrochrome - Google Patents
Vitrage electrochrome Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024079420A1 WO2024079420A1 PCT/FR2023/051573 FR2023051573W WO2024079420A1 WO 2024079420 A1 WO2024079420 A1 WO 2024079420A1 FR 2023051573 W FR2023051573 W FR 2023051573W WO 2024079420 A1 WO2024079420 A1 WO 2024079420A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3668—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties
- C03C17/3671—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties specially adapted for use as electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
- C03C2217/944—Layers comprising zinc oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
- C03C2217/948—Layers comprising indium tin oxide [ITO]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electrochromic (EC) glazing.
- the invention relates to an electroconductive coating for an electrochromic device comprising a silver-based metallic functional layer having improved electrochemical properties.
- Electrochromic devices and in particular electrochromic glazing are systems capable of modulating their optical response, in the visible or in the infrared, under the action of an electrical voltage, thus making it possible to easily obtain electrically controlled coatings. adjustable.
- the electrochromic devices comprise in a known manner an electrochromic system comprising a succession of at least five layered elements essential for the operation of the device, that is to say for the reversible color change following the application of an appropriate electrical power supply. .
- These five layered elements are:
- At least one active layer is based on an electrochromic material.
- These five layered elements are generally in contact with one or two transparent substrate(s).
- Electrochromic systems come in three categories:
- all-solid electrochromic systems all layers are made of inorganic solid materials. These systems may comprise a single substrate. Examples of all-solid EC systems are described in patent applications EP-867,752, EP-831,360, WO 00/57243 and WO 00/71777.
- Hybrid electrochromic systems include inorganic active layers that surround an electrolyte layer based on an ionic conductive polymer. These systems traditionally include two substrates framing the electrochromic system. Examples of hybrid EC systems are described in patent applications EP-382,623, EP-518,754 and EP-532,408.
- the active layers and the electrolyte layer are polymer-based.
- the phenomenon of coloring/discoloration in the visible range or modifications of optical properties more generally results from a transfer of charge (ions/electrons) between the two active layers.
- An active layer based on an electrochromic material is able to reversibly insert ions. When the ions migrate towards this layer, the optical properties of the latter change and it goes reversibly from a discolored state to a colored state.
- the other active layer can also be based on an electrochromic material.
- Inorganic electrochromic materials are overwhelmingly transition metal oxides, grouped into two families: cathodic-colored oxides, such as tungsten oxide WO 3 , which exhibit coloring in the reduced state, and coloring oxides. anodic, such as iridium oxide (IrOx) and nickel oxide (NIOx), which are colored in the oxidized state. Pairs of cathodic and anodic electrochromic materials are generally chosen, with for example a cathode material which becomes colored in the inserted state in association with an anodic material, discolored in the inserted state.
- the electrolyte layer must have good ionic conductivity and be electronic insulating.
- the electrolytes of the electrochromic system ensure the passage of mobile ions into their range of electrochemical stability.
- monovalent ions such as H+, Li-»-, Na+, K+, Ag+, divalent ions such as Zn 2+ and trivalent ions such as Al 3+ can be used.
- Lithium, alkaline or hydrogen salts are particularly suitable.
- the voltage ranges allowing the best contrast between colored state and discolored state to be obtained can be determined by voltammetry.
- the study of current density variations is significant for the electrochemical behavior of materials.
- electrochromic device comprising an active layer with cathodic coloring based on tungsten oxide and an electrolyte layer comprising lithium ions, we observe a colored state at 2.3 V and a discolored state at 3.2 V (vs Li/Li+).
- the Oxidation potential associated with de-insertion of lithium ions is approximately 4 V while the decolorization voltage can be adjusted by doping the nickel oxide between 1 V and 2.5 V.
- the voltage range between a less transparent state to a more transparent state is between 2V and 4V vs Li/Li-»-.
- voltage stability range of a material we mean the range of potential to which a material can be exposed without it undergoing an oxidation or reduction reaction.
- electroconductive coatings are exposed to the electrochemical potentials of the active materials with which they are in contact. This means that the electroconductive coatings of the electrochromic device must be stable in the 2V to 4V potential window, or even from 1V to 4V vs Li/Li+. Electroconductive coatings must therefore have a range of electrochemical stability relative to the Li+/Li couple, preferably between 1V and 4V. The constituent materials of these conductive coatings must not undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction in this voltage range.
- Electroconductive coatings include conductive functional layers based on transparent conductive oxide such as layers of indium and tin or layers of tin doped with fluorine or metallic functional layers in particular based on silver.
- Electroconductive coatings based on a conductive oxide layer although they exhibit excellent electrochemical stability, do not exhibit sufficient conductive properties at high light transmission (>80%). This results in inhomogeneous switching and/or a switching speed that decreases as the area of the EC system increases.
- additional processing steps such as quenching or bending steps are sometimes necessary. These additional steps are likely to alter conductive oxide-based coatings. In fact, these coatings must be thick to make it possible to obtain the desired resistivity values. However, these thick coatings are sensitive to cracking during heat treatment.
- Conductive coatings comprising a silver-based metallic functional layer exhibit superior electrical conductivity and high transparency.
- the low electrochemical stability of the silver functional layer limits the use of this type of conductive coatings in electrochromic devices.
- Silver-based conductive coatings notably undergo oxidation-reduction reactions with respect to the Li/Li+ couple in the 1V-4V range. At low potential, these reactions result in a reduction of the Ag material for a silver-based layer, the formation of a metallic alloy (such as LiAg), or the production of reduced gas (dihydrogen). At high potential, these reactions lead to oxidation of the Ag-i- material, the formation of oxide (AgO) and/or the production of oxidized gas (dioxygen). In the context of high potential reactions, we can also speak of “corrosion” of materials.
- Cyclic voltammograms were carried out in order to determine the voltage stability range of these electroconductive coatings using an assembly based on three electrodes with a metallic lithium counter electrode, a metallic lithium reference electrode and a working electrode. including the electroconductive coating to be tested.
- the electrolyte is composed of a LiCIO4/PC solution.
- the working electrode comprises a 2 mm glass substrate covered with a known silver-based electroconductive coating comprising, starting from the substrate, the sequence (SiN/SnZnO/ZnO doped Al/Ag).
- the voltammogram was performed in the potential window of 2 to 4 V relative to LI/LÎ+- at a scan rate of 2 mV/s.
- the present invention relates to an electroconductive coating comprising a silver-based metallic functional layer having improved electrochemical stability.
- the coating of the invention is particularly suitable for use in electrochromic devices.
- the invention relates to a material comprising a substrate coated with a first conductive coating comprising, starting from the substrate:
- a blocking layer located above and immediately in contact with a functional metallic layer based on silver, chosen from the metallic layers of one or more elements chosen from nickel and chromium such as Ni, Cr, NiCr , and the metal nitride layers of one or more elements chosen from titanium, nickel, chromium such as NiN, CrN, NiCrN, TiN,
- a second dielectric coating comprising at least one conductive oxide layer whose sum of the thicknesses of the conductive oxide layers is greater than 40 nm, preferably 50 nm.
- the invention makes it possible to increase the stability range of the silver-based electroconductive coating above 3.7 V compared to LI/LI+.
- the invention also relates to a conductive coating comprising a metallic functional layer based on silver, preferably transparent, electrochemically stable in the potential window of 2 to 4 V relative to Li/Li +.
- the conductive coating includes:
- a blocking layer located above and immediately in contact with a functional metallic layer based on silver, chosen from the metallic layers of one or more elements chosen from nickel and chromium such as Ni, Cr, NiCr , and the metal nitride layers of one or more elements chosen from titanium, nickel, chromium such as NiN, CrN, NiCrN, TiN.
- the invention also relates to a material having the following characteristic(s):
- the blocking layer has a thickness of between 0.1 and 5.0 nm
- the blocking layer is chosen from a layer of titanium nitride, metal layers based on nickel and/or chromium,
- the blocking layer is chosen from the nickel-based metal layers comprising at least 20% by mass of nickel relative to the mass of the nickel-based metal layer,
- the second dielectric coating comprises a layer of conductive oxide chosen from mixed oxide of tin and indium or zinc oxide doped with aluminum and/or gallium,
- the second dielectric coating comprises a layer of conductive oxide based on zinc oxide doped with aluminum with a thickness greater than 50 nm
- the first dielectric coating comprises at least one crystallized dielectric layer, in particular based on zinc oxide, optionally doped with at least one other element, such as aluminum,
- the first dielectric coating comprises a layer based on aluminum silicon nitride or oxynitride and/or zirconium, and/or a layer based on zinc and tin oxide,
- the substrate is made of glass, in particular silico-soda-lime or polymeric organic material,
- the material further comprises a first active layer comprising an electrochromic material located in contact with the electroconductive coating,
- the material further comprises an electrolyte layer located in contact with the first active layer comprising an electrochromic material, preferably the electrolyte is an electrolyte with lithium ion conduction,
- the material further comprises a second active layer located in contact with the electrolyte layer,
- the material further comprises a second electroconductive coating located in contact with the electrolyte layer.
- the invention also relates to an electrochromic system comprising:
- the electrochromic material of the active layers may be based on mineral material such as tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, iridium oxide, cerium oxide or organic material such as electronically conductive polymers such as polyaniline or (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) (PEDOT) or Prussian blue. These materials can insert cations, including protons or lithium ions.
- the electrochromic material of the first active layer may be based on an oxide of an element chosen from tungsten, nickel, iridium, chromium, iron, cobalt, rhodium, or based on an mixed oxide of at least two of these elements, in particular mixed oxide of nickel and tungsten. It is preferably based on tungsten oxide.
- the electrochromic material of the second active layer or counter electrode is preferably based on an oxide of an element chosen from tungsten, nickel, iridium, chromium, iron, cobalt, rhodium, or based on a mixed oxide of at least two of these elements, in particular the mixed oxide of nickel and tungsten. It is preferably based on nickel oxide or iridium oxide (anodic electrochromic material).
- the electrochromic material of the first active layer is tungsten oxide, therefore a cathodic electrochromic material, whose colored state corresponds to the most reduced state
- an anodic electrochromic material based on nickel oxide or Iridium can for example be used for the counter electrode. It may in particular be a layer of mixed oxide of vanadium and tungsten or of mixed oxide of nickel and tungsten.
- the thickness of the active layers is generally between 50 nm and 600 nm, in particular between 150 nm and 250 nm.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer can be between 1 nm and 1 mm.
- the electrolyte layer is made of inorganic material, its thickness is preferably between 1 and 300 nm, between 1 and 50 nm or between 1 and 10 nm.
- the electrolyte layer is made of polymeric material, its thickness is preferably between 100 and 800 pm or between 100 and 500 pm.
- the two electroconductive coatings must be connected to respective current supply connectors. These connectors, for example bus bar and wires, are respectively brought into contact with the transparent conductive coatings to provide the appropriate electrical power.
- the invention also relates to an electrochromic system comprising two substrates held together by means of a chassis or frame.
- the substrate according to the invention is considered laid horizontally.
- the electroconductive coating is deposited on top of the substrate.
- the meaning of the expressions “above” and “below” and “lower” and “superior” must be considered in relation to this orientation. In the absence of specific stipulation, the expressions “above” and “below” do not necessarily mean that two layers and/or coatings are placed in contact with each other. When it is specified that a layer is deposited “in contact” with another layer or a coating, this means that it cannot be have one (or more) layer(s) interposed between these two layers (or layer and coating).
- the electroconductive coating is deposited by cathodic sputtering assisted by a magnetic field (magnetron process). According to this advantageous embodiment, all the layers of the coating are deposited by cathodic sputtering assisted by a magnetic field.
- the thicknesses mentioned in this document are physical thicknesses.
- the present invention is suitable in the case of single functional layer coating based on silver.
- the solution of the invention is also suitable in the case of coating with several functional layers based on silver, in particular with two or three functional layers.
- the coating includes at least one or only one functional silver-based metal layer.
- the functional metal layer based on silver, before or after heat treatment comprises at least 95.0%, preferably at least 96.5% and better still at least 98.0% by mass of silver relative to the mass of the functional layer.
- the functional metal layer based on silver before heat treatment comprises less than 1.0% by mass of metals other than silver relative to the mass of the functional metal layer based on silver.
- metal layer means a layer comprising not more than 30%, 20% or 10% of oxygen and/or nitrogen in atomic percentage in the layer.
- blocking layers is to improve the electrochemical properties of the silver layers.
- these blocking layers When these blocking layers are deposited in metallic or nitrided form, these layers can undergo partial or total oxidation depending on their thickness and the nature of the layers which surround them, for example, at the time of deposition of the next layer or by oxidation on contact of the underlying layer.
- the blocking layers are metallic layers based on nickel.
- the nickel-based metal blocking layers may comprise, (before heat treatment), at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% by mass of nickel relative to the mass of the nickel-based metal layer.
- the nickel-based metal layers can be chosen from:
- the metal layers based on nickel alloy can be based on nickel and chromium alloy.
- the blocking layers can also advantageously be layers of titanium nitride.
- Each blocking layer has a thickness between 0.1 and 5.0 nm.
- the thickness of these blocking layers can be:
- the electroconductive coating comprises at least one functional layer and at least two dielectric coatings comprising at least one dielectric layer, such that each functional layer is arranged between two dielectric coatings.
- dielectric coating within the meaning of the present invention, it should be understood that there can be a single layer or several layers of different materials inside the coating.
- a “dielectric coating” according to the invention mainly comprises dielectric layers. However, according to the invention these coatings can also include layers of other nature, in particular absorbent layers, for example metallic.
- the “same” dielectric coating is located: between the substrate and the first functional layer, between each functional silver-based metal layer, above the last functional layer (the one farthest from the substrate).
- dielectric layer within the meaning of the present invention, it must be understood that from the point of view of its nature, the material is “non-metallic”, that is to say it is not a metal.
- this term designates a material having an n/k ratio over the entire visible wavelength range (from 380 nm to 780 nm) equal to or greater than 5.
- n designates the index of real refraction of the material at a given wavelength and k represents the imaginary part of the refractive index at a given wavelength; the ratio n/k being calculated at a given wavelength which is identical for n and for k.
- the thickness of a dielectric coating corresponds to the sum of the thicknesses of the layers constituting it.
- the coatings have a thickness greater than 15 nm, preferably between 15 and 200 nm.
- the dielectric layers of the coatings have the following characteristics alone or in combination: they are deposited by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering, they are chosen from the oxides or nitrides of one or more elements chosen from titanium, silicon, aluminum, zirconium, tin, indium and zinc, they have a thickness greater than 2 nm, preferably between 2 and 100 nm.
- the dielectric coating located above the silver-based metallic functional layer must be sufficiently conductive so that the electroconductive coating retains its electrode function.
- the dielectric coating located above the silver-based metallic functional layer comprises at least one conductive oxide layer.
- the conductive oxide layers are chosen from mixed tin and indium oxide, indium oxide doped with tin (ITO “Indium Tin Oxide”), doped zinc oxide such as zinc oxide doped in particular with aluminum (AZO) and/or gallium, doped ruthenium oxide and tin oxide doped with fluorine (SnO2:F).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- zinc oxide doped with aluminum and/or gallium is preferably used.
- the sum of the thicknesses of all conductive oxide layers located in the dielectric coating directly above the silver-based functional layer is greater than 50 nm or greater than 60 nm.
- the sum of the thicknesses of all conductive oxide layers located in the dielectric coating directly above the silver-based functional layer is less than 150 nm, less than 100 nm, or less than 80 nm.
- the dielectric coating located directly above the silver-based functional layer comprises at least one conductive oxide layer with a thickness greater than 50 nm or 60 nm.
- the dielectric coating located directly above the functional layer based on silver comprises at least one layer of conductive oxide based on zinc oxide doped with aluminum with a thickness greater than 50 nm or 60 nm.
- a blocking layer according to the invention with a thick conductive oxide layer based on doped zinc oxide gives the best results in terms of electrochemical stability.
- the dielectric coating may comprise at least two layers, a layer of zinc oxide doped with aluminum and a layer of mixed tin and indium oxide (ITO).
- indium tin oxide or indium tin oxide doped with tin or ITO for the English name: Indium tin oxide
- Indium tin oxide is understood to mean a mixed oxide or a mixture obtained from oxides of indium (lll) (ln2O3) and tin (IV) (SnO2), preferably in mass proportions of between 70 and 95% for the first oxide and 5 to 20% for the second oxide.
- a typical mass proportion is approximately 90% by mass of ln2O3 to approximately 10% by mass of SnO2.
- the conductive oxide layers based on zinc oxide may comprise at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%. % by mass of zinc relative to the total mass of all the elements constituting the layer based on zinc oxide excluding oxygen and nitrogen.
- the layers based on zinc oxide are doped with at least one other element called a “doping element”.
- the layers based on zinc oxide can therefore comprise one or more doping elements chosen from aluminum, titanium, niobium, zirconium, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, silicon, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, platinum, indium, tin and hafnium, preferably aluminum.
- the conductive layers based on doped zinc oxide may include:
- the dielectric coating located below the silver-based metallic functional layer does not necessarily have to be conductive.
- it may comprise a crystallized layer also called a stabilizing or wetting layer.
- stabilizing layer is meant a layer of a material capable of stabilizing the interface with the functional layer. These layers are generally based on zinc oxide.
- the layers based on zinc oxide may comprise at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% by mass of zinc relative to the total mass of all the elements constituting the layer based on zinc oxide excluding oxygen and l 'nitrogen.
- the zinc oxide-based layers advantageously comprise at least 80%, or even at least 90% by mass of zinc relative to the total mass of all the elements constituting the base layer.
- zinc oxide excluding oxygen and nitrogen.
- the layers based on zinc oxide may comprise one or more elements chosen from aluminum, titanium, niobium, zirconium, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, silicon, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, platinum, indium, tin and hafnium, preferably aluminum.
- the layers based on zinc oxide can optionally be doped with at least one other element, such as aluminum.
- the zinc oxide-based layer comprises, in increasing order of preference, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 100%, by mass of oxygen relative to the total mass of oxygen and nitrogen.
- the dielectric coating located directly below the functional metal layer based on silver comprises at least one crystallized dielectric layer, in particular based on zinc oxide, optionally doped with at least one other element, such as aluminum.
- These layers of zinc oxide have a thickness:
- the dielectric coating located directly below the functional silver-based metal layer comprises at least one dielectric layer with a barrier function.
- dielectric layers with a barrier function (hereinafter barrier layer) is meant a layer of a material capable of acting as a barrier to the diffusion of oxygen and water at high temperature, coming from the ambient atmosphere or from the substrate. transparent, towards the functional layer.
- Such dielectric layers are chosen from the layers: based on silicon and/or aluminum and/or zirconium compounds chosen from oxides such as SiO2, nitrides such as silicon nitride Si3N4 and aluminum nitrides AIN, and SiOxNy oxynitrides, optionally doped with at least one other element, based on zinc and tin oxide, based on titanium oxide.
- the first dielectric coating comprises at least one dielectric layer based on: a nitride or an oxynitride of aluminum and/or silicon and/or zirconium or a mixed oxide of zinc and tin , or a titanium oxide.
- the first dielectric coating comprises:
- the layer based on zinc and tin oxide is located below, preferably in contact with, the layer based on zinc oxide.
- barrier function dielectric layers have, in order of increasing preference, a thickness: less than or equal to 40 nm, less than or equal to 30 nm, less than or equal to 25 nm, and/or greater than or equal to 5 nm, greater than or equal to 10 nm or greater than or equal to 15 nm.
- the substrate coated with the electroconductive coating or the coating only may not have undergone heat treatment.
- the present invention relates to the non-heat-treated material or the heat-treated material.
- the electroconductive coating may not have undergone heat treatment at a temperature above 500°C, preferably 300°C.
- the coating may have undergone heat treatment at a temperature above 300°C, preferably 500°C.
- the heat treatments are chosen from annealing, for example by rapid thermal annealing (“Rapid Thermal Process”) such as laser or flash lamp annealing, quenching and/or bending. Rapid thermal annealing is for example described in application W02008/096089.
- the heat treatment temperature (at the coating) is greater than 300°C, preferably greater than 400°C, and better still greater than 500°C.
- the substrate coated with the coating may be curved or tempered glass.
- the transparent substrates according to the invention are preferably made of a rigid mineral material, such as glass, or organic based on polymers (or polymer).
- the organic transparent substrates according to the invention can also be made of polymer, rigid or flexible.
- polymers suitable according to the invention include, in particular: polyethylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); polyacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); polycarbonates; polyurethanes; polyamides; polyimides; fluoropolymers such as fluoroesters such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene ethylene (ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers (FEP); photocrosslinkable and/or photopolymerizable resins, such as thiolene, polyurethane, urethane-acrylate, polyester-acrylate resins and polythiourethanes.
- PET polyethylene
- the substrate is preferably a sheet of glass or glass ceramic.
- the substrate is preferably transparent, colorless (it is then a clear or extraclear glass) or colored, for example blue, gray or bronze.
- the glass is preferably of soda-lime-silico type, but it can also be of borosilicate or alumino-borosilicate type glass.
- the substrate is made of glass, in particular soda-lime-silico, or of polymeric organic material.
- the substrate advantageously has at least one dimension greater than or equal to 1 m, or even 2 m and even 3 m.
- the thickness of the substrate generally varies between 0.05 mm and 19 mm.
- the substrate is mineral, its thickness is preferably between 0.7 and 9 mm, in particular between 2 and 8 mm, or even between 4 and 6 mm.
- the substrate can be flat or curved, or even flexible.
- the substrate is organic, its thickness is preferably between 1 and 2 mm.
- Electroconductive coatings were deposited by sputtering onto a transparent glass substrate.
- the glass substrates are 2.1mm aluminosilicate type glass substrates.
- the functional layers (F) are metallic layers based on silver.
- Dielectric coatings include:
- the blocking layers are chosen from layers of titanium, titanium nitride, nickel and chromium, zinc.
- Table 2 lists the materials of each layer or coating which constitutes the coatings according to their position with respect to the substrate carrying the stack (last line at the bottom of the table).
- the first dielectric coatings include a SiN/SnZnO/ZnO sequence to prevent the diffusion of chemical species from the substrate and reduce surface roughness and optimize the quality of the silver.
- the coatings have not undergone high temperature heat treatment.
- the figures represent voltammetric cycles carried out from an assembly based on three electrodes with a metallic lithium counter electrode, a metallic lithium reference electrode and a working electrode comprising the different electroconductive coatings.
- the electrolyte is composed of a LiCIO4/PC solution. Voltammograms are performed in the potential window of 2 to 4 V relative to Li/Li+ at a scan rate of 2 mV/s.
- Electroconductive coatings Rev. 1, Rev. 2 and Rev. 3 differ by the choice of the layer(s) of conductive oxides constituting the upper dielectric coating.
- the electroconductive coating of the invention preferably comprises at least one layer of zinc oxide doped with aluminum having a thickness greater than 40 nm or greater than 50 nm.
- Rev.4 and Rev 5 differ from rev.3 due to the nature of the blocking layer (TiN and NiCr versus Ti respectively).
- Figure 2 presents the voltammogram cycles of these 3 coatings in the absence of heat treatment.
- NiCr and TiN layers act effectively as a shield against any degradation of the silver layer which may occur during deposition of a subsequent layer (sputter deposition), high temperature annealing and/or subsequent electrochemical reaction.
- Rev.6, and Rev 7 and Rev.1 differ by the nature of the blocking layer (respectively NiCr, Zn and Ti).
- Figure 3 shows the voltammogram cycles of these 3 coatings. No heat treatment was carried out.
- Rev.6 according to the invention has good electrochemical stability. We observe only a very small increase in current above 3.4 V and no redox peak.
- the invention allows the silver-based coating to be used in a high contrast electrochromic device operating in the 2-4V vs Li/Li+ range.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380072242.9A CN120019324A (zh) | 2022-10-13 | 2023-10-10 | 电致变色装配玻璃 |
| JP2025521040A JP2025533230A (ja) | 2022-10-13 | 2023-10-10 | エレクトロクロミックグレージング |
| EP23793449.2A EP4602435A1 (fr) | 2022-10-13 | 2023-10-10 | Vitrage electrochrome |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2210517A FR3140955B1 (fr) | 2022-10-13 | 2022-10-13 | Vitrage electrochrome |
| FRFR2210517 | 2022-10-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024079420A1 true WO2024079420A1 (fr) | 2024-04-18 |
Family
ID=85278622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2023/051573 Ceased WO2024079420A1 (fr) | 2022-10-13 | 2023-10-10 | Vitrage electrochrome |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4602435A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025533230A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120019324A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3140955B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024079420A1 (fr) |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0382623A1 (fr) | 1989-02-09 | 1990-08-16 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Matériau colloide conducteur de cations alcalins et applications à titre d'électrolytes |
| EP0518754A1 (fr) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-16 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Matériau solide conducteur ionique, à partir d'un polymère et d'un sel de cation alcalin, application comme électrolyte |
| EP0532408A1 (fr) | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-17 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Polymère conducteur protonique, application en tant qu'électrolyte dans des dispositifs électrochimiques |
| EP0831360A1 (fr) | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-25 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Dispositif électrochimique |
| EP0867752A1 (fr) | 1996-03-27 | 1998-09-30 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Dispositif électrochimique |
| WO2000057243A1 (fr) | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-28 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif electrochimique, du type systeme electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables |
| WO2000071777A1 (fr) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-30 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif electrochimique |
| US20070206263A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-06 | Neuman George A | Electro-Optical Element Including IMI Coatings |
| WO2008096089A2 (fr) | 2007-01-05 | 2008-08-14 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede de depot de couche mince et produit obtenu |
| US20100079844A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Kurman Eric W | Resonant cavity electrochromic device |
| US20140332795A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-11-13 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent anode for an oled |
| WO2021229164A1 (fr) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Matériau bas émissif comprenant un revêtement intermédiaire comprenant deux couches comprenant du silicium différentes |
-
2022
- 2022-10-13 FR FR2210517A patent/FR3140955B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-10-10 WO PCT/FR2023/051573 patent/WO2024079420A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-10 EP EP23793449.2A patent/EP4602435A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-10-10 JP JP2025521040A patent/JP2025533230A/ja active Pending
- 2023-10-10 CN CN202380072242.9A patent/CN120019324A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0382623A1 (fr) | 1989-02-09 | 1990-08-16 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Matériau colloide conducteur de cations alcalins et applications à titre d'électrolytes |
| EP0518754A1 (fr) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-16 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Matériau solide conducteur ionique, à partir d'un polymère et d'un sel de cation alcalin, application comme électrolyte |
| EP0532408A1 (fr) | 1991-09-13 | 1993-03-17 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Polymère conducteur protonique, application en tant qu'électrolyte dans des dispositifs électrochimiques |
| EP0867752A1 (fr) | 1996-03-27 | 1998-09-30 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Dispositif électrochimique |
| EP0831360A1 (fr) | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-25 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Dispositif électrochimique |
| WO2000057243A1 (fr) | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-28 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif electrochimique, du type systeme electrocommandable a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques variables |
| WO2000071777A1 (fr) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-30 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif electrochimique |
| US20070206263A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-06 | Neuman George A | Electro-Optical Element Including IMI Coatings |
| WO2008096089A2 (fr) | 2007-01-05 | 2008-08-14 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede de depot de couche mince et produit obtenu |
| US20100079844A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Kurman Eric W | Resonant cavity electrochromic device |
| US20140332795A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-11-13 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Transparent anode for an oled |
| WO2021229164A1 (fr) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Matériau bas émissif comprenant un revêtement intermédiaire comprenant deux couches comprenant du silicium différentes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025533230A (ja) | 2025-10-03 |
| FR3140955B1 (fr) | 2024-10-18 |
| EP4602435A1 (fr) | 2025-08-20 |
| CN120019324A (zh) | 2025-05-16 |
| FR3140955A1 (fr) | 2024-04-19 |
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