WO2024071367A1 - 有用物質効果増強用組成物 - Google Patents
有用物質効果増強用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024071367A1 WO2024071367A1 PCT/JP2023/035582 JP2023035582W WO2024071367A1 WO 2024071367 A1 WO2024071367 A1 WO 2024071367A1 JP 2023035582 W JP2023035582 W JP 2023035582W WO 2024071367 A1 WO2024071367 A1 WO 2024071367A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a composition for enhancing the effects of useful substances.
- a widely used method for applying useful ingredients involved in plant growth to plants is to spray a composition containing the useful ingredients onto the foliage.
- Application other than to the foliage, for example application to soil, water or seeds, is also known, but foliar spraying has the advantage that the useful ingredients are quickly absorbed by the above-ground parts.
- the useful ingredients need to pass through the membrane on the leaf surface, but the membrane permeability of the useful ingredients is not always high. Therefore, attempts have been made to increase the membrane permeability of the useful ingredients.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an agricultural and horticultural fungicide composition containing as active ingredients prumycin, a drug known to be effective against gray mold, sclerotinia rot, powdery mildew, etc., and surfactins, which are known to have surface-active properties. It has been reported that the use of prumycin simultaneously with surfactin enhances the prumycin's effectiveness in controlling various pathogenic bacteria.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that, for a bactericidal compound that cannot pass through the cell membrane of bacteria, liposomes based on rhamnolipid, a type of biosurfactant, were produced and used in combination with the bactericidal compound, which could significantly inhibit bacterial growth.
- the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a composition that, when used in combination with a useful substance, allows the useful substance to be efficiently absorbed by plants and enhances its effects.
- a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance in a plant comprising at least one type of biosurfactant selected from a peptide-type biosurfactant and a sugar-type biosurfactant, and a phospholipid.
- biosurfactant is at least one biosurfactant selected from surfactin, rhamnolipid, sophorolipid, and salts thereof.
- a precursor composition of a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance for preparing the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance according to any one of [1] to [8] by dilution or mixing.
- the precursor composition according to [10] wherein the biosurfactant is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 50 mass% based on 100 mass% of the precursor composition.
- This specification includes the disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-158075, which is the priority basis of this application.
- composition for enhancing the effect of useful substances disclosed herein when used in combination with a useful substance, can enable the useful substance to be efficiently absorbed by plants and enhance its effect.
- the figure shows the absorption rate of GSSG in leaves to which each test solution of Test Example 1-1 was applied.
- the concentrations shown in the figure indicate the concentrations of the surfactants.
- the letters a to f in the figure indicate that there was a significant difference between the groups marked with different letters (Turkey test: p ⁇ 0.05).
- the figures show the absorption rate of GSSG in leaves to which each test solution of Test Example 1-2 was applied.
- the letters a to d in the figure indicate that there was a significant difference between the groups marked with different letters (Turkey test: p ⁇ 0.05).
- the figure shows the absorption rate of GSSG in leaves to which each test solution of Test Examples 1 to 3 was applied.
- the letters a to d in the figure indicate that there was a significant difference between the groups marked with different letters (Turkey test: p ⁇ 0.05).
- the SPAD values of the leaves sprayed with each test solution of Test Example 2-1 are shown.
- the percentage reduction in the SPAD value of the leaves sprayed with each test solution in Test Example 2-2 is shown.
- the SPAD value of the leaves sprayed with only PQ is set at 100, and the percentage reduction in the SPAD value of the leaves sprayed with each test solution is shown.
- composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance, which is characterized by comprising at least one biosurfactant selected from a peptide-type biosurfactant and a sugar-type biosurfactant, and a phospholipid.
- the composition for enhancing useful substances of this embodiment contains a biosurfactant and a phospholipid, and when applied to a plant together with a useful substance, the effect of the useful substance is enhanced more than when the biosurfactant or the phospholipid is applied alone. Therefore, the composition of this embodiment can exert the desired effect with a smaller amount of useful substance, and can further reduce the environmental burden caused by the use of the useful substance.
- the "plant” is not particularly limited, but is preferably a crop plant.
- crop plants include corn, wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, soybean, canola (rapeseed), cotton, sunflower, sugar beet, potato, tobacco, broccoli, lettuce, cabbage, spinach, komatsuna, cauliflower, coconut, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, melon, pumpkin, okra, pepper, watermelon, carrot, radish, onion, green onion, fruit tree, flower, grass, pasture, etc.
- the composition of the present embodiment includes a biosurfactant.
- the biosurfactant may be at least one type of biosurfactant selected from peptide-type biosurfactants and sugar-type biosurfactants.
- the composition of the present embodiment may include one type of biosurfactant alone or two or more types. Since the composition of the present embodiment includes a biosurfactant, it can promote the absorption of useful substances by providing the composition to plants, thereby enhancing the effect of the useful substances in plants. In addition, it is preferable to use a biosurfactant that is not derived from Wickerhamomyces anomalus yeast from the viewpoint of odor and food hygiene.
- Peptide-type biosurfactants are not particularly limited as long as they have a peptide structure and surface-active properties, and examples include lipopeptide biosurfactants.
- Lipopeptide biosurfactants have peptides containing a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic portion, exhibit surface-active properties, and are produced by microorganisms.
- lipopeptide biosurfactants include surfactin, arthrofactin, iturin, fengicin, serawettin, lykesin, viscosin, and salts thereof.
- peptide-type biosurfactant at least one peptide-type biosurfactant selected from surfactin and salts thereof is preferred, and at least one peptide-type biosurfactant selected from surfactin and salts thereof is more preferred.
- Surfactin and salts of surfactin can be represented by the following general formula (1).
- the surfactin and salts of surfactin one type or two or more types may be used.
- X represents an amino acid residue selected from leucine, isoleucine, and valine
- R represents an alkyl group having 9 to 18 carbon atoms
- each M + independently represents a hydrogen ion (H + ), an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion, or a pyridinium ion.
- M + is a hydrogen ion
- CO2- ( M + ) is a hydroxyl group (COOH group).
- M + is a hydrogen ion
- M + is a hydrogen ion
- at least one M + is an alkali metal ion, ammonium ion or pyridinium ion
- the general formula of surfactin is shown below as general formula (1').
- X is an amino acid residue selected from leucine, isoleucine and valine, but may be an L-amino acid residue or a D-amino acid residue, with an L-amino acid residue being preferred.
- R is an alkyl group having 9 to 18 carbon atoms, and is a linear or branched monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 9 to 18 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups having 9 to 18 carbon atoms include n-nonyl, 6-methyloctyl, 7-methyloctyl, n-decyl, 8-methylnonyl, n-undecyl, 9-methyldecyl, n-dodecyl, 10-methylundecyl, n-tridecyl, 11-methyldodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, and n-octadecyl, with 10-methylundecyl being preferred.
- Each M + is independently a hydrogen ion (H + ), an alkali metal ion, an ammonium ion, or a pyridinium ion.
- the alkali metal ion is not particularly limited, but may be a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, or the like.
- the ammonium ion is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, an ammonium ion represented by N(R 1 ) 4 + .
- Each R 1 independently represents hydrogen or an organic group. As the ammonium ion, a quaternary ammonium ion in which all R 1 are organic groups is one of the preferred embodiments.
- Examples of the organic group include an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, and an aryl group.
- the alkyl group include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl
- examples of the aralkyl group include aralkyl groups having 7 to 12 carbon atoms such as benzyl, methylbenzyl, and phenylethyl
- examples of the aryl group include aryl groups having 6 to 15 carbon atoms such as phenyl, toluyl, and xylyl.
- ammonium ion examples include, for example, a tetramethylammonium ion and a tetraethylammonium ion.
- pyridinium ion examples include, for example, a tetramethylammonium ion and a tetraethylammonium ion.
- the pyridinium ion are not particularly limited.
- the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom constituting the pyridine ring may be substituted with an organic group.
- the N + constituting the pyridine ring may be bonded to, for example, hydrogen or an organic group.
- the organic groups listed in the description of R1 can be appropriately used.
- the two M + present in the general formula (1) may be the same or different from each other.
- a part of M + is a hydrogen ion
- a part of M + is an alkali metal ion, which is one of the preferred aspects.
- the alkali metal ion is not particularly limited, but can be a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, or the like.
- the two M + present in the general formula (1) are two or more types of ions, when focusing on a certain molecule (salt), the two M + may be the same type of ion.
- the ratio (molar ratio) of a certain ion A to a certain ion B is, for example, 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 1:5 to 5:1, and more preferably 1:3 to 3:1. It is one of the preferred aspects that a part of the two M + present in the general formula (1) is a hydrogen ion, and a part is a sodium ion (Na + ).
- Peptide-type biosurfactants such as surfactin or a salt of surfactin can be obtained by culturing a microorganism, for example a strain belonging to Bacillus subtilis, and isolating it from the culture medium according to known methods.
- a purified product may be used, or an unpurified product, for example a culture medium, may be used as is.
- those obtained by chemical synthesis methods may be used in the same way as long as the molecular structure is the same. Commercially available products may also be used.
- Glycosurfactants are not particularly limited as long as they have a glycolipid structure and surface activity, but examples include rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, cellobiose lipids, trehalose lipids, succinoyl trehalose lipids, glucose lipids, polyol lipids, oligosaccharide fatty acid esters, and salts thereof.
- sugar-type biosurfactant at least one type of sugar-type biosurfactant selected from rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, and salts thereof is preferred, and at least one type of sugar-type biosurfactant selected from rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, and salts thereof is more preferred.
- Glycosurfactants can be obtained according to known methods. Commercially available products can also be used.
- the biosurfactant is preferably at least one selected from surfactin, rhamnolipid, sophorolipid, and salts thereof.
- the liquid composition of the present embodiment contains phospholipids.
- phospholipids include lecithin.
- Lecithin is another name for phosphatidylcholine, and can be broadly divided into natural lecithin and synthetic lecithin.
- Natural lecithin refers to naturally derived phospholipids that contain a high content of phosphatidylcholine, and for example, lecithin derived from egg yolk is called “egg yolk lecithin” and lecithin derived from soybean is called “soybean lecithin”.
- DMPC dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine
- DPPC dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- synthetic lecithin includes both natural lecithin and synthetic lecithin.
- Phospholipids other than lecithin include glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidic acid, bisphosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol; sphingophospholipids such as sphingosine, ceramide, sphingomyelin, and cerebroside; and hydrogenated lecithins such as hydrogenated soybean phospholipid and hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin.
- glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidic acid, bisphosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol
- sphingophospholipids
- one or more phospholipids selected from phosphatidylcholine, hydrogenated lecithin, phosphatidic acid, bisphosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and sphingomyelin can be preferably used.
- the composition of the present embodiment includes an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
- the agriculturally acceptable carrier may be any carrier capable of holding the biosurfactant described above, and may be a liquid carrier or a solid carrier.
- the solid carrier may be a hydratable solid material.
- the solid carrier may be in the form of a powder or granules.
- the agriculturally acceptable carrier is preferably a liquid carrier such as water or an organic solvent.
- the water as a carrier is not limited to pure water, but may be an aqueous solution, an aqueous suspension, an aqueous gel, or an aqueous slurry, and may have viscosity.
- the organic solvent is not limited to a pure organic solvent, but may be an organic solvent-based solution, a suspension, a gel, or a slurry, and may have viscosity. Examples of organic solvents include methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, and butyl ether.
- the agriculturally acceptable carrier is preferably a liquid carrier such as water or an aqueous solution in which a hydratable substance is dissolved in water, or a solid carrier containing a hydratable substance that can be dissolved in water.
- hydratable substances include polyvinylpyrrolidone, random and block copolymers of alkylene oxides, vinyl acetate/vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, alkylated vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, polyalkylene glycols including polypropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, agar, gum arabic, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, ghatti gum, carrageenan, alginates, casein, dextran, pectin, chitin, 2-hydroxyethyl starch, 2-aminoethyl starch, 2-hydroxyethy
- the composition of the present embodiment may contain, as necessary, components other than the biosurfactant, phospholipid, and agriculturally acceptable carrier as additives.
- the composition of the present embodiment may contain one or more additives.
- the additives include, but are not limited to, moisturizers, colorants, defoamers, UV protectants, antifreeze agents, preservatives, biological control agents or biocides, emulsifiers, extenders, scavengers, plasticizers, flow agents, coalescing agents, waxes, and/or fillers (e.g., clay, talc, glass fiber, cellulose, finely divided wood, etc.).
- the composition of the present embodiment is applied to plants together with or including a useful substance.
- the term "useful substance” refers to a substance other than water that can have a desired effect directly or indirectly on the growth of plants, and preferably refers to an organic compound.
- the useful substance may be applied to plants separately from the composition of the present embodiment, for example, in a state contained in another composition (first aspect), or may be mixed with a precursor composition (described later) immediately before use and applied to plants (second aspect).
- the composition of the present embodiment may contain the useful substance from the beginning (third aspect).
- the useful substance is preferably contained in an effective amount that affects the growth of plants.
- herbicides As the useful substance, herbicides, plant growth regulators, functional fertilizer components (biostimulants), fungicides, insecticides, etc. can be used.
- the composition of the present embodiment can be used together with (or including) these useful substances, particularly organic compounds, to promote the absorption of the useful substance into plants and increase the effect of the useful substance.
- Herbicides are not particularly limited, but examples thereof include phenoxy acid herbicides (2,4-PA, MCPA, MCPB, MCPP, triclopyr, clomeprop, naproanilide, cyhalofop-butyl, fluazifop, quizalofop-ethyl, fluazifop-P), carbamate herbicides (IPC, phenmedipham, desmedipham, benthiocarb, orisobencarb, esprocarb, molinate, dimepiperate, pyributicarb), acid amide herbicides (DCPA, alachlor, butachlor, pretilachlor, metolachlor, dimethylnamid, thenylchlor, bromobutide, etobenzanide, diflufenican, mefenacet, napropamide, cafenstrole, propyzamide, isoxaben, asulam), urea herbicides (DC
- Herbicides are usually used to suppress the growth of unwanted plants in agricultural land, etc., and by applying them together with the composition of this embodiment (or contained in the composition), it is possible to suppress the growth of the plants with a smaller amount. This reduces the risk of soil contamination and suppression of crop growth due to the herbicide remaining in the soil.
- Plant growth regulators are not particularly limited, but examples include ethylene agents, auxin agents (indolebutyric acid agents, ethychlozate agents, cloxyfonac agents, dichlorprop agents, 1-naphthylacetamide agents, 4-CPA agents), auxin antagonists (maleic acid hydrazide agents), cytokinins (benzylaminopurine agents, forflorfenuron agents), gibberellins, dwarfing agents (inabenfide agents, uriconazole P agents, chlormequat agents, paclobutrazol agents, flurprimidol agents, mepiquat chloride, prohexadione calcium salt, trinexapac-ethyl, daminozide, imazapyr), and others (isoprothiolane, oxine sulfate, cyanamide, choline, decyl alcohol, piperonyl butoxide, bendimethalin, MCPA, MCPB, NAC
- the term "functional fertilizer” includes those classified as “biostimulants” and refers to those that increase resistance to abiotic stress, thereby realizing increased yields and improved quality. More specifically, it refers to a fertilizer containing components that have functions that affect plant growth, such as suppressing active oxygen, improving the photosynthetic ability of plants, promoting flowering and fruiting, controlling transpiration, regulating osmotic pressure, improving the rhizosphere environment, increasing root volume, and promoting rooting, and functional fertilizer components refer to components that have such functions.
- Examples of functional fertilizer components that can be used include peptides (e.g., glutathiones (oxidized glutathione, reduced glutathione), soybean peptides), amino acids (e.g., 5-aminolevulinic acid, glycine betaine, methionine), sugars (oligosaccharides (e.g., raffinose), trehalose, polysaccharides (e.g., alginic acid)), seaweed extracts, humic substances, organic acids, nucleic acids, plant extracts, and microbial metabolites.
- Functional fertilizers are usually used in the cultivation of agricultural crops and the like for the purpose of increasing yields, etc. By applying it together with the composition of this embodiment (or contained in the composition), it is possible to obtain the desired effect with a smaller amount.
- Fungicides include, but are not limited to, copper fungicides (organic copper agents, nonylphenolsulfonate copper agents, DBEDC agents), organic sulfur fungicides (zineb agents, maneb agents, manzeb agents, ambam agents, polycarbamate agents, propineb agents, ziram agents, thiuram agents, thiadiazine agents), organophosphorus fungicides (IBP agents, EDDP agents, trifluorofosmethyl agents, fosetyl agents), organochlorine agents (TPN agents), melanin biosynthesis inhibitors (fthalide agents, tricyclazole agents, pyroquilon agents, carpropamid agents), benzimidazole fungicides (thiophanate methyl agents, benomyl agents, thiabenzole agents), dicarboximide fungicides (iprodione agents, procymidone agents), acid amides, etc.
- copper fungicides organic copper agents, nonylphenolsulfon
- fungicides mepronil, flutolanil, furametpyr, thifluzamide, metalaxyl, oxadixyl, fenhexamid, fenoxanil
- sterol biosynthesis inhibitors triadimefon, bitertanol, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, tebuconazole, propiconazole, difenoconazole, ipconazole, imibenconazole, cyproconazole, triflumizole, prochloraz, pefurazoate, fenarimol, pyrifenox, triforine, tetraconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate, fenbuconazole, simeconazole), methoxyacrylate fungicides (azoxacin, azoxyl, azoxybutanil ...
- Cystrobin kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone), anilinopyrimidine fungicides (mepanipyrim, cyprodinil, pyrimethanil), synthetic antibacterial agents (tecloftalam, oxolinic acid), soil fungicides (flusulfamide, hydroxyisoxazole, eclumezole, dazomet, chloroneb, methasulfocarb, methyl isothiocyanate, D-D, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, carbam, carbam sodium salt), antibiotic fungicides (streptomycin, oxytetracycline, blasticidin S, kasugamycin, polyoxin, valida can be used.
- the fungicides are used for the purpose of preventing infection of pathogenic bacteria in agricultural crops, etc. By applying the fungicide together with the composition of the present embodiment (or included in the composition), it is possible to obtain the
- Insecticides include organophosphate insecticides (CYAP, MPP, MEP, ECP, pirimiphos-methyl, dianodine, quinalphos, isoxathion, pyridaphenthion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, malathion, PAP, dimethoate, ethylthiometon, phosalone, PMP, DMPT, prothiofos, sulprofos, profenofos, and pyraclofos) , DDVP, monocrotophos, BRP, CVMP, dimethylvinphos, CVP, propaphos, acephate, isofenphos, DEP, EPN, ethion), carbamate insecticides (NAC, MIPC, BPMC, PHC, XMC, ethiofencarb, carbosulfan, benfuracarb, furathiocarb, methomyl, o
- composition for enhancing the effect of useful substances contains at least one type of biosurfactant selected from peptide-type biosurfactants and sugar-type biosurfactants, and a phospholipid, as described above.
- the composition of this embodiment preferably contains the biosurfactant in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1% by mass, and particularly 0.005 to 0.05% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the composition.
- the composition of this embodiment may be transported and stored in the form of a concentrated liquid, powder, or other composition (also referred to as a "precursor composition", details of which will be described later), and may be produced when applied to plants by diluting with water or a diluent, or mixing with a composition containing a useful component, etc., to adjust the content of the biosurfactant to fall within the above range.
- the content of the biosurfactant in the concentrated liquid or powder may be appropriately set according to the dilution rate, mixing ratio, etc.
- the composition of this embodiment preferably contains 0.0005 to 0.1% by mass, and particularly 0.001 to 0.05% by mass, of the phospholipids in 100% by mass of the composition.
- the composition of this embodiment may be transported and stored in the form of a precursor composition, and when applied to plants, the composition may be produced by diluting with water or a diluent, or by mixing with a composition containing useful ingredients, etc., to adjust the content of the phospholipids to be within the above range.
- the content of the phospholipids in the concentrated liquid or powder may be appropriately set according to the dilution rate, mixing ratio, etc.
- the biosurfactant and the phospholipid are contained in a mass ratio of 1:0.01 to 1:5, and particularly 1:0.1 to 1:2.0.
- composition of this embodiment may contain an agriculturally acceptable carrier as needed.
- the composition of this embodiment may also contain other additives as needed.
- the composition of this embodiment may also contain the useful substance as needed.
- the method for producing the composition of this embodiment includes, when a liquid carrier is used as an agriculturally acceptable carrier, a method in which a biosurfactant, phospholipids, and optional additives are added to the liquid carrier and stirred until homogeneous.
- a method in which a useful substance is further added to the liquid carrier in addition to the biosurfactant, phospholipids, and optional additives, and stirred until homogeneous include, when a liquid carrier is used as an agriculturally acceptable carrier, a method in which a biosurfactant, phospholipids, and optional additives are added to the liquid carrier and stirred until homogeneous.
- composition of this embodiment is usually applied to plants, for example, to the leaves, roots, seeds, seedlings, fruits, etc. of plants.
- the composition of this embodiment is sprayed on the leaves of plants.
- “spraying on the leaves of plants” means spraying on at least the leaves, and may also include spraying on stems and leaves, and may further include spraying a portion on flowers, fruits, etc.
- the second embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for applying the composition of the first embodiment to a plant (hereinafter, also referred to as the "method of the present embodiment").
- the definitions of each term in this embodiment are the same as those described in the first embodiment, unless otherwise specified.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is mainly applied to a plant in the following manner.
- First embodiment A composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance that does not contain a useful substance is applied.
- a useful substance or a composition containing a useful substance is applied to the plant separately from the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance.
- Second embodiment A composition for enhancing the efficacy of a useful substance containing a useful substance is applied.
- the useful substance is mixed with a precursor composition of the composition for enhancing the efficacy of a useful substance immediately before application.
- a third embodiment is to apply a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance, the composition containing the useful substance being included in a precursor composition of the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance immediately before application, and the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by dilution.
- composition 1A a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance that does not contain a useful substance
- composition 1B a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance that does not contain a useful substance
- composition 1A and composition 1B are applied separately to the plant.
- Composition 1A and composition 1B may be applied simultaneously or at different times. When applied at different times, composition 1A may be applied before composition 1B, may be applied after composition 1B, or may be applied separately before and after the application of composition 1B. At least one of compositions 1A and 1B may be prepared by diluting a high-concentration composition immediately before application to the plant.
- Composition 1A is preferably sprayed on the above-ground parts of plants, particularly the leaves. When spraying on the above-ground parts of plants, it is preferable to spray composition 1A in an amount that provides preferably 2.5 to 100 g, and more preferably 5 to 50 g, of biosurfactant per 10 a of plant cultivation area. It is also preferable to spray composition 1A in an amount that provides preferably 0.25 to 200 g, and more preferably 1.25 to 50 g, of phospholipid per 10 a of plant cultivation area.
- composition 1B is preferably applied to the same area as composition 1A. More specifically, composition 1B is preferably sprayed on the above-ground parts of the plant, particularly the leaves. When spraying on the above-ground parts of the plant, the amount of composition 1B sprayed is preferably an amount that allows the useful substances contained therein to be applied to the leaves in effective amounts.
- composition 1A and Composition 1B can be changed as appropriate depending on the type of useful substance and the purpose of spraying.
- composition 2A a precursor composition of a useful substance effect enhancing composition not containing a useful substance
- composition 2C a useful substance effect enhancing composition
- the useful substance to be mixed may be in the form of a useful substance alone, or in the form of a composition containing a useful substance (hereinafter also referred to as "composition 2B").
- compositions 2A and 2B may be prepared by diluting a high-concentration composition immediately before mixing.
- Composition 2C is preferably sprayed on the above-ground parts of plants, particularly the leaves. When spraying on the above-ground parts of plants, it is preferable to spray composition 2C in an amount that provides 2.5 to 100 g of biosurfactant, more preferably 5 to 50 g, per 10 a of plant cultivation area. It is also preferable to spray composition 2C in an amount that provides 0.25 to 200 g of phospholipid, more preferably 1.25 to 50 g, per 10 a of plant cultivation area. Furthermore, it is preferable to spray composition 2C so that the useful substances contained therein are applied to the plant in effective amounts. Compositions 2A and 2B are preferably mixed so that the amounts of biosurfactant, phospholipid, and useful substances applied to the plant are simultaneously within the above-mentioned ranges.
- the timing of spraying Composition 2C can be changed as appropriate depending on the type of useful substance and the purpose of spraying.
- composition 3 a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance (hereinafter also referred to as "composition 3") containing a useful substance is applied to a plant. At least one of the compositions 3 may be prepared by diluting a high-concentration composition immediately before mixing.
- Composition 3 is preferably sprayed on the above-ground parts of plants, particularly the leaves. When spraying on the above-ground parts of plants, composition 3 is preferably sprayed in an amount that provides 2.5 to 100 g of biosurfactant, and more preferably 5 to 50 g, per 10 a of plant cultivation area. Composition 3 is also preferably sprayed in an amount that provides 0.25 to 200 g of phospholipid, and more preferably 1.25 to 50 g, per 10 a of plant cultivation area. Furthermore, composition 3 is preferably sprayed so that the useful substances contained therein are applied to the plant in effective amounts.
- the timing of spraying Composition 3 can be changed as appropriate depending on the type of useful substance and the purpose of spraying.
- composition of the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is a precursor composition for preparing the composition of the first embodiment by dilution or mixing.
- the definitions of each term in this embodiment are the same as those described in the first embodiment, unless otherwise specified.
- composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance prepared from the precursor composition may or may not contain the above-mentioned useful substance.
- the precursor composition is roughly classified into the following six types of compositions.
- Composition a a composition containing a biosurfactant at a concentration 10 to 50,000 times that of the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance
- Composition b a composition containing a phospholipid at a concentration 10 to 50,000 times that of the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance
- Composition c a composition containing a biosurfactant and a phospholipid, each at a concentration 10 to 50,000 times that of the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance
- Composition d a composition containing a biosurfactant and a useful substance at a concentration 10 to 50,000 times that of the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance
- Composition e a composition containing a phospholipid and a useful substance at a concentration 10 to 50,000 times that of the composition
- the precursor composition of this embodiment is stored, transported, etc. in the form of a precursor composition, diluted or mixed at the time of use, prepared as a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance, and then applied to plants.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting the above-mentioned composition a, phospholipid, and useful substance.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition a, composition b, and a useful substance.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition a and composition e.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition b, a biosurfactant, and a useful substance.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition b and composition d.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition d and phospholipid.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition e and a biosurfactant.
- the composition f is diluted to prepare a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance.
- the composition f is diluted to prepare a composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance that contains a useful substance.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting the above-mentioned composition a and phospholipid.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition a and composition b.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by mixing and diluting composition b and a biosurfactant.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance is prepared by diluting composition c.
- the composition for enhancing the effect of a useful substance that does not contain a useful substance is prepared by diluting composition c.
- the form of the precursor composition can be appropriately selected depending on the type of useful substance to be used, the state of the plant to which it is applied, etc.
- dilution is performed using a diluent made of the above-mentioned liquid carrier (e.g., water).
- a diluent made of the above-mentioned liquid carrier (e.g., water).
- the diluent referred to here does not substantially contain any substances (except water) involved in plant growth.
- the biosurfactant is preferably contained in an amount of 50% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the precursor composition. In this case, the biosurfactant is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, based on 100% by mass of the precursor composition.
- the precursor composition contains a phospholipid
- the biosurfactant is preferably contained in an amount of 50% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the precursor composition.
- the phospholipid is preferably contained in an amount of 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, based on 100% by mass of the precursor composition.
- an agriculturally acceptable carrier preferably a liquid carrier, more preferably water
- the content of the carrier is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, based on 100% by mass of the precursor composition.
- surfactin or "SF” refers to surfactin Na (product name Kaneka Surfactin, manufactured by Kaneka).
- GSSG refers to glutathione disulfide (oxidized glutathione).
- DMPC dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine.
- Lecithin refers to soybean lecithin (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc.).
- Sophorolipid refers to the product prepared with reference to the description in Journal of Oleo Science, 60, (5) pp. 267-273 (2011).
- “Rhamnolipid” refers to the product manufactured by AGAE Technologies.
- “Spreader” refers to Approach BI (manufactured by Maruwa Biochemical Co., Ltd.), a spreading agent whose main component is a synthetic surfactant.
- “PQ” refers to paraquat dichloride standard (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Commercially available paraquat contains a spreading agent, but in this example, only the herbicide component (PQ) was used.
- Example 1 Promotion of GSSG (oxidized glutathione) absorption
- Example 1-1 A 25-hole cell tray was filled with culture soil, and komatsuna (variety: Spring Senbatsu) seeds were sown at 3 seeds/cell. The plants were grown in a glass greenhouse, and after germination, they were thinned out to 1 plant/cell. 22 days after sowing, 20 ⁇ L of each test solution containing the components at the concentrations shown in Table 1 was applied to the 5th leaf of the komatsuna. Each test solution was prepared by dissolving each component in water. When adding phospholipids (DMPC), the phospholipids were first dissolved in water, and then biosurfactant was added to the specified concentration.
- DMPC phospholipids
- the leaves were harvested, placed in a 15 mL centrifuge tube, and 5 mL of water was added to rinse the leaf surface.
- the rinse solution was collected and the glutathione content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- the absorption rate of GSSG in leaves to which each test solution was applied is shown in Figure 1.
- the concentrations shown in the figure indicate the surfactant concentrations. Additionally, the letters a to f in the figure indicate that there was a significant difference between the groups marked with different letters, specifically, p ⁇ 0.05 in the Turkey test.
- Example 1-2 The GSSG absorption promoting effect of surfactin was confirmed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1-1, except that lecithin was used instead of DMPC as the phospholipid.
- a 25-hole cell tray was filled with culture soil, and komatsuna (variety: Spring Senbatsu) seeds were sown at 3 seeds/cell. The seeds were cultivated in a glass greenhouse, and after germination, they were thinned out to 1 plant/cell. 21 days after sowing, 20 ⁇ L of each test solution containing the components at the concentrations shown in Table 2 was applied to the 5th leaf of the komatsuna.
- Each test solution was prepared by dissolving each component in water. When lecithin was added, first, lecithin was dissolved in water, and then surfactin or a spreading agent was added to the specified concentration.
- Example 1-3 The effect of lecithin concentration on the GSSG absorption promoting effect of surfactin was investigated.
- a 25-hole cell tray was filled with culture soil, and komatsuna (variety: Spring Senbatsu) seeds were sown at 3 seeds/cell. The seeds were cultivated in a glass greenhouse, and after germination, they were thinned out to 1 seed/cell. 21 days after sowing, 20 ⁇ L of each test solution containing the components at the concentrations shown in Table 3 was applied to the 5th leaf of the komatsuna.
- Each test solution was prepared by dissolving each component in water. When lecithin was added, first, lecithin was dissolved in water, and then surfactin was added to the specified concentration.
- Example 2-2 Soil was filled into 9 cm polypots, and soybean (variety: Fukuyutaka) seeds were sown at 3 seeds per pot. The plants were grown in a glass greenhouse, and after germination, they were thinned to 1 seed per pot. Three weeks after sowing, each test solution shown in Table 5 was sprayed on the leaves. Each test solution was prepared by dissolving each component in water. When lecithin was added, the lecithin was first dissolved in water, and then a biosurfactant was added to the desired concentration. Three days after spraying each test solution, the SPAD value of the leaves was measured using a chloroplast meter.
- Figure 5 shows the percentage reduction in the SPAD value of leaves sprayed with each test liquid, with the SPAD value of leaves sprayed with PQ alone set at 100. As shown in Figure 5, it was confirmed that the SPAD value was significantly reduced in the cases where a biosurfactant and lecithin were sprayed, compared to the cases where lecithin and a biosurfactant were sprayed alone. This demonstrates that the herbicidal effect of PQ can be enhanced by using various biosurfactants and lecithin.
- the upper and/or lower limit values of the numerical ranges described in this specification can be arbitrarily combined to define a preferred range.
- the upper and lower limit values of the numerical ranges can be arbitrarily combined to define a preferred range
- the upper limit values of the numerical ranges can be arbitrarily combined to define a preferred range
- the lower limit values of the numerical ranges can be arbitrarily combined to define a preferred range.
- a numerical range expressed using the symbol " ⁇ " includes the numerical values written before and after the symbol " ⁇ " as the upper and lower limits, respectively.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ペプチド型バイオサーファクタント及び糖型バイオサーファクタントから選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントと、リン脂質とを含む、植物における有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[2]前記バイオサーファクタントが、前記組成物100質量%中に0.001~0.1質量%含まれる、[1]に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[3]前記リン脂質が、前記組成物100質量%中に0.0005~0.1質量%含まれる、[1]又は[2]に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[4]前記バイオサーファクタント及び前記リン脂質の含有量が、質量比で1:0.01~1:5である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[5]有用物質が、有機化合物であり、除草剤、植物生長調整剤、機能性肥料成分、殺菌剤、殺虫剤からなる群より選択される、少なくとも1種の物質である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[6]前記有用物質が、グルタチオンである、[5]に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[7]有用物質をさらに含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[8]前記バイオサーファクタントが、サーファクチン、ラムノリピッド、ソホロリピッド、及びそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントである、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[9]葉面散布に使用される、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
[10]希釈又は混合により、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物を調製するための、有用物質効果増強用組成物の前駆体組成物。
[11]前記バイオサーファクタントが、前駆体組成物中100質量%中に0.5~50質量%含まれる、[10]に記載の前駆体組成物。
[12]前記リン脂質が、前駆体組成物中100質量%中に0.05~50質量%含まれる、[10]又は[11]に記載の前駆体組成物。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎となる日本国特許出願番号2022-158075号の開示内容を包含する。
1.有用物質効果増強用組成物
本開示の第1の実施形態は、有用物質効果増強用組成物であり、ペプチド型バイオサーファクタント及び糖型バイオサーファクタントから選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントと、リン脂質とを含む、ことを特徴とする。
本実施形態の有用物質増強用組成物(以下、「本実施形態の組成物」とも称する)は、上記の通り、バイオサーファクタントとリン脂質とを含むことで、有用物質と共に植物と施用した場合に、バイオサーファクタント又はリン脂質をそれぞれ単独で施用するよりも、有用物質の効果が高く増強される。そのため、本実施形態の組成物は、より少量の有用物質で所望の効果を発揮させることが可能であり、有用物質の使用による環境負荷をさらに低減させることが可能である。
本開示において、「植物」は特に限定されないが、好ましくは作物植物である。作物植物としては、トウモロコシ(corn、maize)、コムギ、オオムギ、ライムギ、オートムギ、イネ、ダイズ、カノーラ(セイヨウアブラナ)、綿、ヒマワリ、サトウダイコン、ジャガイモ、タバコ、ブロッコリー、レタス、キャベツ、ホウレンソウ、コマツナ、カリフラワー、ココナッツ、トマト、キュウリ、ナス、メロン、カボチャ、オクラ、ピーマン、スイカ、ニンジン、ダイコン、タマネギ、ネギ、果樹、花卉類、芝、牧草等が例示できる。
本実施形態の組成物は、バイオサーファクタントを含む。バイオサーファクタントとしては、ペプチド型バイオサーファクタント及び糖型バイオサーファクタントから選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントが挙げられる。本実施形態の組成物は、バイオサーファクタントを1種単独で含んでいても、2種以上で含んでいてもよい。本実施形態の組成物は、バイオサーファクタントを含むため、植物に与えることで、有用物質の吸収を促進し、これにより、植物における有用物質の効果を増強することができる。なお、バイオサーファクタントとしては、Wickerhamomyces anomalus酵母に由来しないバイオサーファクタントを用いることが臭気、食品衛生の観点から好ましい。
本実施液体の組成物は、リン脂質を含む。リン脂質としては、例えばレシチンを挙げることができる。レシチンはホスファチジルコリンの別名であり、天然レシチンと合成レシチンに大別できる。天然レシチンは、ホスファチジルコリンを高含有する天然由来のリン脂質を指し、例えば、卵黄由来のものは「卵黄レシチン」、大豆由来のものは「大豆レシチン」と称される。一方、合成レシチンとしては、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(DPPC)等が知られる。本明細書において、「レシチン」は、天然レシチン、合成レシチンのいずれも包含する。
本実施形態の組成物は、農業的に許容される担体を含む。本開示において農業的に許容される担体としては、前述のバイオサーファクタントを保持することができる担体であればよく、液体担体又は固体担体とすることができる。固体担体としては、水和性物質固体が挙げられる。固体担体は粉末又は顆粒の形態とすることができる。
本実施形態の組成物は、上述のバイオサーファクタント、リン脂質、及び農業的に許容される担体以外の成分を、必要に応じて添加剤として含んでいてもよい。本実施形態の組成物は、添加剤を1種含んでいても、2種以上含んでいてもよい。添加剤としては、保湿剤、着色剤、消泡剤、UV保護剤、凍結防止剤、保存剤、生物学的制御剤もしくは殺生物剤、乳化剤、増量剤、捕捉剤、可塑剤、流動剤、融合助剤、ろう、及び/又は充填剤(例として、粘土、タルク、ガラス繊維、セルロース、微粉化木材等)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本実施形態の組成物は、有用物質と共に、又は有用物質を含んで植物に施用される。本開示において、「有用物質」は、植物の生育に対して、直接的に又は間接的に、所望の作用を有し得る、水以外の物質を指し、好ましくは、有機化合物を指す。有用物質は、本実施形態の組成物とは別に、例えば他の組成物に含まれた状態で植物に施用されてもよく(第1態様)、使用直前に前駆体組成物(後述)と混合されて植物に施用されてもよい(第2態様)。あるいは、本実施形態の組成物に最初から有用物質が含まれていてもよい(第3態様)。前記第2態様及び第3態様において、有用物質は、植物の生育に影響を及ぼす有効量で含まれることが好ましい。有用物質としては、除草剤、植物生長調整剤、機能性肥料成分(バイオスティミュラント)、殺菌剤、殺虫剤等を使用することができる。本実施形態の組成物は、これらの有用物質、特に有機化合物と共に(又はこれを含んで)使用されることで、有用物質の植物への吸収を促進することができ、有用物質の効果を増大させることができる。
本実施形態の有用物質効果増強用組成物は、上述のようにペプチド型バイオサーファクタント及び糖型バイオサーファクタントから選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントと、リン脂質とを含む。
本開示の第2の実施形態は、第1の実施形態の組成物の植物への施用方法(以下、「本実施形態の方法」とも称する)である。本実施形態における各用語の定義は、特に矛盾のない限り、第1の実施形態に記載の定義と同様である。
第1態様:有用物質を含まない有用物質効果増強用組成物を施用する。有用物質若しくは有用物質を含む組成物を、有用物質効果増強用組成物とは別に同植物に施用する。
第2態様:有用物質を含む有用物質効果増強用組成物を施用する。有用物質は、施用直前に有用物質効果増強用組成物の前駆体組成物と混合される。
第3態様:有用物質を含む有用物質効果増強用組成物を施用する。有用物質は、施用直前に有用物質効果増強用組成物の前駆体組成物に含まれ、希釈により有用物質効果増強用組成物が調製される。
本実施形態の第1態様は、有用物質を含まない有用物質効果増強用組成物(以下、「組成物1A」とも称する)を、有用物質とは別に植物に施用する。有用物質は、例えば、組成物1Aとは別の組成物(以下、「組成物1B」とも称する)に含まれ、組成物1Aと組成物1Bは、別々に植物に施用される。組成物1Aと組成物1Bは、同時に施用されてもよく、異なる時期に施用されてもよい。異なる時期に施用される場合、組成物1Aは、組成物1Bより先に施用してもよく、組成物1Bの後に施用してもよく、また、組成物1Bの施用の前後に分けて施用してもよい。組成物1A及び1Bの少なくとも一方は、植物に施用する直前に高濃度組成物の希釈により調製されてもよい。
本実施形態の第2態様は、有用物質を含まない有用物質効果増強用組成物の前駆体組成物(以下、「組成物2A」とも称する)を、植物に施用する直前に有用物質と混合して、有用物質効果増強用組成物(以下、「組成物2C」とも称する)を調製する。ここで、混合する有用物質は、有用物質単独の形態であってもよく、有用物質を含む組成物(以下、「組成物2B」とも称する)の形態であってもよい。組成物2A及び2Bの少なくとも一方は、混合する直前に、高濃度組成物の希釈により調製されてもよい。
本実施形態の第3態様は、有用物質を含む有用物質効果増強用組成物(以下、「組成物3」とも称する)を植物に施用する。組成物3の少なくとも一方は、混合する直前に、高濃度組成物の希釈により調製されてもよい。
本開示の第3の実施形態は、希釈又は混合により、上述の第1の実施形態の組成物を調製するための、前駆体組成物である。本実施形態における各用語の定義は、特に矛盾のない限り、第1の実施形態に記載の定義と同様である。
組成物a:バイオサーファクタントを有用物質効果増強用組成物の10~50000倍の濃度で含む組成物;
組成物b:リン脂質を有用物質効果増強用組成物の10~50000倍の濃度で含む組成物;
組成物c:バイオサーファクタントとリン脂質とを、それぞれ有用物質効果増強用組成物の10~50000倍の濃度で含む組成物;
組成物d:バイオサーファクタントと有用物質を、それぞれ有用物質効果増強用組成物の10~50000倍の濃度で含む組成物;
組成物e:リン脂質と有用物質とを、有用物質効果増強用組成物の10~50000倍の濃度で含む組成物;
組成物f:バイオサーファクタントとリン脂質と有用物質を、それぞれ有用物質効果増強用組成物の10~50000倍の濃度で含む組成物。
[実験例1-1]
25穴セルトレイに培土をつめ、コマツナ(品種:春のセンバツ)種子を3粒/セル播種した。ガラス温室内で栽培し、発芽後に1株/セルになるよう間引きした。播種22日後、コマツナ葉の5葉目に表1に示す濃度の成分を含む、各試験液を20μL塗布した。各試験液は、各成分を水で溶解して調製した。リン脂質(DMPC)を加える場合は、まず、リン脂質を水で溶解した後、所定濃度となるようにバイオサーファクタントを加えた。
リン脂質としてDMPCに代えてレシチンを使用して、実験例1-1と同様にしてサーファクチンのGSSG吸収促進効果を確認した。25穴セルトレイに培土をつめ、コマツナ(品種:春のセンバツ)種子を3粒/セル播種した。ガラス温室内で栽培し、発芽後に1株/セルになるよう間引きした。播種21日後、コマツナ葉の5葉目に表2に示す濃度の成分を含む、各試験液を20μL塗布した。各試験液は、各成分を水で溶解して調製した。レシチンを加える場合は、まず、レシチンを水で溶解した後、所定濃度となるようにサーファクチン又は展着剤を加えた。
サーファクチンのGSSG吸収促進効果にレシチン濃度が与える影響を調査した。25穴セルトレイに培土をつめ、コマツナ(品種:春のセンバツ)種子を3粒/セル播種した。ガラス温室内で栽培し、発芽後に1株/セルになるよう間引きした。播種21日後、コマツナ葉の5葉目に表3に示す濃度の成分を含む、各試験液を20μL塗布した。各試験液は、各成分を水で溶解して調製した。レシチンを加える場合は、まず、レシチンを水で溶解した後、所定濃度となるようにサーファクチンを加えた。
[実験例2-1]
9cmポリポットに培土をつめ、ダイズ(品種:フクユタカ)種子を3粒/ポットで播種した。ガラス温室内で栽培し、発芽後に1株/ポットに間引きした。播種3週間後、表4に示す各試験液を葉面散布した。各試験液は、各成分を水で溶解して調製した。各試験液の散布3日後に、葉緑素計(製品名SPAD-502Plus、コミカミノルタ株式会社製)を用いて葉のSPAD(Soil and Plant Analyzer Development)値を測定した。SPAD値は、植物の葉緑素量を示す指標として使用される値である。
9cmポリポットに培土をつめ、ダイズ(品種:フクユタカ)種子を3粒/ポットで播種した。ガラス温室内で栽培し、発芽後に1株/ポットに間引きした。播種3週間後、表5に示す各試験液を葉面散布した。各試験液は、各成分を水で溶解して調製した。レシチンを加える場合は、まず、レシチンを水で溶解した後、所定濃度となるようにバイオサーファクタントを加えた。各試験液の散布3日後に、葉緑体計を用いて葉のSPAD値を測定した。
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許及び特許出願はそのまま引用により本明細書に組み入れられるものとする。
Claims (12)
- ペプチド型バイオサーファクタント及び糖型バイオサーファクタントから選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントと、リン脂質とを含む、植物における有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 前記バイオサーファクタントが、前記組成物100質量%中に0.001~0.1質量%含まれる、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 前記リン脂質が、前記組成物100質量%中に0.0005~0.1質量%含まれる、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 前記バイオサーファクタント及び前記リン脂質の含有量が、質量比で1:0.01~1:5である、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 有用物質が、有機化合物であり、除草剤、植物生長調整剤、機能性肥料成分、殺菌剤、殺虫剤からなる群より選択される、少なくとも1種の物質である、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 前記有用物質が、グルタチオンである、請求項5に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 有用物質をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 前記バイオサーファクタントが、サーファクチン、ラムノリピッド、ソホロリピッド、及びそれらの塩から選択される少なくとも1種のバイオサーファクタントである、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 葉面散布に使用される、請求項1に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物。
- 希釈又は混合により、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の有用物質効果増強用組成物を調製するための、有用物質効果増強用組成物の前駆体組成物。
- 前記バイオサーファクタントが、前駆体組成物中100質量%中に0.5~50質量%含まれる、請求項10に記載の前駆体組成物。
- 前記リン脂質が、前駆体組成物中100質量%中に0.05~50質量%含まれる、請求項10に記載の前駆体組成物。
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