WO2024063039A1 - 酸化マグネシウムを含有する遮光性ハードカプセル - Google Patents
酸化マグネシウムを含有する遮光性ハードカプセル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024063039A1 WO2024063039A1 PCT/JP2023/033846 JP2023033846W WO2024063039A1 WO 2024063039 A1 WO2024063039 A1 WO 2024063039A1 JP 2023033846 W JP2023033846 W JP 2023033846W WO 2024063039 A1 WO2024063039 A1 WO 2024063039A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/501—Inorganic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
- A61K9/4825—Proteins, e.g. gelatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4883—Capsule finishing, e.g. dyeing, aromatising, polishing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4891—Coated capsules; Multilayered drug free capsule shells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5015—Organic compounds, e.g. fats, sugars
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/5042—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. phthalate or acetate succinate esters of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5052—Proteins, e.g. albumin
- A61K9/5057—Gelatin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light-shielding hard capsule shell film and a hard capsule shell used in pharmaceutical preparations and the like.
- the shell is formed from a light-shielding hard capsule shell film.
- the present invention also relates to a composition for forming a hard capsule shell film containing a light shielding agent.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a light-shielding hard capsule shell.
- the present invention relates to a light-shielding hard capsule shell film and a hard capsule shell, in which the hard capsule shell film is produced by a film-forming composition containing magnesium oxide as a light-shielding agent, and the hard capsule shell film is formed of a light-shielding hard capsule shell. Formed from a membrane.
- This hard capsule shell coating and hard capsule shell can reduce the transmission of light and ultraviolet rays, so that the hard capsule shell can maintain the stability and quality of any active ingredient loaded into said shell for a long time. can.
- colorings have been used for various products such as medicines and health foods.
- the purpose of coloring is to give the product high distinctiveness, a beautiful appearance, and light-blocking properties to maintain quality.
- the general method is to add a white light-blocking agent to the film that forms the hard capsule shell to produce a white light-blocking hard capsule shell.
- various coloring agents such as dyes, edible pigments (e.g., Blue No. 1, Yellow No. 5, Red No. 3, etc.) or edible pigments (e.g., ferric oxide or aluminum lake, etc.) are added to give the light-blocking film a desired color.
- Titanium oxide is a white pigment with features such as excellent whiteness, hiding power, coloring power, and extremely high chemical stability, and has been used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields for a long time.
- ingredients contained in these light-shielded preparations may have their stability compromised by titanium oxide, or their decomposition may be accelerated due to radicals generated from titanium oxide by ultraviolet light.
- pharmaceutical preparations are coated with a film containing titanium oxide, the film peels off or becomes white over time due to light irradiation, making it difficult to maintain the coating.As a result, the appearance and ease of handling of such preparations deteriorate. There is a possibility that the quality may be lost.
- components in the formulation may be decomposed by light, oxygen, and moisture.
- Patent Document 2 a light-shielding coating composition that does not use titanium oxide and contains one or more water-soluble calcium salts and a coating base of a water-soluble cellulose polymer has also been investigated (Patent Document 2).
- the water-soluble calcium salt described in Patent Document 2 has a restriction in the usage standard of "Additives, Section 2 of the Standards for Food Additives, etc.” that the amount used must be 1.0% or less of the food as calcium, which causes a problem in that the white coloring density is limited.
- Patent Document 3 a coated solid hypnotic preparation characterized in that it is coated with.
- a hard capsule is mentioned as a solid agent
- magnesium oxide is mentioned as one of the light-blocking substances.
- Patent Document 4 describes a gelatin capsule shell in which a layer containing magnesium oxide is provided as an outer layer. This layer is added to prevent the gelatin capsule from sticking to the oral mucosa, and must be provided on the outermost side of the capsule shell.
- titanium oxide powder is widely used as a light shielding agent in many industrial fields including food and pharmaceuticals.
- a further requirement that a titanium oxide replacement must meet is that it provides acceptable mechanical properties for the capsule. Capsules with sufficient stability for storage under various relative humidity conditions are desired. Mechanical properties include, for example, capsule fracture and elastic behavior (e.g., by tube tests), top strength (e.g., by capsule top compression tests), and pre-lock force strength (e.g., the force required during temporary bonding of the body and cap). (according to a pre-lock force measurement test). These can be important parameters that need to be within acceptable limits.
- the elongation e.g., by film tensile test
- deformation at break e.g., by film tensile test
- impact resistance For example, the impact energy of a destructive test
- the penetration time by an eluate e.g, by a penetration time measurement test
- the puncture resistance e.g, by a puncture test
- the thickness of the capsule film is only about 100 ⁇ m, so there is a risk that the particles will become brittle and break easily. . That is, as the particle size of the particles increases or as the amount of particles added increases, the elongation of the capsule film decreases significantly and the capsule film becomes more likely to crack. In order to avoid such a risk of deterioration of mechanical properties, it is desirable to provide a hard capsule shell in which the particle diameter and amount of the added light-shielding agent (particles) are optimized.
- magnesium oxide can achieve aesthetic beauty and light-shielding performance comparable to those using titanium oxide. It was also found that by combining with other coloring materials, it is possible to simultaneously block light and achieve arbitrary coloring.
- various edible tar-based pigments and natural pigments such as safflower pigment, caramel pigment, and gardenia pigment, especially for the health food market, highly safe and beautiful colored light-shielding capsules can be provided.
- magnesium oxide in particulate form as a light-blocking agent, it is possible to provide a hard capsule shell having the required mechanical properties described above without excessively reducing the elongation rate of the film.
- magnesium oxide with optimized particle size and amount added can be used.
- a hard capsule shell consisting of a hard capsule shell film
- the hard capsule shell film is a hard capsule shell film that contains a film-forming polymer and magnesium oxide and does not contain a white colorant titanium oxide
- the hard capsule shell has only one layer, and this one layer is the hard capsule shell coating, or the hard capsule shell has one or more layers, and at least one layer different from the outermost layer is the hard capsule shell coating.
- Hard capsule shell [2] The hard capsule shell according to [1], wherein the hard capsule shell film does not contain calcium carbonate as a white colorant.
- Film-forming polymers include gelatin, polyglutamic acid, cellulose derivatives, pullulan, starch, dextrin, agar, chitosan, acid-treated crushed yeast, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA-methyl methacrylic acid copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (The hard capsule shell according to any one of [1] to [11], which is selected from the group consisting of PVP). [13] The hard capsule shell according to any one of [1] to [12], further comprising a plasticizer.
- Plasticizers include xylitol, fructose, sorbitan fatty acid ester, triethyl citrate, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, vegetable oil, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, triacetin, phthalate esters, phytosterol, propylene glycol, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol
- the hard capsule shell according to [13] which is selected from the group consisting of: [15] The hard capsule shell according to [13] or [14], wherein the content of the plasticizer is 0.01 to 10% by weight of the dry weight of the film-forming polymer.
- the hard capsule shell of the present invention is intended for use in the pharmaceutical and food fields. Therefore, the materials used to manufacture the hard capsule shell are limited to those that can be safely used in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
- Magnesium oxide occurs naturally as the colorless crystalline mineral periclase. By heating magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, it is produced as either a bulky white powder (light) or a relatively dense white powder (heavy). When these magnesium salts are heated under moderate conditions (400-900° C. for several hours), so-called light magnesium oxides are produced. Heating under more severe conditions (eg 1200° C. for 12 hours) produces so-called heavy magnesium oxide. Light magnesium oxide is converted to heavy magnesium oxide when heated continuously at high temperatures.
- the magnesium oxide used in the present invention is produced at a calcination temperature of 700°C or higher, preferably 800°C or higher, more preferably 900°C or higher, still more preferably at least 925°C. Firing temperatures in certain embodiments are 950°C and 1300°C.
- the magnesium oxide used in the present invention is widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an antacid and laxative, and in the food field for magnesium fortification, supplements, and nutritional supplements.
- it has never been used as a light shielding agent for capsule shells.
- it has never been used as a light shielding agent for the hard capsule shell coating that forms the shell of the hard capsule shell.
- the magnesium oxide in the hard capsule shell film comprising the film-forming polymer and the magnesium oxide is used as a light blocking agent and/or a whitening agent.
- the magnesium oxide used as a light shielding agent for hard capsule shell coatings preferably has a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less, 45 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less, 35 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, 25 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the film strength decreases significantly.
- Particle size distribution can also be characterized by D10 and/or D90 values.
- the D10/D90 value represents that 10%/90% of the particles have a particle size smaller than the D10/D90 value.
- the above percentages mean cumulative volume percentages.
- the values of D50 and D100 are defined as follows. That is, a value of D50 or D100 means that 50% or 100% of the particles, respectively, have a particle size smaller than the D50 or D100 value.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 2.0 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1 ⁇ m or greater.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less, preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 35 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, especially 25 ⁇ m or less, more specifically 20 ⁇ m or less, even more specifically 15 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m. In particular, it has a particle size distribution with a D90 value of 9 ⁇ m or less.
- the magnesium oxide is 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 7.5 ⁇ m or less, especially 5 ⁇ m or less, more particularly 2 ⁇ m or less, even more particularly has a particle size distribution with a D90 value of 1.5 ⁇ m or less, in particular 1.25 ⁇ m or less.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D90 value of 4 ⁇ m or greater.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D90 value of 0.3 ⁇ m or greater.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle diameter of 4 to 45 ⁇ m, preferably 4 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 35 ⁇ m, even more preferably 4 to 30 ⁇ m, especially 4 to 25 ⁇ m, more specifically 4 to 20 ⁇ m, even more specifically have a particle size distribution with a D90 value of 4-15 ⁇ m, 4-10 ⁇ m, in particular 4-9 ⁇ m.
- the magnesium oxide is 0.3 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 0.3 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.3 to 10 ⁇ m, even more preferably 0.3 to 7.5 ⁇ m, especially 0.3 It has a particle size distribution with a D90 value of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, more specifically 0.3-2 ⁇ m, even more specifically 0.3-1.5 ⁇ m, especially 0.3-1.25 ⁇ m.
- the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1-2.0 ⁇ m and a D90 value of 4-45 ⁇ m. In another embodiment, the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1-2.0 ⁇ m and a D90 value of 0.3-20 ⁇ m. Preferably, the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1-1.5 ⁇ m and a D90 value of 5.0-8.0 ⁇ m. In another preferred embodiment, the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m and a D90 value of 0.3 to 7.5 ⁇ m.
- the above particle size distribution is obtained by dispersing magnesium oxide at a concentration of 40% by weight in water using an UltraTurrax high-speed stirrer at 6,600 rpm for 15 minutes, then adding water to dilute it to approximately 1 x 10 -4 g MgO/L. After that, measurement was performed using a 680 nm laser using a Shimadzu particle size distribution analyzer SALD-2000J. Both light magnesium oxide and heavy magnesium oxide can be used as a light shielding agent, but heavy magnesium oxide is more preferable. Examples of grades of magnesium oxide are shown in Table 1.
- a 20% dispersion liquid and a 40% dispersion liquid of the above MS-0 and MS-2 were prepared, and changes in the viscosity of each were measured over 8 days.
- the dispersion was prepared by dispersing a mixture of the magnesium oxide product and water using a homogenizer at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes and stirring the whole with a spatula. The viscosity of this dispersion was measured using a Brookfield digital viscometer (BROOKFIELD DV2T) at the time of preparation, 1 day later, and 8 days later. The results are shown in Table 2.
- MS-0 When MS-0 is made into a dispersion with a concentration of 40%, its viscosity increases immediately and it hardens like plaster. For this reason, it is necessary to add the dispersion to the solution of the film-forming polymer immediately after preparation, rather than leaving it to stand, to reduce the magnesium oxide concentration and avoid solidification.
- MS-2 there is no such phenomenon of solidification, so a dispersion liquid with a high concentration of 40% can be stored and used for preparing a film-forming polymer solution when necessary. Therefore, MS-2 offers more flexibility.
- the film-forming polymers used in the present invention include those that can be used in pharmaceuticals and foods.
- gelatin which is a common raw material for capsule membranes
- proteins such as polyglutamic acid, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides such as pullulan, starch, dextrin, agar, chitosan, and acid-treated crushed yeast
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- the film-forming polymer is not limited to these.
- Preferred film-forming polymers are gelatin, cellulose derivatives, and pullulan.
- Non-enteric cellulose derivatives include water-soluble cellulose ethers, in which some of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose are alkyl groups (for example, C1-4 alkyl groups), hydroxyalkyl groups (for example, C1-4 alkyl groups), -4 hydroxyalkyl group), or a combination thereof.
- Examples include hydroxyl lower alkylcelluloses such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), and hydroxyl lower alkylalkylcelluloses such as hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC).
- HPMC hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- examples of HPMCs that can be suitably used include HPMC2910, which contains 28.0-30.0% methoxy groups and 7.0-12.0% hydroxypropoxy groups; HPMC2906 containing 4.0-7.5% hydroxypropoxy groups, HPMC2208 containing 19.0-24.0% methoxy groups and 4.0-12.0% hydroxypropoxy groups, about 23.0-32. Included are HPMC1828, containing 0% hydroxypropoxy groups and about 16.5-20.0% methoxy groups, and mixtures thereof.
- HPMC methoxy and hydroxypropoxy content is expressed according to the United States Pharmacopoeia.
- HPMC 2910, 2906 and 2208 are listed in USP43-NF38.
- Various HPMC grades can be used alone or in combination.
- Preferred HPMC are HPMC 2906, HPMC 2910 and mixtures thereof.
- Enteric cellulose derivatives include enteric polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyacrylic acid copolymers, carboxymethylethylcellulose, hypromellose phthalate (HPMCP) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP).
- HPMCAS hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPPMCP hypromellose phthalate
- CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
- the cellulose derivative is selected from the group consisting of hypromellose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), carboxymethylethylcellulose, hypromellose phthalate (HPMCP) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP).
- HPMCAS hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPC carboxymethylethylcellulose
- CAP cellulose acetate phthalate
- hypromellose is more preferred. Embodiments thereof are described herein.
- Gelatin can be alkali-treated gelatin extracted from cow or pig bones, acid-treated gelatin extracted from cow hide, pig hide, or fish scales, or mixed gelatin made by dissolving and mixing the above alkali-treated gelatin and acid-treated gelatin.
- the amount of film-forming polymer in the coating is preferably at least 75 wt%, at least 77.5 wt%, at least 80 wt%, at least 82.5 wt%, at least 85 wt%, at least 87.5 wt%, at least 90 wt%, at least 92.5 wt%, at least 95 wt%, or at least 97.5 wt%, said weight percentages being relative to the dry weight of the coating.
- the amount of film-forming polymer ranges preferably from 83.3 to 99.75% by weight, more preferably from 90.9 to 98.0% by weight, even more preferably from 92.6 to 95.2% by weight, based on the dry weight of the film.
- Magnesium oxide can be added in an amount of 0.25 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, more preferably 5 to 8% by weight, based on the weight (dry weight) of the film-forming polymer. If it is more than 20% by weight, the film becomes brittle and easily cracked, and if it is less than 0.25% by weight, no whitening will occur or the color will be too pale and light shielding cannot be expected.
- the hard capsule shell coating, and the hard capsule shell formed thereby consists only of film-forming polymer and magnesium oxide, excluding water in the form of residual moisture.
- the hard capsule shell film and the hard capsule shell formed thereby consist only of a film-forming polymer and magnesium oxide, excluding water in the form of residual moisture, the film-forming polymer and magnesium oxide in the dry film or dry capsule shell.
- the weight ratio range of is as follows. 83.33-99.75% by weight of film-forming polymer and 0.25-16.67% by weight of magnesium oxide, preferably 90.91-98.04% by weight of film-forming polymer and 1% by weight of magnesium oxide. .96 to 9.09% by weight, more preferably 92.59 to 95.24% by weight of film-forming polymer and 4.76 to 7.41% by weight of magnesium oxide.
- Addition of magnesium oxide tends to reduce the elongation rate of the film, making it more susceptible to cracking upon impact, but the elongation rate can be improved by adding a plasticizer.
- plasticizers include xylitol, fructose, sorbitan fatty acid ester, triethyl citrate, glycerin, sorbitol (sorbitol/sorbitan liquid), mannitol, trehalose, vegetable oil (sesame oil, castor oil), medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, triacetin, phthalate ester. (dioctyl phthalate), phytosterols, propylene glycol, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol (macrogol), etc.
- Preferred plasticizers are sorbitan fatty acid esters, more preferably sorbitan monolaurate (CAS1338-39-2, sorbitan monolaurate).
- the content of the plasticizer is preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 2.5% by weight, even more preferably 0. .3 to 1.5% by weight. If it is less than 0.01% by weight or more than 10% by weight, the plasticizing effect may be impaired.
- the hard capsule shell coating, the hard capsule shell formed by the coating consists only of a film-forming polymer, magnesium oxide, and a plasticizer, excluding water in the form of residual moisture.
- the hard capsule shell film when the hard capsule shell formed by the film consists only of a film-forming polymer, magnesium oxide, and a plasticizer, excluding water in the form of residual moisture, the dry film or the film based on the weight of the dry capsule shell.
- the possible content ranges of forming polymer, magnesium oxide and plasticizer are as follows: 76.92-99.74% by weight of film-forming polymer, 0.25-15.38% by weight of magnesium oxide and 0.01-7.69% by weight of plasticizer; Preferably, 86.96-97.94% by weight of film-forming polymer, 1.96-8.70% by weight of magnesium oxide and 0.05-4.35% by weight of plasticizer; More preferably, 91.32-94.97% by weight of film-forming polymer, 4.75-7.31% by weight of magnesium oxide and 0.28-1.37% by weight of plasticizer.
- the hard capsule shell film of the present invention may contain gelling agents, gelling aids, pH adjusters, sweeteners, acidulants, preservatives, fragrances, binders, etc., depending on the type of film-forming polymer used and the purpose of use. It may also contain a thickener, a coloring agent other than magnesium oxide, etc. as appropriate.
- Colorants are usually distinguished as either dyes or pigments, with dyes being defined as colorants that are soluble in the application medium. That is, the dye is soluble in the film-forming polymer solution of the hard capsule shell coating. Pigments, on the other hand, are defined as colorants that are insoluble in the application medium, ie the film-forming polymer solution of the hard capsule shell coating.
- the colorant contained in the hard capsule shell film preferably has a color other than white.
- the hard capsule shell coating does not include the white colorant titanium oxide.
- the hard capsule shell coating does not include titanium oxide.
- the hard capsule shell coating does not include the white colorant calcium carbonate.
- the hard capsule shell coating is free of calcium carbonate.
- the hard capsule shell coating is free of the white colorant titanium oxide and free of the white colorant calcium carbonate. In one embodiment, the hard capsule shell coating is titanium oxide free and calcium carbonate free. In one embodiment, the hard capsule shell coating does not include white colorants (also referred to as white colorants) other than magnesium oxide. In the case of colorants, the hard capsule shell coating may include one or more colorants other than magnesium oxide. Preferably, any such colorant has a color other than white. The colorant or mixture of colorants can be used, for example, to color the hard capsule shell coating in black, gray or chromatic colors. Chromatic colors refer to all colors other than black, white, and gray.
- the coloring agent may be any colorant that can be used in the pharmaceutical or food fields.
- coloring agents include, for example, laked tar pigments, water-soluble tar pigments and natural pigments, caramel, cochineal pigments, lac pigments, riboflavin, sodium iron chlorophyllin, sodium copper chlorophyllin, copper chlorophyll, iron sesquioxide, Examples include black iron oxide.
- pearlescent luster there are pearl pigments made from a suitable amount of fish scale foil, mother-of-pearl from shellfish, mica, fine powder of silicon dioxide, etc.
- magnesium oxide is the only component in the hard capsule shell coating that provides the white color.
- the hard capsule shell coating is free of other components that provide white color.
- the hard capsule shell coating, and thereby the hard capsule shell is free of residual moisture and contains only a film-forming polymer and magnesium oxide, and optionally a plasticizer and optionally a colorant other than a white colorant. Consisting of Where the hard capsule shell coating and thereby the hard capsule shell consist solely of a film-forming polymer and magnesium oxide, and optionally a plasticizer and optionally a colorant other than a white colorant, excluding water in the form of residual moisture; The hard capsule shell coating, and therefore the hard capsule shell, preferably have at least the following composition, based on the weight of the dry coating or dry capsule shell, respectively.
- a film-forming polymer at least 75% by weight of a film-forming polymer; at least 1% by weight of magnesium oxide; optionally at least 0.1% by weight of plasticizer; Optionally, at least 0.5% by weight of a colorant other than a white colorant.
- the sum of the amounts of film-forming polymer, magnesium oxide, optional plasticizer, and optional colorant other than white colorant is 100% by weight. This also applies to film-forming polymers, magnesium oxide, plasticizers and white colorants as defined herein, all embodiments thereof.
- gelling agents used in the film-forming composition of the present invention include carrageenan, gellan gum, agar, pectin, gelatin, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, curdlan, sodium alginate, glucomannan, tamarind seed gum, methyl cellulose, Examples include, but are not limited to, these.
- the amount of gelling agent is at most 10% by weight, preferably at most 5% by weight, the weight % being based on the weight (dry weight) of the film-forming polymer used.
- the gelling aid used in the film-forming composition of the present invention includes sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, etc., which are suitable for the gelling agent used. These may be used alone or in combination in appropriate amounts.
- the amount of gelling aid is at most 10% by weight, preferably at most 5% by weight, the weight % being based on the weight (dry weight) of the film-forming polymer used.
- Thickeners include alginic acid, furcelleran, tara gum, karaya gum, succinoglycan, xanthan gum, arabic gum, karaya gum, guar gum, tamarind seed gum, tara gum, tragacanth gum, CMC-Ca, CMC-Na, glucosamine, pullulan, polyacrylic acid. These include sodium, curdlan, and modified starch. By using thickeners and binders, it is possible to increase the gel strength and supplement the strength of the film.
- a further subject of the invention is a hard capsule shell, the shell being formed by a hard capsule shell coating as defined herein, including all embodiments thereof.
- a further subject of the invention is a method for preparing a hard capsule shell, the hard capsule shell being prepared by dip molding, the shell of the hard capsule shell being formed by a hard capsule shell coating.
- Hard capsule shell coatings include capsule shell coatings as defined herein and those shown in all embodiments thereof.
- the hard capsule shell according to the present invention can be manufactured by any dip molding method known for preparing hard capsule shells.
- gelatin capsules will be explained.
- 20 to 40 parts by weight of gelatin is uniformly dissolved in high-temperature water to prepare a transparent immersion liquid with a light yellow color derived from gelatin.
- Magnesium oxide and optionally a plasticizer are each added to the immersion liquid in the form of a dispersion and an aqueous solution.
- a stainless steel molded pin is immersed in the immersion liquid and then pulled out.
- the immersion liquid that adheres to the lifted pin is immediately cooled and gelled to ensure the appropriate film thickness for the capsule. After this is dried, unnecessary parts are cut off and a pair of caps are fitted together to manufacture the body.
- Drying conditions include high temperature drying in a 60°C oven for 15 minutes, high temperature drying in a 60°C oven for 30 minutes, or natural drying at room temperature.
- the hard capsule shell may include one or more layers of polymeric coatings, preferably one or more layers of film-forming polymeric coatings. Such layers of polymeric coatings are referred to herein simply as "layers." Regarding the definition of a layer and multiple layers within the meaning of the present invention, each layer is produced in its own process step, separate from the process step that produces the other layer. Typical process steps for preparing one layer can be dip molding, banding, or coating, such as spray coating. In the case of a hard capsule shell having only one layer, this one layer is the hard capsule shell coating described herein. This means that there are no further layers in the hard capsule shell. This means, for example, that there is no band or coating, but only one layer thereof. Preferably, in the case of a hard capsule shell having only one layer, this single layer is the hard capsule shell coating, and this single layer is formed by dip molding.
- the hard capsule shell coating as described herein, preferably formed by dip molding. be done.
- the hard capsule shell has two, three, four or five layers.
- the compositions of the layers may be the same or different, but preferably the compositions of the layers in contact with each other are different. In certain embodiments, all layers have different compositions.
- at least the innermost layer is preferably formed by dip molding.
- the hard capsule shell has two layers, the inner layer being the hard capsule shell coating, preferably the hard capsule shell coating is prepared by dip molding. In one embodiment, the hard capsule shell has two layers, the inner layer being the hard capsule shell coating and the outer layer being a coating or banding, preferably the hard capsule shell coating is prepared by dip molding. In one embodiment, the hard capsule shell has two layers, the inner layer being the hard capsule shell coating and the outer layer being prepared by dip molding, preferably the hard capsule shell coating is prepared by dip molding. In one embodiment, the hard capsule shell has two layers, the inner layer being the hard capsule shell coating and the outer layer being not a band or coating, preferably the hard capsule shell coating is prepared by dip molding.
- the hard capsule shell has two layers, the inner layer being the hard capsule shell coating and the outer layer not being produced by dip molding, preferably the hard capsule shell coating is prepared by dip molding.
- the outer layer can include magnesium oxide.
- the outer layer may contain magnesium oxide as a whitening agent.
- the outer layer may be free of magnesium oxide as a whitening agent. In any of the above embodiments where the hard capsule shell has two layers, the outer layer may be free of magnesium oxide. In one embodiment, when the hard capsule shell comprises more than two layers, at least one of the layers different from the outermost layer, preferably at least the innermost layer, is said hard capsule shell coating and at least one of the other layers is , preferably including magnesium oxide as a whitening agent.
- the outermost layer may be free of magnesium oxide as a whitening agent.
- the outermost layer may be free of magnesium oxide.
- the contents of hard capsules can be shielded from light using magnesium oxide, a health-friendly ingredient that has been used in the pharmaceutical and food industries for some time, without using titanium oxide, which is a concern for its carcinogenicity.
- Magnesium oxide has light-shielding properties that are comparable to those of titanium oxide, so it can be used effectively not only for normal whitening, but also for formulating pharmaceuticals and foods that are unstable to light.
- the light-shielding hard capsule shell of the present invention contains magnesium oxide, its solubility does not decrease and it can maintain stable light-shielding properties over a long period of time. When used with colorants, it can provide opaque, chromaticly colored coatings.
- the present invention further includes the following aspects.
- B The hard capsule shell film according to (A), wherein the hard capsule shell film does not contain a white colorant or calcium carbonate.
- C The hard capsule shell film according to (A) or (B), wherein the hard capsule shell film does not contain a white colorant other than magnesium oxide.
- D The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (C), wherein the particle size of magnesium oxide is 50 ⁇ m or less.
- E The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (D), wherein the magnesium oxide has a particle size distribution with a D10 value of 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- G The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (F), wherein the content of film-forming polymer is at least 75% by weight, based on the dry weight of the capsule shell film.
- H The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (G), wherein the magnesium oxide is heavy magnesium oxide.
- (L) Film-forming polymers include gelatin, polyglutamic acid, cellulose derivatives, pullulan, starch, dextrin, agar, chitosan, acid-treated crushed yeast, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA-methyl methacrylic acid copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (K) selected from the group consisting of PVP). (M) The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (L), further comprising a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid ester, triethyl citrate, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, vegetable oil, medium chain triglyceride, triacetin, phthalate esters, phytosterols, propylene glycol, polysorbate, polyethylene glycol.
- the hard capsule shell film according to selected (M).
- P Hard capsule shell film of (N) whose plasticizer is sorbitan fatty acid ester.
- (Q) The hard capsule shell film according to (P), wherein the plasticizer is sorbitan monolaurate.
- R The hard capsule shell film according to any one of (A) to (Q), which is colored by adding a coloring agent of a color other than white.
- S A hard capsule shell, the shell being formed of the hard capsule film according to any one of (A to (R)).
- T The method for manufacturing a hard capsule shell according to (S), wherein the hard capsule shell is manufactured by dip molding.
- FIG. 1 shows the particle size distribution of food additive grade magnesium oxide.
- FIG. 2A shows the optical transmittance of films obtained from hypromellose (HPMC) solutions in which magnesium oxide is dispersed in the range of 0 to 20% by weight.
- FIG. 2B is a photograph of the film whose light transmittance was measured.
- FIG. 3 shows the light transmittance of a film obtained from a hypromellose (HPMC) solution in which 0 to 15% by weight of magnesium oxide is dispersed.
- Fig. 4A shows the light transmittance of a film obtained from a gelatin solution in which magnesium oxide was dispersed at a rate of 10% relative to the amount of gelatin
- Fig. 4B is a photograph of the film whose light transmittance was measured.
- magnesium oxide was dispersed with sorbitan monolaurate (SML) in ion-exchanged water at a maximum speed of 6600 rpm for 15 minutes, and 40% by weight of magnesium oxide and SML were dispersed. A dispersion containing 2.7% by weight of ion-exchanged water and 57.3% by weight of ion-exchanged water was obtained.
- SML sorbitan monolaurate
- MS-0 Magnetic Oxide Food Grade
- the firing temperature of this product is 600°C.
- the required amount of the dispersion prepared above was dropped into ion-exchanged water, and the particle size distribution of the dispersion was measured at a wavelength of 680 nm using a SALD-2000J laser reflection particle size distribution analyzer manufactured by Shimadzu.
- the values of D10, D50, and D90 were 0.801, 2.577, and 5.739, respectively. From FIG. 1 it can be seen that the particle size is less than 50 ⁇ m, less than 45 ⁇ m, less than 40 ⁇ m, less than 35 ⁇ m, less than 30 ⁇ m.
- a 20 x 20 x 0.3 cm glass plate was preheated to 70°C and the film was drawn using a film applicator to a thickness of 100 um when dry and immediately placed in a 60°C oven to dry for 15 minutes. It was cut into strips measuring 1 cm long x 10 cm wide, and kept in a humidity control box with a relative humidity of 2.5% RH for 7 days to adjust the moisture content. Thereafter, the film was pulled at a speed of 5 mm/min using a universal testing machine model 68TM-5 manufactured by INSTRON, and the percent elongation of the film until it was cut was measured (Table 3). As the magnesium oxide content increases, the elongation rate of the film decreases.
- MS-2 was used as magnesium oxide, and the elongation rate of the film was measured in the same manner as above.
- MS-2 has a higher film elongation rate than MS-0, which indicates that the film has better elongation.
- Example (C) to (D) and (F) below the hypromellose used in (B) was used.
- MS-0 and MS-2 were used as magnesium oxide, and in (F), MS-0 was used.
- MS-2 was used as magnesium oxide, and the elongation rate of the film was measured in the same manner as above.
- (D) Light-shielding effect of magnesium oxide A film produced in the same manner as in (B) by adding 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of magnesium oxide (MS-0) based on the weight of hypromellose to a hypromellose solution.
- the light transmittance of the film containing no magnesium oxide was measured using a Shimadzu UV-1900i at a wavelength of 190 nm to 1100 nm (FIGS. 2A and 2B and Table 5).
- the light transmittance was also measured for films produced in the same manner as in (B) by dispersing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 7.5% and 15% magnesium oxide in the hypromellose solution ( Figure 3, Table 5).
- MS-2 was used as magnesium oxide, and the light transmittance was measured in the same manner as above.
- the light transmittance of MS-2 is lower than that of MS-0, indicating better light blocking performance.
- MS-2 was used as magnesium oxide, and the light transmittance was measured in the same manner as above.
- the light transmittance of MS-2 is lower than that of MS-0, indicating better light blocking performance.
- Capsule dissolution test A 40% by weight aqueous magnesium oxide dispersion was used to prepare a dispersion containing 20% by weight of hypromellose and 7.5% by weight of magnesium oxide and 0.5% by weight of SML based on the weight of hypromellose.
- hypromellose was thermally gelated by immersing a metal mold for capsules heated to 80° C. to manufacture size 1 hypromellose capsules.
- This capsule was filled with 280 mg of acetaminophen powder, and a dissolution test was conducted using a model NTR-6300A dissolution tester manufactured by Toyama Sangyo under the conditions of a USP pH 1.2 solution at 37°C, a sinker, and a paddle rotation speed of 50 rpm.
- 20 size 1 hypromellose capsules were manufactured under the same manufacturing conditions without the addition of magnesium oxide.
- the average values of the dissolution rates of the six capsules were as follows (Table 7).
- the present invention it is possible to impart light-shielding properties to the capsule shell by using magnesium oxide, which has traditionally been safely used as a medicine, as a light-shielding agent, rather than titanium oxide, which is known to have health problems.
- the light-shielding capsules obtained according to the present invention retain their solubility, can maintain stable light-shielding properties over a long period of time, and can provide an opaque colored film when used with pigments. Therefore, it can be safely used especially in capsules filled with contents such as medicines, veterinary medicines, agricultural chemicals, cosmetics, and health foods, and is very useful.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、内閣府の食品安全委員会によれば、2020年に、フランス食品環境労働衛生安全庁(ANSES)により、食品中のナノ材料、いわゆるナノ粒子の特定及び消費者の健康リスク評価に関する意見書が公表され、ナノ粒子が含まれる食品添加物材料として、炭酸カルシウムはその評価対象とされている。したがって、カプセルに対する炭酸カルシウムの使用については安全性の問題が生じている。(ウェブサイトhttps://www.fsc.go.jp/fsciis/foodSafetyMaterial/show/syu05400370475を参照)
(Baan R, Staif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, Ghissassi F, Cogliano V. on behalf of the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group(2006)Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talk.)The Lancet Oncology 2006 Vo.7, Issue 4, Pages 295-296
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70651-9)
また、特許文献4には、外層に酸化マグネシウムを含有する層を設けたゼラチンカプセルシェルが記載されている。この層は、ゼラチンカプセルの口腔粘膜への張り付きを防止するために付加されたものであり、カプセルシェルの一番外側に設ける必要がある。
さまざまな相対湿度条件下での保管に十分な安定性を備えたカプセルが望まれる。機械的特性は、例えば、カプセルの破壊および弾性挙動(例えば、チューブ試験による)、上部強度(例えばカプセル上部圧縮試験による)、およびプレ・ロックフォース強度(例えば、ボディとキャップの仮結合時に要する力であるプレ・ロックフォース測定試験による)である。これらは、許容範囲内にある必要がある重要なパラメータになる可能性がある。あるいは、機械的挙動を評価するために、ゲル化組成物によって形成された皮膜について、伸び率(例:フィルム引張試験による)、破断時の変形(例:フィルム引張試験による)、耐衝撃性(例:破壊試験の衝撃エネルギー)、溶出液による貫通時間(例えば、貫通時間測定試験による)、または耐パンク性(例えば、パンクテストによる)等を測定することができる。カプセルの十分な遮光特性と適切な機械的特性の間でバランスを見つける必要がある。
[1]ハードカプセルシェル皮膜からなるハードカプセルシェルであって、
ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムを含み、白色着色剤の酸化チタンを含まないハードカプセルシェル皮膜であって、
ハードカプセルシェルは1層のみを有し、この1層が前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜である、または
ハードカプセルシェルは1層以上の層を有し、最外層とは異なる少なくとも1層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜である
前記ハードカプセルシェル。
[2] 前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色着色剤の炭酸カルシウムを含まない、[1]に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[3] 前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化マグネシウム以外の白色着色剤を含まない、[1]または[2]に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[4] 酸化マグネシウムの粒子径が50μm以下である[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[5] 酸化マグネシウムが、0.1~2.0μmのD10値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[6] 酸化マグネシウムが、4~45μmのD90値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する、[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[7] 皮膜形成性ポリマーの含有量が、カプセルシェル皮膜の乾燥重量に基づいて少なくとも75重量%である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[8] 酸化マグネシウムが重質酸化マグネシウムである[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[9] 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマー重量の0.25~20重量%である[1]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[10] 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の2~10重量%である、[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[11] 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の5~8重量%である、[1]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[12] 皮膜形成性ポリマーは、ゼラチン、ポリグルタミン酸、セルロース誘導体、プルラン、スターチ、デキストリン、寒天、キトサン、酸処理破砕酵母、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、PVA-メチルメタクリル酸共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)からなる群から選択される[1]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[13] さらに可塑剤を含む[1]~[12]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[14] 可塑剤は、キシリトール、フルクトース、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、クエン酸トリエチル、グリセリン、ソルビトール、マンニトール、トレハロース、植物油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、トリアセチン、フタル酸エステル類、フィトステロール、プロピレングリコール、ポリソルベート、ポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される[13]に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[15] 可塑剤の含有量は皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の0.01~10重量%である[13]または[14]のハードカプセルシェル。
[16] 可塑剤がソルビタン脂肪酸エステルである[14]のハードカプセルシェル。
[17] 可塑剤がソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステルである、[16]に6
記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[18] 白色以外の色の着色剤を加えて着色した[1]~[17]のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
[19]
請求項1に記載のハードカプセルシェルの製造方法であって、皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムを含むハードカプセルシェル皮膜がディップ成形により製造される、前記ハードカプセルシェルの製造方法。
特に明記されていない限り、単位「um」は単位「μm」、つまり「マイクロメートル」と同じ意味である。
本発明で使用する酸化マグネシウムは、700℃以上、好ましくは800℃以上、より好ましくは900℃以上、さらに好ましくは少なくとも925℃の焼成温度で製造される。特定の実施形態における焼成温度は、950℃および1300℃である。
ハードカプセルシェル皮膜の遮光剤として使用される酸化マグネシウムは、好ましくは、50μm以下、45μm以下、40μm以下、35μm以下、30μm以下、25μm以下、20μm以下、または15μm以下の粒子サイズを有する。50μmを超える場合は皮膜強度の低下が大きくなる。
D50およびD100の値は、それぞれ次のように定義される。すなわち、D50またはD100の値は、それぞれ粒子の50%または100%がD50またはD100値より小さい粒径を有する粒径であることを意味する。
一実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、2.0μm以下、好ましくは1.5μm以下、より好ましくは1.0μm以下のD10値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する。
一実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、0.1μm以上のD10値を有す
る粒子サイズ分布を有する。
一実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、0.1から2.0μm、好ましくは0.1から1.5μm、より好ましくは0.1~1μmのD10値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する。
別の実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、20μm以下、好ましくは15μm以下、より好ましくは10μm以下、さらにより好ましくは7.5μm以下、特に5μm以下、より具体的には2μm以下、さらにより具体的には1.5μm以下、特に1.25μm以下のD90値の粒度分布を有する。好ましくは、酸化マグネシウムは、4μm以上のD90値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する。
別の好ましい実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、0.3μm以上のD90値の粒度分布を有する。好ましくは、酸化マグネシウムは、4~45μm、好ましくは4~40μm、より好ましくは4~35μm、さらにより好ましくは4~30μm、特に4~25μm、より具体的には4~20μm、さらにより具体的には4~15μm、4~10μm、特に4~9μmのD90値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する。
別の好ましい実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、0.3~20μm、好ましくは0.3~15μm、より好ましくは0.3~10μm、さらにより好ましくは0.3~7.5μm、特に0.3~5μm、より具体的には0.3~2μm、さらにより具体的には0.3~1.5μm、特に0.3~1.25μmのD90値の粒度分布を有する。
一実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、0.1~2.0μmのD10値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有し、4~45μmのD90値を有する。
別の実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、D10値が0.1~2.0μm、D90 値が0.3~20μmの粒径分布を有する。
好ましくは、酸化マグネシウムは、0.1~1.5μmのD10値および5.0~8.0μmのD90値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する。別の好ましい実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、D10値が0.1~1.0μm、D90値は 0.3~7.5μmの粒径分布を有する。
酸化マグネシウムは、軽質酸化マグネシウム、重質酸化マグネシウム共に遮光剤として使用することができるが、重質酸化マグネシウムがより好ましい。
酸化マグネシウムのグレードの例を表1に示す。
腸溶性セルロース誘導体には、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート(HPMCAS)、ポリアクリル酸共重合体、カルボキシメチルエチルセルロース、ヒプロメロースフタル酸エステル(HPMCP)および酢酸フタル酸セルロース(CAP)などの腸溶性ポリマーが含まれる。
皮膜形成性ポリマーの量の範囲は、皮膜の乾燥重量に対して、好ましくは83.3~99.75重量%、より好ましくは90.9~98.0重量%、さらにより好ましくは92.6~95.2重量%である。
本発明の一実施形態において、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜、およびそれにより形成される前記ハードカプセルシェルが残留水分の形態の水を除いて皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムのみからなる。
前記のハードカプセルシェル皮膜およびそれにより形成される前記ハードカプセルシェルが残留水分の形態の水を除いて皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムのみからなる場合は、乾燥皮膜または乾燥カプセルシェルにおける皮膜形成ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムの重量比の範囲は、次のとおりである。
皮膜形成性ポリマーが83.33~99.75重量%および酸化マグネシウムが0.25~16.67重量%、好ましくは、皮膜形成性ポリマーが90.91~98.04重量%および酸化マグネシウムが1.96~9.09重量%、より好ましくは、皮膜形成性ポリマーが92.59~95.24重量%および酸化マグネシウムが4.76~7.41重量%である。酸化マグネシウムの添加により、皮膜の伸長率が低下する傾向があり、衝撃に対し割れやすくなるが、可塑剤を添加することにより伸長率を改善することができる。
本発明の一実施形態では、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜、該皮膜で形成される前記ハードカプセルシェルは、残留水分の形態の水を除いて、皮膜形成性ポリマー、酸化マグネシウム、および可塑剤のみからなる。前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜、前記該皮膜で形成されるハードカプセルシェルが残留水分の形態の水を除いて皮膜形成性ポリマー、酸化マグネシウムおよび可塑剤のみからなる場合、乾燥皮膜または乾燥カプセルシェルの重量に基づく皮膜形成性ポリマー、酸化マグネシウムおよび可塑剤の可能な含有量の範囲は次のとおりである。
皮膜形成性ポリマー76.92~99.74 重量%、酸化マグネシウム0.25~15.38重量%および可塑剤0.01~7.69重量%;
好ましくは、皮膜形成性ポリマー86.96~97.94 重量%、酸化マグネシウム1.96~8.70 重量%および可塑剤0.05~4.35重量%;
より好ましくは、皮膜形成性ポリマー91.32~94.97重量%、酸化マグネシウム4.75~7.31重量%および可塑剤0.28~1.37重量%。
ハードカプセルシェル皮膜に含まれる着色剤は、好ましくは白色以外の色を有する。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色着色剤の酸化チタンを含まない。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化チタンを含まない。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色着色剤の炭酸カルシウムを含まない。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は炭酸カルシウムを含まない。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色着色剤の酸化チタンを含まず、白色着色剤の炭酸カルシウムを含まない。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化チタンを含まず、炭酸カルシウムを含まない。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化マグネシウム以外の白色の着色剤(白色着色剤とも呼ばれる)を含まない。
着色剤の場合、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化マグネシウム以外の1つまたは複数の着色剤を含み得る。好ましくは、そのような任意の着色剤は、白以外の色を有する。前記着色剤または着色剤の混合物は、例えば、黒、灰色、または有彩色でハードカプセルシェル皮膜を着色するために使用することができる。有彩色とは、黒、白、灰色以外のすべての色を指す。
好ましい実施形態では、酸化マグネシウムは、白色を提供するハードカプセルシェル皮膜中の唯一の成分である。好ましい実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色を提供する他の成分を含まない。
前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜およびそれによるハードカプセルシェルが、残留水分の形態の水を除き、皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウム、ならびに任意選択で可塑剤および任意選択で白色着色剤以外の着色剤のみからなる場合、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜、およびそれによるハードカプセルシェルは、好ましくは、それぞれ、乾燥皮膜または乾燥カプセルシェルの重量に基づいて、少なくとも以下の組成を有する。
少なくとも75重量%の皮膜形成性ポリマー、
少なくとも1重量%の酸化マグネシウム、
場合により、少なくとも0.1重量%の可塑剤;
場合により、少なくとも0.5重量%の白色着色剤以外の着色剤。
皮膜形成性ポリマー、酸化マグネシウム、場合により添加される可塑剤、および場合により添加される白色着色剤以外の着色剤の量の合計は100重量%である。これは、皮膜形成性ポリマー、酸化マグネシウム、可塑剤および本明細書で定義される白色着色剤、それらのすべての実施形態についても同様である。
本発明のさらなる主題は、ハードカプセルシェルを調製するための方法であり、ハードカプセルシェルは、ディップ成形によって調製され、ハードカプセルシェルのシェルは、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜によって形成される。ハードカプセルシェル皮膜には、ここに定義されるカプセルシェル皮膜、およびそのすべての実施形態で示されるハードカプセルシェル皮膜が含まれる。
一つの層を調製するための典型的なプロセスステップは、ディップ成形、バンディング、またはスプレーコーティングなどのコーティングであり得る。
一つの層のみを有するハードカプセルシェルの場合、この一つの層は、本明細書に記載されたハードカプセルシェル皮膜である。これは、ハードカプセルシェルにはそれ以上の層がないことを意味する。 これは、たとえば、バンドやコーティングが施されておらず、その一つの層のみであることを意味する。
好ましくは、一層のみのハードカプセルシェルの場合、この一層が前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、この一層がディップ成形により形成される。
二層以上のハードカプセルシェルの場合、好ましくは、ハードカプセルシェルは二、三、四または五層を有する。 二層以上の場合、層の組成は同一であっても異なっていてもよいが、好ましくは、互いに接触する層の組成は異なる。 特定の実施形態においては、すべての層が互いに異なる組成を有する。
二層以上の場合、少なくとも最内層はディップ成形により形成することが好ましい。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェルは二層を有し、内層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、好ましくは前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜はディップ成形によって調製される。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェルは二層を有し、内層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、外層はコーティングまたはバンディングであり、好ましくは、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜がディップ成形によって調製される。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェルは二層を有し、内層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、外層はディップ成形によって調製され、好ましくは前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜はディップ成形によって調製される。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェルは二層を有し、内層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、外層はバンドまたはコーティングではなく、好ましくは前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜はディップ成形によって調製される。
一実施形態では、ハードカプセルシェルは二層を有し、内層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、外層はディップ成形によって製造されておらず、好ましくは前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜はディップ成形によって調製される。
ハードカプセルシェルが2つの層を有する前記の実施形態のいずれにおいても、外層は酸化マグネシウムを含むことができる。 好ましくは、外層は白色化剤として酸化マグネシウムを含むことができる。
ハードカプセルシェルが2層を有する上述の実施形態のいずれにおいても、外層は酸化マグネシウムを含まなくてもよい。
一実施形態において、ハードカプセルシェルが二つより多い層を含む場合、最外層とは異なる層の少なくとも一つ、好ましくは少なくとも最内層は、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、他の層の少なくとも一つは、 好ましくは白色化剤として酸化マグネシウムを含むことができる。
一実施形態において、ハードカプセルシェルが二つより多い層を含む場合、最外層とは異なる層の少なくとも1つ、好ましくは少なくとも最内層は、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、他の層の少なくとも一つ、 好ましくは最外層は、白色化剤としての酸化マグネシウムを含まなくてよい。
一実施形態において、硬質カプセルシェルが二つより多い層を含む場合、最外層とは異なる層の少なくとも一つ、好ましくは少なくとも最内層は、前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜であり、他の層の少なくとも一つ、 好ましくは、最外層は酸化マグネシウムを含まなくてもよい。
(A) 皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムを含み、白色着色剤、酸化チタンを含まない、ハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(B) 前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色着色剤、炭酸カルシウムを含まない、(A)に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(C) 前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化マグネシウム以外の白色着色剤を含まない、(A)または(B)に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(D) 酸化マグネシウムの粒子径が50μm以下である(A)~(C)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(E) 酸化マグネシウムが、0.1~2.0μmのD10値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する、(A)~(D)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(F) 酸化マグネシウムが、4~45μmのD90値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する、(A)~(E)請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(G) 皮膜形成性ポリマーの含有量が、カプセルシェル皮膜の乾燥重量に基づいて少なくとも75重量%である、(A)~(F)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(H) 酸化マグネシウムが重質酸化マグネシウムである(A)~(G)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(I) 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の0.25~20重量%である(A)~(H)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(J) 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の2~10重量%である、(A)~(I)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(K) 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の5~8重量%である、(A)~(J)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(L)皮膜形成性ポリマーは、ゼラチン、ポリグルタミン酸、セルロース誘導体、プルラン、スターチ、デキストリン、寒天、キトサン、酸処理破砕酵母、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、PVA-メチルメタクリル酸共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)からなる群から選択される(A)~(K)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(M)さらに可塑剤を含む(A)~(L)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(N) 可塑剤は、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、クエン酸トリエチル、グリセリン、ソルビトール、マンニトール、トレハロース、植物油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、トリアセチン、フタル酸エステル類、フィトステロール、プロピレングリコール、ポリソルベート、ポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される(M)に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(O) 可塑剤の含有量は皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の0.01~10重量%である(M)または(N)のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(P) 可塑剤がソルビタン脂肪酸エステルである(N)のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(Q) 可塑剤がソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステルである、(P)に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(R) 白色以外の色の着色剤を加えて着色した(A)~(Q)のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル皮膜。
(S)ハードカプセルシェルであってシェルが(A~(R)のいずれか一項に記載のハードカプセルシャル皮膜により形成されるハードカプセルシェル。
(T)(S)に記載されたハードカプセルシェルの製造方法であって、前記ハードカプセルシェルはディップ成形により製造される、前記製造方法。
IKA社製T50 ULTRA TURRAXを用いて、酸化マグネシウムをソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステル(SML)とともにイオン交換水中で最高速度6600rpmで15分間分散させ、酸化マグネシウム 40重量%、SML 2.7重量%、イオン交換水 57.3重量%を含む分散液を得た。酸化マグネシウムとして、富田製薬株式会社の「酸化マグネシウム食品グレード」(MS-0)を使用した。この製品の焼成温度は600℃である。
上記で作成した分散液を必要量イオン交換水に滴下して、島津製SALD-2000Jレーザー反射式粒子径分布測定器により波長680nmで分散液の粒度分布を測定した。その結果D10、D50、D90の値はそれぞれ0.801、2.577、5.739 であった。図1から、粒子サイズは50μm未満、45μm未満、40μm未満、35μm未満、30μm未満であることがわかる。
ヒプロメロース(HPMC2906)の室温水溶液に、室温の40重量%酸化マグネシウム(MS-0)の水分散液を加えてヒプロメロースの(固形分)濃度が20重量%、ヒプロメロース重量に対する酸化マグネシウムの割合が0.5、7.5、15重量%である溶液3種類を作成した。ヒプロメロースは、信越化学工業製のHPMC2906を使用した。上記の液を良く攪拌して脱泡したのち、CAMAG皮膜アプリケーターを使用し、以下の方法で皮膜を作成した。20×20×0.3cmのガラス板を70℃に予熱し、皮膜アプリケーターを使用して、皮膜を乾燥時に100umの厚さに引っ張り、すぐに60℃のオーブンに入れて15分間乾燥させた。それを縦1cm×横10cmの短冊に切り抜き、相対湿度2.5%RHの湿度制御ボックス内に7日保管して水分調整を行った。その後INSTRON社製万能試験機モデル68TM-5により、5mm/minの速度で引っ張り、皮膜が切断されるまでの皮膜の伸長率%を測定した(表3)。酸化マグネシウム含量が増加すると皮膜の伸張率は減少していく。
以下の(C)~(E)の実施例では酸化マグネシウムとしてMS-0 およびMS-2を使用し、(F)ではMS-0を使用した。
40重量%の酸化マグネシウム(MS-0)分散液を用い、ヒプロメロースに対して酸化マグネシウムが0.5、7.5、15重量%の分散液を調製し、ヒプロメロース重量に対してソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステル(SML;CAS1338-39-2)を表2の処方で含む5種類の皮膜を作成し、(B)と同様の方法で乾燥、水分調整した後に万能試験機にて皮膜伸長率を測定した。(表4)
ヒプロメロース溶液に、ヒプロメロースの重量に対して酸化マグネシウム(MS-0)を5%、10%、15%、20%を添加し(B)と同様に製造した皮膜と、酸化マグネシウムを含まない皮膜について島津製作所製UV-1900iにて波長190nmから1100nmの光透過率を測定した(図2A、2Bおよび表5)。
同様に、ヒプロメロース溶液に酸化マグネシウムを0.25,0.5、1、2、7.5%および15%分散させ、(B)と同様にして製造した皮膜についても光透過率を測定した(図3、表5)。
ルセロ社製豚皮ゼラチン(酸処理ゼラチン)、及び新田ゼラチン製牛骨ゼラチン(アルカリ処理ゼラチン)を100/0、80/20、60/40、50/50、40/60、0/100%の重量比で30重量%になるように溶かした6種類の50℃ゼラチン水溶液に、(A)で作成した酸化マグネシウム(MS-0)分散液をゼラチン重量に対して10重量%を添加し、良く攪拌して脱泡したのち、皮膜作成機を使って乾燥後の厚みが100μmとなる皮膜を作成した(図4B)。(D)と同じ方法で皮膜の光透過率を測定した(図4A、表6)。
40重量%酸化マグネシウム水分散液を用い、20重量%のヒプロメロースおよびヒプロメロース重量に対して酸化マグネシウム7.5重量%、SML0.5重量%を含む分散液を調製した。カプスゲル社製ハードカプセル製造機により、80℃に熱したカプセルの金属金型を浸漬してヒプロメロースを熱ゲル化させ、サイズ1号のヒプロメロースカプセルを製造した。このカプセルにアセトアミノフェン粉末280mgを充填し、富山産業製モデルNTR-6300A溶出試験機を用い、37℃のUSP pH1.2溶液、シンカーあり、パドル回転数50rpmの条件で溶出試験を実施した。参照品として、同じ製造条件で酸化マグネシウムを添加しないサイズ1号の20ヒプロメロースカプセルを製造した。カプセル6個の溶出率の平均値は次のとおりであった(表7)。
Claims (19)
- ハードカプセルシェル皮膜からなるハードカプセルシェルであって、
ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムを含み、白色着色剤の酸化チタンを含まないハードカプセルシェル皮膜であって、
ハードカプセルシェルは一層のみを有し、この一層が前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜である、または
ハードカプセルシェルは一層より多い層を有し、最外層とは異なる少なくとも一層は前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜である
前記ハードカプセルシェル。 - 前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、白色着色剤の炭酸カルシウムを含まない、請求項1に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 前記ハードカプセルシェル皮膜は、酸化マグネシウム以外の白色着色剤を含まない、請求項1または2に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムの粒子径が50μm以下である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムが、0.1~2.0μmのD10値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムが、4~45μmのD90値を有する粒子サイズ分布を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 皮膜形成性ポリマーの含有量が、カプセルシェル皮膜の乾燥重量に基づいて少なくとも75重量%である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムが重質酸化マグネシウムである請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマー重量の0.25~20重量%である請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の2~10重量%である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 酸化マグネシウムの含有量が皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の5~8重量%である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 皮膜形成性ポリマーは、ゼラチン、ポリグルタミン酸、セルロース誘導体、プルラン、スターチ、デキストリン、寒天、キトサン、酸処理破砕酵母、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、PVA-メチルメタクリル酸共重合体、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)からなる群から選択される請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- さらに可塑剤を含む請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 可塑剤は、キシリトール、フルクトース、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、クエン酸トリエチル、グリセリン、ソルビトール、マンニトール、トレハロース、植物油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセライド、トリアセチン、フタル酸エステル類、フィトステロール、プロピレングリコール、ポリソルベート、ポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される請求項13に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 可塑剤の含有量は皮膜成形性ポリマーの乾燥重量の0.01~10重量%である請求項13または14のハードカプセルシェル。
- 可塑剤がソルビタン脂肪酸エステルである請求項14のハードカプセルシェル。
- 可塑剤がソルビタンモノラウリン酸エステルである、請求項16に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 白色以外の色の着色剤を加えて着色した請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載のハードカプセルシェル。
- 請求項1に記載のハードカプセルシェルの製造方法であって、皮膜形成性ポリマーおよび酸化マグネシウムを含むハードカプセルシェル皮膜がディップ成形により製造される、前記ハードカプセルシェルの製造方法。
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| CN202380066837.3A CN119907688A (zh) | 2022-09-20 | 2023-09-19 | 含有氧化镁的遮光硬胶囊 |
| JP2024548246A JPWO2024063039A1 (ja) | 2022-09-20 | 2023-09-19 | |
| EP23868160.5A EP4591883A1 (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2023-09-19 | Light-shielding hard capsule containing magnesium oxide |
| KR1020257012623A KR20250073234A (ko) | 2022-09-20 | 2023-09-19 | 산화마그네슘을 함유하는 차광성 하드 캡슐 |
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- 2023-09-19 KR KR1020257012623A patent/KR20250073234A/ko active Pending
- 2023-09-19 WO PCT/JP2023/033846 patent/WO2024063039A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-19 CN CN202380066837.3A patent/CN119907688A/zh active Pending
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| EP4591883A1 (en) | 2025-07-30 |
| KR20250073234A (ko) | 2025-05-27 |
| JPWO2024063039A1 (ja) | 2024-03-28 |
| CN119907688A (zh) | 2025-04-29 |
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