WO2023110929A2 - Nouveau catalyseur hétérogène bimétallique, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation pour la synthèse d'éthylène glycol à partir de monoxyde de carbone - Google Patents
Nouveau catalyseur hétérogène bimétallique, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation pour la synthèse d'éthylène glycol à partir de monoxyde de carbone Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- Ethylene glycol is an important material in the chemical industry, allowing the production of textile fibers and polyester resins.
- One route of ethylene glycol synthesis is the hydrogenation of oxalates. Oxalates are raw materials with high added value in the chemical industry. They are used on a large scale to produce various dyes, drugs, solvents, extractants and various intermediates in the fine chemical industry.
- a traditional method of producing oxalates uses the esterification of oxalic acid with alcohols. This production technique is expensive, energy-intensive, polluting and leads to an unreasonable use of raw materials.
- the carbonylation reaction from CO leading to the formation of oxalate, and the hydrogenation reaction from oxalate to ethylene glycol are catalyzed by two very different catalysts.
- the carbonylation step is carried out with a heterogeneous catalyst based on palladium
- the hydrogenation step is carried out with a catalyst based on copper.
- copper does not catalyze the formation of oxalate
- palladium does not allow the hydrogenation of oxalic derivatives into ethylene glycol.
- the two steps therefore use very distinct catalysts with different transition metals, which can be a major challenge in a large-scale industrial process.
- a heterogeneous catalyst is sought which allows an efficient synthesis of ethylene glycol which is clean for the environment, easily industrializable and secure.
- the use of a catalyst which can on the one hand catalyze the carbonylation reaction of alcohol to oxalate and can on the other hand also catalyze the hydrogenation reaction of oxalate to ethylene glycol in a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol, has an interest and an industrial advantage in practical and material terms.
- One of the aims of the invention is to propose a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol, in two catalyzed reaction stages using a single catalyst of the same nature, the two reaction stages being the carbonylation of alcohol to oxalate and the hydrogenation of oxalate to ethylene glycol.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol in two reaction stages of carbonylation and hydrogenation exhibiting effective yields and high selectivity.
- Another object of the invention is the preparation of ethylene glycol not using toxic reagents such as nitrates.
- Another object of the invention is the preparation of ethylene glycol, using recyclable or recycled reagents such as CO 2 or CO and an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a new heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst on a support. Another object of the invention is to provide a heterogeneous catalyst that can be used in a continuous flow process. Another object of the present invention is to provide a simple, industrializable and optimized process for the preparation of this catalyst.
- a first object of the present invention is the use of a supported bimetallic catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support, comprising palladium and a metal M on a support, in which M represents Cu or Ag, in the implementation of a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from an alcohol, comprising two reaction stages catalyzed by said same bimetallic catalyst, in particular in which the first catalyzed reaction stage is an oxidative carbonylation, from an alcohol, of carbon and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as reaction intermediate, and in which the second catalyzed reaction step is a hydrogenation reaction of said oxalate compound by hydrogen to obtain ethylene glycol.
- the term "same catalyst” means a catalyst of the same nature whose characteristics are identical to those of the catalyst to which reference is made, that is to say in particular the physical, chemical and surface characteristics, in particular the nature of the metals and the support, their proportions, the size and the morphology of the particles
- the inventors have surprisingly observed the possibility of using palladium-copper or palladium-silver bimetallic catalysts on a support to catalyze the carbonylation reaction of alcohol to oxalate and the hydrogenation reaction of oxalate to ethylene glycol. The two reactions can take place without prior treatment of the catalyst by a stage of reduction of the metals under hydrogen.
- the invention relates to the use of a supported bimetallic catalyst of formula Pd-Cu/Support, in the implementation of a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from an alcohol, comprising two reaction steps catalyzed by said same bimetallic catalyst, in particular: in which the first catalyzed reaction step is an oxidative carbonylation, starting from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as a reaction intermediate, and in which the catalyzed second reaction step is a hydrogenation reaction of said oxalate compound with hydrogen to obtain ethylene glycol.
- the first catalyzed reaction step is an oxidative carbonylation, starting from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as a reaction intermediate
- the catalyzed second reaction step is a hydrogenation reaction of
- the inventors also unexpectedly observed that the use of the bimetallic Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst made it possible to obtain yields of the reaction stages of oxidative carbonylation and hydrogenation in the preparation of ethylene glycol, higher than those obtained with corresponding monometallic catalysts Pd/ZrO 2 and Cu/ZrO 2 , demonstrating a synergistic effect of the bimetallic catalyst for the carbonylation and for the hydrogenation.
- the invention relates to the use of a supported bimetallic catalyst of formula Pd-Ag/Support, in the implementation of a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol from an alcohol, comprising two reaction steps catalyzed by said same bimetallic catalyst, in particular: in which the first catalyzed reaction step is an oxidative carbonylation, starting from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as a reaction intermediate, and wherein the second catalyzed reaction step is a hydrogenation reaction of said oxalate compound with hydrogen to obtain ethylene glycol.
- the first catalyzed reaction step is an oxidative carbonylation, starting from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as a reaction intermediate
- the second catalyzed reaction step is a hydrogenation reaction of said
- the invention is based on the use of the same catalyst, namely a catalyst having the same characteristics, which can make it possible to catalyze two different reaction stages used in the process for the preparation of ethylene glycol, in particular a reaction stage of oxidative carbonylation and a hydrogenation step.
- the term “Pd-M bimetallic catalyst” means a catalyst in which the catalytic sites comprise palladium and a metal M, M being Cu or Ag. The palladium and the metal M combine to form the catalytic sites operating during the two catalyzed reaction steps.
- the bimetallic catalysts according to the invention comprise catalysts in which the two metals are in the form of a core-shell structure, or in the form of a homogeneous alloy, or in the form of two distinct populations of particles of palladium and of the metal M respectively, or as a mixture of populations of these different forms. It is understood that the Pd-M/Support catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst. The use of a heterogeneous catalyst has the advantage of facilitating the separation of the catalyst from the other species involved in the reaction, making it easy to recover and reuse the catalyst.
- reaction step is understood to mean a synthesis step involving a chemical reaction implementing starting reagents to form final products.
- the chemical reaction leads to a transformation of the molecular structure of the starting reactants. It is understood that carbonylation and hydrogenation are reaction steps. On the contrary, the stages of recovery of the products, of washing or of purification are not considered as reaction stages.
- a reaction step is said to be catalyzed when it requires a catalyst for its implementation.
- the term "same catalyst” means a catalyst of the same nature, comprising the same characteristics such as the nature of the metals and of the support, their proportions.
- one of the industrial advantages is to use or to prepare only a single type of catalyst allowing a limitation of the raw materials or the stages of preparation of the catalyst for the implementation of the process for the preparation of ethylene glycol.
- the limitation of raw materials allows an optimization of purchasing costs and waste management.
- the limitation of the industrial steps has an advantage from the point of view of the costs and the implementation of the process.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which the catalyst support is an oxide.
- Oxide supports are commonly used to prepare heterogeneous catalysts on the one hand because of the effectiveness of the catalysis properties obtained and on the other hand their availability and their easy preparation. For example, they are advantageously less expensive than polymer supports.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which the catalyst support is an oxide chosen from zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 , alumina Al 2 O 3 , silica SiO2 , cerium dioxide CeO2, titanium dioxide TiO2, magnesium oxide MgO, indium oxide In2O3, or a mixture of these oxides, preferably zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 .
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which the catalyst support is an oxide chosen from zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 , alumina Al 2 O 3 and silica SiO 2 .
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which said supported bimetallic catalyst is a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst.
- the zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 support has a melting temperature of 2700 to 2750° C., in particular 2715° C. and a density of 5 to 6 g/cm 3 .
- the zirconium dioxide support can for example be obtained from the company STERM Chemicals (15 Rue de l'Atome, 67800 Bischheim).
- the Pd-Cu bimetallic catalyst has a support preferably made of zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 , but the use of another type of support based on another oxide such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 , MgO, In 2 O 3 can also be implemented.
- the oxide support of said Pd-M bimetallic catalyst is in the form of a surface layer of another inert material, namely not chemically active, such as ceramics or glasses.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which the catalyst has a palladium content of from 0.1 to 10%, in particular 2%, and a content of metal M, comprised from 0.1 to 40%, in particular 10% or 15%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst. It is understood that the ratio between the total content of Pd-M metals and the support varies from 0.2 to 50% by weight in the catalysts of the invention. The weight of the metals represents up to half of the total weight of the catalyst.
- the expression “from 0.1 to 10%” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.1 to 1%; from 1 to 2%; from 2 to 3%; from 3 to 4%; from 4 to 5%; from 5 to 6%; from 6 to 7%; from 7 to 8%; from 8 to 9%; from 9 to 10%.
- the expression “from 0.1 to 40%” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.1 to 5%; from 5 to 10%; from 10 to 15%; from 15 to 20%; from 20 to 25%; from 25 to 30%; from 30 to 35%; from 35 to 40%.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which the ratio by weight between Pd and M is comprised from 1: 1 to 1: 20, preferably from 1: 1 to 1 : 10, preferably 1: 5.
- the expression “from 1: 1 to 1: 20” corresponds to the ranges: from 1: 1 to 1: 2; from 1:2 to 1:3; from 1:3 to 1:4; from 1:4 to 1:5; from 1:5 to 1:6; from 1:6 to 1:7; from 1:7 to 1:8; from 1:8 to 1:9; from 1:9 to 1:10; 1:10 to 1:11; from 1:11 to 1:12; from 1:12 to 1:13; from 1:13 to 1:14; from 1:14 to 1:15; from 1:15 to 1:16; from 1:16 to 1:17; from 1:17 to 1:18; from 1:18 to 1:19; from 1:19 to 1:20.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which the first catalyzed reaction step is an oxidative carbonylation, from an alcohol, of carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as reaction intermediate, and in which the catalyzed second reaction step is a hydrogenation reaction of said compound oxalate with hydrogen to obtain ethylene glycol.
- the general diagram of a preparation process according to the invention can be represented as follows:
- the term “oxalate” means the dialkyloxalate (DAO) corresponding to the alcohol used.
- promoter or “reaction promoter” is understood to mean a substance which can improve the properties of a catalyst such as the catalytic activity, the selectivity, the stability, the lifetime or prevent the deactivation of the catalyst.
- the promoter is an oxidant.
- the promoter may thus promote the oxidative carbonylation process.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, the implementation of the reaction step of oxidative carbonylation comprising at least one additive.
- additive is understood to mean a substance which improves the yield of the reaction but which is not essential for its progress. An additive does not intervene directly in the transformation of the substrate and consequently does not intervene in the balance equation of the reaction.
- the additive is a base, preferably chosen from triethylamine (Et3N), 2,6 lutidine, cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ), or 1-methylimidazole.
- Another object of the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol comprising: o a first reaction step A of oxidative carbonylation of an alcohol, in the presence of a supported bimetallic catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag , to obtain an oxalate compound as reaction intermediate, and o a second reaction step B of hydrogenation of said oxalate compound, optionally purified, produced in reaction step A, to ethylene glycol, in the presence of said catalyst of formula Pd-M/ Support.
- Reaction step A corresponding to the oxidative carbonylation reaction of an alcohol is schematized as follows:
- Reaction step B corresponding to the hydrogenation of an oxalate compound (DAO) is schematized as follows:
- reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, in particular chosen from methanol and ethanol, - carbon monoxide, - an oxidant, in particular oxygen O 2 , - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, in particular a catalyst comprising an oxide support chosen from zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 , alumina Al 2 O 3 , silica SiO 2 , cerium dioxide CeO 2 , titanium dioxide TiO 2 , magnesium oxide MgO , indium oxide In2O3, or a mixture of these oxides, preferably a catalyst of formula Pd—Cu/ZrO 2 ; - optionally a promoter, in particular an iodinated compound, chosen in particular from tetramethylammonium iodide, potassium iodide or sodium iodide, preferably tetramethyl
- reaction medium 2 optionally pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5 MPa, o optionally heating said reaction medium 2 to a temperature of 100 to 250°C, in particular 200 or 220°C , preferably for 5 to 24 hours, preferably for 8 or 16 hours, to obtain ethylene glycol.
- reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, - carbon monoxide, - d an oxidant, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - optionally a promoter, - optionally a base, - optionally a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 1 optionally pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, o optionally heating said reaction medium, to obtain the oxalate compound;
- reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - optionally a solvent, to obtain a medium reaction 2 optionally pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5 MPa, o optionally heating said reaction medium 2, to obtain ethylene glycol.
- the process according to the present invention has the advantage of not requiring a solvent in the reaction step A, of oxidative carbonylation of the alcohol.
- the alcohol can advantageously play both the role of reagent and of solvent in reaction step A.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which: • l reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, - carbon monoxide, - an oxidant, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a promoter, - a base, - optionally a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 1 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular 8 MPa; o the heating of said reaction medium, to obtain the oxalate compound; • reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a solvent
- reaction step A of oxidative carbonylation of the process according to the invention can be implemented in the absence of solvent.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which: • reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, - carbon monoxide, - an oxidant, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a promoter, - a base, to obtain a reaction medium 1 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular 8 MPa, o heating said reaction medium, to obtain the oxalate compound; • reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 2 optionally pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5 MPa, o heating said reaction medium, to obtain ethylene glycol
- reaction step A of oxidative carbonylation of the process according to the invention can be implemented in the presence of a solvent.
- the invention relates to a method as defined above, in which: • reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, - carbon monoxide, - d an oxidant, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a promoter, - a base, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 1 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular 8 MPa, o heating said reaction medium, to obtain the oxalate compound; • reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 2 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5 MPa, o heating said
- reaction medium is understood to mean all of the species brought into association during a chemical reaction. It includes in particular the reactants in liquid or gaseous form, the catalyst, and optionally a solvent, additives or promoters.
- the expression MPa corresponds to 10 6 Pascal and is equivalent to 10 bars.
- the expression “from 0.1 to 15.0 MPa” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa; from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa; from 1.0 to 1.5 MPa; from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa; from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa; from 2.5 to 3.0 MPa; from 3.0 to 3.5 MPa; from 3.5 to 4.0 MPa; from 4.0 to 4.5 MPa; from 4.5 to 5.0 MPa; from 5.0 to 5.5 MPa; from 5.5 to 6.0 MPa; from 6.0 to 6.5 MPa; from 6.5 to 7.0 MPa; from 7.0 to 7.5 MPa; from 7.5 to 8.0 MPa; from 8.0 to 8.5 MPa; from 8.5 to 9.0 MPa; from 9.0 to 9.5 MPa; from 9.5 to 10.0 MPa; from 10.0 to 10.5 MPa; from 10.5 to 11.0 MPa; from 11.0 to 11.5 MPa; from 11.5 to 12.0 MPa; from 12.0 to 12.5 MPa; from 12.5 to 13.0 MPa; from 13.0 to 13.5 MP
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the alcohol used in reaction step A is also used as solvent in reaction step B.
- it does not It is thus not necessary to evaporate the alcohol in the oxalate product obtained in reaction step A before its use in reaction step B as a reagent.
- Base The process according to the present invention has the advantage of not requiring a base in the reaction step A, of oxidative carbonylation of the alcohol.
- the base is an additive which promotes the efficiency of the reaction but which is not necessary for the implementation of reaction step A.
- reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, - carbon monoxide, - an oxidant, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/ Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a promoter, - optionally a base, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 1 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular 8 MPa; o the heating of said reaction medium, to obtain the oxalate compound;
- reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 2 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5 MPa, o heating said reaction medium 2, to obtain ethylene glycol.
- reaction step A of oxidative carbonylation of the process according to the invention can be implemented without a base.
- the invention relates to a method as defined above, in which: • reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol, - carbon monoxide, - an oxidant, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag , - a promoter, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 1 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular 8 MPa; o the heating of said reaction medium, to obtain the oxalate compound; • reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - a solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 2 pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5 MPa, o heating said reaction medium 2, to obtain ethylene glycol
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which said catalyst comprises an oxide support chosen from zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 , alumina Al 2 O 3 , silica SiO2, cerium dioxide CeO 2 , titanium dioxide TiO 2 , magnesium oxide MgO, indium oxide In 2 O 3 , or a mixture of these oxides, preferably zirconium dioxide ZrO 2 .
- said catalyst is of formula Pd—Cu/ZrO 2 .
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the catalyst has a palladium content of from 0.1 to 10%, in particular 2%, and a content of metal M, comprised from 0.1 to 40%, in particular 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the catalyst is used in reaction step A at a rate of 0.01 to 10 molar % of palladium with respect to the alcohol. .
- the expression “from 0.01 to 10%” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.01 to 0.05%; from 0.05 to 0.1%; from 0.1 to 0.15%; from 0.15 to 0.2%; from 0.2 to 0.5%; from 0.5 to 1%; from 1 to 2%; from 2 to 3%; from 3 to 4%; from 4 to 5%; from 5 to 6%; from 6 to 7%; from 7 to 8%; from 8 to 9%; from 9 to 10%.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which carbon monoxide is used in reaction step A at a rate of 0.5 to 8.0 MPa, in particular 6.5 MPa.
- the expression "from 0.5 to 8.0 MPa” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa; from 1.0 to 1.5 MPa; from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa; from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa; from 2.5 to 3.0 MPa; from 3.0 to 3.5 MPa; from 3.5 to 4.0 MPa; from 4.0 to 4.5 MPa; from 4.5 to 5.0 MPa; from 5.0 to 5.5 MPa; from 5.5 to 6.0 MPa; from 6.0 to 6.5 MPa; from 6.5 to 7.0 MPa; from 7.0 to 7.5 MPa; from 7.5 to 8.0 MPa.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the oxidant in reaction step A is oxygen, used at a rate of 0.5 to 2.5 MPa, in particular 1.5 MPa.
- the expression “from 0.5 to 2.5 MPa” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa; from 1.0 to 1.5 MPa; from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa; from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above in which the oxidant is chosen from: molecular oxygen (O 2 ), air, a dione in particular 1,4-benzoquinone , 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and CuCl 2 .
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which a promoter is used in reaction step A, in particular an iodinated compound, in particular chosen from tetramethylammonium iodide, iodide potassium or sodium iodide, According to a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method as defined above, in which the promoter is used at a rate of 0.1 to 5% molar with respect to the alcohol, in particular at a rate of 0.2% molar.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which a base is used in reaction step A, in particular triethylamine.
- the invention relates to a method as defined above, in which the base is used at a rate of 0.1 to 5% molar relative to the alcohol, in particular at a rate of 0.15 % molar.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which a solvent is used in reaction step A, in particular chosen from acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, preferentially acetonitrile.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which in the reaction step A, the reaction medium 1 is put under a pressure of 0.1 to 15 MPa, preferably about 8 MPa.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which in reaction step A, reaction medium 1 is heated to a temperature of from 25 to 200° C., in particular from 60 to 110°C, preferably about 90°C, in particular for 2 to 24 hours, preferably for 16 hours.
- the expression “from 25 to 200° C.” corresponds to the ranges: from 25 to 40° C.; from 40 to 60°C; from 60 to 80°C; from 80 to 100°C; from 100 to 120°C; from 120 to 140°C; from 140 to 160°C; from 160 to 180°C; from 180 to 200°C.
- the expression “from 60 to 110° C.” corresponds to the ranges: from 60 to 70° C.; from 70 to 80°C; from 80 to 90°C; from 90 to 100°C; from 100 to 110°C.
- the expression “from 2 to 24 hours” corresponds to the ranges: from 2 to 5 hours; 5 to 8 hours; 8 a.m. to 12 p.m.; from 12 p.m.
- reaction step A comprises bringing an alcohol of Formula 1 into contact for the preparation of an oxalate compound of Formula 2 : in which Ra represents: • a C 1 to C 20 alkyl group, linear or branched, • a C 3 to C 10 cycloalkyl group, • a C 5 to C 20 alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heteroaryl group.
- C 1 to C 20 alkyl, linear or branched means an acyclic, saturated, linear or branched carbon chain, comprising 1 to 20 carbon atoms. These are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, cetyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl groups.
- alkyls includes all possible isomers.
- butyl includes n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and ter-butyl.
- One or more hydrogen atoms can be replaced in the alkyl chain.
- C 3 to C 10 cycloalkyl means: a C 3 cyclopropyl group, a C 4 cyclobutyl group, a C 5 cyclopentyl group, a C 6 cyclohexyl group, a C 7 cycloheptyl group, a C 8 cyclooctyl, a C 9 cyclononyl group, or a C 10 cyclodecyl group, and fused cycloalkane rings such as adamantyl.
- C 5 to C 20 alkyl-aryl denotes a group consisting of a linear or branched alkyl chain linked to an aromatic group, the alkyl-aryl group comprising 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the aryl groups according to the present invention can also be substituted, in particular by one or more substituents chosen from a linear or branched C 1 to C 10 alkyl group. Phenyl, toluyl, anisyl and naphthyl o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, o-xylyl, m-xylyl, p-xylyl, are examples of aryl groups.
- heteroaryl denotes an aryl group as defined above, comprising atoms other than carbon atoms, in particular N, O or S within the aromatic ring.
- Pyridyl, imidazoyl, furfuryl or furanyl are examples of heteroaryl groups according to the present invention.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which reaction step A comprises bringing an alcohol of Formula 1 into contact for the preparation of an oxalate compound of Formula 2 : in which Ra represents: • a C 1 to C 20 alkyl group, linear or branched, • a C 3 to C 10 cycloalkyl group, • a C 5 to C 20 alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heteroaryl group, in particular selected from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which a step for purifying said oxalate compound is implemented between reaction step A and reaction step B, in particular by distillation .
- the step for purifying the oxalate compound is carried out by distillation, by extraction or by recrystallization in the purification step.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which, in reaction step B, the catalyst is used in a proportion of 0.5 to 10 mmol, in particular in a proportion of 4 mmol in Cu or Ag.
- the expression “from 0.5 to 10 mmol” corresponds to the ranges: from 0.5 to 1 mmol; from 1 to 2 mmol; from 2 to 3 mmol, from 3 to 4 mmol; from 4 to 5 mmol; from 5 to 6 mmol; from 6 to 7 mmol; from 7 to 8 mmol; from 8 to 9 mmol; from 9 to 10 mmol.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which, in reaction step B, the oxalate compound is used in a proportion of 2 to 40 molar equivalents, in particular in a proportion of 5 equivalents, with respect to the metal M of the catalyst.
- the expression “from 2 to 40 equivalents” corresponds to the ranges: from 2 to 5 equivalents; from 5 to 10 equivalents; from 10 to 15 equivalents; from 15 to 20 equivalents; from 20 to 25 equivalents; from 25 to 30 equivalents; from 30 to 35 equivalents; from 35 to 40 equivalents.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which is in the reaction stage B, the dihydrogen is used under a pressure of 1.0 to 8.0 MPa, in particular 5, 0 MPa.
- the expression "from 1.0 to 8.0 MPa” corresponds to the ranges: from 1.0 to 1.5 MPa; from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa; from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa; from 2.5 to 3.0 MPa; from 3.0 to 3.5 MPa; from 3.5 to 4.0 MPa; from 4.0 to 4.5 MPa; from 4.5 to 5.0 MPa; from 5.0 to 5.5 MPa; from 5.5 to 6.0 MPa; from 6.0 to 6.5 MPa; from 6.5 to 7.0 MPa; from 7.0 to 7.5 MPa; from 7.5 to 8.0 MPa.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which, in reaction step B, the solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol and dioxane, preferably ethanol or methanol.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which, in reaction step B, the reaction medium 2 is placed under a pressure of 1.0 to 8.0 MPa, in particular 5 MPa.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which in reaction step B, reaction medium 2 is heated to a temperature of from 100 to 250° C., in particular from 200 or 220°C, preferably for 5 to 24 hours, preferably for 8 or 16 hours.
- the expression “from 100 to 250° C.” corresponds to the ranges: from 100 to 120° C.; from 120 to 140°C; from 140 to 160°C; from 160 to 180°C; from 180 to 200°C; from 200 to 220°C; from 220 to 250°C.
- the expression “from 5 to 24 hours” corresponds to the ranges: from 5 to 8 hours; 8 a.m. to 12 p.m.; from 12 p.m. to 4 p.m.; from 4 to 8 p.m.; from 20 to 24 hours.
- Reuse of the Catalyst Reaction step B of the process of the invention is advantageously carried out without additives in the reaction medium.
- the catalyst recovered after reaction step B of the invention is not degraded and is stable and in particular free of additives. It can advantageously be reused in another catalyzed reaction step as a catalyst.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation as defined above, of ethylene glycol, in which the catalyst is recovered at the end of a reaction step B and is reused as catalyst in another catalyzed reaction step.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation as defined above, of ethylene glycol, in which the catalyst is recovered at the end of a reaction stage B and is reused as a catalyst in another subsequent reaction step B.
- the catalyst recovered at the end of a reaction step B can be used for several successive cycles of reaction steps B.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation as defined above, of ethylene glycol, in which the catalyst is recovered at the end of a reaction stage B and is reused as catalyst in a reaction stage A.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol such as defined above, in which the catalyst used in reaction step A is a catalyst recovered at the end of a reaction step B.
- the invention relates to a method of preparation as defined above, ethylene glycol, in which the catalyst is recovered at the end of reaction step A and is reused as catalyst in reaction step B.
- the invention relates to a process for preparation of ethylene glycol as defined above, in which the catalyst used in reaction step B is a catalyst recovered at the end of reaction step A.
- the invention relates a process for the preparation as defined above, of ethylene glycol, in which the catalyst is recovered at the end of a reaction stage A and is reused as catalyst in a subsequent reaction stage A.
- the catalyst recovered at the end of a first reaction step A can be used for several successive cycles of reaction steps A.
- the invention relates to a preparation process as defined below. above, in which at least one of the reaction steps of the process is carried out in continuous flow, the catalyst being a Pd-M/Support heterogeneous catalyst according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethylene glycol as defined above, one of the reaction stages at least carried out in continuous flow, -in which the catalyst is a Pd-M/Support heterogeneous catalyst according to the invention introduced into a column or a cartridge, -or in which the catalyst is in suspension in the reaction mixture.
- the continuous flow process is carried out in a reactor of the type: - a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), - a flow reactor or a tubular reactor, - a fixed bed reactor or garnished.
- CSTR continuously stirred tank reactor
- the method according to the invention can be implemented in a flow chemistry apparatus, for example in commercial reactors such as “H-Cube Pro®” or “Phoenix®” from the company ThalesNano INC.
- the continuous flow process is carried out at a temperature of 25°C to 200°C.
- the continuous flow process is carried out at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 15 MPa, in particular from 0.1 to 4 MPa.
- the expression “0.1 to 4 MPa” corresponds to the following ranges: from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa; from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa; from 1.0 to 1.5 MPa; from 1.5 to 2.0 MPa; from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa; from 2.5 to 3.0 MPa; from 3.0 to 3.5 MPa; from 3.5 to 4.0 MPa.
- the continuous flow process is carried out in a reactor in which the gases represent 10 to 90% of the volume of the reactor.
- the expression “10 to 90%” corresponds to the following ranges: from 10 to 20%; from 20 to 30%; from 30 to 40%; from 40 to 50%; from 50 to 60%; from 60 to 70%; from 70 to 80%; from 80 to 90%.
- the continuous flow process is carried out by means allowing a contact time between the reactants of 1 second to 2 hours, in particular of 1 second to 2 minutes.
- the expression “1 second to 2 hours” corresponds to the ranges: from 1 to 15 seconds; 15 to 30 seconds; from 30 seconds to 1 minute; 1 to 2 minutes; from 2 to 15 minutes; 15 to 30 minutes; from 30 minutes to 1 hour; 1 to 2 hours.
- the reaction step A of carbonylation of the process is carried out in continuous flow and comprises means making it possible to introduce into the reactor the flow of CO in contact with the substrate (the alcohol) and the flow of oxygen individually or as a mixture.
- the hydrogenation reaction stage B of the process is carried out in continuous flow and comprises means making it possible to introduce into the reactor the flow of hydrogen in contact with the substrate (oxalate).
- the reaction step A of carbonylation of the process and the reaction step B of hydrogenation of the process according to the invention as defined above are carried out in continuous flow and comprise means making it possible to introduce in the reactor the flow of gas in contact with the substrate.
- the reaction stage A of carbonylation of the process and the reaction stage B of hydrogenation of the process according to the invention as defined above are carried out in the same reactor.
- Catalytic activity The activity of the catalyst according to the invention can be described in terms of "Number of Catalytic Cycles (NCC)".
- NCC Number of Catalytic Cycles
- the NCC is calculated as follows: Unlike the “Turnover Number (TON)” which represents the maximum number of catalytic cycles that a catalyst can reach before its total and irreversible degradation, the Number of Catalytic Cycles represents a total number of catalytic cycles carried out by the catalyst under conditions reaction data. At the end of the reaction, the catalyst used would not necessarily be degraded and could therefore be reused. Thus the NCC is not a measure of the lifetime of a catalyst, but makes it possible to measure the productivity of the catalyst under given conditions of the catalyzed reaction. Yield The chemical yield reflects the efficiency of the chemical reaction studied. The yield designates the ratio between the quantity of product obtained and the maximum quantity which would be obtained if the reaction were complete.
- the yield of reaction step B of hydrogenation of the oxalate to ethylene glycol according to the invention is determined as a percentage of moles of ethylene glycol obtained per mole of oxalate.
- the yield of reaction step B of hydrogenation of oxalate to ethylene glycol can in particular be determined using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) in which mesitylene is used as an internal standard. . Yield can also be assessed by determining the amount of product after purification to isolate product.
- the invention relates to the use as defined above, in which said hydrogenation reaction step B has a yield of more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, preferably more by 90%.
- the selectivity of a chemical reaction specifies the amount of the desired product formed relative to the number of moles of the limiting reagent consumed. It indicates if several reactions occur in parallel, leading to unwanted by-products, or if the reaction carried out is the only one to consume reactant.
- the selectivity is defined as the quantity of ethylene glycol obtained relative to the total quantity of products which have been obtained, comprising ethylene glycol and the secondary by-products, resulting from the transformation of oxalate compound.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which said process for the preparation of ethylene glycol is selective, with a selectivity of more than 70%, preferably of more than 75% , preferably more than 90%.
- the expression “selective preparation process” denotes a process making it possible to obtain the targeted product, ethylene glycol, with a selectivity of more than 50%.
- the expression “of more than 70%” corresponds to the ranges: of more than 70%; more than 80%; over 90%.
- the expression “of more than 75%” corresponds to the ranges: of more than 75%; more than 80%; more than 85%; more than 90%; over 95%.
- the expression “of more than 90%” corresponds to the ranges: of more than 90%; over 91%; over 92%; over 93%; by more than 94%; more than 95%; over 96%; over 97%; over 98%; over 99%.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the first catalyzed reaction stage A of oxidative carbonylation, starting from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as a reaction intermediate, is selective, with a selectivity of more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, preferably more than 90% .
- selective oxidative carbonylation reaction step designates a carbonylation reaction step making it possible to obtain the targeted product, the oxalate compound, with a selectivity of more than 70%.
- the invention relates to the process as defined above, in which the second catalyzed reaction step B of hydrogenation of said oxalate compound with hydrogen to obtain ethylene glycol is selective, with a selectivity more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, preferably more than 90%.
- selective hydrogenation reaction step designates a hydrogenation reaction step making it possible to obtain the targeted product, ethylene glycol, with a selectivity of more than 70%.
- the invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the first catalyzed reaction stage A of oxidative carbonylation, starting from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and an oxidant, in in particular molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of a promoter, to form an oxalate compound as reaction intermediate, and the second catalyzed reaction step B of hydrogenation of said oxalate compound with hydrogen to obtain ethylene glycol, are selective , with a selectivity of more than 70%, preferably more than 75%, preferably more than 90%.
- selective reaction step designates a reaction step making it possible to obtain the targeted product, the oxalate compound or ethylene glycol, with a selectivity of more than 70%.
- reaction step A comprises o bringing into contact: - an alcohol chosen from methanol or ethanol - monoxide of carbon, in particular at a rate of 6.5 MPa, - molecular oxygen, in particular at a rate of 1.5 MPa, - a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - tetramethylammonium iodide as a promoter, - triethylamine as base, - acetonitrile as solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 1 optionally pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 8.0 MPa o heating said reaction medium, in particular to a temperature of about 90° C.
- an alcohol chosen from methanol or ethanol - monoxide of carbon, in particular at a rate of 6.5 MPa, - molecular oxygen, in particular at a rate of 1.5 MPa
- a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - tetramethylammoni
- reaction step B comprises o bringing into contact: - said oxalate compound - dihydrogen, in particular at a rate of 5.0 MPa, - said catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support in which M represents Cu or Ag, - ethanol as solvent, to obtain a reaction medium 2 optionally pressurized from 0.1 to 15 MPa, in particular to 5.0 MPa, o the heating of said reaction medium, in particular to a temperature of approximately 200° C preferably for 16 hours or at a temperature of approximately 220° C. preferably for 8 hours, to obtain ethylene glycol.
- Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 Catalyst Another object of the invention relates to a bimetallic palladium and copper catalyst on a zirconium dioxide support of formula Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 , comprising: o a palladium content of 0, 1 to 10%, in particular 2%, and a copper content, comprised from 0.1 to 40%, in particular 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst and, o a surface area, measured by BET , from 1 to 50 m2/g, in particular from 1 to 10 m2/g, preferably from 5 to 7 m2/g.
- the inventors have unexpectedly observed that the bimetallic palladium and copper catalysts on a zirconium dioxide support having a low specific surface area of approximately 5 m2/g are more effective than a catalyst having a surface higher specific of 63 m2/g or 81 m2/g.
- This efficiency targets both the carbonylation reaction (step A) and the hydrogenation reaction (step B) for the preparation of ethylene glycol, allowing in particular for the hydrogenation reaction to reach a yield of 92% and a selectivity of 94%, as revealed in the results of Example 24.
- a specific surface greater than 50 m2/g would allow greater accessibility to the substrates and favor the yields of the catalyst.
- the invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst of palladium and copper on a zirconium dioxide support of formula Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 , as defined above, further comprising: o a crystalline phase of zirconium dioxide, analyzed by X-ray diffraction, crystallized in monoclinic baddeleyite comprising a crystallite size of 20 to 100 nm, preferably 20 to 50 nm and optionally comprising hafnium atoms as an impurity.
- baddeleyite is understood to mean a natural zirconium oxide of formula ZrO 2 , containing from 0.1% to 5% of hafnium oxide, and crystallizing in a monoclinic crystalline system.
- the characteristics of baddeleyite such as the composition and the crystallographic structure, in particular the space group with the dimensions of the crystal lattice, are reported and accessible in the prior art and known to those skilled in the art such as in Kudoh, Y. et al., (Phys Chem Minerals 13, 233–237 (1986)) or McCullough J D. et al. (Acta Crystallographica 12 (1959) 507-511).
- the crystalline phase of zirconium dioxide comprises impurities such as Hafnium (Hf) atoms.
- Hf Hafnium
- From 20 to 100 nm is meant the following ranges: from 20 to 30 nm, from 30 to 40 nm; from 40 to 50 nm; from 50 to 60 nm; from 60 to 70 nm; from 70 to 80 nm; 80 to 90 nm; from 90 to 100 nm.
- the invention relates to a bimetallic palladium and copper catalyst on a zirconium dioxide support of formula Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 , as defined above, in the form of two populations of particles: - a first population of particles having a morphology of the polyhedral type and - a second population of particles of smaller size than that of the first population and having a rounded and entangled morphology, of sizes from 10 nm to 1 micrometer, said particles forming clusters of 1 to 100 micrometers.
- the term “particles of the polyhedral type” means particles having edges, angles or bevelled edges.
- the term “particles of rounded morphology” means particles having no edge, angle or bevelled edge.
- the term “entangled particles” means rounded particles agglomerated together or with an appearance merged together, forming a visible surface of protrusions.
- the term “cluster of particles » a set of entangled particles having either visual or mechanical coherence between them . , as defined above, further comprising: o copper atoms in an oxidation state (I) and (II), and o palladium atoms in an oxidation state (II).
- the molar amount of copper atoms in an oxidation state (I) is greater than that of copper atoms in an oxidation state (II).
- Pd-Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 Catalyst Another object of the invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst of palladium and silver on an alumina support of formula Pd-Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , comprising: o a palladium content comprised from 0.1 to 10%, in particular 2%, and a silver content, comprised from 0.1 to 40%, in particular 15%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, o of the atoms silver in an oxidation state (I) and (II) and palladium atoms in an oxidation state (II), said catalyst being in the form of a population of globally spherical particles, agglomerated from 10 to 100 micrometers having on the surface a porous morphology of alveolar appearance.
- Pd-Cu/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 Catalyst Another object of the invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst of palladium and copper on an alumina support of formula Pd-Cu/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , comprising: o a palladium content of 0.1 to 10%, in particular 2%, and a copper content, of 0.1 to 40%, in particular 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, o copper atoms in oxidation state (II) and palladium atoms in oxidation state (II).
- Another object of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst of formula Pd-M/Support, comprising palladium and a metal M on an oxide support, in which M represents Cu or Ag, comprising: • a step C of impregnation of a palladium salt and a copper salt or of silver, dissolved in an aqueous solution, in particular in a volume of water of 5 to 10 mL on an oxide support in the form of powder, with a mass ratio of the solution / mass of support ranging from 0.6 to 1.0; to obtain the Pd-M / Support catalyst in the form of a homogeneous material, in particular said step C comprising: - the use of a palladium salt concentration, calculated to obtain a palladium content of 0.1 to 10
- the palladium salt is palladium nitrate and the copper or silver salt is copper or silver nitrate.
- the inventors have surprisingly found that the preparation process makes it possible to obtain active and effective catalysts for the two reactions of carbonylation of alcohol to oxalate and hydrogenation of oxalate to ethylene glycol in the process for the preparation of ethylene glycol, without the need for a preliminary stage of reduction of the metal atoms Pd, Cu or Ag under a flow of hydrogen.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst according to the catalyst of the invention as defined above, comprising: • a step C of impregnation of a palladium salt and a copper salt, in particular palladium nitrate and copper nitrate, dissolved in an aqueous solution, in particular in a volume of water of 5 to 10 mL on a zirconium dioxide support , in particular in the form of a powder, with a mass ratio of the solution/mass of support comprised from 0.6 to 1.0; to obtain the Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst in the form of a homogeneous material, in particular said step C comprises: - the use of a palladium salt concentration, calculated to obtain a palladium content of 0.1 to 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, - the use of a copper salt concentration, calculated to obtain a copper content of 0.1 to 40%, by weight relative to the total weight of
- said support used for the preparation of the catalyst is a zirconium dioxide with a specific surface of 1 to 50 m2/g, in particular of 1 to 10 m2/g, preferably of 5 to 7 m2/g.
- said support used for the preparation of the catalyst is a zirconium dioxide, crystallized in monoclinic baddeleyite and comprises a crystallite size of 20 to 100 nm, preferably 20 to 50 nm and a specific surface of 1 to 50 m2/ g, in particular from 1 to 10 m2/g, preferably from 5 to 7 m2/g and optionally comprises hafnium atoms as impurities.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a Pd-Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst, comprising: • a step C of impregnating a palladium salt and a salt silver, in particular palladium nitrate and copper nitrate, dissolved in an aqueous solution, in particular in a volume of water of 5 to 10 mL on an alumina support ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ), in particularly in the form of a powder, with a mass ratio of the solution/mass of support ranging from 0.6 to 1.0; to obtain the Pd-Ag / ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst in the form of a homogeneous material, in particular said step C comprising: - the use of a palladium salt concentration, calculated to obtain a palladium content of 0.1 to 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, - the use of a silver salt concentration, calculated to obtain a silver content of 0.1 to 40%, by weight per relative to
- Pd-M Catalyst / Support Prepared According to the Invention
- Another object of the invention relates to a supported bimetallic catalyst of formula Pd-M / Support, comprising palladium and a metal M on a support, in which M represents Cu or Ag, capable of being obtained by a process for the preparation of a catalyst as defined above.
- Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared according to the invention In one particular embodiment, the invention relates to a bimetallic palladium and copper catalyst on a zirconium dioxide support of formula Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 , capable of being obtained by a process for the preparation of a catalyst as defined above.
- the invention relates to a bimetallic palladium and copper catalyst on a zirconium dioxide support of formula Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 , which can be obtained by a preparation process comprising: • a step C of impregnation with a palladium salt and a copper salt, in particular palladium nitrate and copper nitrate, dissolved in an aqueous solution, in particular in a volume of water of 5 to 10 mL on a zirconium dioxide support, in particular in powder form, with a mass ratio of the solution/mass of support ranging from 0.6 to 1.0; to obtain the Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst in the form of a homogeneous material, in particular said step C comprises: - the use of a palladium salt concentration, calculated to obtain a palladium content of 0.1 to 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, - the use of a copper salt concentration, calculated to obtain a copper content of 0.1 to 40%, by weight
- the invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst of palladium and silver on an alumina support ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ) of formula Pd-Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , capable of being obtained by a process for the preparation of a catalyst as defined above.
- Another object of the invention relates to a bimetallic palladium and copper catalyst on a zirconium dioxide support of formula Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 , comprising: o a palladium content of 0.1 to 10%, in particular 2 %, and a copper content, comprised from 0.1 to 40%, in particular 10%, by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst; in which - said catalyst has an X photoelectron spectrometry spectrum similar to that of FIG. 1 for a Pd composition at 2% and Cu at 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst; - And said catalyst has a morphological appearance by scanning microscopy analysis similar to Figure 2 for a Pd composition at 2% and Cu at 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- Figure 1 represents the X-ray photoelectron spectrometry spectrum of a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst with a composition of Pd at 2% and Cu at 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst prepared with a surface zirconium dioxide support specific from 5 to 7 m2/g.
- Figure 2 shows two scanning electron microscopy images of a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst with a composition of Pd at 2% and Cu at 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, prepared with a support of zirconium dioxide of specific surface from 5 to 7 m2/g.
- FIG. 1 represents the X-ray photoelectron spectrometry spectrum of a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst with a composition of Pd at 2% and Cu at 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst prepared with a surface zirconium dioxide support specific from 5 to 7 m2/g.
- FIG. 3 represents the diffraction diagram of a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared with a zirconium dioxide prepared with a support in zirconium dioxide with a specific surface area of 5 to 7 m2/g.
- Figure 4 represents the diffraction diagram of two Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 and Pd(1%)Cu(3%)/ZrO 2 catalysts prepared with a zirconium dioxide with a specific surface greater than 85 m2/g.
- FIG. 5 represents SEM images of a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared with a zirconium dioxide with a specific surface area of 5 to 7 m2/g.
- FIG. 6 represents SEM images of a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared with a zirconium dioxide with a zirconium dioxide with a specific surface greater than 85 m2/g.
- Figure 7 shows SEM images of a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst
- Figure 8 shows SEM images of a Pd(2%)Ag(15%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3
- FIG. 9 represents the XPS spectra of a Pd(2%)/ZrO 2 catalyst.
- FIG. 10 represents the XPS spectra of a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
- Example 11 represents the XPS spectra of a Pd(2%)Ag(15%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
- the ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 support is supplied by Sterm Chemicals (15 Rue de l'Atome, 67800 Bischheim) with reference number 13-2525.
- the SiO 2 support (40-63 ⁇ m) was supplied by VWR chemicals, with reference number 151125P.
- the palladium nitrate (Pd(NO 3 ) 2 .xH 2 O) and the other metal salts such as Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O, AgNO 3 were supplied by Fischer.
- the 450 mL and 1 L autoclaves are supplied by Parr Instrument Company.
- Example 2 - General Procedure for the Preparation of Pd/ZrO 2 Heterogeneous Catalysts Pd(NO 3 ) 2 .xH 2 O was dissolved in a minimum volume of demineralized water, between 5 and 10 mL, forming a solution.
- Example 5 Preparation of heterogeneous mono- and bimetallic Pd/ZrO 2 , Cu/ZrO 2 ,Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalysts. Table 1 below reports the conditions for the preparation of the Pd/ZrO 2 , Cu/ZrO 2 catalysts and Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 prepared according to Examples 2, 3 and 4.
- Example 6 General Procedure for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Pd-Cu/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 Catalysts Pd(NO 3 ) 2 .xH 2 O and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .3H 2 O were dissolved in a minimum volume of deionized water, between 5 and 10 mL, forming a solution. This solution containing the metal precursors was added to the appropriate quantity of ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 support and the paste obtained was mixed at room temperature until a homogeneous material was obtained.
- Example 7 Preparation of Bimetallic Pd-Cu/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 Heterogeneous Catalysts Table 2 below reports the conditions for the preparation of a Pd-Cu/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst prepared according to Example 6. Table 2: Pd-Cu/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst prepared.
- Example 8 General Procedure for the Preparation of Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 Heterogeneous Catalysts AgNO 3 was dissolved in a minimum volume of deionized water, between 5 and 10 mL forming a solution.
- Example 10 General Procedure for the Preparation of Pd-Ag/SiO 2 Heterogeneous Catalysts
- Pd(NO 3 ) 2 .xH 2 O and AgNO 3 were dissolved in a minimum volume of deionized water, between 5 and 10 mL, forming a solution.
- This solution containing the metal precursors was added to the appropriate quantity of SiO 2 support and the paste obtained was mixed at room temperature until a homogeneous material was obtained. The material was then dried at 80°C for 16h, then was then calcined at 600°C for 2 hours to obtain the catalyst.
- Table 4 reports the conditions for preparing a Pd-Ag/SiO 2 catalyst prepared according to Example 10.
- Example 11 General Procedure for Heterogeneous Catalysis of Oxidative Carbonylation of Methanol to Oxalates.
- a heterogeneous catalyst based on palladium (0.24 mmol Pd), tetrabutylammonium iodide TBAI (554 mg, 1.5 mmol) as promoter, tri-ethylamine Et3N (0.14 mL, 1.0 mmol), acetonitrile (50 mL) and methanol (25 mL).
- the reactor is sealed, and the reaction mixture is purged three times with nitrogen (5 bars), and twice with oxygen (5 bars).
- the autoclave was then pressurized with 15 bars of oxygen and an additional 65 bars of carbon monoxide (total pressure of 80 bars).
- the reaction medium was then stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. Once the reaction was complete, the autoclave was brought back to ambient temperature before being depressurized and purged three times with nitrogen (5 bars).
- the final mixture obtained was then filtered and transferred to a 250 mL flask.
- the reaction solvent and the excess alcohol were separated by evaporation on a rotary evaporator.
- the dimethyloxalate was recovered after purification by recrystallization from di-ethyl ether and the isolated yields were calculated.
- NCC number of moles of product formed / number of moles of Pd
- Example 12 General procedure for heterogeneous catalysis of oxidative carbonylation of ethanol to oxalates.
- reaction medium was then stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. Once the reaction was complete, the autoclave was brought back to ambient temperature before being depressurized and purged three times with nitrogen (5 bars). The final mixture obtained was then filtered and transferred to a 250 mL flask. The reaction solvent and the excess alcohol were separated by evaporation on a rotary evaporator. The diethyloxalate was recovered after purification by distillation under vacuum at 120° C./50-20 mbars and the isolated yields are calculated.
- Example 13 General procedure for heterogeneous catalysis of the hydrogenation of dialkyl oxalates.
- the reactor was sealed, and the reaction mixture was purged three times with nitrogen (5 bar), and twice with hydrogen (5 bar).
- the autoclave was then pressurized with 50 bars of hydrogen.
- the reaction medium was then brought, with stirring, to 200° C. for 16 h or 220° C. for 8 h. Once the reaction was complete, the autoclave was brought back to ambient temperature before being depressurized and purged three times with nitrogen (5 bars).
- Table 5 Conditions of the oxidative carbonylation tests with a Pd/ZrO 2 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Reaction step B – Hydrogenation Table 6 Conditions of the hydrogenation tests with a Pd/ZrO 2 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Example 15 – Tests carried out with the Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst Tables 7 and 8 below show the conditions for the oxidative carbonylation (reaction step A) and hydrogenation (reaction step B) tests respectively with a Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst .
- Reaction step A - Carbonylation Table 7 Conditions of the oxidative carbonylation tests with a Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Reaction step B – Hydrogenation Table 8 Conditions of the hydrogenation tests with a Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Example 16 - Tests carried out with the Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst Tables 9 and 10 below show the conditions for the oxidative carbonylation (reaction step A) and hydrogenation (reaction step B) tests respectively with a catalyst Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 .
- Reaction step A - Carbonylation Table 9 Conditions of the oxidative carbonylation tests with an Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Reaction step B – Hydrogenation Table 10 Conditions of the hydrogenation tests with an Ag/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Example 17 Tests carried out with the Pd-Cu/Oxide catalyst Tables 11 and 12 below show the conditions for the oxidative carbonylation (reaction step A) and hydrogenation (reaction step B) tests respectively with Pd-Cu catalysts on ZrO 2 and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 supports.
- Reaction step A Carbonylation Table 11: Conditions of the oxidative carbonylation tests with Pd-Cu catalysts on ZrO 2 and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 supports and the results obtained.
- Reaction step B Hydrogenation
- Table 12 Conditions of the hydrogenation tests with Pd-Cu catalysts on ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 supports and the results obtained.
- Reaction step A - Carbonylation Table 13 Conditions for oxidative carbonylation tests with Pd-Ag catalysts on ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2 supports and the results obtained.
- Reaction step B – Hydrogenation Table 14 Conditions of hydrogenation tests with Pd-Ag catalysts on ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2 supports and the results obtained.
- Example 19 General Catalyst Recycling Procedure After Hydrogenation of Dialkyl Oxalates. After a dialkyl oxalate hydrogenation reaction, the catalyst (with Cu or Ag) is separated from the liquid reaction medium by filtration. The catalyst is then washed with 3 ⁇ 25 mL of ethanol. The material was then dried at 80°C for 4 hours before being used again in a hydrogenation reaction of dialkyl oxalates.
- Example 20 Catalyst recycle runs after hydrogenation of dialkyl oxalates.
- Tables 15 and 16 below report respectively the conditions of the hydrogenation tests (reaction step B) and the recycling results according to example 19.
- Table 15 Conditions of the hydrogenation tests with a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Table 16 Recycling results of hydrogenation tests with a Pd-Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst.
- Example 21 Optimization of the carbonylation reaction with PdCu/ZrO 2
- Table 17 reports the results of the oxidative carbonylation tests (reaction step A) with variations of the conditions (nature of the base, of the additive, of the O 2 /CO 2 pressure, reaction time, quantity of catalyst and substrate) compared to the general procedure according to Example 12 with a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared according to Example 5.
- the carbonylation yield is calculated using GC-MS, chlorobenzene is used as internal standard.
- Table 17 Conditions of the oxidative carbonylation tests with a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst and the results obtained.
- Example 22 Volume Optimization Tests were carried out in a reactor with a capacity of one liter.
- Test A-7-2 Into a 1 L Parr autoclave, equipped with a magnetic stirrer, a heterogeneous catalyst based on palladium Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 (0.54 mmol Pd ), NaI (0.252 g, 1.68 mmol), tri-ethylamine (0.630 mL, 4.5 mmol), and ethanol (225 mL). The reactor was sealed, and the reaction mixture was purged three times with nitrogen (5 bar), and twice with oxygen (5 bar).
- the autoclave was then pressurized with 15 bars of oxygen and an additional 65 bars of carbon monoxide (total pressure of 80 bars).
- the reaction mixture was then stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. Once the reaction was complete, the autoclave was allowed to return to room temperature before being depressurized and purged three times with nitrogen (5 bars).
- the reaction mixture was then filtered, and the recovered solution was transferred to a 500 mL flask.
- the reaction solvent and the excess alcohol were separated by evaporation on a rotary evaporator.
- the oxalate was recovered after purification (distillation under vacuum at 120° C./50-20 mbar for the diethyloxalate) and the isolated yields were calculated.
- Tests A7-1 and A7-3 were carried out with variations in the concentrations of the catalysts, of the base, of the additive or of the substrate (ethanol) compared to the conditions of preparation of the test A7-2 described above.
- Table 18 below reports the conditions and results of the oxidative carbonylation tests (reaction step A) in a one-liter Parr autoclave, with a Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared according to example 5.
- Table 18 the conditions of the oxidative carbonylation tests in a one liter Parr autoclave and the results obtained.
- Example 23 Influence of the Support and of the Preparation of the PdCu/ZrO 2 Catalysts
- catalysts, Cat B and Cat C were produced with another dioxide support of zirconium ZrO 2 consisting of a monoclinic crystalline phase, named in what follows ZrO 2 (monoclinic phase) marketed by Alpha Aesar.
- the ZrO 2 support (monoclinic phase) is identical to that used by Yuqing et al. (Chinese Journal of Caalysis, 36, 2015, 1552-1559).
- Cat A Catalyst The Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst, hereinafter called Cat A, prepared according to Example 5 was compared with Cat B and Cat C catalysts, of the same nature but using a substrate with different characteristics or a different preparation.
- Cat B Catalyst Influence of the Support The Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 catalyst (monoclinic phase), hereinafter called Cat B, was prepared according to example 5 with the ZrO 2 support (monoclinic phase ), supplied by Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fisher Scientific) of product number 43815, having a specific surface greater than 85 m2/g.
- Catalyst Cat C influence of the preparation
- Tables 19 and 20 below show the conditions and yield results of the oxidative carbonylation (reaction step A) and hydrogenation (reaction step B) tests with Cat A, Cat B and Cat C catalysts respectively.
- Table 20 Conditions of the hydrogenation tests with Cat A, Cat B and Cat C catalysts and the results obtained These results indicate a higher yield for the carbonytation of ethanol to diethyloxalate (step A) with a yield of 5. 7 g and for the hydrogenation of the oxalate to ethylene glycol (step B) with a yield of 92% and a selectivity of 94% for the Cat A catalyst of the invention.
- Cat B and Cat C catalysts prepared with a ZrO 2 support from Alfa Aesar, show lower efficiency for the carbonylation in terms of yield, but also for the hydrogenation step with yields of 61% and 37% respectively. % and selectivities of 70% and 35%.
- stage A is the least effective in terms of carbolylation yield (stage A) and in particular in terms of hydrogenation yield and selectivity (stage B) which is 2.5 times lower than those of Cat A.
- Stage B is the least effective in terms of carbolylation yield and in particular in terms of hydrogenation yield and selectivity (stage B) which is 2.5 times lower than those of Cat A.
- Example 24 Analysis of the catalysts PdCu/ZrO 2 - the specific surface area. The specific surface area of Cat A, Cat B and Cat C catalysts was measured by BET. The results are reported in Table 21 below.
- Table 21 Specific surfaces of the catalysts by BET Example 25: Analysis of the structure of the PdCu/ZrO 2 catalysts a) Structure – Phase analysis
- the powder X-ray diffractograms of the Cat A, Cat B and Cat C catalysts were carried out with a diffractometer MINIFLEX II from the Rigaku brand, whose X-radiation emitted via tube and a copper source (wavelength K ⁇ 1.54 ⁇ ).
- Figures 3 and 4 represent respectively the X-ray diffractogram obtained for the Cat A, Cat B and Cat C catalysts.
- the results resulting from the analysis of the various diffractograms obtained for the Cat A, Cat B and Cat C catalysts are presented respectively in the tables 22, 23 and 24 below.
- Table 22 Cat A Catalyst Phase Analysis
- Table 23 Cat B Catalyst Phase Analysis
- Table 24 Analysis of the phases of the Cat C catalyst
- the diffractograms show the presence of crystallized phases.
- the XRD analyzes indicate that the same crystalline phase of baddeleyite (ZrO 2 ) is present in the three catalysts with the presence of a phase of palladium oxide.
- the phases of copper monoxide and palladium in the metallic state are observed.
- the diffraction peaks of the Cat A and Cat B catalysts are distinguished from the peaks of the Baddeleyite phase of the support.
- the peaks of Cat A being narrower in width than those of Cat B.
- the crystallinity of materials is characterized by the size of the crystallites.
- the size of the crystallites was estimated qualitatively in order to compare the different ZrO 2 supports of the Cat A and Cat B catalysts.
- the Cat B and Cat C catalysts were prepared with the ZrO 2 support identical to that used in Yuqing Jia et al. (Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 36, 2015, 1552-1559) marketed by Alfa Aesar.
- Table 25 Crystallite sizes
- the support used in Yuqing Jia et al. is a commercial ZrO 2 oxide powder from Alfa Aesar, exhibiting a pore volume of 0.27 cc/g with a specific surface area of more than 85 m2/g (BET).
- the low value of the sizes is an indicator of a structure of low crystallinity. Indeed, the smaller the crystallites, the wider the diffraction peaks. This effect becomes visible for crystallites less than 1 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the results indicate that the catalyst prepared with the ZrO 2 support from Sterm and the catalysts prepared with the ZrO 2 support from Alfa Aesar have crystallite sizes of 31 nm and 9 nm respectively.
- Cat A and Cat B catalysts are distinguished by the microstructure of the ZrO2 support. Besides the characteristic related to the specific surface, these results show that the supports of the Cat A and Cat B catalysts are different by their microstructure.
- catalysts prepared with a ZrO 2 support having a crystallite size of about 30 nm used for preparation steps A and B of ethylene glycol are more effective than PdCu/ZrO 2 catalysts prepared with a more polycrystalline ZrO 2 support and of lower crystallinity having a crystallite size of approximately 9 nm.
- Example 26 Morphology and analysis of the composition The SEM images in figures 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were taken using a Zeiss SEM-FEG scanning microscope at controlled pressure, making it possible to observe materials with low or no conductivity without specific preparation L The sample was stabilized on adhesive carbon paper to allow SEM observation. It should therefore be noted that the content of the carbon element can be associated with the use of the latter.
- Table 26 Chemical composition of the Cat A catalyst Catalyst: Pd(2%)/ZrO 2 (Sterm)
- Sterm The SEM observations of the Pd(2%)/ZrO2 catalyst prepared with the ZrO 2 support from Sterm reveal a morphology similar to that of the Cat A catalyst, namely elongated entangled particles of heterogeneous thickness less than one micrometer forming clusters.
- Cat B Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 (monoclinic phase) Alfa Aesar Figure 6 shows the SEM images of the Cat B catalyst.
- Table 28 Chemical composition of the Cat C catalyst Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst
- Figure 7 shows the SEM images of the Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al catalyst 2 O 3 .
- the SEM observations reveal the presence of a population of macroscopic particles of globally spherical agglomerated morphology of a few tens of micrometers presenting on the surface a porous morphology of alveolar appearance.
- Figure 8 shows the SEM images of the Pd(2%)Ag(15%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
- the SEM observations reveal the presence of a population of macroscopic particles of globally spherical agglomerated morphology of a few tens of micrometers presenting on the surface a porous morphology of alveolar appearance.
- the particles have the same appearance and morphology as the Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
- Example 27 Surface Study of XPS Catalysts The analyzes are carried out with a PHI QUANTES photoemission spectrometer.
- This device is equipped with a monochromated X-ray source (K ⁇ line of aluminum) as well as a chrome X-ray source allowing to make Hard XPS, a charge neutralization system for electrical insulating samples and of a hemispherical electron analyzer.
- the XPS analyzes were carried out on the catalysts: - Cat A: Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ZrO 2 (Sterm) (see spectra in Figure 1) - Pd(2%)/ZrO 2 (Sterm) catalyst (see spectrum in Figure 9) - Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalysts (cf spectrum of figure 10) - Pd(2%)Ag(15%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
- a ZrO 2 reference powder was measured in order to be able to extract the Zr3p signal, namely Zr3p3 at 332.9 eV and Zr3p1 at 346.61 eV.
- the presence of Pd2+ is confirmed by the corresponding Pd3d5/2 signal (located at 337.5 eV) which is visible.
- Pd(2%)/ZrO 2 catalyst (Sterm) (cf. figure 9) Pd3d spectrum
- the Zr3d spectra overlap, at least in terms of energy. The width is a bit larger, the cause may be the differential load. This correspondence of binding energies should be found in the case of Pd3d.
- the Pd3d is interfered by the Zr3p signal.
- Table 29 Binding energies of the XPS spectrum of the Pd(2%)Cu(10%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst Pd(2%)Ag(15%)/ ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst. (cf spectrum in figure 11 and table 30 below) Ag3d spectrum
- the Ag3d spectrum is not difficult to interpret and required a comparison of reference spectra (metallic Ag spectrum). An analysis of the Auger signals shows that it is a mixture of Ag oxides (I and II).
- Pd3d spectrum As far as the Pd3d spectrum is concerned, the energy position is a little lower, 337.2 eV, with an additional component at lower binding energy; the Pd3d peaks for the sample are broader. There is therefore a difference of 0.3 eV between the position of the Pd5/2 peak between the two samples.
- Table 30 Binding energies of the XPS spectrum of the catalyst
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024534640A JP2025500819A (ja) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | 新規の不均一二元金属触媒、その調製方法および一酸化炭素からのエチレングリコールの合成におけるその使用 |
| EP22830876.3A EP4448167A2 (fr) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Catalyseur heterogene bimetallique, son procede de preparation et son utilisation pour la synthese d'ethylene glycol a partir de monoxyde de carbone |
| US18/719,496 US20250136535A1 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst, method for preparing same and use thereof in the synthesis of ethylene glycol from carbon monoxide |
| CN202280091553.5A CN118695901A (zh) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | 多相双金属催化剂、其制备方法及其在由一氧化碳合成乙二醇中的用途 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2113380 | 2021-12-13 | ||
| FR2113380A FR3130267A1 (fr) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Nouveau catalyseur hétérogène bimétallique, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation pour la synthèse d’éthylène glycol à partir de monoxyde de carbone. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023110929A2 true WO2023110929A2 (fr) | 2023-06-22 |
| WO2023110929A3 WO2023110929A3 (fr) | 2023-08-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2022/085704 Ceased WO2023110929A2 (fr) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Nouveau catalyseur hétérogène bimétallique, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation pour la synthèse d'éthylène glycol à partir de monoxyde de carbone |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250136535A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4448167A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025500819A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118695901A (fr) |
| FR (2) | FR3130267A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023110929A2 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3092072B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-07 | 2022-03-02 | Fujian Institute Of Research On The Structure Of Matter, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Procédé de carbonylation en phase vapeur de méthanol en formiate de méthyle |
| CN106669731A (zh) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-17 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种用于聚醚多元醇胺化的催化剂及其制备方法和利用该催化剂制备聚醚胺的方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 FR FR2113380A patent/FR3130267A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-13 CN CN202280091553.5A patent/CN118695901A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-13 EP EP22830876.3A patent/EP4448167A2/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-13 WO PCT/EP2022/085704 patent/WO2023110929A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-13 US US18/719,496 patent/US20250136535A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-13 JP JP2024534640A patent/JP2025500819A/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-13 FR FR2213273A patent/FR3130173A1/fr active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| KUDOH, Y. ET AL., PHYS CHEM MINERALS, vol. 13, 1986, pages 233 - 237 |
| MCCULLOUGH J D. ET AL., ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA, vol. 12, 1959, pages 507 - 511 |
| YUQING ET AL., CHINESE JOURNAL OF CAALYSIS, vol. 36, 2015, pages 1552 - 1559 |
| YUQING JIA ET AL., CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS, vol. 36, 2015, pages 1552 - 1559 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118695901A (zh) | 2024-09-24 |
| FR3130267A1 (fr) | 2023-06-16 |
| FR3130173A1 (fr) | 2023-06-16 |
| JP2025500819A (ja) | 2025-01-15 |
| EP4448167A2 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
| US20250136535A1 (en) | 2025-05-01 |
| WO2023110929A3 (fr) | 2023-08-10 |
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