WO2023083869A1 - Verfahren zur eliminierung störender nebenprodukte in der direkten oxidativen veresterung von methacrolein - Google Patents
Verfahren zur eliminierung störender nebenprodukte in der direkten oxidativen veresterung von methacrolein Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023083869A1 WO2023083869A1 PCT/EP2022/081278 EP2022081278W WO2023083869A1 WO 2023083869 A1 WO2023083869 A1 WO 2023083869A1 EP 2022081278 W EP2022081278 W EP 2022081278W WO 2023083869 A1 WO2023083869 A1 WO 2023083869A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/44—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation-reduction of aldehydes, e.g. Tishchenko reaction
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07C67/39—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/51—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
- C07C45/511—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of singly bound oxygen functional groups to >C = O groups
- C07C45/515—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of singly bound oxygen functional groups to >C = O groups the singly bound functional group being an acetalised, ketalised hemi-acetalised, or hemi-ketalised hydroxyl group
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
- C07C47/20—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C47/21—Unsaturated compounds having —CHO groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
- C07C47/22—Acryaldehyde; Methacryaldehyde
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/52—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C67/54—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/58—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/60—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to chemical modification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/62—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optimized process for the production of methyl methacrylate, this MMA and polymers produced from it being distinguished by a very low yellow value.
- the MMA is produced by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein.
- the present invention relates to an optimized processing of the reactor discharge from the oxidative esterification of methacrolein, by means of which particularly coloring by-products are removed or broken down without significant MMA losses.
- Methyl methacrylate is used in large quantities to produce polymers and copolymers with other polymerizable compounds. Furthermore, methyl methacrylate is an important building block for various special esters based on methacrylic acid (MAA), which can be produced by transesterification with the corresponding alcohol. This results in a great interest in manufacturing processes for this starting material that are as simple, economical and environmentally friendly as possible. It is of particular interest to provide methyl methacrylate (MMA) or other alkyl methacrylates which lead to slight yellowing during the polymerization.
- MAA methacrylic acid
- MMA is now produced using a variety of processes that start from C 2 - C 3 - or C -building blocks.
- MMA is obtained by oxidizing isobutylene or tert-butanol with atmospheric oxygen in the gas phase at heterogeneous contact to form methacrolein and subsequent oxidative esterification reaction of methacrolein using methanol.
- This method developed by ASAHI, is described, inter alia, in the publications US Pat. No. 5,969,178 and US Pat. No. 7,012,039. Disadvantage of this method is in particular a very high energy demand.
- the methacrolein is obtained from propanal and formaldehyde in the first stage. Such a method is described in WO 2014/170223.
- a mixture of methacrolein and methanol is separated from the crude product of the oxidative esterification as overhead condensate of a rectification column, while low-boiling components, which contain acetone, for example, are removed overhead as vapors.
- the MMA-containing and low-methacrolein bottoms are then fed into a second distillation stage, with a saturated hydrocarbon, which is selected, for example, from hexane, heptane, octane and their isomers, being added to the top reflux of this second distillation stage.
- This saturated hydrocarbon forms an azeotrope with the methanol in the second distillation stage - for example the methanol/n-hexane azeotrope with a boiling point of 49.9 °C - whereby the methanol is separated from the MMA-containing phase that remains in the bottom.
- water also forms an azeotrope with the saturated hydrocarbon, such as the water/n-hexane azeotrope with a boiling point at 61.6° C., and is also separated from the MMA.
- a crude MMA remains in the bottom of the distillation column, which, in addition to the MMA, also contains other high-boiling products, such as, for example, methacrylic acid.
- the two azeotropes of methanol and water are condensed with the saturated hydrocarbon and fed into a phase separator. If required, fresh, saturated hydrocarbon can be added to this condensate stream in the form of a "make-up".
- the upper phase in the phase separator mainly contains the saturated hydrocarbon and is fed back to the second distillation stage as runback.
- the lower phase in the phase separator is passed into a third distillation stage, where a mixture of methanol and water is obtained as the bottom product.
- This mixture can then be fed to a dewatering between isobutene or tert-butanol oxidation to methacrolein and the actual direct oxidative esterification, as a result of which the amount of water in the direct oxidative esterification is reduced.
- the top product from the third distillation stage consists of the two azeotropes of methanol or water with the saturated hydrocarbon used and is returned to the phase separator in condensed form.
- the educts of the direct oxidative esterification are recycled directly or indirectly and the raw MMA can then be purified to a sales quality.
- this top distillate can then be fed into the dewatering between isobutene or tert-butanol oxidation to methacrolein and the actual direct oxidative esterification, but in this case the MMA must be recovered separately from the bottom product of the dewatering, otherwise the yield methacrylic product decreases.
- the bottom product of the first distillation column also contains water and high boiler products such as methacrylic acid.
- this bottom product is phase-separated and the organic, MMA-containing phase is subjected to conventional work-up to remove high and low-boiling products in order to obtain commercial MMA quality.
- the aqueous phase is discarded, resulting in a loss of yield in the form of MMA or methacrylic acid dissolved in water.
- US Pat. No. 7,012,039 discloses a somewhat different work-up of the reactor effluent from the oxidative esterification.
- methacrolein is distilled off overhead via sieve trays and the aqueous, MMA-containing mixture is passed from the bottom into a phase separator.
- the mixture is adjusted to a pH of about 2 by adding sulfuric acid.
- the separation of the sulfuric acid water from the organic or oil phase is then carried out using centrifugation.
- this oil phase is separated into high-boiling components and a phase containing MMA, which is drawn off overhead.
- the MMA-containing phase is then separated from low-boiling components in a third distillation. This is followed by a fourth distillation for final purification.
- the process per se is problematic with regard to the production of on-spec and colorless MMA, in particular through the oxidation of isobutene to methacrolein as the first process step, since significant proportions of diacetyl are produced there in the gas phase; Diacetyl is a well-known yellowing agent for MMA and PMMA made from it, the trace concentration of which must be meticulously controlled. Furthermore, there is no indication in this prior art of the amounts in which acetals of methacrolein, in particular of methacrolein dimethyl acetal, are formed and how these are treated and removed physically or chemically in the process.
- WO 2014/170223 describes a similar method to US 7,012,039. The only difference is that in the actual reaction, the pH value is adjusted by adding a methanolic sodium hydroxide solution in a circuit. This serves, among other things, to protect the catalytic converter. Furthermore, the separation of the aqueous phase in the phase separation is easier due to the salt content. It leads but also to the fact that the resulting methacrylic acid is present as a sodium salt and is later separated and discarded with the aqueous phase. In the case of the variant of adding sulfuric acid in the phase separation, the free acid is indeed recovered. However, sodium (hydrogen) sulfate accumulates, which can lead to other problems during disposal.
- EP 33 501 53 B1 (WO 2017/046110) teaches an optimized processing of the crude MMA obtained from an oxidative esterification, wherein the crude MMA is first separated from a heavy phase and then an alcohol-containing light phase is distilled off from this heavy phase , which in turn can be recycled.
- the methacrolein was obtained on the basis of propanal and formaldehyde, with the former being obtained on the basis of C2 building blocks, e.g. from ethylene and synthesis gas.
- the patent teaches the processing of MMA-containing product mixture from a direct, oxidative esterification of methacrolein and methanol to MMA by unreacted educts, methacrolein and methanol, being drawn off overhead by distillation in a first distillation column and recycled into the reactor of the direct, oxidative esterification.
- the mixture of MMA, water and methanol obtained in the bottom also contains free methacrylic acid and the corresponding alkali metal salt and small amounts of methacrolein dimethyl acetal. This mixture is acidified and additional water is added.
- phase separation then takes place in a phase separator, followed by an extraction of the organic, upper phase.
- phase separator In this sequence of work-up steps, it is mentioned that the corresponding acetal is also split. However, no information is given as to how complete the cleavage of the acetal is and it is left open how the cleavage products methacrolein and methanol are worked up directly or indirectly. In addition, this teaching leaves open how much of the acetal remains in the final pure MMA and what impact this has on product quality for applications.
- methyl isobutyrate formed as a by-product in the process also appears to play a role in discoloration.
- the concept was now proposed to further convert the reactor discharge from the oxidative esterification in another reactor with reduced alcohol content, increased water content and lower pH.
- this method requires an additional reaction device.
- this reactor must be designed to be relatively large in order to achieve a residence time sufficient for the relevant reduction in by-products.
- the patent application teaches the treatment of a product mixture from the direct, oxidative esterification, with initially unreacted methacrolein and methanol being removed by distillation and the remaining bottom fraction containing MMA, water, methanol, free methacrylic acid and the corresponding alkali metal salt and small amounts of methacrolein-di -methyl acetal, is contacted with additional water and acid in an additional reactor, whereby substantial hydrolysis of the acetal is achieved.
- the acetal hydrolysis and the hydrolysis of methyl isobutyrate are described in various embodiments, such as a continuous stirred tank, a plug-flow reactor, a phase separator, or a column bottom.
- the object of the present invention to provide a technically improved process for an oxidative esterification of methacrolein for the production of MMA which, when processed further, leads to a particularly low yellowing of the subsequent products.
- the present invention was based on the object of efficiently removing the by-product DMIB, which is produced during the oxidative esterification of methacrolein and in particular leads to yellowing of the secondary products, from the MMA.
- the task was also to avoid by-products that lead to yellowing in such a way that the loss of MMA, in particular e.g. in the form of MMA hydrolysis to methacrylic acid, is as low as possible.
- This method has the following method steps: a. Production of methacrolein in a reactor I, b. oxidative esterification of methacrolein in the presence of an alcohol, oxygen and a heterogeneous catalyst containing noble metals in at least one reactor II c. Distillation of the reactor discharge from reactor II in a distillation column I to remove methacrolein and parts of the methanol, d. optionally a pretreatment of the bottom discharge from process step c comprising steps i. adding an acid to change the pH, ii. adding water to obtain a two-phase mixture and iii. reactively treating at least part of the mixture of ii, and e. an extraction of the bottom from distillation column I or at least one organic phase of the bottom discharge from distillation column I in an extraction I.
- the invention is characterized in particular in that the amount of methacrolein in the organic discharge from extraction I is greater than the amount of methacrolein in the bottom discharge from distillation column I. According to the invention, this is achieved in particular by the hydrolytic conversion of methacrolein-based acetals and hemiacetals. This in turn is preferably realized by carrying out the reaction by means of a reactive distillation and/or reactive extraction.
- the invention is additionally characterized in that the amount of methacrylic acid in the organic output from extraction I differs by less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, from the amount of methacrylic acid in the bottom output of distillation column I, with this being due to the methacrylic acid and its salts relates to the bottom discharge of the distillation column I.
- This is achieved by combining acetal cleavage in a reactor designed for this purpose with an extraction apparatus in which hydrolysis also takes place.
- the direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein to MMA proceeds with a selectivity to MMA of greater than 90%.
- a selectivity to methacrylic acid of between 1% and 5% achieved, and a selectivity to methyl 3-methoxyisobutyrate between 0.5% and 3% found.
- the process according to the invention permits a hydrolysis of the DMIB of more than 90%, but at the same time it allows the undesired hydrolysis of the MMA to form methacrylic acid to be reduced to a hydrolysis conversion of less than 3%.
- the undesired hydrolysis can preferably be reduced to a conversion of less than 1%, very particularly preferably to a conversion of less than 0.5%.
- distillation column I and extraction I are each designed to be acid-resistant, and that an organic and/or mineral acid is passed into the reactor stream from reactor II and/or into the bottom of distillation column I.
- This added acid preferably has a pKa value which is 1, preferably at least 2, lower than that of methacrylic acid.
- the bottom discharge from distillation column I is passed in its entirety into extraction I, preferably into the bottom of extraction I.
- the acid is added, with liberation of methacrylic acid from the alkaline (earth) methacrylate, preferably either already in the distillation column I or in the bottom effluent of the distillation column I.
- the bottom discharge from distillation column I is first passed into a phase separator I, in which a separation into an organic, methacrolein-rich phase, which is in particular a phase consisting predominantly of MMA, and a polar, water-rich phase phase takes place.
- the phase separation is facilitated by the addition of water and the addition of an acid, with the bottom discharge from the distillation column undergoing a pH change.
- the organic phase is then fed into the extraction I, while the polar phase is transferred to a distillation column IV.
- Alcohol fractions, in particular methanol fractions can be separated from the aqueous phase in this distillation column IV.
- the alcohol-containing overhead fraction can then be recycled directly or indirectly into reactor II, while the aqueous bottom fraction can be disposed of.
- the bottom fraction from extraction I can also be fed into this distillation column IV.
- a reactor III between the distillation column I and the extraction I, in which the bottom discharge from the distillation column I is thermally treated with the addition of water before it is fed into the extraction I.
- This reactor III has the task of bringing about hydrolytic cleavage of methacrolein-containing acetals and hemiacetals.
- a reactor III is located between the distillation column I and the phase separator I, in which the bottom discharge from the distillation column I is thermally treated with the addition of water.
- This reactor III has the task of bringing about hydrolytic cleavage of methacrolein-containing acetals and hemiacetals.
- the acid can be fed to the bottom stream from the distillation column I before it is introduced into the extraction I. In variants I or II, this takes place, for example, before reactor III or directly in reactor III. In the second embodiment, it is preferred to conduct the acid upstream of the phase separator I and/or directly into the extraction I.
- the acid is particularly preferably added before the phase separator I and optionally before the reactor III.
- the addition of the acid at these described positions has the advantage that the (earth) alkali metal salts from reactor II are preformed and are mostly present in the polar phase, as a result of which the subsequent phase separation and extraction I proceed more efficiently.
- addition of the acid at more than one position is conceivable.
- the reactor discharge in distillation column I preferably has an average residence time of between 1 and 30 minutes, in particular between 1 and 20 minutes, at a temperature between 30 and 100.degree.
- the bottoms transferred from distillation column I, together with the acid transferred at the same time remain in extraction I at a temperature of between 10 and 100° C., preferably at most 90° C. and particularly preferably between 20 and 60° C., for 1 to 20 minutes.
- reactor III preferably has an average residence time of between 10 seconds and 30 minutes, in particular between 1 and 5 minutes at a temperature of between 20 and 100° C., with the reaction mixture in reactor III preferably being turbulently mixed.
- the reactor stream mixed with an organic and/or mineral acid from reactor II there are several alternatives with regard to the supply of the reactor stream mixed with an organic and/or mineral acid from reactor II. It is also possible, albeit less preferred, to feed the acid directly into the distillation column I, which is then mandatory in this embodiment designed to be acid-resistant. Alternatively, the mixture can also be mixed with another stream before it is fed into distillation column I. Furthermore, the stream can also be fed into extraction I or previously mixed with another stream before being fed into extraction I. Alternatively, the acid can also be fed into the feed of reactor III or directly into reactor III. It is also possible, although not preferred, to pass the acid and the reactor discharge separately into the distillation column I or into the extraction I.
- steps a to e are carried out, optionally supplemented by intermediate steps, in succession in the order given and in continuous operation.
- steps b to d are carried out without such intermediate steps, while the methacrolein (MAL) from process step a. before use in process step b. first cleaned and drained.
- MAL methacrolein
- the reaction in reactor II preferably takes place at a water content of between 0.1 and 10% by weight and a pH of between 5 and 8.
- Process step a is preferably the reaction of propanal with formaldehyde in the presence of at least one acid and optionally an amine, ie a process step which starts from C2 building blocks.
- the inventive method can be applied to the combinations of such a C2-based method for preparing the methacrolein and a subsequent oxidative esterification to form an alkyl methacrylate in method step b. This relates in particular to the descriptions for such a combination of method steps a and b as can be found, for example, in DE 3,213,681, US Pat.
- Process step a in reactor I is preferably the reaction of propanal with formaldehyde in the presence of at least one acid and optionally one amine.
- the propanal is particularly preferably obtained from a C2 process.
- the C2 process describes processes which start from a C2 building block in the synthesis of an alkyl methacrylate.
- particular preference is given to obtaining the propanal for process step a) on the basis of ethylene and synthesis gas.
- the alcohol in process step b is preferably methanol and the alkyl methacrylate is MMA.
- the top product from extraction I can also be separated by distillation into an MMA-containing phase and a low-boiling phase, with the starting materials from process step b being in the low-boiling phase.
- This low boiler phase in turn breaks down into an organic and an aqueous phase.
- Portions of the aqueous phase and/or the organic phase contain components that are difficult to separate from MMA, such as methyl isobutyrate or methyl propionate, and can therefore optionally be discharged from the process instead of being fully recycled into the process.
- the acid can be added in process step d in such a way that it is passed directly into the bottom of the distillation column I.
- the acid can also be fed to the feed line from, for example, reactor II.
- the crude product from reactor II it is also possible for the crude product from reactor II to be provided with the acid first in a mixing chamber before this mixture is fed into the distillation column I.
- the combination of column design and choice of acid must be taken into account.
- no acid should be selected that forms a poorly soluble salt with potentially present ions, such as sodium ions.
- methanesulfonic acid for example, can be used instead of sulfuric acid if the acid is added to the bottom of the column.
- the acid used is particularly preferably sulfuric acid.
- Sulfuric acid includes concentrated sulfuric acid, but also aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid.
- the use of an aqueous sulfuric acid with a sulfuric acid content of at least 10% by weight is preferred.
- the distillation in distillation column I is preferably carried out at a bottom temperature of between 50 and 100.degree. This internal temperature, measured in the liquid phase, depends in particular on the internal pressure and on the precise design of the distillation column used. Columns with intermediate trays, packing material or a larger internal volume can generally be operated at different temperatures than columns that do not have the respective configurations.
- additional water can be introduced into the bottom of the distillation column I to improve the results.
- the acid is particularly preferably added to the outflow from the bottom of the distillation column I.
- the acid preferably sulfuric acid
- the sulfuric acid can be concentrated, but aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid can also be used; the use of an aqueous sulfuric acid with a sulfuric acid content is preferred of at least 10% by weight.
- this additional acid in the extraction can result in a further reduction in the by-product content, in particular the DMIB.
- the person skilled in the art can easily determine whether, in the chosen embodiment, an additional addition of acid in extraction I has a positive effect, or whether the acid carried over from process step d in extraction I is sufficient.
- method step e can be regarded as a reactive extraction.
- the cleavage of the methacrolein-containing acetals by means of water in an acidic environment is carried out using the process according to the invention in such a way that, after isolation, MMA can be achieved in a commercial quality with DMIB contents below 90 ppm.
- the extraction I in process step d is preferably a mixer-settler.
- other devices such as, for example, a centrifugal extraction or a stirred cell extraction can also be used.
- the combination of a PlugFlow reactor as reactor III and a settler as phase separator I before extraction I has also proven to be very favorable.
- additional water can also be fed in with one of these variants.
- the medium used as extractant is preferably water, aqueous sulfuric acid or at least a proportion of the bottom stream from distillation column IV.
- process step e is followed by isolation and purification steps.
- These cleaning stages can be phase separators, distillation columns such as high and low boiler columns or crystallization chambers. It is preferably optionally at least one phase separator, at least one high boiler column and at least one low boiler column.
- the bottom discharge from distillation column I is separated into a phase containing alkyl methacrylate, in particular MMA, and a polar phase containing the acid used and salts thereof.
- a phase containing alkyl methacrylate, in particular MMA and a polar phase containing the acid used and salts thereof.
- formed methacrylic acid or other light organic acids can remain predominantly in the MMA-containing phase.
- the MMA-containing phase is then preferably passed into a distillation column II.
- This distillation column II is preferably a distillation column for removing high-boiling components from the MMA phase.
- This distillation column II is particularly preferably designed to be acid-resistant.
- the distillation column II is a distillation column for separating off low-boiling components from the MMA phase.
- an acid preferably sulfuric acid, in particular aqueous sulfuric acid
- the bottom of this distillation column II is then passed into an acid-resistant designed distillation column III for the separation of high-boiling components from the MMA phase, so that in this particular embodiment the MMA-containing stream in four different process steps with the acid at a higher temperature, each time further reducing the level of by-products.
- the present invention is characterized in particular by the fact that in process step c in the bottom of the distillation column I the absolute water content is at least 2% by weight, preferably at least 3% by weight, particularly preferably at least 4% by weight higher than in reactor II
- the absolute water content difference can also be 20% by weight or even more than 30% by weight higher than in reactor II.
- this new method is characterized in that the pH value in the bottom discharge of the distillation column I after addition of the acid is generally between 0.5 and 7, preferably between 0.5 and 4, in particular between 0.5 and 3 is at least 0.5 lower than that set in reactor II.
- the pH values in extraction I are generally between 0.5 and 7.
- the acid can be added according to embodiments 1 and 2 and their variants I and II.
- the pH is preferably between 0.5 and 4, in particular between 0.5 and 3, and is preferably at least 0.5 lower than in reactor II.
- the alkyl methacrylates produced according to the invention in particular MMA produced according to the invention, lead to particularly color-free end products.
- the products are often subjected to degassing and the recyclates obtained through this degassing are returned to the polymerization in order to be used in a further polymerization step.
- This can lead to an accumulation of by-products, especially those with a lower vapor pressure during the process.
- This enrichment in particular of dimethoxyisobutene (DMIB) and methyl isobutyrate, leads to an increasing yellowing of the polymer in later batches.
- DMIB dimethoxyisobutene
- methyl isobutyrate leads to an increasing yellowing of the polymer in later batches.
- a surprisingly identified negative effect caused by the DMIB in an alkyl methacrylate resin and the secondary products produced therefrom is, in addition to the yellowing, reduced thermal stability of the polymer produced from the alkyl methacrylate. This is due to greater degradation of the polymer chain during thermal processing and is particularly evident when processing to form a shaped body and when processing a polymer syrup.
- a further advantage of the present invention is that an alkyl methacrylate produced according to the invention does not have these disadvantages in relation to the polymers produced from it.
- novel alkyl methacrylates which can be obtained, for example, as a product from process steps a to e according to the invention, are also part of the present invention. These novel alkyl methacrylates are distinguished by the fact that the alkyl methacrylate must contain DMIB as a component. In addition, the alkyl methacrylate usually also has methyl isobutyrate.
- these alkyl methacrylates are those which can be prepared by means of a very advantageous process which starts from a C2 instead of a C3 or C4 base as the basic building block of the methacrylate synthesis.
- this alkyl methacrylate in particular is that although it has DMIB compared to the materials described in the prior art, this is present in an unknown content of less than 90 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm, very particularly preferably less than 20 ppm. Contents of less than 90 ppm are particularly suitable for producing methacrylate resins without any visible yellowing.
- the alkyl methacrylate according to the invention also preferably has a methyl isobutyrate content of less than 250 ppm, particularly preferably less than 200 ppm and particularly preferably less than 170 ppm.
- MAL can also be fed directly into 1
- phase separator I 13 - Effluent from phase separator I - aqueous phase (salt rich)
- 16 - distillate stream of the distillation column IV - can optionally be returned to reactor II or to 5 or to 6
- Extraction water can come proportionately from 14
- the reaction mixture obtained was fed to a distillation column (distillation column I) together with the fresh methacrolein; the pressure of the column at the top was 1000 mbar absolute, the reflux ratio was 1.00 and the bottom temperature was 73° C. on average. On average, the feed to the column was just under 2800 g/h and the bottom discharge was around 1180 g/h.
- n.d. not detectable.
- the detection limit is less than 5 ppm using GC-FID.
- the MMA content in the organic phase of the phase separator was analyzed and showed an (absolute) decrease of 0.4%, while the total methacrylic acid content increased by (absolute) 0.3%.
- this refers to the increase in methacrylic acid in the organic phase, but also in the aqueous phase of the phase separator, with the content being determined by means of HPLC in order to rule out that there is a lower result due to remaining methacrylic acid.
- the organic phase was then run into the bottom of an extraction column, the extraction being carried out in a countercurrent process as a stirred cell extraction.
- the extraction parameters were analogous to the previous reactor 40°C and the pH was 2.
- the ratio of organics to extraction water was 3.9 (weight basis).
- n.d. not detectable.
- the detection limit is less than 5 ppm using GC-FID.
- the extraction water used was distilled water. It should be noted that the aqueous phase of the phase separator and the aqueous phase of the extraction can optionally be run together into a second distillation column in order to remove the remaining organics there by distillation.
- the sulfuric acid bottom product obtained from this distillation column can be used, at least in part, for acidification in the stirred tank and as extraction water, as a result of which the requirement for fresh water and fresh sulfuric acid in the process can be reduced.
- the release of methacrolein can also be determined on the basis of the analyzes and flows:
- the crude MMA obtained was purified using a high-boiling distillation column and a low-boiling distillation column and restabilized to a sales quality in a final pure distillation column.
- the MMA quality obtained is shown in Table 1.
- Examples 1 and 2 showed that, at low pH values, most of the acetal cleavage takes place in the stirred tank, and that acetal contents of less than 20 ppm can thus be achieved. As the pH increases, the proportion of conversion shifts in the direction of extraction, overall, however, conversions of more than 97% cannot be achieved, which would be necessary for a pure MMA with an acetal content of less than 20 ppm.
- the aqueous sulfuric acid was fed into the bottom of the distillation column I with the same mass flow as in Example 1, resulting in a pH of 2.
- the mixing resulted from the thermally induced circulation in the bottom of the column.
- the residence time in the bottom of the column was about 10 minutes.
- the stirred tank was dispensed with and the bottom of the column was run directly into the phase separation.
- the achieved conversion of acetal cleavage at the bottom of the column was greater than 99%, but due to the longer residence time and the higher temperature, side reactions or polymerisation formed, which resulted in a brown-colored mulm phase between the organic and the aqueous phase separation Phase formed, which disturbed the level control of the phase separation and the mass flow in the extraction fluctuated.
- Example 4 tubular reactor instead of the stirred tank for acetal cleavage
- the tubular reactor was operated at 80° C. by preheating the feed streams and jacket heating.
- Example 2 Downstream of the tube reactor, the reaction mixture was cooled to 40° C. and the phases were separated analogously to Example 1.
- the conversion of the acetal cleavage was determined by GC analysis and was 96.1%, which is higher than with the stirred tank.
- Example 6 Acetal Cleavage in a Stirred Tank at Elevated Temperature and Elevated Residence Time
- the MMA content in the organic phase of the phase separator decreased by 5.4%.
- the methacrylic acid content in the aqueous and organic phase of the phase separator increased by a total of 4.5%. In total, this refers to the increase in methacrylic acid in the organic phase, but also in the aqueous phase of the phase separator, with the content being determined by means of HPLC in order to rule out that there is a lower result due to remaining methacrylic acid. This suggests that as the temperature rises, the MMA is hydrolyzed into methacrylic acid.
- Examples 5 and 6 show that at elevated temperatures and/or residence times, in addition to an increased conversion of the acetal cleavage, there is also a noticeable hydrolysis of MMA, as a result of which valuable material is lost.
- Example 7 Acetal cleavage in a stirred tank with varied pH The experiment was carried out analogously to example 1, but the pH for the acetal cleavage was 1. The following conversions were achieved:
- the MMA content in the organic phase of the phase separator decreased by 2.5%.
- the methacrylic acid content in the aqueous and organic phase of the phase separator increased by a total of 2.1%. In total, this refers to the increase in methacrylic acid in the organic phase, but also in the aqueous phase of the phase separator, with the content being determined by means of HPLC in order to rule out that there is a lower result due to remaining methacrylic acid. This suggests that as the temperature rises, the MMA is hydrolyzed into methacrylic acid.
- Example 7 shows that a sufficiently high conversion in the acetal cleavage can also be achieved without the extraction, but at the cost of MMA loss and thus loss of the valuable substance or product of the process.
- Examples 5 to 7 are examples according to the invention, since the proportion of hydrolyzed MMA is still lower here than in the prior art and at the same time the acetals are efficiently cleaved.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2024527709A JP2024543443A (ja) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-09 | メタクロレインの直接酸化的エステル化における煩雑な二次生成物を除去する方法 |
| KR1020247019338A KR20240108464A (ko) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-09 | 메타크롤레인의 직접 산화성 에스테르화에서의 성가신 2차 생성물의 제거 방법 |
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| PCT/EP2022/081278 Ceased WO2023083869A1 (de) | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-09 | Verfahren zur eliminierung störender nebenprodukte in der direkten oxidativen veresterung von methacrolein |
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| KR (1) | KR20240108464A (de) |
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| WO (1) | WO2023083869A1 (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4408079A (en) | 1981-02-21 | 1983-10-04 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of alpha-alkylacroleins |
| DE3213681A1 (de) | 1982-04-14 | 1983-10-27 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von (alpha)-alkylacroleinen |
| US5969178A (en) | 1997-07-08 | 1999-10-19 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Using methacrolein and methanol as dehydration and absorption agents during production of methyl methacrylate |
| US7012039B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2006-03-14 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Oxide catalyst composition |
| CN103846104A (zh) | 2014-02-17 | 2014-06-11 | 河南颖泰农化股份有限公司 | 以丙醛、甲醛为原料合成异丁烯醛用催化剂及其应用 |
| WO2014170223A1 (de) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von methylmethacrylat |
| WO2017046110A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-23 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Extraktive aufarbeitung eines natriumsalzhaltigen mma-methanol gemisches |
| WO2017084969A1 (de) | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-26 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Gold-basierten katalysator für die oxidative veresterung von aldehyden zu carbonsäureestern |
| EP3194355A1 (de) | 2014-09-18 | 2017-07-26 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Optimiertes verfahren zur herstellung von methacrolein |
| EP3450422A1 (de) | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-06 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung optischer formmassen |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9580374B2 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2017-02-28 | Evonik Roehm Gmbh | Method for producing methacrolein and the conditioning/draining thereof for direct oxidative esterification |
| EP2886529A1 (de) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Evonik Industries AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methylmethacrylat |
| EP2886528A1 (de) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Evonik Industries AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von ungesättigten Estern ausgehend von Aldehyden durch Direkte Oxidative Veresterung |
| EP3235560A1 (de) | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-25 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Verfahren zur durchführung einer heterogen-katalysierten reaktion |
| BR112019023486A2 (pt) | 2017-05-09 | 2020-06-30 | Röhm Gmbh | processo para esterificação oxidativa de aldeídos a ésteres de ácido carboxílico |
| EP3587390A1 (de) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-01 | Röhm GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von mma in hohen ausbeuten |
| WO2020261720A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-30 | 旭化成株式会社 | メタクリル酸メチルの製造方法 |
| EP3760608A1 (de) | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-06 | Röhm GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkylmethacrylaten und optional methacrylsäure |
-
2022
- 2022-11-09 WO PCT/EP2022/081278 patent/WO2023083869A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-09 KR KR1020247019338A patent/KR20240108464A/ko active Pending
- 2022-11-09 US US18/054,109 patent/US12017987B2/en active Active
- 2022-11-09 JP JP2024527709A patent/JP2024543443A/ja active Pending
- 2022-11-11 CN CN202211411805.6A patent/CN116120174A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4408079A (en) | 1981-02-21 | 1983-10-04 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of alpha-alkylacroleins |
| DE3213681A1 (de) | 1982-04-14 | 1983-10-27 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von (alpha)-alkylacroleinen |
| US5969178A (en) | 1997-07-08 | 1999-10-19 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Using methacrolein and methanol as dehydration and absorption agents during production of methyl methacrylate |
| US7012039B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2006-03-14 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Oxide catalyst composition |
| WO2014170223A1 (de) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von methylmethacrylat |
| CN103846104A (zh) | 2014-02-17 | 2014-06-11 | 河南颖泰农化股份有限公司 | 以丙醛、甲醛为原料合成异丁烯醛用催化剂及其应用 |
| EP3194355A1 (de) | 2014-09-18 | 2017-07-26 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Optimiertes verfahren zur herstellung von methacrolein |
| WO2017046110A1 (de) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-23 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Extraktive aufarbeitung eines natriumsalzhaltigen mma-methanol gemisches |
| EP3350153B1 (de) | 2015-09-16 | 2019-06-05 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Extraktive aufarbeitung eines natriumsalzhaltigen mma-methanol gemisches |
| WO2017084969A1 (de) | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-26 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Gold-basierten katalysator für die oxidative veresterung von aldehyden zu carbonsäureestern |
| EP3450422A1 (de) | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-06 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung optischer formmassen |
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| KR20240108464A (ko) | 2024-07-09 |
| US20230150912A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
| CN116120174A (zh) | 2023-05-16 |
| US12017987B2 (en) | 2024-06-25 |
| JP2024543443A (ja) | 2024-11-21 |
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