WO2023068236A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023068236A1 WO2023068236A1 PCT/JP2022/038635 JP2022038635W WO2023068236A1 WO 2023068236 A1 WO2023068236 A1 WO 2023068236A1 JP 2022038635 W JP2022038635 W JP 2022038635W WO 2023068236 A1 WO2023068236 A1 WO 2023068236A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet mainly used for iron cores of transformers, electric motors, generators, etc., especially iron cores of small generators and small electric motors, or winding cores and EI cores.
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which twinning is unlikely to occur even when subjected to shearing or the like, and a method for producing the same.
- Grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel sheets are widely used as iron core materials for various transformers, electric motors, generators, etc.
- grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are highly concentrated in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation known as the Goss orientation, so they have high magnetic flux density and low iron loss. It is characterized by having good iron loss characteristics, which directly leads to the reduction of energy loss.
- grain-oriented electrical steel sheets When such grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are used to manufacture iron cores for small generators and small electric motors, or EI cores, etc., they are subjected to a leveler process for correcting the shape of the coil, followed by punching or shearing. often do However, during the leveler treatment, punching, and shearing, the steel sheet may undergo twinning deformation, resulting in cracking, chipping, or warping, which may cause manufacturing troubles. Also, when manufacturing a wound core, twinning may occur when a steel sheet is wound and deformed into a core shape, degrading the magnetic properties.
- Patent Document 1 by reducing S and N in the raw material components and adding 0.5 to 5.0 mass% of the SO 3 component mass of the SO 3 compound to the annealing separator, twinning is achieved. Techniques for suppressing the generation have been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 describes a technique for forming a forsterite coating with excellent coating properties by including a Ti compound in an annealing separator, wherein the Ti concentration of the steel sheet including the forsterite coating is 1 with respect to the N concentration. Techniques have been proposed to prevent cracking during shearing and bending by reducing N in the steel to a range of 0.0 to 2.0 times.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for reducing the number of origins of twinning by refining the secondary recrystallized grain size in the direction perpendicular to rolling (C direction) and reducing the unevenness of the film/base iron interface. It is
- Refining the secondary grain size in the direction perpendicular to rolling, as described in Patent Document 3, is effective in reducing twins. , the secondary recrystallized grains are coarsened, so there is room for improvement in that strict control is required.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances of the prior art.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that does not suffer from cracking or chipping due to twinning deformation even in applications that undergo strong processing, such as iron cores and winding cores of small generators, and that does not deteriorate in magnetic properties. to propose.
- the inventors have developed a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having good coating properties, which has a Ti-containing forsterite coating as a base coating formed by applying an annealing separator containing a Ti compound. Extensive experiments were conducted, and measures to reduce the twinning rate compared to the conventional technology were examined. As a result, it was found that the oxygen basis weight of the undercoat and the amount of Ti contained in the undercoat have a great effect on the occurrence of twins. The inventors have newly found that it is effective to increase the oxygen basis weight and limit the amount of Ti in the undercoat, and have developed the present invention. That is, the gist and configuration of the present invention are as follows.
- a steel slab having a chemical composition containing 0.005 to 0.03 mass% and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities is hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet, and the hot-rolled sheet is subjected to one or intermediate annealing.
- a cold-rolled sheet is obtained by sandwiching and cold-rolling two or more times, and the cold-rolled sheet is subjected to primary recrystallization annealing, then an annealing separator is applied, and then finish annealing is performed to obtain a finish-annealed sheet.
- a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising applying a coating liquid to an annealed sheet and performing flattening annealing to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet,
- the oxygen basis weight on the surface of the steel sheet after the primary recrystallization annealing is 1.5 g/m 2 or more and 2.1 g/m 2 or less, and as the annealing separator, TiO 2 is 0.6 per 100 parts by mass of MgO.
- a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet characterized by using an annealing separator containing up to 2.7 parts by mass, and setting the rate of temperature increase between 700 to 950°C in the final annealing to 15°C/h or more. .
- the chemical composition of the steel slab further includes Al: 0.003 to 0.015 mass%, N: 0.001 to 0.007 mass%, Cu: 0.01 to 0.14 mass%, Ni: 0.01 to 0. .3 mass%, Cr: 0.01 to 0.06 mass%, Sb: 0.004 to 0.04 mass%, Sn: 0.005 to 0.04 mass%, Mo: 0.01 to 0.1 mass%, B: 0.001 to 0.01mass%, P: 0.005 to 0.06mass%, Nb: 0.002 to 0.02mass%, Bi: 0.001 to 0.01mass%, Ge: 0.001 to 0.01mass% 05 mass%, As: 0.005 to 0.05 mass%, Te: 0.005 to 0.02 mass%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.04 mass% and V: 0.005 to 0.03 mass% 3.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is less likely to undergo twinning deformation and has less deterioration in magnetic properties even when used for applications that require strong working. Therefore, by using the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention, it is possible not only to reduce troubles such as cracks and chips when processing iron cores and wound cores of small generators, but also to reduce energy loss in generators, transformers, etc. enables the production of
- the oxygen basis weight of the decarburized annealed sheet after primary recrystallization annealing (hereinafter also referred to as the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing), the oxygen basis weight and the Ti basis weight of the undercoat Table 1 shows the measurement results of , and the investigation results of the magnetic flux density and twinning rate in the steel sheet.
- the above oxygen basis weight can be measured by a melting-infrared absorption method.
- the Ti basis weight can be measured by emission spectroscopy.
- the magnetic flux density is the magnetic flux density when excited at 800 A / m: B 8 (T) according to JIS It was measured according to the method specified in C2550.
- the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing should be increased, and the amount of TiO 2 in the annealing separator should be increased. Both increasing the amount contributes.
- the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing was increased too much, the oxygen basis weight of the undercoat decreased rapidly.
- the strength of the coating is increased by introducing S into the coating as described in Patent Document 1 above, or by adjusting the ratio of Ti and N as described in Patent Document 2. It is known that increasing In contrast, the above findings suggest that factors other than film strength are involved. That is, the present inventors considered that it is important not to directly transmit the coating tension due to the overcoat to the steel substrate. In other words, the top coat applies stress in the tensile direction to the steel sheet, and under this condition, twinning occurs when deformation stress is further applied. Conversely, if the film stress is not applied, twins are unlikely to occur even with some deformation stress.
- the oxygen basis weight of the undercoating is increased by a certain amount or more, the stress of the overcoating coating in the upper layer is relaxed in the undercoating, and the stress applied to the base steel is reduced. Further, as the Ti content in the undercoat increases, the tension in the undercoat itself increases, so twinning is more likely to occur.
- the oxygen basis weight of the undercoating generally correlates with the oxygen basis weight of the surface of the steel sheet after decarburization annealing, increasing this increases the oxygen basis weight of the undercoating.
- the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing is too high, the amount of the undercoat formed will be too large, and the undercoat will partially peel off, thereby decreasing the oxygen basis weight of the undercoat. Therefore, there is an appropriate range for the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing.
- the Ti source is TiO 2 in the annealing separator
- the Ti basis weight is almost correlated with the amount of TiO 2 added.
- the basis weight of oxygen after decarburization annealing also has an effect. This is because when the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing is high, oxides present in the subscale surface layer, such as Fe 2 SiO 4 , and TiO 2 undergo a substitution reaction to form FeTiO 3 . It is considered that the amount of Ti in the coating increases because Ti easily penetrates into the coating.
- both the oxygen basis weight after decarburization annealing and the amount of TiO2 added in the annealing separator affect both the oxygen basis weight and the Ti basis weight of the undercoat.
- the oxygen basis weight and the Ti basis weight of the undercoat can be kept within appropriate ranges, and the twinning rate can be reduced.
- the undercoating has an oxygen basis weight of 3.8 g/m 2 or more and a Ti basis weight of 0.06 g/m 2 or less. This is based on the above-described new knowledge that strain due to tension in the overcoat promotes twinning, and that if the stress caused by the overcoat is relieved by the undercoat, the occurrence of twins can be suppressed. That is, when the oxygen basis weight of the undercoat is less than 3.8 g/m 2 , the ability of the undercoat to relax the tension of the coating decreases, resulting in an increase in twinning rate.
- the oxygen basis weight should be 3.8 g/m 2 or more and the Ti basis weight should be 0.06 g/m 2 or less.
- the oxygen basis weight of the undercoat is preferably 5.0 g/m 2 or less. From the same point of view, it is preferable that the Ti basis weight in the undercoating is 0.01 g/m 2 or more.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet targeted by the present invention preferably has a magnetic flux density of 1.88 T or less at B8 .
- the reason why it is desirable to lower the magnetic flux density is that when the magnetic flux density is high, the secondary recrystallized grain size usually becomes large, the grain boundary density decreases, and twin crystals are likely to develop. If the secondary recrystallized grain size is made finer by setting the magnetic flux density to a lower value, it is possible to prevent the strain imparted during working from being locally concentrated, making it easier to prevent twinning deformation. Therefore, the present invention cannot be applied to, for example, a technique in which a coil is annealed under a temperature gradient to elongate secondary recrystallized grains. Also, the technique of growing secondary recrystallized grains by holding in the secondary recrystallization temperature range during final annealing is not suitable for the present invention.
- C 0.001 to 0.10 mass%
- C is a component necessary for generating Goss-oriented crystal grains, and should be contained in an amount of 0.001 mass% or more in order to exhibit such an effect.
- addition exceeding 0.10 mass% makes it difficult to decarburize to a level that does not cause magnetic aging in the subsequent decarburization annealing. Therefore, the C content should be in the range of 0.001 to 0.10 mass%.
- the content of C is preferably 0.015 mass% or more, and preferably 0.08 mass% or less.
- Al, N, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn, Mo, B, P, Nb and Bi segregate on the grain boundaries and on the surface of the steel sheet and act as auxiliary inhibitors to improve the magnetic properties.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is produced by melting steel having the chemical composition described above by a conventionally known refining process, and using a continuous casting method or an ingot casting-slabbing rolling method or the like to form a steel material (steel slab). After that, the steel material is hot-rolled to obtain a hot-rolled sheet, and if necessary, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed, and cold rolling is performed once or twice or more with intermediate annealing.
- the cold-rolled sheet shall be thick.
- the reason why the oxygen basis weight on the surface of the steel sheet after primary recrystallization annealing is 1.5 to 2.1 g/m 2 is to set the oxygen basis weight and the Ti basis weight in the undercoating to appropriate ranges. .
- the oxygen basis weight is less than 1.5 g/m 2 , the formation of the undercoat becomes insufficient, and when the oxygen basis weight exceeds 2.1 g/m 2 , the formation of the undercoat becomes excessive. In the end, point-like peeling occurs, and a sufficient effect cannot be obtained.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 700 to 900° C. and the annealing time is preferably 30 to 300 seconds. If the annealing temperature is less than 700° C. or the annealing time is less than 30 seconds, the desired oxygen basis weight cannot be secured or decarburization becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if the annealing temperature exceeds 900° C. or the annealing time exceeds 300 seconds, the oxygen basis weight becomes excessive. Also, the decarburization annealing is performed in a wet hydrogen atmosphere.
- the dew point is in the range of 45 to 60° C.
- the H 2 concentration is a conventional method, which can be in the range of 40% to 80%.
- the oxygen basis weight can be adjusted.
- This PH 2 O/PH 2 is desirably in the range of 0.40 to 0.55. It is also possible to change at each stage of the heating zone and soaking zone.
- the soaking area can be divided into two stages, a front stage and a rear stage. Both or one of the soaking temperature and the atmospheric oxidizing PH 2 O/PH 2 conditions are different between the former stage and the latter stage.
- the temperature difference between the former stage and the latter stage shall be 20°C or more. If oxidizing, change the PH 2 O/PH 2 difference by 0.2 or more.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but the latter stage should be higher than the former stage.
- PH 2 O/PH 2 is often lower in the latter stage than in the former stage, and this can be followed in the present invention.
- the pretreatment of the primary recrystallization annealing For example, when cleaning a rolled sheet (cold-rolled sheet), electrolytic degreasing is performed with a degreasing solution (electrolytic solution) containing sodium silicate. As a result, the SiO 2 compound is electrodeposited on the surface of the steel sheet, which serves as a starting point for oxidation during decarburization annealing, and can increase the oxygen basis weight.
- the oxygen basis weight after the primary recrystallization annealing changes depending on the material composition and the previous process, it is necessary to adjust the annealing conditions according to each process. For example, if the Si content in the steel material is as low as 3 mass% or less, the oxygen basis weight tends to decrease, so the dew point is set high. In addition, if the steel sheet surface before primary recrystallization annealing has a high oxygen basis weight of 0.1 g/m 2 or more, it is effective to set the dew point to a lower value.
- the surface of the steel sheet is coated with an annealing separator containing MgO as a main component.
- the annealing separating agent used is one to which TiO 2 is added.
- the reason why TiO 2 is added here is mainly from the viewpoint of enhancing film adhesion, and this addition of TiO 2 has been conventionally performed.
- the second feature of the present invention is that the amount of TiO 2 added is kept to a very small amount. That is, the amount of TiO 2 added to the annealing separator used in the present invention is in the range of 0.6 to 2.7 parts by mass when MgO is 100 parts by mass.
- the amount (content) of TiO 2 added to the annealing separating agent is less than 0.6 parts by mass, the film adhesion is lowered, and the underlying pattern is generated.
- the amount of TiO 2 added to the annealing separator is higher than 2.7 parts by mass, the amount of Ti contained in the undercoating exceeds 0.06 g/m 2 in terms of Ti basis weight, and the twinning rate increases. will do.
- the conditions of the annealing separator other than the amount of TiO 2 added may be as known.
- additives for the annealing separator include borates such as Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Sn, Sb, Cr, Fe, and Ni, sulfates, carbonates, and water. Oxides, chlorides and the like can be added singly or in combination.
- the amount of the annealing separator applied to the surface of the steel sheet is preferably 8 to 16 g/m 2 on both sides, and the hydration amount is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.7 mass%.
- the annealing separating agent is usually made into a slurry with water, coated with a roll coater, and then dried. This method can also be used in the present invention.
- a third feature of the present invention is to specify the rate of temperature increase at this time. That is, the rate of temperature increase between 700 and 950° C. in the final annealing must be 15° C./h or more.
- This temperature range is the temperature range in which the formation of the undercoating begins in earnest, and is also the temperature range immediately before TiO 2 in the annealing separator decomposes and Ti penetrates into the undercoating. If the rate of temperature rise in this temperature range is slow, the substitution reaction that forms FeTiO3 from Fe2SiO4 proceeds too much, Ti penetrates too much into the film, and the Ti content in the undercoat increases.
- the rate of temperature increase between 700 and 950° C. in the final annealing should be 15° C./h or more, preferably 20° C./h or more.
- the final annealing (retaining treatment) is generally performed at a temperature of 1150° C. or higher and 1250° C. or lower for a time of 3 hours or longer and 50 hours or shorter, and the present invention is also within this range. If the temperature is lower than 1150° C. or the time is shorter than 3 hours, purification may be insufficient and precipitates may remain, resulting in an increased twinning rate. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than 1250° C. or the time is longer than 50 hours, the coil may buckle and the yield may decrease.
- an insulating coating is applied and flattening annealing, which also serves as baking, is performed.
- flattening annealing which also serves as baking
- a steel slab having a chemical composition in which the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities is heated at 1410 ° C. for 30 minutes, hot-rolled to a hot-rolled sheet with a thickness of 2.5 mm, and heated at 1000 ° C. for 1 minute.
- the hot-rolled sheet was annealed. After that, it was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.9 mm, subjected to intermediate annealing at 980° C. for 1 minute, and then cold-rolled to a final thickness of 0.35 mm.
- primary recrystallization annealing which also serves as decarburization annealing, was performed at 850° C. for 120 seconds in an atmosphere with a PH 2 O/PH 2 ratio of 0.51.
- the oxygen basis weight of the decarburized annealed sheet was set to 2.0 g/m 2 .
- powder obtained by adding 2.4 parts by mass of TiO 2 and 0.1 part by mass of Li 2 SO 4 to 100 parts by mass of MgO as an annealing separator was made into a slurry, and the amount of hydration was 1.0 parts by mass. It was coated on both sides of the steel sheet at 11 g/m 2 so as to be 3 mass%.
- the temperature was raised between 700 and 950° C. at various heating rates shown in Table 2, followed by holding treatment at 1160° C. for 5 hours for purification.
- a hot-rolled sheet was annealed at 1000° C. for 1 minute. After that, it was cold rolled to an intermediate plate thickness of 0.8 mm, subjected to intermediate annealing at 1000° C. for 2 minutes, and further cold rolled to obtain a cold rolled plate having a final thickness of 0.27 mm.
- a coating liquid consisting of magnesium phosphate-colloidal silica-titanium sulfate was applied, and flattening annealing was performed for both baking and shape correction of the steel sheet to obtain a product coil (grain-oriented electrical steel sheet).
- the steel sheets thus obtained were examined for magnetic flux density B8 and twinning rate.
- the results are shown in Table 3 together with the oxygen basis weight after primary recrystallization annealing, the oxygen basis weight in the undercoat and the Ti basis weight.
- the oxygen basis weight after the primary recrystallization annealing, the oxygen basis weight and Ti basis weight in the undercoat, the magnetic flux density B8 and the twinning rate were measured according to the measurement method described above.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、素材成分中のSやNを低減し、焼鈍分離剤中にSO3化合物をSO3成分質量にして0.5~5.0mass%添加することにより、双晶の発生を抑制する技術が提案されている。
例えば、特許文献1に記載の技術を適用した場合、双晶発生率は大きく低下するものの、ばらつきの範囲内ではあるが、該発生率が10%程度の高い値となることがあり、この点の改善が求められる。
すなわち、本発明の要旨構成は以下のとおりである。
前記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面における酸素目付量を1.5g/m2以上2.1g/m2以下とすること、前記焼鈍分離剤として、MgO100質量部に対してTiO2を0.6~2.7質量部含有する焼鈍分離剤を用いること、および前記仕上焼鈍における700~950℃間の昇温速度を15℃/h以上とすることを特徴とする、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
C:0.04mass%、Si:2.9mass%、Mn:0.06mass%、Se:0.01mass%およびSb:0.01mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物である成分組成を有する鋼スラブに、公知の方法で熱間圧延を施して熱延板とし、その後850℃×30秒の熱延板焼鈍を施した。その後、900℃×1分間の中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延により最終板厚が0.30mmの冷延板に仕上げた。次いで、PH2O/PH2が0.39~0.61の種々の雰囲気下において、冷延板に、840℃×140秒の脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。このとき、一次再結晶焼鈍後の冷延板(以下、脱炭焼鈍板ともいう)の表面における酸素目付量を、表1に示すように、種々に変更した。その後、脱炭焼鈍板の表面および裏面の両方の面に、焼鈍分離剤を塗布した。焼鈍分離剤としては、MgO100質量部に対するTiO2の添加量を表1に示す通りとなるように種々に変化させてなる粉体をスラリー状にしたものを用い、水和量が2.0mass%となるように、15g/m2で塗布した。塗布後、乾燥させてからコイルに巻き取り、最終仕上焼鈍に供した。最終仕上焼鈍は、700~950℃間の昇温速度を15℃/hで昇温し、引き続き純化のために1160℃、5時間の保定処理を行った。この最終仕上焼鈍において、脱炭焼鈍板の表面に下地被膜を形成した。その後、下地被膜の上に、リン酸マグネシウム-コロイド状シリカ-無水クロム酸からなるコーティング液を塗布し、これの焼付けと鋼板の形状矯正を兼ねた平坦化焼鈍を施して製品コイル(方向性電磁鋼板)を得た。この平坦化焼鈍において、下地被膜上に上塗り被膜を形成した。
方向性電磁鋼板は、二次再結晶粒の方位が{110}<001>に高度に集積しているが、このような結晶方位を有する鋼板では、圧延方向に変形が加わると、{112}<111>の辷り系が働いて双晶変形が起こる。ただし、双晶変形は、変形エネルギーが高いため、歪み速度が速い場合や、低温で変形された場合にのみ起こる。一般に、このような双晶の低減は、例えば粗大介在物を減らしたり結晶粒径を微細化させたりして局所的な応力集中を減らすこと、不純物を減らして材料変形に対する強度を低減することなどが有効とされている。被膜との関係では、上掲の特許文献1に記載のように被膜中にSを導入したり、特許文献2に記載のようにTiとNの比率を調節したりして、被膜の強度を高めるのが有効であることが知られている。これに対して、上記の知見は、被膜強度以外の要因が関与していることを示唆している。すなわち、本発明者らは、上塗り被膜によるコーティング張力を地鉄に直接伝えないことが重要と考えた。つまり、上塗り被膜により鋼板は引っ張り方向の応力がかかっており、この状況下でさらに変形応力が加わったときに双晶が発生する。逆に、被膜の応力がかからなければ多少の変形応力でも双晶は発生しにくい。
下地被膜の酸素目付量は、脱炭焼鈍後の鋼板表面の酸素目付量とおおむね相関するため、これを増やせば下地被膜の酸素目付量も増えることとなる。しかし、脱炭焼鈍後の酸素目付量が多すぎると下地被膜の形成量が多くなりすぎ、下地被膜が部分的に剥離することにより、逆に下地被膜の酸素目付量が低下してしまう。そのため、脱炭焼鈍後の酸素目付量は適正範囲が存在することとなる。
Ti目付量については、Ti源が焼鈍分離剤中のTiO2であるため、このTiO2の添加量にほぼ相関する。TiO2量の調整以外に、脱炭焼鈍後の酸素目付量も影響を与える。これは、脱炭焼鈍後の酸素目付量が高いと、サブスケール表層に存在する酸化物、例えばFe2SiO4のような物質とTiO2が置換反応を起こしてFeTiO3が形成され、ここからTiが被膜中に侵入されやすくなるため、被膜中Ti量が高まるものと考えられる。
本発明が対象とする方向性電磁鋼板は、Si:2.8~3.5mass%およびMn:0.01~1.00mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物である成分組成と、Tiを含みフォルステライトを主体とする下地被膜および該下地被膜上に形成される上塗り被膜と、を有するものである。
すなわち、下地被膜の酸素目付量が3.8g/m2を下回ると、コーティングの張力を下地被膜が緩和する能力が低下する結果、双晶発生率が増大する。また、Ti目付量が0.06g/m2を超えると、下地被膜そのものの張力が増大するため、やはり双晶発生率が増大する。従って、下地被膜において、酸素目付量を3.8g/m2以上とし、かつTi目付量を0.06g/m2以下とする。
まず、鋼スラブの成分組成について説明する。
Cは、ゴス方位結晶粒を発生させるために必要な成分であり、かかる作用を発現させるためには0.001mass%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、0.10mass%を超える添加は、その後の脱炭焼鈍で磁気時効を起こさないレベルまで脱炭することが難しくなる。よって、Cの含有量は0.001~0.10mass%の範囲とする。Cの含有量は、好ましくは0.015mass%以上であり、また、好ましくは0.08mass%以下である。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減すると共に、BCC組織を安定化し、高温熱処理を可能とするために必要な成分であり、少なくとも2.8mass%の添加を必要とする。しかし、3.5mass%を超える添加は、加工性を低下させ、冷間圧延して製造することが難しくなる。よって、Siの含有量は2.8~3.5mass%の範囲とする。双晶発生防止の効果も含めると、Siの含有量は、好ましくは2.8mass%以上であり、また、好ましくは3.3mass%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間脆性を改善するのに有効である他、SやSeを含有している場合には、MnSやMnSe等の析出物を形成し、抑制剤(インヒビター)として機能する元素である。上記効果は0.01mass%以上の添加で得られる。しかし、1.0mass%を超えて添加すると、MnSe等の析出物が粗大化し、インヒビターとしての効果が失われてしまう。よって、Mnの含有量は0.01~1.0mass%の範囲とする。Mnの含有量は、好ましくは0.03mass%以上であり、また、好ましくは0.50mass%以下である。
SおよびSeは、MnやCuと結合してMnSe,MnS,Cu2-xSe,Cu2-xSを形成し、鋼中に分散第二相として析出し、インヒビター作用を発揮する有用成分である。SおよびSeの合計含有量が0.005mass%に満たないと、上記の添加効果が十分ではなく、一方、0.03mass%を超える添加は、二次粒径が粗大化して双晶発生に不利となる。そのため、これらの元素の添加量は、単独添加あるいは複合添加のいずれの場合も0.005~0.03mass%の範囲とする。SおよびSeの合計含有量は、好ましくは0.006mass%以上であり、また、好ましくは0.020mass%以下である。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、上記に説明した成分組成を有する鋼を従来公知の精錬プロセスで溶製し、連続鋳造法または造塊-分塊圧延法等を用いて鋼素材(鋼スラブ)とし、その後、上記鋼素材に熱間圧延を施して熱延板とし、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚の冷延板とする。本発明のように、磁束密度を上げすぎずに二次粒を微細化させ、双晶発生を抑制させる目的の場合、最終冷延圧下率は低めが望ましい。最終冷延圧下率は、具体的には、50~70%、さらに望ましくは55~66%とすることが好ましい。
すなわち、一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面における酸素目付量が1.5~2.1g/m2となるように、該一次再結晶焼鈍における温度、時間および雰囲気の少なくとも1つを調節する。ここで、一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面における酸素目付量を1.5~2.1g/m2とするのは、下地被膜における酸素目付量およびTi目付量を適切な範囲とするためである。特に、上記酸素目付量が1.5g/m2を下回ると、下地被膜の形成が不十分となり、また、上記酸素目付量が2.1g/m2を超えると、下地被膜の形成が過剰となり、最終的には点状剥離を生じてしまい、十分な効果が得られなくなる。
以上、一連の工程からなる製造方法で製造することにより、強加工をしても双晶の発生しにくい方向性電磁鋼板を得ることができる。
このようにして得られた鋼板について、磁束密度B8および双晶発生率を調査した。その結果を、下地被膜における酸素目付量およびTi目付量と併せて、表2に示す。なお、下地被膜における酸素目付量およびTi目付量、並びに磁束密度B8および双晶発生率は、上述した測定手法に従って測定した。
Claims (4)
- Si:2.8~3.5mass%およびMn:0.01~1.0mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物である成分組成と、Tiを含みフォルステライトを主体とする下地被膜および前記下地被膜上に形成される上塗り被膜と、を有し、前記下地被膜において、酸素目付量が3.8g/m2以上およびTi目付量が0.06g/m2以下である方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記成分組成は、さらに、Al:0mass%超0.015mass%以下、N:0mass%超0.007mass%以下、Cu:0mass%超0.14mass%以下、Ni:0mass%超0.3mass%以下、Cr:0mass%超0.06mass%以下、Sb:0mass%超0.04mass%以下、Sn:0mass%超0.04mass%以下、Mo:0mass%超0.1mass%以下、B:0mass%超0.01mass%以下、P:0mass%超0.06mass%以下、Nb:0mass%超0.02mass%以下、Bi:0mass%超0.01mass%以下、Ge:0mass%超0.05mass%以下、As:0mass%超0.05mass%以下、Te:0mass%超0.02mass%以下、Ti:0mass%超0.04mass%以下およびV:0mass%超0.03mass%以下のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- C:0.001~0.10mass%、Si:2.8~3.5mass%、Mn:0.01~1.0mass%、SおよびSeのうちから選ばれる1種または2種を合計で0.005~0.03mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物である成分組成を有する鋼スラブに熱間圧延を施して熱延板とし、該熱延板に、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して冷延板とし、該冷延板に、一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、次いで焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから仕上焼鈍を施して仕上焼鈍板とし、該仕上焼鈍板に、コーティング液を塗布し、平坦化焼鈍を施して方向性電磁鋼板を得る、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
前記一次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面における酸素目付量を1.5g/m2以上2.1g/m2以下とすること、前記焼鈍分離剤として、MgO100質量部に対してTiO2を0.6~2.7質量部含有する焼鈍分離剤を用いること、および前記仕上焼鈍における700~950℃間の昇温速度を15℃/h以上とすることを特徴とする、方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記鋼スラブの成分組成は、さらに、Al:0.003~0.015mass%、N:0.001~0.007mass%、Cu:0.01~0.14mass%、Ni:0.01~0.3mass%、Cr:0.01~0.06mass%、Sb:0.004~0.04mass%、Sn:0.005~0.04mass%、Mo:0.01~0.1mass%、B:0.001~0.01mass%、P:0.005~0.06mass%、Nb:0.002~0.02mass%、Bi:0.001~0.01mass%、Ge:0.001~0.05mass%、As:0.005~0.05mass%、Te:0.005~0.02mass%、Ti:0.005~0.04mass%およびV:0.005~0.03mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する請求項3に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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| JPH09184017A (ja) * | 1996-01-08 | 1997-07-15 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高磁束密度一方向性けい素鋼板のフォルステライト被膜とその形成方法 |
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