WO2023052303A1 - Billes frittees de zircone - Google Patents
Billes frittees de zircone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023052303A1 WO2023052303A1 PCT/EP2022/076706 EP2022076706W WO2023052303A1 WO 2023052303 A1 WO2023052303 A1 WO 2023052303A1 EP 2022076706 W EP2022076706 W EP 2022076706W WO 2023052303 A1 WO2023052303 A1 WO 2023052303A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- less
- equal
- zirconia
- sintered
- ceo2
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/488—Composites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/488—Composites
- C04B35/4885—Composites with aluminium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3246—Stabilised zirconias, e.g. YSZ or cerium stabilised zirconia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/765—Tetragonal symmetry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/781—Nanograined materials, i.e. having grain sizes below 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/782—Grain size distributions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
- C04B2235/81—Materials characterised by the absence of phases other than the main phase, i.e. single phase materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/94—Products characterised by their shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sintered zirconia balls, to a method of manufacturing these balls, and to the use of these balls as grinding agents, dispersing agents in a wet environment or for the treatment of surfaces.
- the paint, ink, dye, magnetic lacquer, or agrochemical compound industries use beads for the dispersion and homogenization of liquid and solid constituents.
- the mineral industry uses balls for the fine grinding of materials possibly pre-ground dry by traditional processes, in particular for the fine grinding of calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, gypsum, kaolin and iron ore. .
- Sand with rounded particles such as OTTAWA sand for example, is a natural and inexpensive product, but unsuitable for modern, pressurized, high-throughput grinders. Indeed, the sand is not very resistant, of low density, variable in quality and abrasive for the equipment.
- Glass beads widely used, have better strength, lower abrasiveness and availability in a wider range of diameters.
- Metal balls in particular steel balls, have low inertia vis-à-vis the treated products, leading in particular to pollution of the mineral fillers and graying of the paints, and too high a density requiring special grinders. In particular, they involve high energy consumption, significant heating and high mechanical stress on the equipment.
- Ceramic balls have better resistance than glass balls, higher density and excellent chemical inertness.
- the balls conventionally have a size of between 0.005 and 10 mm.
- molten ceramic balls generally obtained by melting ceramic components, forming spherical drops from the molten material, then solidifying said drops, and sintered ceramic balls, generally obtained by cold shaping of a ceramic powder, then consolidation by firing at high temperature.
- molten balls Unlike sintered balls, molten balls most often comprise a very abundant intergranular vitreous phase which fills a network of crystallized grains.
- a composition developed to manufacture a molten ball is not a priori suitable for manufacturing a sintered ball, and vice versa.
- An object of the invention is to meet, at least partially, this need.
- the invention thus relates to a sintered ball, having:
- the sintered zirconia balls according to the invention are thus particularly well suited to dispersion applications in a humid medium and microgrinding.
- the invention relates to a sintered ball, having:
- the invention relates to a sintered ball, having:
- FIG. 1 makes it possible to visualize the domain of composition 10 of international patent application No. PCT/EP2021/058816 and the domain of composition 12, complementary, according to the first and second main embodiments of the present invention.
- the invention relates to a sintered ball, having:
- a sintered zirconia ball according to the invention may still have one or more of the following optional characteristics, provided that these characteristics are compatible with the main embodiment considered:
- the sintered ball is made up of oxides for more than 99% of its mass
- the Y2O3 content is less than 2.4%, preferably less than 2.2%, preferably less than 2.0%, preferably less than 1.9%, preferably less than 1.8 %, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, and/or preferably greater than or equal to 1.4%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and C6O2;
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 1.4% and less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, in molar percentages on the basis the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2;
- the CeO2 content is greater than or equal to 0.6%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.7%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8%, and less than or equal to 1.7%, preferably less or equal to 1.6%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2;
- the AI2O3 content in percentages by mass on the basis of the oxides, is greater than or equal to 0.2% and less than or equal to 1.2%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%, or less than 0 .1%;
- the CaO content in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides, is less than 1.0%, or greater than 0.2%;
- the total content of oxides other than ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 and CaO, in percentages by mass based on the oxides, is less than 2%;
- the monoclinic zirconia content is less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 8%, preferably less than or equal to 5%;
- the stabilized zirconia is present substantially only in the form of quadratic zirconia
- the stabilized zirconia is stabilized at Y2O3 and at CeO2;
- the sintered ball has an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, and/or has a grain size distribution with a standard deviation of less than 0.20 ⁇ m;
- the sintered ball has an average grain size of less than 0.6 ⁇ m, and/or has a grain size distribution with a standard deviation of less than 0.15 ⁇ m.
- a sintered ball of zirconia according to the invention may also have one or more of the following optional and preferred characteristics: - the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.9%, preferably greater than or equal to 2% and/or preferably less than or equal to 2.4%, preferably less than or equal to 2.2%, in percentages molars based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2;
- the CeO2 content is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.4% and/or preferably less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.6%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2;
- the sintered ball consists of oxides for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5%, preferably for more than 99.9% of its mass;
- the Al2O3 content, in percentages by mass on the basis of the oxides, is greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25%, and preferably less than or equal to 1.2%, of preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%, or less than 0.1%;
- the CaO content in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides, is less than 1.0%, or greater than 0.2%;
- the total content of oxides other than ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 and CaO, in percentages by mass based on the oxides, is less than 4%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.5%.
- the invention also relates to a powder of beads comprising more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably substantially 100%, in percentages by mass, of beads according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a device chosen from among a suspension, a grinder, and a surface treatment device, said device comprising a powder of beads according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing sintered zirconia balls according to the invention, said method comprising the following successive steps: a) preparation of a particulate mixture having a median size of less than 2 ⁇ m and a composition suitable for obtaining, at the end of step g), sintered beads of zirconia according to the invention, b) optionally, drying of said particulate mixture, c) preparation of a starting charge from said particulate mixture, optionally dried, d) shaping of the starting charge in the form of raw balls, e) optionally, washing, f) optionally, drying, g) sintering at a sintering temperature above 1300° C. so as to obtain sintered balls.
- one or more powders of raw materials introduced into said particulate mixture are ground, preferably co-ground;
- the particulate mixture has a median size of less than 0.5 ⁇ m and/or a (D 9 O-DIO)/D 5 O ratio of less than 2;
- step a) no raw material other than zirconia powders at least partially stabilized with Y2O3, ceria and corundum is deliberately introduced into the particulate mixture;
- the invention finally relates to the use of a powder of balls according to the invention, in particular manufactured according to a method according to the invention, as grinding agents, in particular in a humid environment, dispersing agents in a humid environment , or for the treatment of surfaces.
- a sum of oxide contents (i.e. a formula in which these contents are linked by the “+” sign) does not imply that the two oxides linked by this “+” sign are necessarily present simultaneously .
- particle is meant a solid product individualized in a powder.
- Porate mixture denotes the powder which is manufactured in step a) of a method according to the invention.
- “sintering” is the consolidation by heat treatment at more than 1100°C of a raw particle (granular agglomerate), possibly with a fusion, partial or total, of some of its constituents (but not all of its constituents).
- the "grains" of a sintered ball of zirconia are made up of particles of the particulate mixture agglomerated by sintering.
- a sintered bead according to the invention thus consists of an agglomerate of grains bonded by sintering. It may also comprise an amorphous phase.
- bead we mean a particle having a sphericity, that is to say a ratio between its smallest Ferret diameter and its largest Ferret diameter, greater than 0.6, whatever the way by which this sphericity was obtained.
- the balls according to the invention have a sphericity greater than 0.7.
- percentiles 10 (denoted D ), 50 (denoted D 5 o) and 90 (denoted D 90 ) of a powder or a particulate mixture, the sizes of particles corresponding to percentages equal respectively to 10%, 50% and 90%, by mass, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of the particle sizes of the powder or of the particulate mixture respectively, said particle sizes being classified in ascending order.
- 10% by mass of the particles of the powder or of the particulate mixture thus have a size less than D and 90% of the particles, by mass, have a size greater than or equal to Dw-
- the percentiles can for example be determined at using a laser particle sizer.
- the median size of a powder of particles or of a particulate mixture is called the 50th percentile, D 5 Q.
- the median size therefore divides the particles of the powder or of the particulate mixture, into first and second populations equal in mass, these first and second populations comprising only particles having a size greater than or equal to, or less than, respectively, the median size.
- average size of the grains of a sintered bead refers to the dimension measured using a “Mean Linear Intercept” method. A measurement method of this type is described in standard ASTM E1382.
- tered ball we mean a solid ball obtained by sintering a raw ball.
- the "other oxides” are preferably “impurities", that is to say unavoidable oxides, necessarily introduced with the raw materials.
- impurities that is to say unavoidable oxides, necessarily introduced with the raw materials.
- sodium oxides and other alkalis are impurities.
- hafnium oxide is not considered an impurity. It is considered that a total impurity content of less than 5% does not substantially modify the results obtained.
- HfO2 is considered not to be chemically dissociable from ZrC
- "Zr ⁇ 2" or “ZrO2+HfO2” therefore designate the total content of these two oxides.
- HfO2 is not intentionally added to the starting charge. HfO2 therefore only designates traces of hafnium oxide, this oxide always being naturally present in zirconia sources at levels generally below 2%.
- zirO2 (or “ZrO2+HfO2") and “Al2O3” are used to designate the contents of these oxides in the composition, and “zirconia” and “corundum” to designate crystallized phases of these oxides consisting of ZrO2 + HfO2, and Al2O3, respectively. These oxides can however also be present in other phases.
- zirconia typically includes the small amount of hafniated phase, which cannot be distinguished by X-ray diffraction.
- stabilized zirconia we mean the combination of quadratic zirconia and cubic zirconia.
- At least partially stabilized zirconia is meant a partially stabilized zirconia or a fully stabilized zirconia.
- a partially stabilized zirconia is a zirconia comprising monoclinic zirconia, and having a monoclinic zirconia content of less than 50%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the total quantity of crystallized phases, the other phases present being the quadratic phase and /or the cubic phase.
- CeO2 and Y2O3 serve to stabilize the zirconia but can also be present outside of it.
- a powder of a compound means a powder comprising more than 95% by mass of particles comprising more than 90% by mass of said compound.
- a corundum powder comprises more than 95% by mass of particles comprising more than 90% by mass of corundum.
- a “quadratic zirconia powder” comprises more than 95% by mass of particles comprising more than 90% by mass of quadratic zirconia.
- a “stabilized zirconia powder” comprises more than 95% by mass of particles comprising more than 90% by mass of stabilized zirconia.
- precursor of an oxide is meant one or more constituents capable of supplying said oxide during a sintering step of a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- aluminum hydroxides are precursors of alumina.
- a quantity of an oxide precursor is said to be "equivalent" to a quantity of said oxide when, during sintering, it leads to said quantity of said oxide.
- the volume of the unit cell is calculated using the parameters of said cell determined by X-ray diffraction.
- the mass of the unit cell is equal to the sum of the mass of the elements Zr, O, Y and Ce, present in said mesh, considering that all of Y 2 Os and CeO2 stabilizes the zirconia.
- apparent density of a sintered product in particular of a sintered ball, we conventionally mean the ratio equal to the mass of said sintered product divided by the volume occupied by said sintered product. It can be measured by imbibition, according to the principle of Archimedes' thrust.
- relative density of a sintered product in particular a sintered bead, we mean the ratio equal to the apparent density divided by the absolute density, expressed as a percentage.
- Figure 1 is a graph representing the composition range according to the first and second main embodiments of the present invention, and that of international application No. PCT / EP2021 / 058816, the abscissa axis representing the Y2O3 content, and the ordinate axis representing the CeO2 content, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention is remarkable for its composition.
- a sintered ball of zirconia according to the invention preferably consists of oxides for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5%, preferably for more than 99.9%, of its mass.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention is substantially entirely made up of oxides.
- a sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a Y2O3 content greater than or equal to 1.4%, and/or preferably less than 2.4%, preferably less than 2.2%, preferably less to 2.0%, preferably less than 1.9%, preferably less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeC
- a sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a Y2O3 content greater than or equal to 1.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 1.4% and less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, in mole percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2.
- a sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a CeO2 content greater than or equal to 0.6%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.7%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8% and/or preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, preferably less than or equal to 1.6%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2 .
- a sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a Y2O3 content greater than or equal to 1.4% and/or preferably less than 2.4%, preferably less than 2.2%, preferably less than 2.0%, preferably less than 1.9%, preferably less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, and a CeO2 content greater than or equal to 0.6%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.7%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8% and/or preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, preferably less than or equal to 1.6%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeC
- the sintered zirconia ball has excellent resistance to wear during grinding.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has an Al2O3 content greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25% and preferably less than or equal to 1.2 %, preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%, in percentages by mass based on the oxides.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has an Al2O3 content of less than 0.1%, less than 0.005%, less than 0.003%, less than 0.002%, or substantially zero, in percentage by mass on the basis of oxides.
- the sintered ball according to the invention preferably has a CaO content of less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1.0%, in percentages by mass based on the oxides.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a CaO content greater than 0.1%, preferably greater than 0.2%, preferably greater than 0.3%, in percentage by mass on the basis of oxides.
- the sintered ball according to the invention preferably has a total content of oxides other than ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 and CaO of less than 4%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, more preferably less than 0.8%, more preferably less than 0.5%, in weight percent based on the oxides.
- the oxides other than ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 and CaO are impurities.
- any oxide other than ZrO2, HfO 2 , Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 and CaO is present in an amount of less than 2.0%, preferably less than 1.5% , preferably less than 1.0%, preferably less than 0.8%, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.3%.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention preferably has a content of monoclinic zirconia, as a percentage by mass based on the total quantity of crystallized phases, of less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 8%, of preferably less than or equal to 5%, preferably substantially zero.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention preferably has a total content of crystallized phases other than stabilized zirconia and monoclinic zirconia, in percentage by mass based on the total quantity of crystallized phases, of less than 6%, preferably less than 5%, or even less than 4%.
- the zirconia is stabilized at Y2O3 and CeC.
- the stabilized zirconia is present substantially only in the form of quadratic zirconia.
- the mass quantity of amorphous phase is less than 7%, of preferably less than 5%, preferably substantially zero.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.9 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0 8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 0.15 ⁇ m.
- the resistance during grinding is improved.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a grain size distribution with a standard deviation of less than 0.20 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.15 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has:
- AI2O3 s 1.5% the AI2O3 content preferably being greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25% and preferably less than or equal to 1.2%, of preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%;
- the CaO content preferably being less than 1.5%, preferably less than 1.0%;
- - stabilized zirconia complement to 100%, said stabilized zirconia being stabilized at Y2O3 and CeO2, and preferably being present substantially only in the form of quadratic zirconia;
- monoclinic zirconia ⁇ 15%, the monoclinic zirconia content preferably being less than or equal to 10%, preferably less than or equal to 8%, preferably less than or equal to 5%, preferably substantially zero; crystallized phases other than stabilized zirconia and monoclinic zirconia, or "other crystallized phases": ⁇ 7%, the content of other crystallized phases being preferably less than 5%, preferably substantially zero, and
- the sintered zirconia ball preferably has an average grain size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.9 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, and preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 0.15 ⁇ m.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention has a relative density greater than 99%, preferably greater than 99.5%, preferably greater than 99.6%, preferably greater than 99.7%, of preferably greater than 99.8%, preferably greater than 99.9%, the absolute density being calculated according to the method described previously.
- the sintered zirconia ball according to the invention preferably has a size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 2.5 mm and/or greater than 0.005 mm, preferably greater than 0.01 mm, preferably greater than 0, 02 mm, preferably greater than 0.03 mm.
- a sintered ball of zirconia according to the invention preferably has a sphericity greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.85, or even greater than 0.9.
- a sintered ball of zirconia according to the invention can be manufactured by means of a manufacturing method according to the invention.
- step a) a particulate mixture having a median size of less than 2 ⁇ m is prepared.
- the composition of the particulate mixture is also adapted, in a manner known per se, so that the sintered zirconia balls have a composition in accordance with the invention.
- Raw material powders are intimately mixed.
- the raw material powders can be ground individually or, preferably, co-ground so that the particulate mixture obtained has a median size of less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.4 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.3 ⁇ m and/or preferably greater than 0.05 pm.
- This grinding may be a wet grinding. Grinding or co-grinding can also be used to obtain an intimate mixture.
- the particulate mixture has a (D 9 O-DIO)/D 5 O ratio of less than 2, preferably less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.
- Y2O3 and CeO2 are known zirconia stabilizers. In the particulate mixture, they may or may not stabilize the zirconia. According to the invention, the particulate mixture must however lead to a sintered ball of zirconia according to the invention.
- the zirconia is preferably at least partly stabilized with Y2O3.
- a CeO2 ceria powder is used as the source of CeO2.
- the zirconia powder is at least partly stabilized with Y2O3 and has a specific area, calculated by the BET method, greater than 0.5 m 2 /g, preferably greater than 1 m 2 /g, preferably greater than 1.5 m 2 /g, and/or less than 20 m 2 /g, preferably less than 18 m 2 /g, preferably less than 15 m 2 /g.
- the optional grinding generally in suspension, is thereby facilitated.
- the sintering temperature in step f) can be reduced.
- zirconia occurs substantially only in the quadratic form.
- a ceria and/or yttrine and/or zirconia precursor can also be used in the particulate mixture.
- the cerine and/or the cerine precursor and/or the yttrin and/or the yttrin precursor can, partially or totally, be incorporated into the particulate mixture in the form of a powder, that is to say in a separate form of the zirconia, so that, after sintering, the zirconia is at least partly stabilized.
- the median size of the powder of yttrin and/or of the precursor of yttrin and/or of cerine and/or of the precursor of cerine is preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably still less than 0.3 ⁇ m. The effectiveness of the stabilization of the zirconia is advantageously improved during sintering.
- the particulate mixture comprises particles in which zirconia, stabilized or not, and yttria and/or ceria are intimately mixed.
- an intimate mixture can for example be obtained by coprecipitation, thermo-hydrolysis or atomization, and possibly consolidated by a heat treatment.
- yttrin and/or cerine can be replaced by an equivalent quantity of precursor(s).
- the particulate mixture does not contain any yttrin precursor.
- the particulate mixture does not contain a ceria precursor.
- the particulate mixture does not include a zirconia precursor.
- the particulate mixture does not include monoclinic zirconia powder.
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.4%, and/or preferably less than or equal to to 2.4%, preferably less than 2.2%, preferably less than 2.0%, preferably less than 1.9%, preferably less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1, 7%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2 present in said particulate mixture.
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.3%, preferably greater than or equal to 1, 4% and less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, in percentages molar based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2 present in said particulate mixture.
- the CeO2 content is greater than or equal to 0.6%, preferably greater than or equal to 0, 7%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8% and/or preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, preferably less than or equal to 1.6%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%, in mole percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2 present in said particulate mixture.
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.4% and/or preferably less than or equal to 2.4%, preferably less than 2.2%, preferably less than 2.0%, preferably less than 1.9%, preferably less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7 %
- the CeO2 content is greater than or equal to 0.6%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.7%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8% and/or preferably less than or equal to 1.7 %, preferably less than or equal to 1.6%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%, in molar percentages based on the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2 present in said particulate mixture.
- the sintered zirconia ball obtained from said particulate mixture has excellent resistance during grinding.
- the Y2O3 content is greater than or equal to 1.3%, preferably greater than or equal to to 1.4% and less than 1.8%, preferably less than or equal to 1.7%
- the CeO2 content is greater than or equal to 0.6%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.7%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.8% and preferably less than or equal to 1.7%, preferably less than or equal to 1.6%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%, in molar percentages on the basis of the sum of ZrO2, HfO2, Y2O3 and CeO2 present in said particulate mixture.
- the particulate mixture comprises an alumina powder in an amount greater than or equal to 0.2%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.25% and preferably less than or equal to 1.2%, preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.8%, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the particulate mixture.
- the alumina can be replaced, in part or in whole, by an equivalent quantity of precursor.
- the particulate mixture does not include an alumina precursor.
- the alumina is essentially present in the form of corundum, which preferably has a median size of less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 3 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the presence of alumina is not essential.
- the alumina content may in particular be less than 0.1%, less than 0.05%, less than 0.03%, less than 0.01%, or substantially zero, in percentages by mass on the basis of the mass of the particulate mixture.
- the particulate mixture includes powders
- the powders supplying the oxides are preferably chosen so that the total content of oxides other than ZrO 2 , HfO2, Y2O3, CeO2, Al2O3 and CaO is less than 5%, as a mass percentage based on the oxides.
- no raw material other than zirconia powders at least partially stabilized with Y2O3, ceria and corundum is deliberately introduced into the particulate mixture, the other oxides present being impurities.
- the powders used each have a median size of less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 3 ⁇ m, preferably less than 2 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.7 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.6 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.4 ⁇ m, or even less than 0.3 ⁇ m.
- one or more of the powders of the particulate mixture described above can be replaced, at least partially, by equivalent powders, that is to say by powders which, during the manufacture of a ball according to the invention, lead, in said ball, to the same constituents (same composition, same crystallographic phase), in the same quantities.
- the particulate mixture can be dried, for example in an oven or by atomization, in particular if it has been obtained by wet grinding or if at least one raw material powder has been obtained by wet grinding. .
- the temperature and/or duration of the drying step are adapted so that the residual humidity of the particulate mixture is less than 2%, or even less than 1.5%.
- a starting charge is prepared, preferably at room temperature, comprising the particulate mixture obtained at the end of step a) or at the end of step b) and, optionally, a solvent, preferably water, the quantity of which is adapted to the shaping method of step d).
- the starting charge is suitable for the shaping process of step d).
- the shaping may in particular result from a gelling process.
- a solvent preferably water, is preferably added to the starting charge so as to produce a suspension.
- the suspension preferably has a mass content of dry matter of between 50 and 70%.
- the suspension may also comprise one or more of the following constituents:
- gelling agent at a rate of 0 to 2%, in mass percentage on the basis of the dry matter.
- Dispersants, surface tension modifiers and gelling agents are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the family of sodium or ammonium polymethacrylates the family of sodium or ammonium polyacrylates, the family of citrates, for example ammonium, the family of sodium phosphates, and the family of esters of carbonic acid;
- organic solvents such as aliphatic alcohols
- the particulate mixture is preferably added to a mixture of water and dispersants/defocculants in a ball mill. After stirring, water is added in which a gelling agent has been dissolved beforehand so as to obtain a suspension. If the shaping results from extrusion, thermoplastic polymers or thermosetting polymers can be added to the starting charge, said starting charge preferably not containing any solvent.
- step d any conventional shaping process known for the manufacture of sintered balls can be implemented.
- drops of the suspension described above are obtained by flowing the suspension through a calibrated orifice.
- the drops leaving the orifice fall into a bath of a gelling solution (electrolyte adapted to react with the gelling agent) where they harden after having recovered a substantially spherical shape.
- step e) the raw beads obtained during the previous step are washed, for example with water.
- step f) the raw balls, possibly washed, are dried, for example in an oven.
- step g) the raw balls, possibly washed and/or dried, are sintered.
- the sintering is carried out in air, preferably in an electric furnace, preferably at atmospheric pressure.
- the sintering in step g) is carried out at a temperature preferably above 1330° C., preferably above 1350° C. and preferably below 1600° C., preferably below 1550° C., preferably below 1500° C. °C, preferably below 1450°C.
- the holding time at the temperature plateau is preferably greater than 1 hour and/or preferably less than 10 hours, preferably less than 7 hours, preferably less than 5 hours, preferably less than 3 hours.
- the sintering time is between 1 and 3 hours.
- the sintered zirconia balls obtained preferably have a smallest diameter greater than 0.005 mm, preferably greater than 0.1 mm, preferably greater than 0.15 mm and less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2.5 mm.
- the sintered zirconia balls according to the invention are particularly well suited as grinding agents, in particular in a humid environment, or as dispersing agents in a humid environment.
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of a powder of balls according to the invention, or of balls manufactured according to a process according to the invention, as grinding agents, in particular in a humid medium, or dispersing agents in humid environment.
- the invention therefore also relates to a device chosen from among a suspension, a grinder, and a surface treatment device, said device comprising a powder of beads according to the invention.
- the following methods can be used to determine properties of sintered beads or mixtures of sintered beads, in particular according to the invention.
- the quantification of the crystallized phases present in the sintered balls is carried out directly on the balls, said balls being glued to a self-adhesive carbon pad, so that the surface of said pad is covered with as many balls as possible.
- the crystallized phases present in the sintered balls are measured by X-ray diffraction, for example by means of an apparatus of the X'Pert PRO diffractometer type from the company Panalytical fitted with a copper DX tube.
- the acquisition of the diffraction diagram is carried out using this equipment, over an angular range 20 of between 5° and 100°, with a step of 0.017°, and a counting time of 150 s/step.
- the front optic has a programmable divergence slit used fixed at 1/4°, Soller slits at 0.04 rad, a mask equal to 10mm and a fixed anti-diffusion slit at 1/2°.
- the sample is in rotation on itself in order to limit the preferential orientations.
- the rear optics have a programmable anti-scattering slit used fixed at 1/4°, a Soller slit of 0.04 rad and a Ni filter.
- the diffraction patterns are then qualitatively analyzed using EVA software and the ICDD2016 database.
- a refinement of the background signal is carried out using the “treatment”, “determine background” function with the following choices: “bending factor” equal to 0 and “granularity” equal to 40;
- the quantity of amorphous phase present in the sintered balls is measured by X-ray diffraction, for example by means of an apparatus of the X'Pert PRO diffractometer type from the company Panalytical fitted with a copper DX tube.
- the acquisition of the diffraction diagram is carried out using this equipment, in the same way as for the determination of the crystallized phases present in the beads, the sample analyzed being in the form of a powder.
- the method applied consists of the addition of a known quantity of a totally crystallized standard, in this case a powder of zinc oxide, ZnO in an amount equal to 20%, based on the mass of oxide of zinc and sample of crushed sintered balls.
- the maximum size of the zinc oxide powder is 1 ⁇ m and the sintered balls are ground to obtain a powder having a maximum size of less than 40 ⁇ m.
- Amorphous phase rate 100*(100/(100-20))*(1-(20/Qzno)).
- the bulk density of the sintered balls is measured by hydrostatic weighing.
- the lattice parameters necessary for calculating the absolute density of the at least partially stabilized zirconia are determined by X-ray diffraction on the surface of the sample to be characterized (the sample not being ground in the form of a powder) using a device of the D8 Endeavor type from Bruker.
- the parameters necessary for the acquisition of the diffraction diagram are identical to those used for the acquisition of the diffraction diagram necessary for the quantification of the crystallized phases.
- sample displacement (or “sample displacement”) using the “SyCos” function
- the space group of the partially substituted quadratic zirconia mesh being P 42/ n m c (137), considered identical to that of the unsubstituted quadratic zirconia mesh.
- the chemical analysis of the sintered balls is measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, in English "Inductively Coupled Plasma", or "ICP”, for elements whose content does not exceed 0.5%.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- a bead of the material of the sintered ball to be analyzed is made by melting said material, then the chemical analysis is carried out by X-ray fluorescence.
- the average grain size of the sintered balls is measured by the “Mean Linear Intercept” method.
- a method of this type is described in standard ASTM E1382. According to this standard, lines of analysis are drawn on images of the sintered balls, then, along each line of analysis, the lengths, called “intercepts”, are measured between two consecutive grain boundaries intersecting said line of analysis.
- the intercepts are measured on images obtained by scanning electron microscopy, of samples of sintered beads, said sections having previously been polished until a mirror quality is obtained and then thermally etched, at a temperature 50° C. below the sintering temperature, to reveal the grain boundaries.
- the magnification used for taking the images is chosen so as to visualize approximately 100 grains on an image. 5 images per sintered ball are produced.
- the standard deviation of the grain size distribution is equal to 1.56 times the standard deviation of the "I" intercept distribution.
- the specific surface of a powder or a particulate mixture is measured by the BET method (Brunauer Emmet Teller) described in Journal of American Chemical Society 60 (1938), pages 309 to 316.
- the 10, 50 and 90 percentiles of powders and particulate mixtures are conventionally measured using a model LA950V2 laser particle sizer marketed by Horiba.
- the contents of the bowl are then washed on a 100 ⁇ m sieve so as to remove the residual silicon carbide as well as the tearing of material due to wear during grinding.
- the beads After sieving on a 100 ⁇ m sieve, the beads are dried in an oven at 100° C. for 3 hours and then weighed (mass m1). Said balls (mass m1) are again introduced into one of the bowls with a suspension of SiC (same concentration and quantity as before) and undergo a new grinding cycle, identical to the previous one.
- the contents of the bowl are then washed on a 100 ⁇ m sieve so as to remove the residual silicon carbide as well as the tearing of material due to wear during grinding.
- the beads After sieving on a 100 ⁇ m sieve, the beads are dried in an oven at 100° C. for 3 hours and then weighed (mass m2). Said balls (mass m2) are again introduced into one of the bowls with a suspension of SiC (same concentration and quantity as before) and undergo a new grinding cycle, identical to the previous one. The contents of the bowl are then washed on a 100 ⁇ m sieve so as to remove the residual silicon carbide as well as the tearing of material due to wear during grinding. After sieving on a 100 ⁇ m sieve, the beads are dried in an oven at 100° C. for 3 hours and then weighed (mass m3).
- Planetary wear (UP) is expressed as a percentage (%) and is equal to the loss of mass of the balls reduced to the initial mass of the balls, i.e.: 100(m2-m3) / (m2); the UP result is given in Table 2.
- Sintered beads were prepared from:
- Table 1 summarizes the particulate mixtures of the examples obtained in step a).
- step a the different powders were mixed and then co-ground in a wet medium until a particulate mixture with a median size of less than 0.3 ⁇ m was obtained.
- step b the particulate mixture was then dried.
- step c) for each example, a starting charge consisting of an aqueous suspension comprising, in mass percentages on the basis of dry matter, 1% of a dispersant of the carboxylic acid ester type, 3% of A dispersant of the carboxylic acid type and 0.4% of a gelling agent, namely a polysaccharide from the alginate family, was then prepared from the dry particulate mixture obtained at the end of step b).
- a ball mill was used for this preparation in order to obtain a good homogeneity of the starting charge: A solution containing the gelling agent was first formed. Successively, the particulate mixture and the dispersants were added to water. The solution containing the gelling agent was then added. The mixture thus obtained was stirred for 8 hours.
- the size of the particles was controlled using an LA950V2 model laser particle sizer marketed by the company Horiba (median size ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m), then water was added in a determined quantity to obtain an aqueous suspension. at 68% in dry matter and a viscosity, measured with a Brookfield viscometer using the mobile LV3 at a speed equal to 20 rpm, less than 5000 centipoise.
- the pH of the suspension was then about 9 after an optional adjustment using a strong base.
- step d the suspension was forced through a calibrated hole and at a rate making it possible to obtain after sintering balls of approximately 1 mm in the context of these examples.
- the drops of suspension fell into a gelling bath based on an electrolyte (divalent cation salt), reacting with the gelling agent.
- the raw beads were collected, washed with water in step e), then dried at 80°C in step f) to remove moisture.
- step g the balls were then transferred to a sintering oven where they were sintered according to the following cycle:
- the sintered balls of the examples are substantially entirely made up of oxides and have an amount of amorphous phase of less than 5% by mass.
- the bead powders of the examples have an average sphericity greater than 0.9.
- Example 2 outside the invention, is representative of the state of the art and is provided in order to serve as a basis for comparison with Example 3 according to the invention, the total molar content Y 2 O3 + CeO2 of these two examples being substantially identical.
- Example 1 outside the invention, is provided in order to serve as a basis for comparison with Example 4 according to the invention, the total molar content Y 2 O3+CeO2 of these two examples being substantially identical.
- the invention provides a sintered ball of zirconia exhibiting remarkable planetary wear UP.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280076509.7A CN118265683A (zh) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | 烧结氧化锆珠粒 |
| EP22797317.9A EP4408814A1 (fr) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | Billes frittees de zircone |
| KR1020247014158A KR20240076815A (ko) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | 소결 지르코니아 비드 |
| JP2024519127A JP2024538598A (ja) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | 焼結されたジルコニアビーズ |
| US18/695,647 US20240400460A1 (en) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | Sintered zirconia beads |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2110208 | 2021-09-28 | ||
| FR2110208A FR3127492A1 (fr) | 2021-09-28 | 2021-09-28 | Billes frittees de zircone |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023052303A1 true WO2023052303A1 (fr) | 2023-04-06 |
Family
ID=79171335
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/076706 Ceased WO2023052303A1 (fr) | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-26 | Billes frittees de zircone |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240400460A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4408814A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024538598A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240076815A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118265683A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3127492A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023052303A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116768620A (zh) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-09-19 | 长江师范学院 | 一种抗钢渣侵蚀定径水口及其制备方法、应用 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3108904B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-03 | 2023-04-07 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Billes frittees de zircone |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62275059A (ja) * | 1986-05-21 | 1987-11-30 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 粉砕用メデイア及びその製造法 |
| JP2000239063A (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-05 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 耐久性にすぐれたジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア及びその製造方法 |
| CN110606739A (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-24 | 嘉兴纳美新材料有限公司 | 一种氧化锆陶瓷球的配方及其生产工艺 |
| WO2021198520A1 (fr) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Billes frittees de zircone |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4820667A (en) * | 1986-08-18 | 1989-04-11 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | High strength zirconia ceramic |
| JPS63151670A (ja) * | 1986-12-16 | 1988-06-24 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 熱衝撃強度および熱水安定性に優れたジルコニア系セラミツクス |
| JP4396123B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2010-01-13 | 東レ株式会社 | 部分安定化ZrO2球体およびその製造方法 |
| JP2006298711A (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Toray Ind Inc | ZrO2質焼結体およびその製造方法、粉砕機用部材、粉砕機 |
| US20090317767A1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2009-12-24 | Wolfgang Burger | Material based on a partially stabilized zirconia matrix and process for the preparation and use of the material |
| FR2946337B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-08-05 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit fritte a base d'alumine et de zircone |
-
2021
- 2021-09-28 FR FR2110208A patent/FR3127492A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-26 KR KR1020247014158A patent/KR20240076815A/ko active Pending
- 2022-09-26 US US18/695,647 patent/US20240400460A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-26 CN CN202280076509.7A patent/CN118265683A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-26 JP JP2024519127A patent/JP2024538598A/ja active Pending
- 2022-09-26 WO PCT/EP2022/076706 patent/WO2023052303A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-26 EP EP22797317.9A patent/EP4408814A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62275059A (ja) * | 1986-05-21 | 1987-11-30 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 粉砕用メデイア及びその製造法 |
| JP2000239063A (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-05 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 耐久性にすぐれたジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア及びその製造方法 |
| CN110606739A (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-24 | 嘉兴纳美新材料有限公司 | 一种氧化锆陶瓷球的配方及其生产工艺 |
| WO2021198520A1 (fr) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Billes frittees de zircone |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 60, 1938, pages 309 - 316 |
| M. I. MENDELSON: "Average Grain Size in Polycrystalline Ceramics", J. AM. CERM. SOC., vol. 52, no. 8, pages 443 - 446 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116768620A (zh) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-09-19 | 长江师范学院 | 一种抗钢渣侵蚀定径水口及其制备方法、应用 |
| CN116768620B (zh) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-06-07 | 长江师范学院 | 一种抗钢渣侵蚀定径水口及其制备方法、应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3127492A1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 |
| CN118265683A (zh) | 2024-06-28 |
| US20240400460A1 (en) | 2024-12-05 |
| EP4408814A1 (fr) | 2024-08-07 |
| KR20240076815A (ko) | 2024-05-30 |
| JP2024538598A (ja) | 2024-10-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2438029B1 (fr) | Produit fritte a base d'alumine et de zircone | |
| EP2879800B1 (fr) | Particule frittee a base d'alumine | |
| FR2954766A1 (fr) | Poudre de granules de ceramique | |
| WO2013011436A1 (fr) | Particule frittée à base de zircon | |
| EP3655376B1 (fr) | Billes frittees de zircon | |
| WO2023052303A1 (fr) | Billes frittees de zircone | |
| FR3086953A1 (fr) | Billes frittees en carbure(s) de tungstene | |
| EP3310733A1 (fr) | Poudre d'agregats a base de nitrure de bore | |
| EP2234935A2 (fr) | Produit en matiere ceramique fondue, procede de fabrication et utilisations | |
| FR2882749A1 (fr) | Bille frittee a base de zircone et d'oxyde de cerium | |
| EP4126791B1 (fr) | Billes frittees de zircone | |
| WO2010044079A2 (fr) | Produit en matière céramique fondue | |
| EP0950021B1 (fr) | Fabrication d'alumine calcinee a taille de cristallite reglee a la demande avec une faible dispersion | |
| EP3911617A1 (fr) | Billes frittees d'alumine-zircone | |
| EP4267531B1 (fr) | Bille magnetique | |
| FR2978143A1 (fr) | Particule frittee a base de zircon. | |
| FR3161680A1 (fr) | Poudre de billes frittees en carbure(s) metallique(s) | |
| FR3161679A1 (fr) | Utilisation d’une poudre de billes frittees en carbure(s) metallique(s) | |
| FR3013715A1 (fr) | Pigment adapte pour l'impression a jet d'encre |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22797317 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2024519127 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202417032495 Country of ref document: IN |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20247014158 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022797317 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240429 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280076509.7 Country of ref document: CN |