WO2022129067A1 - Toron d'acier compacté à âme gainée - Google Patents
Toron d'acier compacté à âme gainée Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022129067A1 WO2022129067A1 PCT/EP2021/085721 EP2021085721W WO2022129067A1 WO 2022129067 A1 WO2022129067 A1 WO 2022129067A1 EP 2021085721 W EP2021085721 W EP 2021085721W WO 2022129067 A1 WO2022129067 A1 WO 2022129067A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- steel strand
- corrosion resistant
- coating
- core wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/007—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form comprising postformed and thereby radially plastically deformed elements
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/147—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
- B21C23/24—Covering indefinite lengths of metal or non-metal material with a metal coating
- B21C23/26—Applying metal coats to cables, e.g. to insulated electric cables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F37/00—Manufacture of rings from wire
- B21F37/04—Manufacture of rings from wire of washers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0693—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a strand configuration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
- D07B2201/102—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure including a core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2002—Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
- D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2014—Compound wires or compound filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2019—Strands pressed to shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2065—Cores characterised by their structure comprising a coating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3025—Steel
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/306—Aluminium (Al)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3071—Zinc (Zn)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
- D07B2205/3092—Zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn) alloys
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/202—Environmental resistance
- D07B2401/2025—Environmental resistance avoiding corrosion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2015—Construction industries
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2015—Construction industries
- D07B2501/2023—Concrete enforcements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steel strand comprising a steel core wire surrounded by steel layer wires that are twisted around this steel core wire.
- the invention also relates to the use of such a steel strand as a pretensioned strand or as a post-tensioned strand.
- a steel strand comprising a steel core wire surrounded by steel layer wires that are twisted around this steel core wire is a flexible and robust tension member that finds many applications.
- the steel core wire and the steel layer wires usually have a circular crosssection.
- a closed layer of steel layer wires is formed around the steel core wire, i.e. a layer where all steel layer wires touch adjacent steel layer wires, interstices are formed between the steel core wire and the steel layer wires. Humid environments or moisture already present in these interstices may cause condensation and lead ultimately to corrosion and a premature end of life of the steel strand. Compacting the steel strand may reduce the size of the interstices but does not take the interstices completely away.
- the steel strand is subjected to tensile stresses and the mentioned potential corrosion failure problem is even more present.
- the steel core wire and the steel layer wires may be provided with a corrosion resistant coating to increase the lifetime of the steel strand.
- a corrosion resistant coating is a polymer coating. If of a sufficient thickness, the steel layer wires exercise a pressure on the polymer coating so that it starts to flow around the steel layer wires and fill the interstices. However, this polymer coating is not resistant against a downstream heat treatment of the rope. Another drawback is that the rope with a polymer inside cannot be installed and used in warm circumstances.
- Another corrosion resistant coating is a metallic coating such as a zinc or a zinc alloy coating applied by means of a hot dip operation or electroplating operation. While increasing the lifetime of the steel strand, these metallic coatings are not thick enough to fill the interstices.
- a steel strand comprising a steel core wire.
- the steel core wire is surrounded by steel layer wires that are twisted around the steel core wire.
- the steel core wire is covered with a corrosion resistant core coating provided by strip cladding or by metal extrusion.
- the steel layer wires are covered with a corrosion resistant layer coating provided by a hot dip operation or by an electroplating or chemical plating process.
- the steel strand is compacted so that the steel layer wires have a non-circular cross-section and that said corrosion resistant core coating fills the interstices between the steel core wire and the steel layer wires.
- the steel strand is provided with a two corrosion resistant coatings.
- a first way to provide the relatively thick core coating is by strip cladding.
- strip cladding a strip of a corrosion resistant metal and of predetermined and desired thickness can be formed into a tube form. The width of this strip is somewhat greater or equal to the circumference of the steel wire to be covered. The strip is closed in a tube and welded on or around the steel wire. The steel wire with the strip around is then drawn until its final steel core wire diameter.
- a second way to provide the relatively thick core coating is by means of metal extrusion. According to the technique of metal extrusion, corrosion resistant metal material is pushed through a die of the desired crosssection around the steel wire.
- a hot dip operation or an electroplating or chemical plating process are the ways apply the relatively thin layer corrosion resistant coating on the steel layer wires.
- the metal of the thick core coating will start to flow somewhat around the steel layer wires and fill the interstices between the steel core wire and the steel layer wires. In contrast with the polymer material, this metal material is able to resist high temperatures.
- the steel strand with the metal material inside can be subjected to downstream heat treatments, such as a stress-relieving treatment at about 350 °C to 420 °C. Moreover, the steel strand can be installed and used in warm circumstances.
- the thick corrosion resistant core coating is of aluminium or of an aluminium alloy.
- the thick corrosion resistant coating has a weight ranging from 400 g/m 2 to 2500 g/m 2 , preferably from 450 g/m 2 to 2250 g/m 2 , where the smaller weights correspond to the smaller diameters and the higher weights correspond to the greater diameters.
- a steel strand with an outer diameter of 7.0 mm may have a weight of the thick corrosion resistant coating of 486 g/m 2 .
- a steel strand with an outer diameter of 15.2 mm may have a weight of the thick corrosion resistant coating of 810 g/m 2 .
- a steel strand with an outer diameter of 18.0 mm may have a weight of the thick corrosion resistant coating of 2119 g/m 2 .
- the thin corrosion resistant layer coating is of zinc or of a zinc alloy.
- a zinc aluminium coating has a better overall corrosion resistance than zinc.
- the zinc aluminium coating is temperature resistant. Still in contrast with zinc, there is no flaking with the zinc aluminium alloy when exposed to high temperatures.
- a zinc aluminium coating may have an aluminium content ranging from 2 per cent by weight to 12 per cent by weight, e.g. ranging from 3 % to 11 %.
- One preferable composition lies around the eutectoid position: Aluminium about 5 per cent.
- the zinc alloy coating may further have a wetting agent such as lanthanum or cerium in an amount less than 0.1 per cent of the zinc alloy. The remainder of the coating is zinc and unavoidable impurities.
- Another preferable composition contains about 10% aluminium. This increased amount of aluminium provides a better corrosion protection then the eutectoid composition with about 5% of aluminium.
- a highly preferable composition in the context of the present invention is a zinc aluminium alloy that comprises 2 % to 10 % aluminium and 0.2 % to 3.0 % magnesium, the remainder being zinc.
- An example is 5% Al, 0.5 % Mg and the rest being Zn.
- the thin corrosion resistant layer coating may have a weight ranging from 150 g/m 2 to 450 g/m 2 .
- the smaller weights correspond to the smaller diameters and the higher weights correspond to the greater diameters.
- the steel strand may have an outer diameter ranging from 6.0 mm to 25.0 mm, preferably from 6.5 mm to 20.0 mm.
- the steel strand can be used as a pre-tensioned strand or as a post-tensioned strand.
- the steel strand can be used in elevated transportation systems, in ACSR power cables, as guardrail, stay cable strand, umbilical or pre-cast concrete reinforcing elements.
- FIGURE 1 shows a cross-section of a steel strand according to a first aspect of the present invention.
- FIGURE 1 shows a cross-section of a steel strand 10.
- the steel strand 10 has a steel core wire 12 and six steel layer wires 14 that are twisted around the steel core wire 12.
- the steel core wire 12 is provided with an aluminium strip clad core coating 16.
- the steel layer wires 14 are provided with a zinc aluminium magnesium layer coating 18.
- the steel strand 10 is compacted so that the steel layer wires 14 obtain a trapezium-like cross-section.
- the steel layer wires 14 form a closed layer around the steel core wire 12 and push the aluminium strip clad core coating 16 to flow and fill the interstices between the steel core wire 12 and the steel layer wires 14.
- the aluminium strip clad core coating 16 fills all interstices and holes inside the steel strand and prevents moisture from penetrating inside the steel strand 10. At the same time the aluminium strip clad core coating 16 gives corrosion resistance to steel core wire 12.
- the zinc aluminium magnesium layer coating 18 gives corrosion resistance to the steel layer wires 14.
- a steel strand according to the invention can be made along following lines.
- composition of the starting material is usually a microalloyed high-carbon composition as follows: (all percentages being percentages by weight):
- % C a carbon content (% C) ranging from 0.50% to 1 .20%, e.g. 0.60% to 1.0%;
- % Mn manganese content
- % Si silicon content ranging from 0.10% to 1 .50%, e.g. from 0.15% to 0.70%;
- phosporus content (% P) below 0.03%, e.g. below 0.01 %.
- Micro-alloying elements such as chromium, vanadium, aluminium or nickel may or may not be present in amounts up to 0.50%.
- the steel core wire is drawn until an intermediate steel wire diameter.
- An aluminium strip is formed and welded or extruded around the steel wire and the thus formed composite is further drawn until a final diameter.
- the steel layer wires are drawn until an intermediate steel wire diameter.
- the steel layer wires are then guided through a hot dip bath of zinc-aluminium-magnesium.
- the thus coated steel layer wires are then further drawn until their final wire diameter.
- the steel layer wires are twisted around the steel core wire with the aluminium strip to form a non-compacted steel strand. Thereafter, the steel strand is finally subjected to a compacting treatment.
- the compacted steel rope according to the invention is preferably subjected to a stress-relieving treatment in order to lower the relaxation and to improve the straightness.
- a suitable temperature for carrying out such a stress-relieving treatment is 380 °C.
- the compacted steel rope according to the invention can obtain following tensile strength grades: 1700 MPa, 1860 MPa, 1960 MPa and 2060 MPa.
Landscapes
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/267,238 US20240052565A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-14 | Compacted steel strand with cladded core |
| EP21859356.4A EP4263934B1 (fr) | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-14 | Câble d'acier compacté doté d'un brin plaqué |
| CN202180085153.9A CN116710611A (zh) | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-14 | 具有包芯的压实钢绞线 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20214792 | 2020-12-17 | ||
| EP20214792.2 | 2020-12-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022129067A1 true WO2022129067A1 (fr) | 2022-06-23 |
Family
ID=73855208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/085721 Ceased WO2022129067A1 (fr) | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-14 | Toron d'acier compacté à âme gainée |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240052565A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4263934B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN116710611A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022129067A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3131469A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1964-05-05 | Tyler Wayne Res Corp | Process of producing a unitary multiple wire strand |
| US20030131913A1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2003-07-17 | Peter Boesman | Deformed metal composite wire |
| US20130037769A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2013-02-14 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Steel rope safety system with compacted ropes |
| US8822827B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2014-09-02 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Steel core for an electric transmission cable and method of fabricating it |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2387829A (en) * | 1942-12-29 | 1945-10-30 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical apparatus |
| LU33415A1 (fr) * | 1953-11-18 | |||
| US3114987A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1963-12-24 | Span Tendons Ltd | Cables for prestressing concrete |
| US3137988A (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1964-06-23 | Vector Cable Company | Method and apparatus for stabilizing cables |
| GB1045997A (en) * | 1965-04-29 | 1966-10-19 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Strands or yarns composed of coated filaments of heat softenable material |
| US3778994A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1973-12-18 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Corrosion resistant wire rope and strand |
| US4441309A (en) * | 1981-07-17 | 1984-04-10 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Zero torque helically wrapped cable |
| JPS60154831A (ja) * | 1984-01-23 | 1985-08-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 異形素線の撚線方法 |
| US6080334A (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 2000-06-27 | Elisha Technologies Co Llc | Corrosion resistant buffer system for metal products |
| FR2759715B1 (fr) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-04-23 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Toron pour ouvrages de construction, procedes de fabrication et de mise en oeuvre de tels torons |
| US6313409B1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2001-11-06 | General Science And Technology Corp | Electrical conductors and methods of making same |
| US6449834B1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2002-09-17 | Scilogy Corp. | Electrical conductor coils and methods of making same |
| US5947979A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-09-07 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Wire loop type instrument for endoscope and method of producing the same |
| FR2794477B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-02 | 2001-09-14 | Freyssinet Int Stup | Cable de structure d'ouvrage de construction, troncon de gaine d'un tel cable, et procede de pose |
| US8413723B2 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2013-04-09 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods of using enhanced wellbore electrical cables |
| US7119283B1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-10-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corp. | Enhanced armor wires for electrical cables |
| US7462781B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-12-09 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Electrical cables with stranded wire strength members |
| US7326854B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-02-05 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Cables with stranded wire strength members |
| JP4080510B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2008-04-23 | 住友電工スチールワイヤー株式会社 | 高強度pc鋼撚り線、その製造方法およびそれを用いたコンクリート構造物 |
| US20080134598A1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Anthony Rizzuto | Unbonded Post-Tension Strand Protector |
| CN102725461A (zh) * | 2009-12-07 | 2012-10-10 | 阿蒙有限公司 | 钢筋缆索 |
| US8795832B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-08-05 | Fyfe Co., Llc | Systems and methods for protecting a cable or cable bundle |
| WO2012101308A1 (fr) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-02 | La Farga Lacambra, S.A.U. | Conducteur électrique pour le transport d'énergie électrique et procédé de fabrication correspondant |
| JP6324164B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-17 | 2018-05-16 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 複合撚線 |
| US10626849B2 (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2020-04-21 | Makani Technologies Llc | Methods, systems, and devices for tether core diagnostics and monitoring |
| CA3061840A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Structure en beton precontraint a renfort galvanise |
| JP6892374B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2021-06-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | ゴム物品補強用スチールコード及びタイヤ |
| US11773534B2 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2023-10-03 | Bridgestone Corporation | Metal cord, metal cord/rubber composite and conveyor belt |
| EP3992327A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-04 | NV Bekaert SA | Filet de fil d'acier à double revêtement |
-
2021
- 2021-12-14 CN CN202180085153.9A patent/CN116710611A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-14 US US18/267,238 patent/US20240052565A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-12-14 WO PCT/EP2021/085721 patent/WO2022129067A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-14 EP EP21859356.4A patent/EP4263934B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3131469A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1964-05-05 | Tyler Wayne Res Corp | Process of producing a unitary multiple wire strand |
| US20030131913A1 (en) * | 2000-01-19 | 2003-07-17 | Peter Boesman | Deformed metal composite wire |
| US8822827B2 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2014-09-02 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Steel core for an electric transmission cable and method of fabricating it |
| US20130037769A1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2013-02-14 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Steel rope safety system with compacted ropes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4263934C0 (fr) | 2025-08-13 |
| EP4263934B1 (fr) | 2025-08-13 |
| US20240052565A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
| CN116710611A (zh) | 2023-09-05 |
| EP4263934A1 (fr) | 2023-10-25 |
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