WO2022073324A1 - Smelting method and device for iron-based ores - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a smelting method and device for iron-based ores. The method comprises: directly adding iron-based ores, a first flux and a second reducing agent into a furnace, blowing a first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel to a jet smelting zone by using an upper-layer spray gun, and blowing a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent to the jet smelting zone by using a lower-layer spray gun, so as to perform smelting to obtain a melt containing smelting slag and metal; or adding the iron-based ores and the first flux into the furnace, blowing the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel to the jet smelting zone by using a first spray gun so as to perform smelting to obtain a melt; blowing the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent to a jet smelting initial reduction zone by using a second spray gun, adding the second reducing agent, introducing the melt material to perform jet smelting initial reduction to obtain a melt containing smelting slag and metal; and introducing the melt into an electrothermal reduction zone for reduction and separation to obtain the metal and the smelting slag. In the present method, full recovery of iron from the iron-based ores is achieved, and iron and vanadium are efficiently separated from titanium.

Description

Smelting method and smelting device for iron-based minerals technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of iron ore smelting, in particular to a smelting method and a smelting device for iron-based minerals.

Background technique

Vanadium and titanium are important strategic metals and are widely used in aerospace, navigation, batteries, medical and other fields. Many iron-based minerals, such as vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite, etc., are also accompanied by relatively high contents of vanadium and titanium. These iron-based minerals are important sources of vanadium and titanium resources in the future. Utilization will be the direction of industrial development.

In China, the treatment of vanadium titanomagnetite, sea sand ore and other iron-based minerals is mainly based on the blast furnace process, but this process can only recover iron and vanadium, and the blast furnace method to treat vanadium titanomagnetite, sea sand ore, and ilmenite requires a blast furnace process. A large amount of iron concentrate is added, so that the content of TiO ₂ in the slag is too low to be recycled. Non-blast furnace methods mainly include pre-reduction-electric furnace method, reduction-grinding method and sodium roasting-pre-reduction-electric furnace method. However, the reduction-grinding method has a long process flow, high grinding cost and small production scale; the sodium roasting-prereduction-electric furnace method has problems such as a large amount of sodiumizing agent added, a long treatment process, and a large amount of sewage treatment. And for the high-phosphorus iron ore in iron-based minerals, it can only be mixed into other iron ores in a small amount for use, and it is difficult to process it in large quantities and single, its utilization rate is low, and the dephosphorization cost is high.

The Chinese patent application with application number 201910859496.0 proposes a process for comprehensive utilization of vanadium titanomagnetite by pre-reduction-electric furnace deep reduction-sulfuric acid method, and the pre-reduced metallized pellets are melted in an electric furnace to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and Titanium-rich slag (TiO ₂ content of 45-50%). However, this process requires pelletizing for pre-reduction, and uses an electric furnace to achieve material melting and reduction, which increases energy consumption and process flow.

The Chinese patent application with application number 201910169070.2 proposes a process of vanadium titanomagnetite pre-reduction, electric furnace melting and supergravity enrichment. However, this process has the problems of long process flow, difficult industrial promotion of related equipment, and high process cost.

The Chinese patent application with the application number 201310311418.X mentions a melting iron furnace, but only the melting iron furnace is used, and the iron recovery rate of the iron-based ore is relatively low; and although it adopts a double-layer spray gun, the upper The lance only injects oxygen-enriched air to carry out secondary combustion of the coal added at the feeding port of the flue, and its combustion efficiency is low; the lance located below injects pulverized coal, recovered raw materials, flux, etc., to provide raw materials for melting and reduction reactions , fuel and flux, etc., but the spray gun does not provide heat, which is easy to cause the temperature of the molten pool to be low, the separation of slag and iron is difficult, and even freezing. At the same time, the reduction degree of iron in the molten iron furnace is low.

The smelting method and smelting device (201910309060.4) proposed by China Enfi Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. for processing iron-based polymetallic minerals in a short process can process iron-based minerals such as vanadium titanomagnetite and use cheap coal as fuel and reducing agent. Instead of the conventional heating method of melting and smelting electric furnace, it has the advantages of short process, low energy consumption and low cost. However, in practice, it is found that the temperature of the lower part of the molten pool in the smelting area is low and the iron reduction degree is still low.

Based on the above reasons, it is necessary to provide an iron with better comprehensive properties such as short process flow, high efficiency, high iron recovery rate (and high vanadium and titanium recovery effect for iron-based ores associated with vanadium and titanium at the same time) and low energy consumption. Smelting reduction process of base minerals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a smelting method and a smelting device for iron-based minerals, so as to solve the comprehensive effects of high iron recovery rate, high efficiency, short process flow, low energy consumption, etc., which cannot be taken into account when processing iron-based ores in the prior art The problem.

In order to achieve the above purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a smelting method for iron-based minerals is provided, and the smelting device adopted in the smelting method comprises:

The jet smelting unit includes a jet smelting area, an upper spray gun and a lower spray gun. The jet smelting area has a first feed port, an upper spray hole, a lower spray hole and a smelting slag outlet. The upper spray hole and the lower spray hole are arranged in the jet The side wall of the smelting zone, and the height of the upper orifice is higher than the height of the lower orifice; or, the jet smelting unit includes a jet smelting melting zone, a jet smelting primary reduction zone, a first lance and a second lance, and the jet smelting unit is integrated The jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting primary reduction zone are located in the same furnace body and communicate with each other; the jet smelting and melting zone has a first feeding port and a first injection hole, and the jet smelting initial reduction zone has a second raw material inlet, a first Two injection holes and smelting slag outlet, the first injection hole is arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting melting zone, the second injection hole is arranged on the second side wall of the initial reduction zone of the jet smelting, and the height of the first injection hole is higher than that of the second injection hole. The height of the second orifice.

The electrothermal reduction unit includes an electrothermal reduction zone and a heating electrode, the electrothermal reduction zone has a smelting slag inlet, the smelting slag inlet is connected with the smelting slag outlet, and the heating electrode extends through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone to the interior.

The above-mentioned smelting method comprises the following steps: using the upper layer spray gun to spray the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting zone through the upper layer nozzle holes, and using the lower layer spray gun to spray the second oxygen-enriched gas into the jet smelting zone through the lower layer nozzle holes , the second fuel and the first reducing agent, the iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent are added to the jet smelting zone through the first feed port for jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; The first injection hole sprays the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting and melting zone, and the iron-based minerals and the first flux are added to the jet smelting and melting zone through the first feeding port for jet smelting and melting, and the molten metal is obtained. materials; use the second spray gun to inject the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent into the initial reduction zone of the jet smelting through the second nozzle holes, and use the second raw material inlet to add the second oxygen-rich gas to the initial reduction zone of the jet smelting The reducing agent is used to pass the molten material into the jet smelting and melting zone for initial reduction by jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; wherein, the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel are injected to melt the iron-based minerals and the first flux to form the molten material; Blowing the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent makes the molten material undergo a preliminary reduction reaction, thereby reducing more than 90% of the iron; passing the smelting slag into the electrothermal reduction zone through the smelting slag outlet and the smelting slag inlet, and Electrothermal reduction is carried out under the heating action of the heating electrode.

Further, there are multiple upper-layer spray guns and first spray guns, and both the upper-layer spray gun and the first spray gun are dual-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is sprayed with the first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel is sprayed with the first fuel; preferably Preferably, the injection flow rate of the first oxygen-enriched gas per ton of iron-based minerals is 100-700Nm ³ , and the injection flow rate of the first fuel is 30-150Nm ³ ; The gas phase components include CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ , and the volume fraction of each component is 5-20%, 20-60%, 1-3%, 10-30% and 0.1-40% respectively .

Further, the first oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 40-100%; the first fuel is one of natural gas, heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal gas, coal-to-gas, hydrogen, coke pulverized, and gasoline. variety.

Further, the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are respectively multiple; the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are three-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is sprayed with the first reducing agent, the middle layer channel is sprayed with the second oxygen-rich gas, and the outer layer channel is sprayed with the second oxygen-rich gas. The second fuel is sprayed in the channel; or, among the plurality of lower layer spray guns and the plurality of second spray guns, a part is sprayed with the first reducing agent, and the remaining part is a double channel spray gun, the inner layer channel is sprayed with the second oxygen-rich gas, and the outer layer channel is sprayed with the second oxygen-rich gas. The channel injects the second fuel.

Further, the first reducing agent is sprayed through the first inert carrier gas, wherein the delivery concentration of the first reducing agent is 1kg/m ³ -40kg/m ³ , preferably 20kg/m ³ -30kg/m ³ ; per ton The injection flow rate of the second oxygen-rich gas corresponding to the iron-based minerals is 100-400Nm ³ , the injection flow rate of the second fuel is 5-10Nm ³ , and the injection flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-300kg; preferably, the lower layer The combustion gas phase components injected by the lance and the second lance include CO, H ₂ and N ₂ , and the volume fraction of each component is 60-85%, 10-25% and 0.1-20% respectively; preferably, the first reducing agent It is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke and graphite, preferably anthracite pulverized coal; the first inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; the second oxygen-rich gas is 40-100% enriched gas Oxygen air or oxygen; the second fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal gas, coal-to-gas, hydrogen, coke powder, and gasoline.

Further, when the jet smelting unit includes a jet smelting zone, an upper-layer lance and a lower-layer lance, the operating temperature during the jet smelting process is 1400-1650°C; preferably, the temperature above the slag layer of the jet-melting is 1400-1600°C, more preferably 1480°C, the lower temperature is 1450-1650°C, more preferably 1520-1600°C; when the jet smelting unit includes the jet smelting melting zone, the jet smelting primary reduction zone, the first lance and the second lance, the jet smelting and melting process The operating temperature is 1400-1600°C, more preferably 1480°C, and the operating temperature in the initial reduction process of jet smelting is 1450-1650°C, more preferably 1520-1600°C; preferably, the binary basicity of the smelting slag CaO/SiO ₂ = 0.5 to 1.5.

Further, the height of the slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is marked as H, the distance from the nozzle of the upper spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is marked as h1, and the distance from the nozzle of the lower spray gun from the surface of the slag layer is marked as h2, wherein h1/H is 1/100～1/2, h2/H is 1/2～99/100.

Further, the electrothermal reduction zone also has a third feed port and/or an electrothermal reduction nozzle; during the electrothermal reduction process, the second flux and the third reducing agent are added to the electrothermal reduction zone through the third feed port; and/or , use the electrothermal reduction spray gun to spray the fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone through the electrothermal reduction nozzle; preferably, the third reducing agent is one or more of lump coal, coke, silicon manganese, and ferrosilicon; the fourth reducing agent is The reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal-to-gas, coal gas, and hydrogen; The second inert carrier gas is sprayed; more preferably, the second inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon;

Further, the iron-based mineral is one or more of vanadium titanomagnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite, high-phosphorus iron ore, iron concentrate, pellets, iron ore powder, and iron ore. The second reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, lump coal, coke, silicon manganese, and ferrosilicon; preferably, the particle size of iron-based minerals, the second reducing agent, and the first flux are all <50mm, and the water content is all <10wt %; preferably, the amount of the second reducing agent is 15-45% relative to the weight of the iron-based mineral.

Further, both the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are separate or integrated equipment.

Further, when the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are integrated equipment, the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a partition wall, and the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are located in the same furnace body. On both sides of the partition wall, there is a communication channel between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body. The smelting slag inlet and the smelting slag outlet are both located at the communication channel, and the smelting slag and the first metal or matte produced in the jet smelting process are connected together. The passage leads into the electrothermal reduction zone for electrothermal reduction reaction; or, the jet smelting melting zone, the jet smelting initial reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a first partition wall and a second partition wall, and the jet The smelting melting zone and the initial reduction zone of jet smelting are respectively located on both sides of the first partition wall, the initial reduction zone of jet smelting and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively located on both sides of the second partition wall, and the bottom of the first partition wall is provided with a first communication channel, The bottom of the second partition wall is provided with a second communication channel, the smelting slag inlet and the smelting slag outlet are both located at the second communication channel, and the jet smelting melting zone also has a first metal or matte discharge port.

Further, when both the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are separate equipment, the jet smelting zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are located in two furnace bodies, respectively, and the jet smelting zone also has a first metal or matte discharge port, and the jet smelting zone also has a first metal or matte discharge port. The first metal or matte produced by the process is discharged through the first metal or matte discharge port.

Further, the smelting method further includes sequentially performing secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting process and the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process. Alternatively, secondary combustion and waste heat recovery are sequentially performed on the first flue gas produced by the jet smelting and melting process, the second flue gas produced by the electrothermal reduction process, and the third flue gas produced by the initial reduction process of the jet smelting process.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a smelting device for iron-based minerals, comprising a jet smelting unit and an electrothermal reduction unit, wherein:

The jet smelting unit includes a jet smelting area, an upper-layer spray gun and a lower-layer spray gun. The jet-melting area has a first feed port, an upper-layer spray hole, a lower-layer spray hole and a smelting slag outlet, and the upper-layer spray hole and the lower-layer spray hole are arranged on the side of the jet melting area. wall, and the height of the upper orifice is higher than the height of the lower orifice, the upper-layer spray gun sprays the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel into the jet melting zone through the upper-layer spray hole, and the lower-layer spray gun passes through the lower layer orifice to the jet melting zone. The second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are injected, and the first feeding port is used to add iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent into the jet smelting zone, and the jet smelting zone is used for iron Jet smelting of base minerals; or,

The jet smelting unit includes a jet smelting melting zone, a jet smelting primary reduction zone, a first lance and a second lance, the jet smelting unit is an integrated device, and the jet smelting and primary reduction zone is located in the same furnace body and communicated with each other; The jet smelting melting zone has a first feeding port and a first injection hole; the first lance injects the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting and melting zone through the first injection hole, and the first feeding port is used to Iron-based minerals and a first flux are added to the jet smelting melting zone, and the jet smelting and melting zone is used for jet smelting and melting of iron-based minerals to obtain molten materials; the initial reduction zone of jet smelting has a second raw material inlet, a second injection hole and a The slag outlet; the second spray gun sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent into the initial reduction zone of jet smelting through the second nozzle hole, and the second raw material inlet is used to add the first reducing agent to the initial reduction zone of jet smelting Second reducing agent, the initial reduction zone of jet smelting is used to make the molten material perform preliminary reduction of jet smelting in the presence of the first reducing agent; On the second side wall of the primary reduction zone of jet smelting, the height of the first injection hole is higher than the height of the second injection hole.

The electrothermal reduction unit includes an electrothermal reduction zone and a heating electrode, the electrothermal reduction zone has a smelting slag inlet, the smelting slag inlet is connected to the smelting slag outlet, and the heating electrode extends through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone to the inside thereof, and the electrothermal reduction zone is used for jet smelting The smelting slag obtained in the unit is electrothermally reduced.

Further, both the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are separate or integrated equipment.

Further, when the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are integrated equipment, the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a partition wall, and the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are located in the same furnace body. On both sides of the partition wall, there is a communication channel between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and the smelting slag inlet and the smelting slag outlet are located at the communication channel; or, the jet melting melting zone, the jet melting initial reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are located in the same In the furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a first partition wall and a second partition wall, the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting initial reduction zone are respectively located on both sides of the first partition wall, and the jet smelting initial reduction zone and the electrothermal reduction zone are respectively Located on both sides of the second partition wall, the bottom of the first partition wall is provided with a first communication channel, the bottom of the second partition wall is provided with a second communication channel, and the jet smelting melting zone also has a first metal or matte discharge port.

Further, when both the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit are separate equipment, the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are located in two furnace bodies respectively, and the jet smelting area also has a first metal or matte discharge port.

Further, the electrothermal reduction zone also has a third feed port and/or an electrothermal reduction nozzle; the third feed port is used to add the second flux and the third reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone; when the electrothermal reduction zone also has an electrothermal When reducing the spray holes, the electrothermal reduction unit further includes an electrothermal reduction spray gun, and the electrothermal reduction spray gun is used for spraying a fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone through the electrothermal reduction spray holes.

Further, the electrothermal reduction zone also has a second metal or matte discharge port.

Further, the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun are respectively multiple, and the upper layer spray gun and the first spray gun are both dual-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel is used for spraying the second. a fuel.

Further, the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are respectively multiple; the lower layer spray gun and the second spray gun are three-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the first reducing agent, and the middle layer channel is used for spraying the second enriched oxygen. The outer channel is used for spraying the second fuel; or, among the multiple lower spray guns and the multiple second spray guns, a part is used for spraying the first reducing agent, and the remaining part is a double-channel spray gun, and the inner channel is used for spraying the first reducing agent. The second oxygen-enriched gas is sprayed, and the outer channel is used for spraying the second fuel.

Further, the height of the slag layer of jet smelting in the jet smelting zone is marked as H, the distance from the nozzle of the upper spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is marked as h1, and the distance from the nozzle of the lower spray gun from the surface of the slag layer is marked as h2, wherein h1/H is 1/100～1/2, h2/H is 1/2～99/100.

Further, the jet smelting zone also has a first flue gas outlet, and the electrothermal reduction zone also has a second flue gas outlet; or, the jet smelting and melting zone also has a first flue gas outlet, and the jet smelting primary reduction zone also has a third flue gas outlet The electrothermal reduction zone also has a second flue gas outlet; the smelting device further includes: a secondary combustion unit, the inlet of which is connected to the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet, or to the first flue gas outlet and the second flue gas outlet. The gas outlet is connected with the third flue gas outlet; the inlet of the waste heat recovery unit is connected with the outlet of the secondary combustion unit.

In the above method provided by the present invention, the iron-based minerals are first smelted by jet smelting by using a jet smelting unit. The jet smelting area is equipped with upper and lower spray guns. Two oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent; or, using the jet smelting and melting zone in the same furnace body to perform jet smelting and melting first, and then use the initial reduction zone of jet smelting to perform preliminary reduction of the molten material, and then use the jet smelting and melting zone to perform preliminary reduction of the molten material. A layer of lances are arranged in each zone and the initial reduction zone of jet smelting. The first lance injects the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel, and the second lance injects the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent. In the method, iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent do not need to be formed into pellets first, and can be directly fed into the jet smelting zone from the first feeding port. Subsequently, under the action of the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel injected by the upper lance (or the first lance), the iron-based minerals are rapidly melted under the condition of a weak reducing atmosphere and a large amount of exothermic fuel, and the resulting melting materials. It should be noted here that the first flux and the second reducing agent enter together with the iron-based minerals, and the second reducing agent can be used to preliminarily remove part of the ferric iron in the minerals during the spraying process of the upper spray gun (or the first spray gun). Reduction to ferrous iron is beneficial to reduce the melting point of iron-based minerals. In combination with the weak reducing atmosphere provided by the first flux and the upper spray gun (or the first spray gun) and a large amount of fuel exothermic conditions, it can also promote the rapid melting of iron-based minerals. . The molten material enters the lower part of the jet smelting zone (or the initial reduction zone of jet smelting), and the second oxygen-rich gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are sprayed in the lower lance (or the second lance) and have a strong reducing atmosphere and fuel. Under supplementary heating conditions, more than 90% of the iron is reduced to metallic state. The smelting slag produced after jet smelting further enters the electrothermal reduction zone, and the deep reduction of the smelting slag is realized under the heating effect of the heating electrode, and the iron in it is further recovered, so that the total recovery rate of iron can reach more than 95%. In addition, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the above method can also complete the two-step reduction of vanadium together with iron, while titanium is enriched in the slag to form high Titanium slag can be efficiently separated from iron and vanadium, and the total recovery rate of vanadium can reach more than 80%.

In a word, the above method of the present invention is used to treat iron-based minerals, combining jet smelting with electrothermal reduction, and by optimizing the arrangement of the spray guns in the jet smelting process, improving the injection method of fuel and reducing agent, etc. Deep reduction improves the recovery rate of iron, and can also efficiently separate iron-vanadium and titanium from iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, such as vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, and ilmenite. In addition, the above method also has the advantages of short process, relatively low energy consumption, low cost, and environmental friendliness.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached image:

1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a smelting device for iron-based minerals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a smelting device for iron-based minerals according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a smelting device for iron-based minerals according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference signs:

10. Jet smelting unit; 20. Electrothermal reduction unit; 30. Secondary combustion unit; 40. Waste heat recovery unit;

11. Jet smelting zone; 12, upper lance; 13, lower lance; 14, jet smelting and melting zone; 15, jet smelting primary reduction zone; 16, first lance; 17, second lance; 21, electrothermal reduction zone; 22 , heating electrode;

101, the first feeding port; 102, the upper nozzle hole; 103, the lower layer nozzle; 104, the smelting slag outlet; 105, the first metal or matte discharge port; 106, the first flue gas outlet; 141, the first nozzle hole ; 151, the second raw material inlet; 152, the second nozzle hole; 153, the third flue gas outlet; 201, the smelting slag inlet; 202, the third feed port; 203, the second metal or matte discharge port; 204, the first 2. Flue gas outlet; 205, tailings outlet.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other in the case of no conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

As described in the background art section, the prior art cannot take into account the comprehensive effects of high iron recovery rate, high efficiency, short process flow, and low energy consumption when processing iron-based ores.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention relates to a new technology (BR-EF) (Blowing Reduction & Electric Furnace, referred to as BR-EF) for processing iron-based minerals with high efficiency and short process flow and equipment, aiming at using BR-EF technology to process vanadium titanium magnets Iron-based minerals such as iron ore, ilmenite, sea sand ore, high-phosphorus iron ore and ordinary iron ore (such as iron ore concentrate, pellet, iron ore powder, iron ore), etc., realize elements such as iron, vanadium, and titanium The comprehensive recycling and utilization of metallurgical materials will form new metallurgical technologies and equipment with high efficiency, short flow, low energy consumption, low cost, and environmental friendliness, which will be described in detail below.

The present invention provides a smelting method for iron-based minerals, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the smelting device used in the smelting method includes a jet smelting unit 10 and an electrothermal reduction unit 20, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the jet smelting The unit 10 includes a jet smelting zone 11, an upper lance 12 and a lower lance 13. The jet smelting zone 11 has a first feed port 101, an upper orifice 102, a lower orifice 103 and a smelting slag outlet 104, and the upper orifice 102 and the lower layer of injection The holes 103 are arranged on the side walls of the jet smelting zone 11, and the height of the upper orifice 102 is higher than the height of the lower orifice 103 (the spraying position of the upper spraying gun 12 is higher than the spraying position of the lower spraying gun 13); or, as As shown in FIG. 3, the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting melting zone 14, a jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, a first lance 16 and a second lance 17, the jet smelting unit 10 is an integrated device, the jet smelting and melting zone 14 and the jet smelting The primary reduction zone 15 is located in the same furnace body and communicated with each other; the jet smelting melting zone 14 has a first feed port 101 and a first injection hole 141, and the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 has a second raw material inlet 151 and a second injection hole 152 and the smelting slag outlet 104, the first orifice 141 is arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting melting zone 14, the second orifice 152 is arranged on the second side wall of the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting, the height of the first orifice 141 is higher than the height of the second nozzle hole 152;

The electrothermal reduction unit 20 includes an electrothermal reduction zone 21 and a heating electrode 22, the electrothermal reduction zone 21 has a smelting slag inlet 201, the smelting slag inlet 201 is connected to the smelting slag outlet 104, and the heating electrode 22 extends through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 21 to the inside thereof ;

The above-mentioned smelting method comprises the following steps: using the upper-layer spray gun 12 to spray the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting zone 11 through the upper-layer spray hole 102, and using the lower-layer spray gun 13 to spray the jet smelting zone 11 through the lower-layer spray hole 103 Blowing the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent, adding the iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent into the jet smelting zone 11 through the first feeding port 101 for jet smelting to obtain smelting slag Alternatively, use the first spray gun 16 to spray the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting melting zone 14 through the first spray hole 141, and add the iron-based mineral and the first flux through the first feed port 101 to the Jet smelting and melting are carried out in the jet smelting melting zone 14 to obtain molten material; the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are injected into the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting by using the second spray gun 17 through the second nozzle hole 152 , using the second raw material inlet 151 to add the second reducing agent to the initial reduction zone 15 of jet smelting, and passing the molten material into the jet smelting melting zone 14 for initial reduction of jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; wherein, the first oxygen-rich slag is sprayed gas and the first fuel to melt the iron-based minerals and the first flux to form a molten material; inject the second oxygen-rich gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent to make the molten material undergo a preliminary reduction reaction, thereby reducing more than 90% of the iron ; The smelting slag is passed through the smelting slag outlet 104 and the smelting slag inlet 201 into the electrothermal reduction zone 21, and is electrothermally reduced under the heating effect of the heating electrode 22.

In the above method provided by the present invention, the jet smelting unit 10 is used to first perform jet smelting of iron-based minerals. The jet smelting area 11 is arranged with upper and lower spray guns. The upper spray gun 12 sprays the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel, and the lower spray gun 13. Inject the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent; or, use the jet smelting melting zone 14 in the same furnace body to first perform jet smelting and melting, and then use the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 to carry out the melting of the molten material. Preliminary reduction, the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15 are each arranged with a layer of spray guns, the first spray gun 16 sprays the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel, and the second spray gun 17 sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel. The smelting slag obtained by jet smelting of the second fuel and the first reducing agent enters the electrothermal reduction unit 20 for further electrothermal reduction by electrothermal.

In the actual operation process, iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent do not need to be made into pellets first, and can be directly fed into the jet smelting zone from the first feeding port. Subsequently, under the action of the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel injected by the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16 ), the iron-based minerals are rapidly melted under the condition of a weak reducing atmosphere and a large amount of exothermic fuel, forming of molten material. It should be noted here that when using the structure of distributing the spray guns in the upper and lower layers, the first flux and the second reducing agent enter together with the iron-based minerals, and the second reducing agent can be used in the upper spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16). During the blowing process, part of the ferric iron in the minerals is pre-reduced to ferrous iron, which is beneficial to reduce the melting point of the iron-based minerals. The large exothermic conditions of the fuel can also promote the rapid melting of iron-based minerals. The molten material enters the lower part of the jet smelting zone 11 (or the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting), and the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent sprayed in the lower lance 13 (or the second lance 17) have strong reducibility Under the supplementary heating conditions of atmosphere and fuel, more than 90% of iron is reduced to metallic state, and the total recovery rate of iron can reach more than 95%. When using the jet smelting melting zone and the jet smelting primary reduction zone, adding the second reducing agent through the second feed port can also promote the reduction of more than 90% of the iron in the primary reduction process, thereby improving the iron recovery rate of the entire system.

It can be seen that the present invention improves the injection method of fuel and reducing agent by optimizing the arrangement of the spray guns, using the arrangement of double-layer spray guns or the method of setting single-layer spray guns in different jet smelting areas, and the upper spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16) sprays Oxygen-enriched air and fuel realize the melting of materials, and the lower spray gun 13 (or the second spray gun 17) sprays oxygen-enriched air, fuel and reducing agent, which not only provides sufficient amount of reducing agent but also supplements heat for reduction, and controls the different heights of the jet smelting zone ( or different regions), maintain a reasonable distribution of the temperature of the entire molten pool in the jet smelting zone 11 (or the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15), and realize the rapid melting of the material in the upper part of the slag and the iron in the lower part of the slag. Efficient reduction (or rapid melting of the material in the melting zone 14 of jet smelting and efficient reduction of iron in the molten material in the initial reduction zone 15 of jet smelting), so that more than 90% of the iron is reduced to metal, which greatly reduces the depth reduction of the subsequent electrothermal reduction unit 20. stage energy consumption. The smelting slag produced by jet smelting further enters the electrothermal reduction zone 21, and under the heating action of the heating electrode 22, the smelting slag is deeply reduced, and the iron therein is further recovered. In addition, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the above method can also complete the two-step reduction of vanadium together with iron, while titanium is enriched in the slag to form high Titanium slag can be efficiently separated from iron and vanadium, and the total recovery rate of vanadium can reach more than 80%.

In a word, the above method of the present invention is used to treat iron-based minerals, combining jet smelting with electrothermal reduction, and by optimizing the arrangement of the spray guns in the jet smelting process, improving the injection method of fuel and reducing agent, etc. Deep reduction improves the recovery rate of iron, and can also efficiently separate iron-vanadium and titanium from iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, such as vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, and ilmenite. In addition, the above method also has the advantages of short process, relatively low energy consumption, low cost, environmental friendliness, etc., and has broad application prospects.

In the actual production process, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first flue gas layer and the molten slag layer are distributed in the jet smelting zone 11 from top to bottom, and the molten slag layer is the foamed slag layer, the molten slag layer from top to bottom. pool and molten metal pool. Iron-based minerals are melted in the foamed slag layer, and iron is reduced in the slag pool and metal pool. The upper spray gun 12 is located in the foamed slag layer, and sprays the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel in order to achieve rapid melting of iron-based minerals under the action of a weak reducing atmosphere and a large amount of heat released by the fuel. However, as shown in FIG. 3 , the first spray gun 16 in the jet smelting melting zone 14 is located at a higher position, and the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel are sprayed, which can make the iron-based minerals in the weak reducing atmosphere and the fuel emit a large amount of heat. Under the action to achieve rapid melting. In order to make the weak reducing atmosphere and fuel release more uniform at this stage, and further promote the faster and sufficient melting of iron-based minerals, in a preferred embodiment, there are multiple upper-layer spray guns 12, and the upper-layer spray guns 12 are Double-channel spray gun, the inner channel is sprayed with the first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel is sprayed with the first fuel; there are multiple first spray guns 16, and the first spray gun 16 is a double-channel spray gun, and the inner channel is sprayed with the first fuel An oxygen-enriched gas, and the first fuel is injected into the outer channel; preferably, the injection flow rate of the first oxygen-enriched gas per ton of iron-based minerals is 100-700Nm ³ , and the injection flow rate of the first fuel is 30-150Nm ³ ; Preferably, the combustion gas phase components injected by the upper layer spray gun 12 and the first spray gun 16 include CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ , and the volume fraction of each component is 5-20%, 20-20%, respectively. 60%, 1-3%, 10-30% and 0.1-40%. The upper spray gun and the first spray gun mainly realize the melting of the material and provide a small amount of reducing atmosphere, so the CO content is lower than the CO ₂ content, so the combustion can provide more heat to realize the melting of the material, and the upper spray gun area or jet smelting The presence of a certain amount of CO ₂ in the melting zone 14 can re-oxidize the titanium carbide or titanium nitride generated in the slag into titanium oxide, which is beneficial to avoid an increase in the viscosity of the slag.

In a preferred embodiment, the first oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 40-100%; the first fuel is natural gas, heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal gas, coal-to-gas, hydrogen, coke powder, one or more of gasoline. The use of the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel can provide a sufficient exothermic environment, so that the iron-based minerals can be melted more quickly and sufficiently.

In order to make the molten iron-based minerals more fully reduced and provide sufficient heat for its reduction reaction, in a preferred embodiment, there are multiple lower lances 13, or multiple second lances 17; The one-piece spray gun or the split-type spray gun, the one-piece spray gun is: the lower layer spray gun 13 and the second spray gun 17 are both three-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is sprayed with the first reducing agent, and the middle layer channel is sprayed with the second oxygen-rich gas, The outer channel sprays the second fuel; or, the split spray gun is: a part of the multiple lower spray guns 13 or a part of the multiple second spray guns 17 sprays the first reducing agent, and the remaining part is a dual-channel spray gun. The second oxygen-enriched gas is injected into the layer channel, and the second fuel is injected into the outer channel.

In a preferred embodiment, the first reducing agent is sprayed through the first inert carrier gas, wherein the conveying concentration of the first reducing agent is 1kg/m ³ -40kg/m ³ , preferably 20kg/m ³ -30kg /m ³ ; the injection flow rate of the second oxygen-enriched gas per ton of iron-based minerals is 100-400 Nm ³ , the injection flow rate of the second fuel is 5-10 Nm ³ , and the injection flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-100 Nm 3 . 300kg. In this way, on the one hand, sufficient heat and reducing atmosphere can be provided for the molten iron-based minerals, and on the other hand, it is beneficial to reduce waste of resources, and make the jet smelting zone 11 (or the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15 ). ), the distribution of temperature field and weak and strong reducing atmosphere is more reasonable, which is conducive to further improving the reduction rate and recovery rate of iron. For iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium such as vanadium titanomagnetite, it can also be more fully separated. Vanadium and titanium reduce vanadium into metal or matte layer with iron, and titanium is enriched in slag. Preferably, the combustion gas phase components blown by the lower lance 13 and the second lance 17 include CO, H ₂ and N ₂ , and the volume fractions of the components are 60-85%, 10-25%, and 0.1-20%, respectively;

In a preferred embodiment, the first reducing agent is one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, petroleum coke, and graphite, preferably anthracite pulverized coal; the first inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; the third The second oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 40-100%; the second fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal gas, coal-to-gas, hydrogen, coke powder, and gasoline.

In order to recover iron (and vanadium in iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium) more fully during the jet smelting process, in a preferred embodiment, the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting zone 11, an upper lance 12 and a In the case of the lower spray gun 13, the operating temperature in the jet smelting process is 1400-1650°C; preferably, the temperature above the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1400-1600°C, more preferably 1480°C, and the lower temperature is 1450-1650°C, more preferably 1520～1600℃; when the jet smelting unit 10 includes the jet smelting melting zone 14, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, the first lance 16 and the second lance 17, the operating temperature during the jet smelting and melting process is 1400～1600 ℃, more It is preferably 1480°C, and the operating temperature in the initial reduction process of jet smelting is 1450-1650°C, more preferably 1520-1600°C. Preferably, the binary basicity of the smelting slag is CaO/SiO ₂ =0.5-1.5.

In a preferred embodiment, the height of the slag layer in the jet smelting zone 11 is denoted as H, the distance between the nozzle of the upper layer lance 12 and the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h1, and the distance between the nozzle of the lower layer lance 13 and the slag layer is denoted as h1. The distance from the surface of the layer is denoted as h2, where h1/H is 1/100 to 1/2, and h2/H is 1/2 to 99/100. In this way, the upper spray gun 12 can make the combustion of the first fuel take place in the foamed slag layer, improve the heat utilization rate, cause the lower molten pool to stir, and increase the heat transfer rate, which is beneficial to promote the rapid melting of the material added to the upper part of the foamed slag layer. . The lower spray gun 13 can realize the reduction of more than 90% iron, and supplement heat for the heat absorption in the reduction process, and is beneficial to prevent the bottom metal or matte layer from being re-involved in the slag. More preferably, h1/H ranges from 1/10 to 1/2, and h2/H ranges from 1/2 to 4/5.

The smelting slag obtained by jet smelting enters the electrothermal reduction unit 20 for the deep reduction of iron (and the deep reduction of vanadium in the smelting slag of iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium). In order to make the deep reduction effect better, in a preferred embodiment, the electrothermal reduction zone 21 further has a third feed port 202 and/or an electrothermal reduction nozzle; The second flux and the third reducing agent are added into the electrothermal reduction zone 21; and/or the fourth reducing agent is sprayed into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 through the electrothermal reduction spray holes by using an electrothermal reduction spray gun. The third feed port 202 can be arranged at the top of the electrothermal reduction zone 21 , and the electrothermal reduction nozzle holes can be arranged at the side of the electrothermal reduction zone 21 . By supplementing the second flux, the third reducing agent and/or the fourth reducing agent, the smelting slag can be further reduced in depth, and the iron in the smelting slag (and vanadium in the iron-based mineral smelting slag containing vanadium and titanium) can be further reduced. Recycle.

In a preferred embodiment, the third reducing agent is a lump reducing agent, such as one or more of lump coal, coke, silicon manganese, and ferrosilicon; the fourth reducing agent is a powdery or gas reducing agent, For example, one or more of pulverized coal, coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal-to-gas, coal gas, and hydrogen. Preferably, when an electrothermal reduction spray gun is used to spray the fourth reducing agent, the fourth reducing agent is sprayed through the second inert carrier gas. During the specific operation, for the gas reducing agent, direct injection can be performed, and for the powdery reducing agent, the second inert carrier gas can be used for injection.

More preferably, the second inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; preferably, the operating temperature in the electrothermal reduction process is 1500-1700°C, more preferably 1550-1650°C. Under the above conditions, the electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag is more sufficient, the recovery rate of iron is higher, for iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the recovery rate of iron and vanadium is higher, and titanium can be more fully enriched in the final in the slag.

The above method provided by the present invention is suitable for iron recovery of various types of iron-based minerals (such as high-phosphorus iron ore, iron concentrate, pellets, iron ore powder, iron ore), and is also suitable for various types of iron containing vanadium and titanium. Recovery of iron, vanadium and titanium from base minerals such as vanadium titanomagnetite, sea placer, ilmenite. Especially for vanadium titanomagnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite, etc., it can efficiently separate iron vanadium and titanium through the combination of jet smelting and electrothermal reduction, iron and vanadium are reduced to form metal or matte, and titanium is fully enriched in slag. middle.

As mentioned above, by using the method of the present invention, the incoming material in the jet smelting unit 10 can be directly fed into the jet smelting zone from the first feeding port without first being made into pellets. Preferably, the particle size of the iron-based mineral, the second reducing agent, and the first flux are all <50mm, and the water content is all <10wt%. This is more conducive to the rapid melting of the material under the action of the upper spray gun 12 . Preferably, the amount of the second reducing agent is 15-45% relative to the weight of the iron-based mineral. The role of the second reducing agent is to at least partially reduce the ferric iron in the iron-based minerals to ferrous iron under the injection of the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel by the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16 ), thereby reducing iron The melting point of the base mineral, which promotes its rapid melting. The effect of further promoting melting can be achieved by controlling the amount of the second reducing agent within the above range.

The above-mentioned first flux and the second flux can adopt the types commonly used in this field, such as can be selected from quicklime, lime, limestone, dolomite, calcined dolomite, calcined limestone, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide respectively. one or more.

In a preferred embodiment, both the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are separate (as shown in FIG. 2 ) or integrated equipment (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 ). For integrated equipment, it can be an integrated furnace in which the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are separated by a partition wall, or an integrated furnace in which the jet smelting melting area, the primary reduction area of the jet smelting and the electrothermal reduction area are separated by a partition wall, For the split type equipment, the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit can be designed in a split type and connected by a chute in the middle. details as follows:

When the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are integrated equipment, the jet smelting area 11 and the electrothermal reduction area 21 are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a partition wall, and the jet smelting area 11 and the electrothermal reduction area are located in the same furnace body. 21 are respectively located on both sides of the partition wall, there is a communication channel between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the communication channel, and the first metal produced by the smelting slag and the jet smelting process is separated. Or sulfonium together through the communication channel into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 to carry out the electrothermal reduction reaction. In this way, in the actual treatment process, the first metal or matte (hot metal, or molten iron containing vanadium) produced in the jet smelting process enters the electrothermal reduction stage together with the smelting slag, and is finally discharged together with the metal matte produced by the electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag. . Alternatively, the jet smelting melting zone 14, the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a first partition wall and a second partition wall, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting initial The reduction zone 15 is respectively located on both sides of the first partition wall, the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located on both sides of the second partition wall, the bottom of the first partition wall is provided with a first communication channel, and the second partition wall is provided with a first communication channel. The bottom is provided with a second communication channel, the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the second communication channel, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 also has a first metal or matte discharge port 105 . In this way, the molten material obtained by jet melting in the jet smelting melting zone 14 enters the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 for preliminary reduction, and the obtained first metal or matte can enter the electrothermal reduction zone 21 with the smelting slag, or can pass through the jet smelting melting zone 14 The first metal or matte discharge port 105 discharges the collection.

When both the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are separate devices, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in two furnace bodies respectively, and the jet smelting zone 11 also has a first metal or matte discharge port 105 , the first metal or matte produced in the jet smelting process is discharged through the first metal or matte discharge port 105 . In this way, in the actual treatment process, the first metal or matte (the first part of molten iron, or the first part of vanadium-containing molten iron) produced during the jet smelting process is directly discharged from the jet smelting zone 11 . The smelting slag enters the electrothermal reduction zone 21 for deep reduction, and the second metal or matte (the second part of molten iron, or the second part of vanadium-containing molten iron) is discharged from the electrothermal reduction zone 21, and the final tailings (or high-titanium slag) are discharged from the electrothermal reduction zone 21. ) is also discharged from the electrothermal reduction zone 21 .

In a preferred embodiment, in the above-mentioned electrothermal reduction process, the obtained vanadium-containing molten iron (such as processed into materials vanadium titanomagnetite, sea sand ore) or ordinary molten iron (such as processed materials as ilmenite, high-phosphorus iron) ore, ordinary iron ore), the obtained molten iron is used for vanadium extraction and then steelmaking or direct steelmaking. The obtained tailings are titanium slag with TiO ₂ content of 30% to 70% (for example, the treated material is vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite), or ordinary smelting slag (for example, the treated material is high-phosphorus iron ore, Ordinary iron ore) can be directly discharged from the tailings outlet 205. Preferably, the slag type of the tailings in the electrothermal reduction process controls the binary basicity, that is, CaO/SiO ₂ =0.5-1.5.

It should be noted that, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, most of the iron and a small amount of vanadium are reduced during the jet smelting process, and the smelting slag enters. In the electrothermal reduction stage, a small part of iron and most of vanadium are reduced, and titanium enters the slag to form high-titanium slag (TiO ₂ content is about 30-70%). in building materials. After the above treatment, the final electrothermal reduction tailings contain very little iron, generally less than 1.5%. In addition, when the high-phosphorus iron ore is treated by the above method, due to the high oxygen potential in the upper layer of the jet smelting zone, a large amount of phosphorus is also introduced into the slag, which inhibits the phosphorus entering the molten iron and reduces the phosphorus content in the molten iron.

Preferably, the smelting method further includes performing secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced by the jet smelting process and the second flue gas produced by the electrothermal reduction process in sequence. Alternatively, secondary combustion and waste heat recovery are sequentially performed on the first flue gas produced by the jet smelting and melting process, the second flue gas produced by the electrothermal reduction process, and the third flue gas produced by the initial reduction process of the jet smelting process. The temperature of the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting process (or the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting and melting process and the third flue gas produced in the initial reduction process of the jet smelting) is about 1400-1650°C, and CO remains in it , _H2 and other combustible gases. The temperature of the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process is about 1500-1700° C. and contains a large amount of CO. These flue gases are first combusted and then recovered by waste heat, which can achieve the purpose of effectively utilizing resources and making the exhaust gas green emission, and the waste heat can be used for power generation after recovery. At the same time, the cooling flue gas obtained after the waste heat recovery can be further subjected to dust removal treatment and desulfurization treatment, and finally discharged, which should be understood by those skilled in the art and will not be repeated here. The soot collected during the dedusting process can be returned to the raw material system and re-entered into the jet smelting zone 11 .

According to another aspect of the present invention, a smelting device for iron-based minerals is also provided. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , the smelting device includes a jet smelting unit 10 and an electrothermal reduction unit 20 .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting zone 11 , an upper lance 12 and a lower lance 13 , and the jet smelting zone 11 has a first feed port 101 , an upper orifice 102 , a lower orifice 103 and smelting slag. The outlet 104, the upper orifice 102 and the lower orifice 103 are arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting zone 11, and the height of the upper orifice 102 is higher than the height of the lower orifice 103, and the upper lance 12 passes through the upper orifice 102 to the jet smelting zone. The first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel are sprayed in 11, the lower-layer spray gun 13 sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone 11 through the lower-layer spray holes 103, and the first feed port 101 is used for adding iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent into the jet smelting zone 11, and the jet smelting zone 11 is used for jet smelting the iron-based minerals; or,

As shown in FIG. 3 , the jet smelting unit 10 includes a jet smelting melting zone 14, a jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, a first lance 16 and a second lance 17, the jet smelting unit 10 is an integrated device, the jet smelting and melting zone 14 and the jet smelting The initial smelting reduction zone 15 is located in the same furnace body and communicated with each other; the jet smelting and melting zone 14 has a first feeding port 101 and a first injection hole 141 ; The first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel are sprayed, and the first feed port 101 is used for adding iron-based minerals and the first flux into the jet smelting melting zone 14, and the jet smelting and melting zone 14 is used for jet smelting the iron-based minerals. Melting to obtain molten material; the primary reduction zone 15 of jet smelting has a second raw material inlet 151, a second nozzle hole 152 and a smelting slag outlet 104; the second lance 17 sprays into the primary reduction zone 15 of jet smelting through the second nozzle hole 152 The second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent, the second raw material inlet 151 is used to add the second reducing agent to the primary reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting, and the primary reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting is used to make the molten material in the first reduction zone 15. Preliminary reduction by jet smelting is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent; and the first injection hole 141 is arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting melting zone 14, the second injection hole 152 is arranged on the second side wall of the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15, The height of the first spray hole 141 is higher than the height of the second spray hole 152 .

The electrothermal reduction unit 20 includes an electrothermal reduction zone 21 and a heating electrode 22, the electrothermal reduction zone 21 has a smelting slag inlet 201, the smelting slag inlet 201 is connected to the smelting slag outlet 104, and the heating electrode 22 extends through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone 21 to the inside thereof , the electrothermal reduction zone 21 is used for electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag obtained in the jet smelting process.

The iron-based minerals are processed by the above-mentioned smelting device, the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel are injected into the jet smelting zone 11 by the upper lance 12 through the upper orifice 102 , and the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel are injected into the jet smelting zone 11 by the lower lance 13 through the lower orifice 103 to the jet smelting zone 11 The second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are injected inside, and the iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent are added into the jet smelting zone 11 through the first feeding port 101 for jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; alternatively, the first lance 16 is used to spray the first oxygen-rich gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting melting zone 14 through the first nozzle hole 141 , and the iron-based minerals and the first flux are passed through the first feeding port 101 Add to the jet smelting melting zone 14 for jet smelting and melting to obtain molten material; use the second spray gun 17 to spray the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first oxygen-rich gas into the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting through the second nozzle hole 152 Reducing agent, using the second raw material inlet 151 to add the second reducing agent to the initial reduction zone 15 of jet smelting, and passing the molten material into the jet smelting melting zone 14 for initial reduction of jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; The oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel melt the iron-based minerals and the first flux to form molten material; the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are injected to make the molten material undergo a preliminary reduction reaction, so that more than 90% of the molten material is reduced. Iron reduction; the smelting slag is passed into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 through the smelting slag outlet 104 and the smelting slag inlet 201 , and is electrothermally reduced under the heating effect of the heating electrode 22 .

In the actual operation process, iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent do not need to be made into pellets first, and can be directly fed into the jet smelting zone from the first feeding port. Subsequently, under the action of the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel injected by the upper lance 12 (or the first lance 16 ), the iron-based minerals are rapidly melted under the condition of a weak reducing atmosphere and a large amount of exothermic fuel, forming of molten material. It should be noted here that the first flux and the second reducing agent enter together with the iron-based minerals, and the second reducing agent can be used to preliminarily remove part of the three parts of the minerals during the spraying process of the upper spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16 ). The reduction of valent iron to ferrous iron is conducive to reducing the melting point of iron-based minerals, and the weak reducing atmosphere provided by the first flux and the upper spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16) and the large amount of fuel exothermic conditions can also promote iron-based minerals. Rapid melting of minerals. The molten material enters the lower part of the jet smelting zone 11 (or the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting), and the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent sprayed in the lower lance 13 (or the second lance 17) have strong reducibility Under the supplementary heating conditions of atmosphere and fuel, more than 90% of iron is reduced to metallic state, and the total recovery rate of iron can reach more than 95%.

It can be seen that the present invention improves the injection method of fuel and reducing agent by optimizing the arrangement of the spray guns, using the arrangement of double-layer spray guns or the method of setting single-layer spray guns in different jet smelting areas, and the upper spray gun 12 (or the first spray gun 16) sprays Oxygen-enriched air and fuel realize the melting of materials, and the lower spray gun 13 (or the second spray gun 17) sprays oxygen-enriched air, fuel and reducing agent, which not only provides sufficient amount of reducing agent but also supplements heat for reduction, and controls the different heights of the jet smelting zone ( or different regions), maintain a reasonable distribution of the temperature of the entire molten pool in the jet smelting zone 11 (or the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15), and realize the rapid melting of the material in the upper part of the slag and the iron in the lower part of the slag. Efficient reduction (or rapid melting of the material in the melting zone 14 of jet smelting and efficient reduction of iron in the molten material in the initial reduction zone 15 of jet smelting), so that more than 90% of the iron is reduced to metal, which greatly reduces the depth reduction of the subsequent electrothermal reduction unit 20. stage energy consumption. The smelting slag produced by jet smelting further enters the electrothermal reduction zone 21, and under the heating action of the heating electrode 22, the smelting slag is deeply reduced, and the iron therein is further recovered. In addition, for vanadium-titanium magnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite and other iron-based minerals containing vanadium and titanium, the above method can also complete the two-step reduction of vanadium together with iron, while titanium is enriched in the slag to form high Titanium slag can be efficiently separated from iron and vanadium, and the total recovery rate of vanadium can reach more than 80%.

In a preferred embodiment, both the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are separate (as shown in FIG. 2 ) or integrated equipment (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 ). For integrated equipment, it can be an integrated furnace in which the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area are separated by a partition wall, or an integrated furnace in which the jet smelting melting area, the primary reduction area of the jet smelting and the electrothermal reduction area are separated by a partition wall, For the split type equipment, the jet smelting unit and the electrothermal reduction unit can be designed in a split type and connected by a chute in the middle. details as follows:

When the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are integrated equipment, the jet smelting area 11 and the electrothermal reduction area 21 are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a partition wall, and the jet smelting area 11 and the electrothermal reduction area are located in the same furnace body. 21 are respectively located on both sides of the partition wall, there is a communication channel between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the communication channel. In this way, in the actual treatment process, the first metal or matte (hot metal, or molten iron containing vanadium) produced in the jet smelting process enters the electrothermal reduction stage together with the smelting slag, and finally joins the metal or matte produced by the electrothermal reduction of the smelting slag. emission. Alternatively, the jet smelting melting zone 14, the jet smelting initial reduction zone 15 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a first partition wall and a second partition wall, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 and the jet smelting initial The reduction zone 15 is respectively located on both sides of the first partition wall, the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are respectively located on both sides of the second partition wall, the bottom of the first partition wall is provided with a first communication channel, and the second partition wall is provided with a first communication channel. The bottom is provided with a second communication channel, the smelting slag inlet 201 and the smelting slag outlet 104 are both located at the second communication channel, and the jet smelting melting zone 14 also has a first metal or matte discharge port 105 . In this way, the molten material obtained by jet melting in the jet smelting melting zone 14 enters the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15 for preliminary reduction, and the obtained first metal or matte can enter the electrothermal reduction zone 21 with the smelting slag, or can pass through the jet smelting melting zone 14 The first metal or matte discharge port 105 discharges the collection.

When both the jet smelting unit 10 and the electrothermal reduction unit 20 are separate devices, the jet smelting zone 11 and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 are located in two furnace bodies respectively, and the jet smelting zone 11 also has a first metal or matte discharge port 105 . In this way, in the actual treatment process, the first metal or matte (the first part of molten iron, or the first part of vanadium-containing molten iron) produced during the jet smelting process is directly discharged from the jet smelting zone 11 . The smelting slag enters the electrothermal reduction zone 21 for deep reduction, and the second metal or matte (the second part of molten iron, or the second part of vanadium-containing molten iron) is discharged from the electrothermal reduction zone 21, and the final tailings (or high-titanium slag) are discharged from the electrothermal reduction zone 21. ) is also discharged from the electrothermal reduction zone 21 .

In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned jet smelting unit 10 adopts a shaft furnace with a high furnace height. In order to facilitate the arrangement of the spray gun and the operation of the foamed slag, the furnace shape can be rectangular, circular, oval, or racetrack; The height is low, and the furnace type can be rectangular, circular, oval, or track type.

In a preferred embodiment, the electrothermal reduction zone 21 further has a third feed port 202 and/or an electrothermal reduction nozzle; the third feed port 202 is used to add the second flux and the third flux into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 Reducing agent; when the electrothermal reduction zone 21 also has electrothermal reduction nozzle holes, the electrothermal reduction unit 20 further includes an electrothermal reduction spray gun, which is used to spray the fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone 21 through the electrothermal reduction nozzle holes. By supplementing the second flux, the third reducing agent and/or the fourth reducing agent, the smelting slag can be further reduced in depth, and the iron in the smelting slag (and vanadium in the iron-based mineral smelting slag containing vanadium and titanium) can be further reduced. Recycle.

Preferably, the electrothermal reduction zone 21 also has a second metal or matte discharge port 203 . In this way, the second metal or matte (hot metal, or molten iron containing vanadium) produced in the electrothermal reduction process can be discharged through the second metal or matte discharge port 203 . Preferably, the electrothermal reduction zone 21 also has a tailings outlet 205 for discharging tailings.

In order to make the upper layer lance 12 provide a weak reducing atmosphere and the fuel release heat more uniformly, thereby promoting the faster and more complete melting of iron-based minerals, in a preferred embodiment, there are multiple upper lances 12, and the upper The spray gun 12 is a double-channel spray gun, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the first oxygen-rich gas, and the outer layer channel is used for spraying the first fuel. There are a plurality of first spray guns 16 , and the first spray guns 16 are dual-channel spray guns. The inner channel is sprayed with the first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel is sprayed with the first fuel.

In order to make the molten iron-based minerals more fully reduced and provide sufficient heat for its reduction reaction, in a preferred embodiment, there are multiple lower lances 13, or multiple second lances 17; The one-piece spray gun or the split-type spray gun, the one-piece spray gun is: the lower spray gun 13 and the second spray gun 17 are both three-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the first reducing agent, and the middle layer channel is used for spraying the second reducing agent. Oxygen-enriched gas, the outer channel is used for spraying the second fuel; or, the split-type spray gun is: a part of a plurality of lower spray guns 13 or a part of a plurality of second spray guns 17 is used for spraying the first reducing agent, and the rest is used for spraying the first reducing agent. The part is a double-channel spray gun, the inner channel is used for spraying the second oxygen-rich gas, and the outer channel is used for spraying the second fuel.

In a preferred embodiment, the height of the slag layer in the jet smelting zone 11 is denoted as H, the distance between the nozzle of the upper layer lance 12 and the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h1, and the distance between the nozzle of the lower layer lance 13 and the slag layer is denoted as h1. The distance from the surface of the layer is denoted as h2, where h1/H is 1/100 to 1/2, and h2/H is 1/2 to 99/100. In this way, the upper spray gun 12 can make the combustion of the first fuel take place in the foamed slag layer, improve the heat utilization rate, cause the lower molten pool to stir, and increase the heat transfer rate, which is beneficial to promote the rapid melting of the material added to the upper part of the foamed slag layer. . The lower spray gun 13 can realize the reduction of more than 90% iron, and supplement heat for the heat absorption in the reduction process, and is beneficial to prevent the bottom metal or matte layer from being re-involved in the slag.

In a preferred embodiment, the jet smelting zone 11 further has a first flue gas outlet 106 , the electrothermal reduction zone 21 further has a second flue gas outlet 204 , or the jet smelting melting zone 14 further has a first flue gas outlet 106 , the initial reduction zone 15 of the jet smelting also has a third flue gas outlet 153, and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 also has a second flue gas outlet 204; The second flue gas outlet 204 is connected, or connected to the first flue gas outlet 106 , the second flue gas outlet 204 and the third flue gas outlet 153 ; the inlet of the waste heat recovery unit 40 is connected to the outlet of the secondary combustion unit 30 . The temperature of the first flue gas produced in the jet smelting process is about 1400-1650°C, and combustible gases such as CO and H ₂ remain in it. The temperature of the second flue gas produced in the electrothermal reduction process is about 1500-1700° C. and contains a large amount of CO. These flue gases are first combusted and then recovered by waste heat, which can achieve the purpose of effectively utilizing resources and making the exhaust gas green emission, and the waste heat can be used for power generation after recovery. At the same time, the cooling flue gas obtained after the waste heat recovery can be further subjected to dust removal treatment and desulfurization treatment, and finally discharged, which should be understood by those skilled in the art and will not be repeated here. The soot collected during the dedusting process can be returned to the raw material system and re-entered into the jet smelting zone 11 , or re-entered into the jet smelting and melting zone 14 . Of course, the flue gases generated in the above-mentioned three areas of the jet smelting melting zone 14, the jet smelting primary reduction zone 15, and the electrothermal reduction zone 21 can also be combined in the furnace through a flue, or in the side blowing area.

The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present application.

Example 1

Taking vanadium titanomagnetite as raw material, the composition is shown in the following table (TFe represents the content of all iron in the material), unit wt%:

TFe V ₂ O ₅ TiO ₂ CaO MgO _SiO2 Al ₂ O ₃ FeO 55.08 1.74 13.78 0.07 1 1.46 3.83 8.24

The jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in Fig. 1 is adopted. The jet smelting area is provided with an upper-layer spray gun and a lower-layer spray gun. The distance from the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₁ , and the distance from the nozzle of the lower spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₂ , where h ₁ /H is 1/4 and h ₂ /H is 3/4.

The massive vanadium titanomagnetite and quicklime are put into the jet smelting area through a belt conveyor, and 15.80kg quicklime is added to each ton of vanadium titanosite, and the material enters the jet smelting area to be melted and reduced. Around 1550℃.

Oxygen-enriched (oxygen-enriched concentration 40%) and natural gas are injected into the upper spray gun in the upper part of the jet smelting zone, and oxygen-enriched 661Nm ³ (among them, air 501Nm ³ , oxygen 160Nm ³ ) and natural gas 147Nm ³ need to be injected into each ton of vanadium titanomagnetite . Oxygen, pulverized coal and natural gas are injected into the lower lance of the jet smelting area. The lance is an integrated multi-layer lance. Coal powder is injected into the center, oxygen-rich is injected into the sub-outer layer, and natural gas is injected into the outermost layer. Each ton of vanadium-titanium magnet Mine needs to inject 193.60kg of pulverized coal, 136Nm ³ of oxygen and 10Nm ³ of natural gas. The volume fractions of CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ in the gas phase of the combustion products of the upper and upper lances are 8.51%, 25.54%, 2.40%, 28.82% and 34.73%, respectively. ₂ and N ₂ volume fractions were 78.94%, 20.86% and 0.20%, respectively.

In the jet smelting area, 1146Nm ³ of high temperature flue gas at 1600℃ can be produced per ton of vanadium titanomagnetite. The high temperature flue gas from the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area is mixed with air in the secondary combustion chamber to make it fully combusted, and then The waste heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler to generate electricity, and the flue gas is discharged after treatment.

The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag. The C and V contents in the metal are 0.1% and 0.096% respectively, and the FeO content in the slag is 20.63%. 91% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal and slag produced in the jet smelting zone directly flow into the electrothermal reduction zone, and further deep reduction is carried out in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. In the electrothermal reduction zone, coke, silicon-manganese and lime were added for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity was CaO/SiO ₂ =1.0. The contents of FeO and TiO ₂ in the slag after deep reduction were 1.29% and 56.69%, respectively, and the contents of C and V in the vanadium-containing molten iron were 1.5% and 1.05%, respectively.

To process 100,000 tons of vanadium-titanium magnetite per year, 5,000 tons of quicklime, 24,400 tons of anthracite, 4,200 Nm ³ of natural gas, 2,600 tons of coke, and 1,000 tons of silicon manganese need to be consumed. The waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas can generate 29.77 million KWh of electricity. , can produce 58,500 tons of vanadium-containing molten iron, 24,800 tons of titanium slag, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90%, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.0%.

Example 2

Using vanadium titanomagnetite as raw material, the composition is shown in the following table:

TFe V ₂ O ₅ TiO ₂ CaO MgO _SiO2 Al ₂ O ₃ FeO 57.37 1.24 14.46 0.7 1.32 1.5 1.83 37.78

Using the integrated equipment of jet smelting unit and electrothermal reduction unit shown in Fig. 1, the height of the slag layer in the jet smelting zone is denoted as H, the distance between the nozzle of the upper spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h ₁ , and the The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun and the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₂ , where h ₁ /H is 1/4, and h ₂ /H is 3/4.

The massive vanadium titanomagnetite is put into the jet molten pool through the belt conveyor, and the material enters the jet melting zone for melting and reduction. The temperature of the molten pool in the jet melting zone is about 1650℃.

Oxygen and natural gas are injected into the upper spray gun in the upper part of the jet smelting area. Each ton of vanadium titanomagnetite needs to inject 126Nm ³ of oxygen and 37Nm ³ of natural gas. Oxygen, pulverized coal and natural gas are injected into the lower lance of the jet smelting area. The lance is a split type lance, which injects pulverized coal, oxygen and natural gas respectively. Each ton of vanadium-titanium is injected with 243.58kg of pulverized coal, 170Nm ³ of oxygen and 5Nm ³ of natural gas. . The volume fractions of CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ in the gas phase of the combustion products of the upper and upper lances are 18.12%, 54.36%, 2.09%, 25.13% and 0.30%, respectively. ₂ and N ₂ volume fractions were 82.18%, 17.63% and 0.19%, respectively.

In the jet smelting area, 570Nm ³ of high-temperature flue gas at 1650℃ can be produced per ton of vanadium titano-magnetite. The high-temperature flue gas from the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area is mixed with air in the secondary combustion chamber to make it fully combusted and made The flue gas is cooled to 1000 ℃, and then the waste heat is recovered by the waste heat boiler to generate electricity, and the flue gas is discharged after treatment.

Metal and slag can be produced in the jet smelting zone. The content of C and V in the metal is 0.1% and 0.07% respectively, and the FeO content in the slag is 23.26%. About 90% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal and slag produced in the jet smelting zone directly flow into the electrothermal reduction zone, and further deep reduction is carried out in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. In the electrothermal reduction zone, coke, silico-manganese and lime were added for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity was CaO/SiO ₂ =0.5. The contents of FeO and TiO ₂ in the slag after deep reduction were 1.29% and 56.69%, respectively, and the contents of C and V in the vanadium-containing molten iron were 1.5% and 1.05%, respectively.

To process 100,000 tons of vanadium-titanium magnetite per year, 5,000 tons of quicklime, 24,400 tons of anthracite, 4,200 Nm ³ of natural gas, 2,600 tons of coke, and 1,000 tons of silicon manganese need to be consumed. The waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas can generate 29.77 million KWh of electricity. , it can produce 58,500 tons of vanadium-containing molten iron and 24,800 tons of titanium slag, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90%, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.1%.

Example 3

Using sea sand ore as raw material, the composition is shown in the following table:

TFe V ₂ O ₅ TiO ₂ CaO MgO _SiO2 Al ₂ O ₃ FeO 51.65 0.649 15.02 0.466 1.02 6.67 4.36 9.90

The jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit split-type equipment shown in Figure 2 is adopted. The jet smelting area is provided with an upper-layer spray gun and a lower-layer spray gun. The distance from the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₁ , and the distance from the nozzle of the lower spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₂ , where h ₁ /H is 1/4 and h ₂ /H is 3/4.

The sea sand ore and quicklime are mixed according to the ratio of 1000:32. After mixing, the material is put into the jet molten pool through the belt conveyor, and the material enters the jet melting zone for melting and reduction. The temperature of the molten pool in the jet melting zone is about 1600 ℃.

Oxygen-enriched (oxygen-enriched concentration 50%) and natural gas are injected into the upper spray gun in the upper part of the jet smelting zone, and oxygen-enriched 326Nm ³ (including oxygen 120Nm ³ , air 206Nm ³ ) and natural gas 61Nm ³ should be injected per ton of sea sand ore. The lower spray gun in the lower part of the jet smelting area is sprayed with oxygen-enriched (oxygen-enriched concentration 95%), coal powder and natural gas. The spray gun is an integrated multi-layer spray gun. Natural gas was injected, and 237.91kg of pulverized coal, 177Nm ³ of oxygen-rich (including 10Nm ³ of air, 167Nm ³ of oxygen) and 10Nm ^of natural gas were injected into each ton of sea sand ore. The volume fractions of CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ in the gas phase of the combustion products of the upper and upper lances are 13.28%, 39.84%, 1.98%, 23.81% and 21.09%, respectively. ₂ and N ₂ volume fractions were 79.20%, 18.91% and 1.89%, respectively.

In the jet smelting area, 817Nm ³ of high-temperature flue gas at 1600℃ can be produced per ton of sea sand ore. The high-temperature flue gas from the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area is mixed with air in the secondary combustion chamber to make it fully combusted, and then the waste heat The boiler recovers the waste heat to generate electricity, and the flue gas is discharged after treatment.

The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag. The C and V contents in the metal are 0.1% and 0.04% respectively, and the FeO content in the slag is 17.00%. About 90% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal produced in the jet smelting area is directly sent to the steel-making converter or electric furnace as the steel-making raw material, and the slag flows into the electrothermal reduction area through the chute, and further deep reduction is carried out in the electrothermal reduction area to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. In the electrothermal reduction zone, coke, ferromanganese and lime are added for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity is CaO/SiO ₂ =1. The contents of FeO and TiO ₂ in the slag after deep reduction were 0.90% and 38.69%, respectively, and the contents of C, V, Mn and Si in the vanadium-containing molten iron were 3%, 5.07%, 1.25% and 3.08%, respectively.

The annual processing of 100,000 tons of sea sand ore requires 7,700 tons of quicklime, 23,800 tons of anthracite, 7,100 Nm ³ of natural gas, 1,500 tons of coke, and 2,000 tons of ferromanganese. The waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas can generate 35.65 million KWh of electricity. The output is 46,300 tons of low-vanadium metal, 6,000 tons of vanadium-containing molten iron, and 37,700 tons of titanium slag. The recovery rate of vanadium is about 90%, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.4%.

Example 4

Using high-phosphorus iron ore as raw material, the composition is shown in the following table:

Fe ₂ O ₃ FeO TiO ₂ CaO MgO _SiO2 Al ₂ O ₃ P 73.05 0.345 0.126 5.36 0.497 9.46 3.76 1.71

The jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in Fig. 1 is adopted. The jet smelting area is provided with an upper-layer spray gun and a lower-layer spray gun. The distance from the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₁ , and the distance from the nozzle of the lower spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₂ , where h ₁ /H is 1/4 and h ₂ /H is 3/4.

Mix high-phosphorus iron ore with quicklime and anthracite in a ratio of 1000:71:50. After mixing, the material is put into the jet melting pool through a belt conveyor, and the material enters the jet melting zone for melting and reduction. The temperature of the upper part of the jet melting zone is 1550 ℃ left and right, the lower part is about 1450 ℃.

Oxygen-enriched (oxygen-enriched concentration 40%) and natural gas are injected into the upper spray gun in the upper part of the jet smelting zone, and oxygen-enriched 508Nm ³ (among them, air 385Nm ³ , oxygen 123Nm ³ ) and natural gas 35Nm ³ should be injected per ton of high-phosphorus iron ore. The lower spray gun in the lower part of the jet smelting area is sprayed with oxygen-rich (oxygen-rich concentration 60%), pulverized coal and natural gas. The spray gun is an integrated multi-layer spray gun. Into natural gas, each ton of high phosphorus iron ore needs to inject 279.52kg of pulverized coal, 326Nm ³ of oxygen enrichment (including 164Nm ³ of air, 162Nm ³ of oxygen) and 10Nm ³ of natural gas. The volume fractions of CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ in the gas phase of the combustion products of the upper and upper lances are 11.62%, 34.85%, 1.23%, 14.80% and 37.50%, respectively. ₂ and N ₂ volume fractions were 64.92%, 15.34% and 19.75%, respectively.

In the jet smelting area, 1161Nm ³ of high-temperature flue gas at 1550°C can be produced per ton of high-phosphorus iron ore. The high-temperature flue gas from the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area is mixed with air in the secondary combustion chamber to make it fully combusted, and then passed through The waste heat boiler recovers waste heat to generate electricity, and the flue gas is discharged after treatment.

The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag. The C and P content in the metal are 1.0% and 3.04% respectively, and the FeO content in the slag is 8.60%. About 95% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal and slag produced in the jet smelting zone directly flow into the electrothermal reduction zone for further deep reduction to obtain molten iron and slag. Anthracite and lime were added to the electrothermal reduction zone for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity was CaO/SiO ₂ =1.2. After deep reduction, the FeO content in the slag was 0.643%, and the C, P, Si content in the molten iron were 4.0%, 2.96%, and 0.47%, respectively.

The annual processing of 100,000 tons of high-phosphorus iron ore requires 7,900 tons of quicklime, 36,200 tons of anthracite, and 4,500 Nm ³ of natural gas. The waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas can generate 45.25 million KWh of electricity, and can produce 54,800 tons of molten iron and 35,200 tons of slag. ton, the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.2%.

Example 5

Using magnetite concentrate as raw material, the composition is shown in the following table:

Fe ₃ O ₄ TiO ₂ CaO MgO _SiO2 Al ₂ O ₃ P 82.86 0.1 2 0.5 13 1 0.2

The jet smelting unit-electrothermal reduction unit integrated equipment shown in Fig. 1 is adopted. The jet smelting area is provided with an upper-layer spray gun and a lower-layer spray gun. The distance from the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₁ , and the distance from the nozzle of the lower spray gun to the surface of the slag layer is recorded as h ₂ , where h ₁ /H is 1/4 and h ₂ /H is 3/4.

The magnetite concentrate, quicklime and anthracite are respectively put into the jet molten pool through the belt conveyor according to the ratio of 1000:204:50, and the material enters the jet melting zone for melting and reduction.

Oxygen-enriched (oxygen-enriched concentration 40%) and natural gas are injected into the upper lance in the upper part of the jet smelting zone, and oxygen-enriched 574Nm ³ (including oxygen 139Nm ³ , air 435Nm ³ ) and natural gas 50Nm ³ should be injected into each ton of magnetite concentrate. The lower spray gun in the lower part of the jet smelting area is sprayed with oxygen-enriched (oxygen-enriched concentration of 90%), pulverized coal and natural gas. The spray gun is an integrated multi-layer spray gun. Into natural gas, each ton of iron concentrate needs to inject 296.18kg of pulverized coal, 218Nm ³ of oxygen enrichment (including 26Nm ³ of air, 192Nm ³ of oxygen) and 10Nm ³ of natural gas. The volume fractions of CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ in the gas phase of the combustion products of the upper and upper lances are 12.30%, 36.89%, 1.45%, 17.45% and 31.91%, respectively. ₂ and N ₂ volume fractions were 77.76%, 18.34% and 3.90%, respectively.

In the jet smelting area, 1148Nm ³ of high-temperature flue gas at 1550℃ can be produced per ton of high-phosphorus iron ore. The high-temperature flue gas produced in the jet smelting area and the electrothermal reduction area is mixed with air in the secondary combustion chamber to make it fully combusted, and then passed through The waste heat boiler recovers waste heat to generate electricity, and the flue gas is discharged after treatment.

The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag. The C content in the metal is 1.0%, and the FeO content in the slag is 8.84%. About 95% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal and slag produced in the jet smelting zone directly flow into the electrothermal reduction zone for further deep reduction to obtain molten iron and slag. Anthracite and lime were added to the electrothermal reduction zone for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity was CaO/SiO ₂ =1.5. After deep reduction, the FeO content in the slag was 0.515%, and the C content in the molten iron was 4.3%.

To process 100,000 tons of iron ore concentrate annually, it needs to consume 22,000 tons of quicklime, 38,300 tons of anthracite coal, and 6,000 Nm ³ of natural gas. The waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas can generate 46.34 million KWh of electricity, and can produce 62,300 tons of molten iron and 41,000 tons of slag. , the total recovery rate of iron is about 99.2%.

Example 6

Compared with Example 1, only the position of the spray gun is changed, h1/H=1/2, h2/H=1/100, and other smelting process parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag. The C and V contents in the metal are 0.1% and 0.1% respectively, and the FeO content in the slag is 15%. 93% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal and slag produced in the jet smelting zone directly flow into the electrothermal reduction zone, and further deep reduction is carried out in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. In the electrothermal reduction zone, coke, silicon-manganese and lime were added for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity was CaO/SiO ₂ =1.0. The contents of FeO and TiO ₂ in the slag after deep reduction were 1.5% and 55.2%, respectively, and the contents of C and V in the vanadium-containing molten iron were 1.5% and 1.05%, respectively.

To process 100,000 tons of vanadium-titanium magnetite per year, 5,000 tons of quicklime, 25,000 tons of anthracite, 4,000 Nm ³ of natural gas, 2,500 tons of coke, and 1,000 tons of silicon manganese need to be consumed. The waste heat recovery of high temperature flue gas can generate 30 million KWh of electricity. , it can produce 58,000 tons of vanadium-containing molten iron and 25,000 tons of titanium slag, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90%, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99%.

Example 7

Compared with Example 1, only the position of the spray gun is changed, h1/H=99/100, h2/H=1/2, and other smelting process parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

The jet smelting zone can produce metal and slag. The C and V contents in the metal are 0.07% and 0.05% respectively, and the FeO content in the slag is 25%. 88% of the iron in the jet smelting zone enters the metal phase. The metal and slag produced in the jet smelting zone directly flow into the electrothermal reduction zone, and further deep reduction is carried out in the electrothermal reduction zone to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and titanium slag. In the electrothermal reduction zone, coke, silicon-manganese and lime were added for deep reduction and slag type adjustment, and the slag basicity was CaO/SiO ₂ =1.0. The contents of FeO and TiO ₂ in the slag after deep reduction were 1.5% and 55%, respectively, and the contents of C and V in the vanadium-containing molten iron were 1.5% and 1.0%, respectively.

To process 100,000 tons of vanadium-titanium magnetite per year, 5,000 tons of quicklime, 25,000 tons of anthracite, 4,000 Nm ³ of natural gas, 3,000 tons of coke, and 1,200 tons of silicon manganese need to be consumed. The waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas can generate 30 million KWh of electricity. , it can produce 59,000 tons of vanadium-containing molten iron and 25,000 tons of titanium slag, the recovery rate of vanadium is about 90%, and the total recovery rate of iron is about 99%.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (14)

A smelting device for iron-based minerals, characterized in that the smelting device comprises a jet smelting unit (10) and an electrothermal reduction unit (20), wherein: The jet smelting unit (10) includes a jet smelting zone (11), an upper-layer spray gun (12) and a lower-layer spray gun (13), and the jet-stream smelting zone (11) has a first feeding port (101), an upper-layer spray hole (13). 102), lower layer nozzle holes (103) and smelting slag outlet (104), the upper layer nozzle holes (102) and the lower layer nozzle holes (103) are arranged on the side walls of the jet smelting zone (11), and all The height of the upper layer spray holes (102) is higher than the height of the lower layer spray holes (103), and the upper layer spray gun (12) sprays into the jet smelting zone (11) through the upper layer spray holes (102) A first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel, the lower-layer spray gun (13) sprays a second oxygen-enriched gas, a second fuel, and a first oxygen-enriched gas into the jet smelting zone (11) through the lower-layer spray holes (103) A reducing agent, the first feeding port (101) is used to add the iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent into the jet smelting zone (11), and the jet smelting zone (11) uses for jet smelting said iron-based minerals; or, The jet smelting unit (10) includes a jet smelting melting zone (14), a jet smelting primary reduction zone (15), a first lance (16) and a second lance (17), and the jet smelting unit (10) is integrated type equipment, the jet smelting melting zone (14) and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) are located in the same furnace body and communicate with each other; the jet smelting and melting zone (14) has a first feeding port (101) and a first spray hole (141); the first spray gun (16) sprays a first oxygen-rich gas and a first fuel into the jet smelting and melting zone (14) through the first spray hole (141), The first feeding port (101) is used for adding the iron-based minerals and the first flux into the jet smelting melting zone (14), and the jet smelting and melting zone (14) is used for making the iron-based minerals The minerals are subjected to jet smelting and melting to obtain molten materials; the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) has a second raw material inlet (151), a second spray hole (152) and a smelting slag outlet (104); the second spray gun ( 17) The second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent are injected into the primary reduction zone (15) of the jet smelting through the second injection hole (152), and the second raw material inlet (151) for adding a second reducing agent to the primary reduction zone (15) of jet smelting, and the primary reduction zone (15) for jet smelting is used for jet smelting the molten material in the presence of the first reducing agent Preliminary reduction; and the first injection hole (141) is arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting melting zone (14), and the second injection hole (152) is arranged in the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) On the second side wall of the first spray hole (141), the height of the first spray hole (141) is higher than the height of the second spray hole (152); The electrothermal reduction unit (20) comprises an electrothermal reduction zone (21) and a heating electrode (22), the electrothermal reduction zone (21) has a smelting slag inlet (201), and the smelting slag inlet (201) is connected to the smelting slag inlet (201). The slag outlet (104) is connected, and the heating electrode (22) extends through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone (21) to the inside thereof, and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) is used for the jet smelting unit (10) The obtained smelting slag is electrothermally reduced. The smelting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are separate or integrated equipment; When the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are integrated equipment, The jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located in the same furnace body, and a partition wall is provided in the furnace body, and the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively On both sides of the partition wall, there is a communication channel between the partition wall and the bottom wall of the furnace body, and the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag outlet (104) are both located at the communication channel; or , The jet smelting melting zone (14), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a first partition wall and a second partition wall , the jet smelting melting zone (14) and the jet smelting initial reduction zone (15) are respectively located on both sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting initial reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone ( 21) are respectively located on both sides of the second partition wall, the bottom of the first partition wall is provided with a first communication channel, the bottom of the second partition wall is provided with a second communication channel, the jet smelting melting zone (14) ) also has a first metal or matte vent (105). When both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are separate equipment, The jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively located in two furnace bodies, and the jet smelting zone (11) also has a first metal or matte discharge port (105). The smelting device according to claim 1, wherein the electrothermal reduction zone (21) further has a third feed port (202) and/or an electrothermal reduction nozzle; The third feed port (202) is used for adding a second flux and a third reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone (21); When the electrothermal reduction zone (21) further has the electrothermal reduction spray holes, the electrothermal reduction unit (20) further includes an electrothermal reduction spray gun, and the electrothermal reduction spray gun is used to pass the electrothermal reduction spray holes to the electrothermal reduction spray holes. The fourth reducing agent is sprayed in the electrothermal reduction zone (21); Preferably, the electrothermal reduction zone (21) also has a second metal or matte discharge port (203). The smelting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there are a plurality of the upper-layer lances (12) and the first lances (16), respectively, and the upper-layer lances (12) and the first spray gun (16) are both dual-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the first oxygen-rich gas, and the outer layer channel is used for spraying the first fuel; Preferably, there are a plurality of the lower spray guns (13) and the second spray guns (17) respectively; The lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) are three-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is used for spraying the first reducing agent, and the middle layer channel is used for spraying the second oxygen-rich gas , the outer channel is used to inject the second fuel; or, Among the plurality of lower spray guns (13) and the plurality of second spray guns (17), a part is used for spraying the first reducing agent, and the remaining part is a dual-channel spray gun, and the inner layer channel is used for spraying the the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel is used for injecting the second fuel. The smelting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the height of the slag layer of the jet smelting in the jet smelting zone (11) is denoted as H, and the upper lance (12) ) The distance between the nozzle and the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h1, and the distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun (13) and the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h2, wherein h1/H is 1/100～1/2, h2/ H is 1/2 to 99/100. The smelting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the jet smelting zone (11) further has a first flue gas outlet (106), and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) further has a first flue gas outlet (106). Two flue gas outlets (204); or, the jet smelting melting zone (14) further has a first flue gas outlet (106), and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) further has a third flue gas outlet (153) , the electrothermal reduction zone (21) also has a second flue gas outlet (204); the smelting device further includes: A secondary combustion unit (30), the inlet of which is connected to the first flue gas outlet (106) and the second flue gas outlet (204), or to the first flue gas outlet (106), the second flue gas outlet (106) The gas outlet (204) is connected to the third flue gas outlet (153); A waste heat recovery unit (40), the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the secondary combustion unit (30). A smelting method for iron-based minerals, characterized in that the smelting device adopted in the smelting method comprises: A jet smelting unit (10), the jet smelting unit (10) includes a jet smelting zone (11), an upper-layer lance (12) and a lower-layer lance (13), and the jet smelting zone (11) has a first feeding port ( 101), upper layer nozzle holes (102), lower layer nozzle holes (103) and smelting slag outlet (104), the upper layer nozzle holes (102) and the lower layer nozzle holes (103) are arranged in the jet smelting zone (11) ), and the height of the upper orifice (102) is higher than the height of the lower orifice (103); or, the jet melting unit (10) includes a jet melting melting zone (14), a jet melting A primary reduction zone (15), a first lance (16) and a second lance (17), the jet smelting unit (10) is an integrated device, the jet smelting and melting zone (14) and the jet smelting primary reduction The zone (15) is located in the same furnace body and communicated with each other; the jet smelting melting zone (14) has a first feeding port (101) and a first injection hole (141), and the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15) It has a second raw material inlet (151), a second injection hole (152) and a smelting slag outlet (104), the first injection hole (141) is arranged on the side wall of the jet smelting and melting zone (14), so The second injection hole (152) is arranged on the second side wall of the initial reduction zone (15) of the jet smelting, and the height of the first injection hole (141) is higher than the height of the second injection hole (152). high; An electrothermal reduction unit (20), comprising an electrothermal reduction zone (21) and a heating electrode (22), the electrothermal reduction zone (21) has a smelting slag inlet (201), the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag inlet (201) The outlet (104) is connected, and the heating electrode (22) extends through the outer wall of the electrothermal reduction zone (21) to the inside thereof; The smelting method comprises the following steps: The upper layer spray gun (12) is used to spray the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel into the jet smelting zone (11) through the upper layer spray hole (102), and the lower layer spray gun (13) is used to pass through the jet smelting zone (11). The lower layer nozzle (103) sprays the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent into the jet smelting zone (11), and the iron-based minerals, the first flux and the second reducing agent pass through the jet smelting zone (11). The first feeding port (101) is added into the jet smelting zone (11) for jet smelting to obtain smelting slag; A first oxygen-enriched gas and a first fuel are injected into the jet smelting melting zone (14), and the iron-based minerals and a first flux are added to the jet smelting and melting through the first feeding port (101). Jet smelting and melting are carried out in the zone (14) to obtain molten material; the second spray gun (17) is used to spray the second rich material into the initial reduction zone (15) of the jet smelting through the second orifice (152). Oxygen gas, a second fuel and a first reducing agent, the second reducing agent is added to the primary reduction zone (15) of the jet smelting by using the second raw material inlet (151), and the molten material is passed into the jet In the smelting melting zone (14), primary reduction by jet smelting is performed to obtain smelting slag; wherein, the iron-based minerals and the first flux are melted by blowing the first oxygen-enriched gas and the first fuel to form a molten material ; Blowing the second oxygen-enriched gas, the second fuel and the first reducing agent to make the molten material carry out a preliminary reduction reaction, thereby reducing more than 90% of the iron; The smelting slag is passed into the electrothermal reduction zone (21) through the smelting slag outlet (104) and the smelting slag inlet (201), and electrothermal reduction is performed under the heating effect of the heating electrode (22) . The smelting method according to claim 7, characterized in that there are a plurality of the upper-layer lances (12) and the first lances (16), respectively, and the upper-layer lances (12) and the first lances (16) Both are dual-channel spray guns, wherein the inner channel is sprayed with the first oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer channel is sprayed with the first fuel; Preferably, the injection flow rate of the first oxygen-rich gas corresponding to each ton of the iron-based mineral is 100-700Nm ³ , and the injection flow rate of the first fuel is 30-150Nm ³ ; Preferably, the combustion gas phase components injected by the upper-layer spray gun (12) and the first spray gun (16) include CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ , H ₂ O and N ₂ , and the volume fraction of each component is 5 respectively ~20%, 20~60%, 1~3%, 10~30% and 0.1~40%; Preferably, the first oxygen-enriched gas is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a volume fraction of 40-100%; the first fuel is natural gas, heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal gas, coal-to-gas, hydrogen, coke powder, gasoline one or more of. The smelting method according to claim 7, characterized in that there are a plurality of the lower spray guns (13) and the second spray guns (17) respectively; The lower layer spray gun (13) and the second spray gun (17) are three-channel spray guns, the inner layer channel is sprayed with the first reducing agent, the middle layer channel is sprayed with the second oxygen-enriched gas, and the outer layer channel is sprayed with the second fuel; or, Among the plurality of the lower layer spray guns (13) and the plurality of the second spray guns (17), a part is sprayed with the first reducing agent, and the remaining part is a dual-channel spray gun, and the inner layer channel is sprayed with the second rich agent. Oxygen gas, the outer channel injects the second fuel; Preferably, the first reductant is sprayed through a first inert carrier gas, wherein the delivery concentration of the first reductant is 1kg/m ³ to 40kg/m ³ ; The injection flow rate of the second oxygen-enriched gas is 100-400Nm ³ , the injection flow rate of the second fuel is 5-10Nm ³ , and the injection flow rate of the first reducing agent is 100-300kg; Preferably, the combustion gas phase components blown by the lower layer lance (13) and the second lance (17) include CO, H ₂ and N ₂ , and the volume fraction of each component is 60-85%, 10-25%, respectively. % and 0.1～20%; Preferably, the first reducing agent is one or more of coal powder, coke powder, petroleum coke, and graphite; the first inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; the second oxygen-enriched gas is a volume of Oxygen-enriched air or oxygen with a fraction of 40-100%; the second fuel is one or more of natural gas, heavy oil, pulverized coal, coal gas, coal-to-gas, hydrogen, coke powder, and gasoline. The smelting method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein, When the jet smelting unit (10) includes the jet smelting zone (11), the upper lance (12) and the lower lance (13), the operating temperature during the jet smelting is 1400-1650°C ; When the jet smelting unit (10) includes the jet smelting melting zone (14), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15), the first lance (16) and the second lance (17), The operating temperature in the jet smelting and melting process is 1400-1600°C, and the operating temperature in the initial reduction process of the jet smelting is 1450-1650°C. Preferably, when the jet smelting unit (10) includes the jet smelting zone (11), the upper lance (12) and the lower lance (13), the temperature above the slag layer of the jet smelting is 1400～1600℃, the temperature below is 1450～1650℃; Preferably, when the jet smelting unit (10) comprises the jet smelting melting zone (14), the jet smelting primary reduction zone (15), the first lance (16) and the second lance (17) ), the operating temperature in the jet smelting and melting process is 1480 °C, and the operating temperature in the initial reduction process of the jet smelting is 1520-1600 °C; Preferably, the height of the slag layer smelted by the jet in the jet smelting zone (11) is denoted as H, the distance from the nozzle of the upper spray gun (12) to the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h1, and the The distance between the nozzle of the lower spray gun (13) and the surface of the slag layer is denoted as h2, wherein h1/H is 1/100-1/2, and h2/H is 1/2-99/100. The smelting method according to claim 10, wherein the binary basicity of the smelting slag is CaO/SiO ₂ =0.5-1.5. The smelting method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the electrothermal reduction zone (21) further has a third feed port (202) and/or an electrothermal reduction nozzle; During the electrothermal reduction process, the second flux and the third reducing agent are added into the electrothermal reduction zone (21) through the third feed port (202); The reduction nozzle sprays the fourth reducing agent into the electrothermal reduction zone (21); Preferably, the third reducing agent is one or more of lump coal, coke, silicon manganese, and ferrosilicon; the fourth reducing agent is pulverized coal, coke powder, graphite powder, natural gas, coal-to-gas, One or more of coal gas and hydrogen; Preferably, when using the electrothermal reduction spray gun to spray the fourth reducing agent, the fourth reducing agent is sprayed through a second inert carrier gas; the second inert carrier gas is nitrogen or argon; Preferably, the operating temperature in the electrothermal reduction process is 1500-1700°C. The smelting method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the iron-based minerals are vanadium titanomagnetite, sea sand ore, ilmenite, high phosphorus iron ore, iron concentrate, ball One or more of briquettes, iron ore powder, and iron ore, and the second reducing agent is one or more of coal powder, lump coal, coke, silicon manganese, and ferrosilicon; preferably, the The particle size of the iron-based mineral, the second reducing agent, and the first flux are all less than 50 mm, and the water content is all less than 10 wt%; relative to the weight of the iron-based mineral, the amount of the second reducing agent is 15 ~45%. The smelting method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are separate or integrated equipment; Preferably, when the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are integrated devices, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located in the same furnace body , and the furnace body is provided with a partition wall, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively located on both sides of the partition wall, the partition wall and the bottom of the furnace body There is a communication channel between the walls, the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag outlet (104) are both located at the communication channel, and the smelting slag is connected with the first metal or the first metal or the first metal produced in the jet smelting process. The matte is passed into the electrothermal reduction zone (21) through the communication channel together to carry out the electrothermal reduction reaction; The reduction zone (21) is located in the same furnace body, and the furnace body is provided with a first partition wall and a second partition wall, and the jet smelting melting zone (14) and the jet smelting initial reduction zone (15) are respectively located in the same furnace body. On both sides of the first partition wall, the jet smelting initial reduction zone (15) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are respectively located on both sides of the second partition wall, and the bottom of the first partition wall is provided with a second partition wall. A communication channel, the bottom of the second partition wall is provided with a second communication channel, the smelting slag inlet (201) and the smelting slag outlet (104) are both located at the second communication channel, the jet smelting melting zone (14) also has a first metal or matte vent (105); Preferably, when both the jet smelting unit (10) and the electrothermal reduction unit (20) are separate equipment, the jet smelting zone (11) and the electrothermal reduction zone (21) are located in two In the furnace body, the jet smelting zone (11) also has a first metal or matte discharge port (105), and the first metal or matte produced in the jet smelting process passes through the first metal or matte discharge port ( 105) discharge; Preferably, the smelting method further comprises, sequentially performing secondary combustion and waste heat recovery on the first flue gas produced by the jet smelting process and the second flue gas produced by the electrothermal reduction process, or, The first flue gas produced by the jet smelting melting process, the second flue gas produced by the electrothermal reduction process and the third flue gas produced by the initial reduction process of the jet smelting are combined, and secondary combustion and waste heat recovery are carried out in sequence .

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