WO2022070910A1 - 低温半田、低温半田の製造方法、および低温半田被覆リード線 - Google Patents
低温半田、低温半田の製造方法、および低温半田被覆リード線 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070910A1 WO2022070910A1 PCT/JP2021/033865 JP2021033865W WO2022070910A1 WO 2022070910 A1 WO2022070910 A1 WO 2022070910A1 JP 2021033865 W JP2021033865 W JP 2021033865W WO 2022070910 A1 WO2022070910 A1 WO 2022070910A1
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- Prior art keywords
- low
- temperature solder
- alloy
- temperature
- soldering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/06—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C12/00—Alloys based on antimony or bismuth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to low-temperature solder used for a resin film used for a solar cell substrate, a liquid crystal substrate, etc., a method for manufacturing low-temperature solder, and a low-temperature solder-coated lead wire.
- the conventional lead-free solder Compared with tin-lead solder, the conventional lead-free solder had problems that the strength was slightly insufficient for the required strength and that the price was high and it could not be replaced.
- the present inventors have described Al. P. One or more such as Sb, In (excluding when the base material contains In), etc., total up to 3 wt%. It has been discovered that low-temperature solder, which is preferably melted and alloyed by mixing a small amount of 1 wt% to 1.5 wt% or less, can be soldered extremely firmly to electrodes (aluminum, copper, etc.) such as resin films.
- the base material which is an alloy of Sn and Bi, In or Bi and In. , Sb, In (excluding cases where In is contained in the base material), the total amount of the main material is 3 wt% or less, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 wt% or less, 0.01 wt%.
- the above is mixed and melted / alloyed to enhance the adhesion.
- the melting temperature of the low-temperature solder after melting and alloying is set to be the same as or lower than the melting temperature of the base metal.
- an auxiliary material made of an alloy containing one or more of Al, P, Sb, and In is mixed with the base material as needed to be melted and alloyed.
- an alloy of the auxiliary material it is made to be an alloy of Cu and P.
- a total of 3 wt% or less, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 wt% or less, and 0.1 wt% or more of Al, CuP as the main material and In, if necessary, are mixed in the base material to melt and alloy. I am trying to make it.
- the base material, main material, and auxiliary material are mixed together or divided into multiple parts to melt and alloy them.
- the above low-temperature solder is melt-coated on the surface of the wire and ribbon.
- melt coating is performed with ultrasonic waves applied.
- the present invention relates to low-temperature solder composed of Sn and Bi, In, or an alloy of Bi and In. P.
- the melting temperature of the low-temperature solder after melting and alloying was the same as or lower than the melting temperature of the base metal, and it was possible to eliminate the rise in the melting temperature due to mixing.
- FIG. 1 shows an explanatory diagram of low temperature solder production of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows a flowchart
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a material example.
- S1 prepares a base material and a main material. For this, the following materials shown in the material example of FIG. 1 (b) are prepared.
- the base material is a basic material (base material) of the alloy for forming the low-temperature solder of the present invention, and for example, Sn is 42 wt%.
- Bi used 58 wt% (melting temperature 139 ° C.) as one.
- the weight ratio of Sn and Bi may be arbitrary as long as the alloy can be produced, for example, Bi may be 3 to 58 wt% and the rest may be Sn.
- the ratio may be appropriately selected by experimenting with the melting temperature (the higher the Bi, the lower the temperature, and the melting temperature of 139 ° C. at 58 wt%) so as to obtain a desired value.
- the ratio may be appropriately selected as described in FIG. 5 and its description.
- the main material is the removal of the oxide film on the surface to be soldered and the adhesion when soldering. It is a material that affects soldering such as wettability, fluidity, and viscosity, and in the present invention, the total amount of the main material is up to 3 wt% or less, preferably 1 to 1.5 wt% or less, 0.01 wt% or more. It is a material.
- the main material is melted by mixing the main material with the base material rather than the melting temperature of the base material in combination with a total amount of 3 wt% or less, preferably 1 to 1.5 wt% or less, and a trace amount of 0.01 wt% or more.
- the melting temperature of the low temperature solder after alloying is equal to or slightly lower (for example, about 1 to 3 ° C lower). It is presumed that this is because the total amount of the main material is a small amount of 3 wt% or less, preferably 1 to 1.5 wt% or less with respect to the base material, so that it enters the skeleton of the base material and is re-skeletonized. Will be done.
- S2 mixes the main material with the base material. This mixes the main material with the base material prepared in S1.
- the base material and the main material are melted and alloyed. This is done by mixing the main material with the base material in S2, heating and melting, and stirring well to alloy. At this time, if the main material is oxidized by oxygen in the air and alloying is difficult, an inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas) may be blown into the crucible as necessary, or the crucible may be further inert. A gas-filled melting furnace or vacuum melting furnace is used.
- an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas
- the base material and the main material are prepared, mixed, melted and alloyed, whereby the low temperature solder (Sn-Bi system, Sn-In system, Sn-Bi-In system) according to the present invention is produced at a low temperature. (Solder) can be manufactured. This will be described in detail below.
- FIG. 2 shows an explanatory diagram of the low temperature solder material manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.
- the solder material 1 is the base material and the main material prepared in S1 of FIG. 1 described above, and here, it is a metal fragment (coarsely crushed).
- the solder material charging dish 2 is for loading the solder material 1 and charging it into the melting furnace 3.
- the melting furnace 3 is for heating with a heater 4 or the like, putting the solder material 1 inside, melting the base material and the main material, and stirring to alloy them.
- the melting furnace 3 usually melts the base material and the main material put into the atmosphere in the atmosphere, and stirs them to alloy them.
- an inert gas nitrogen gas, etc.
- the inert gas is filled (or vacuum exhausted) by sealing. ..
- the base material and the main material prepared in S1 of FIG. 1 are mixed, melted in the melting furnace 3, stirred and alloyed, and the low temperature solder (Sn-Bi system, Sn-In system) of the present invention is formed. , Sn-Bi-In type low temperature solder) can be manufactured.
- FIG. 3 shows an explanatory diagram of low temperature soldering of the lead wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A shows a flowchart
- FIG. 3B shows an example of a substrate / lead wire.
- S11 performs pre-soldering of the substrate pattern with low-temperature solder by ultrasonic waves.
- the low-temperature solder of the present invention (low-temperature solder manufactured in S4 of FIG. 1) is ultrasonically soldered to a portion (pattern) to be soldered to a solar cell substrate (PET plate 0.1 mmt, etc.). It is supplied to the tip of the iron to melt it, and ultrasonic waves are applied to solder the pattern portion on the substrate (referred to as ultrasonic pre-soldering) in advance.
- the lead wire is soldered with ultrasonic waves or without ultrasonic waves.
- ultrasonic waves are applied to a portion (pattern) pre-soldered with ultrasonic waves on an electrode (for example, an aluminum foil) of a solar cell substrate (PET plate) along a lead wire.
- the low temperature solder of the present invention is melted and the lead wire is soldered.
- the low temperature solder is pre-soldered to the lead wire, it is not necessary to supply the solder.
- the low-temperature solder of the present invention is pre-soldered (S11) using ultrasonic waves on the portion to be soldered (for example, the electrode portion (aluminum portion) of the substrate (PET plate) of the solar cell), and the pre-solder is applied.
- the electrode of the substrate of the conventional non-solderable solar cell It is possible to pre-solder a portion (aluminum foil portion) with ultrasonic waves and solder the lead wire on the portion (aluminum foil portion) with ultrasonic waves or without ultrasonic waves.
- ultrasonic soldering is performed at 10 W or less, usually about 1 to 3 W. If it is strong, it will damage the film (for example, nitride film) formed on the substrate of the solar cell and the crystals on the surface of the substrate, so it should not be strengthened.
- the film for example, nitride film
- FIG. 3B shows an example of a substrate / lead wire.
- the substrate is a heat-resistant resin substrate such as PET (for example, a flexible resin substrate having a thickness of about 0.1 mm), and it is extremely difficult to solder by normal soldering.
- PET for example, a flexible resin substrate having a thickness of about 0.1 mm
- the low-temperature solder having the adhesiveness of the present invention is ultrasonically pre-soldered to the portions (patterns) that become the electrodes (aluminum electrodes, copper electrodes, etc.) of these substrates.
- the lead wire can be soldered to the substrate (aluminum electrode, copper electrode) by ultrasonically soldering or soldering without ultrasonic waves to this pre-soldered part (pattern).
- the substrate aluminum electrode, copper electrode
- the lead wire is a lead wire that is soldered to an electrode portion (pattern) on a substrate by using low-temperature solder having the adhesiveness of the present invention, and is a wire (a circular copper wire of the present invention).
- the low-temperature solder of the present invention is applied to a wire obtained by solder-plating (ultrasonic solder-plating) low-temperature solder, a ribbon (a thin copper plate cut to a width of about 1 mm), and a ribbon (a thin copper plate cut to a width of about 1 mm). Soldering (ultrasonic soldering) in advance), etc.
- FIG. 4 shows an explanatory diagram of low temperature soldering of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A shows an example of preliminary soldering
- FIG. 4B shows an example of soldering a ribbon or a wire.
- the substrate (eg, PET plate 0.1 mmt) 11 is an example of a solar cell substrate, and an aluminum film (foil) 12 is formed on the entire back surface of the substrate 11, for example. It was formed.
- the aluminum film (foil) 12 is an electrode (aluminum electrode) in which an aluminum foil (film) is formed (adhered, vapor-deposited, etc.) on the entire back surface of the illustrated substrate (PET plate) 11 which is a substrate of a solar cell.
- the ultrasonic soldering iron tip 13 is a soldering iron tip that heats while applying ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic generator (not shown).
- the low temperature solder 14 is the low temperature solder of the present invention (low temperature solder manufactured in S4 of FIG. 1).
- the substrate 11 is conveyed onto a preheating table, vacuum-adsorbed and fixed, and preheated (for example, preheated to about 130 ° C.).
- Low-temperature solder 14 is automatically supplied to the tip 13 of the ultrasonic soldering iron shown in the figure from the start point to the end point of the electrode pattern (strip-shaped pattern) formed on the aluminum film (foil) 12.
- An ultrasonic wave is applied while melting, and the aluminum film (foil) 12 is moved at a constant speed in a state where the aluminum film (foil) 12 is brought close to the aluminum film (foil) 12 so as not to be rubbed, and a strip-shaped preliminary solder pattern is formed on the aluminum film (foil) 12.
- the low temperature solder 14 of the present invention can be soldered at a low temperature on the aluminum film (foil) 12 with a preliminary solder pattern of a predetermined pattern.
- FIG. 4B shows an example of low temperature soldering of a ribbon or wire.
- the ultrasonic soldering iron tip 13-1 is a soldering iron tip that is heated with or without applying ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic generator (not shown).
- the ribbon or wire 15 with low temperature solder is a ribbon or wire obtained by pre-soldering the low temperature solder of the present invention in advance. It should be noted that the wire 15 has better solderability when it is slightly deformed into an elliptical shape.
- the ribbon or wire 15 in which the low-temperature solder 14 of the present invention is pre-soldered can be soldered to the portion of the pre-solder pattern on the aluminum film (foil) 12.
- the quality of soldering with ultrasonic waves and soldering without ultrasonic waves of the present invention is determined by soldering the ribbon or wire to the soldering target portion with ultrasonic waves or soldering without ultrasonic waves, and then the ribbon or wire. Pull with a force slightly weaker than the force to crack the substrate (bending force, about 2 to 5 kg), and if it does not peel off from the substrate, it is judged to be good, and if it peels off, it is judged to be bad.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the composition of the low temperature solder of the present invention.
- the base material and the main material are the distinctions between the base material and the main material described in FIG.
- the composition example is a composition example of the base material and the main material.
- the wt% example is an example of wt% of the composition of the base material and the main material.
- the wt% range is an example of the wt% range of the composition of the base material and the main material.
- Figure 5 shows the composition, wt% example, and wt% range as shown below.
- Base material Main material Remarks Composition example Sn-Bi alloy Al P Sb In Melting point: Example 139 °C (In is excluded when it is contained in the base metal) Sn-In alloy melting point: eg 120 ° C SnBi-In alloy melting point: eg 90 ° C wt% Example Sn Bi In Al CuP8 Sb In 42 58 --0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 52 --48 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 A A / 2 A 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 wt% range 0.1 trace amount 0.1 0.1
- the composition range may be stable as long as low-temperature solder alloys (Sn-Bi-based, Sn-In-based, Sn-Bi-In-based solder alloys) can be produced.
- Sn-Bi-based solder alloys may be used.
- Bi 3 wt% to 58 wt% may be used, and the rest may be Sn.
- the melting temperature of the prepared low-temperature solder alloy (base material) may be actually measured and appropriately selected in an experiment.
- the total amount of the main material is preferably 3 wt% or less, preferably 1 to 1.5 wt% or less, and 0.1 wt% or more.
- the addition of the main material within this range is about the same as or slightly lower than the melting temperature of the base material.
- FIG. 6 shows a prototype example of the low temperature solder of the present invention.
- the illustration shows an example of a large number of prototypes that can be used for soldering in FIG. 4 described above. Those that cannot be used are omitted.
- the base material of the low-temperature solder of the present invention (low-temperature solder manufactured in S4 of FIG. 1) is -Sn52 / In48 (melting point: 120 ° C.) -Sn42 / Bi58 (melting point: 139 ° C.) -Sn48 / Bi52 (melting point :) -Sn40 / In40 / Bi20 (melting point: 90 ° C.) 4 types were used.
- the main material used was a metal material of Al, CuP8, In (0.5 wt% each).
- CuP8 copper phosphate having a P content of 8 wt% and a residue of Cu was used.
- the sample No. is the number of the prototype sample.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of soldering the low temperature solder of the present invention.
- -ultrasonic waves are a distinction between soldering with ultrasonic waves and soldering without ultrasonic waves.
- the object to be soldered is a material to be soldered using the low-temperature solder sample of FIG. 7 of the present invention, and is an Ai plate (0.1 mmt), a Cu plate (0.1 mmt), and a Cu wire (0). It is a distinction between .3 to 0.4 mm ⁇ ) / ribbon (100 ⁇ mt, 50 ⁇ mt, 30 ⁇ mt) and Si wafer (0.2 mmt).
- ⁇ ⁇ indicates the excellent adhesion of the low-temperature solder of the present invention to the object to be soldered (the force with which the Si wafer cracks when a 0.4 mm ⁇ tin-plated wire is soldered and pulled (tensile strength of about 1 to 5 kg). Also represents a slightly weaker force).
- ⁇ ⁇ indicates the weak adhesion of the low-temperature solder of the present invention to the soldering target (a state in which the tin-plated wire of 0.4 mm ⁇ is peeled off when a little force is applied when it is soldered and pulled).
- FIG. 8 shows a soldering example (metal-metal) of the low temperature solder of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A shows an example of soldering.
- the soldering conditions are as shown in the figure.
- -Solder melting point Approximately 138 ° C ⁇
- Maximum process temperature 180 °C or less
- the low-temperature solder used was made by adding 0.5 wt% each of Al, CuP, and In to Sn 42 wt% and Bi 58 wt% (hereinafter, FIGS. 8 to 13 will be described using an example of using this low-temperature solder). .. The same applies to the low temperature solders of other Sn—In alloys and SN—Bi alloys.
- FIG. 8A as shown in the figure, a sheet to which an aluminum foil is adhered to a PET pace film using a Co-PET adhesive is cut to the dimensions shown in the figure. Then, as shown in the figure, the surfaces of the aluminum foils are partially overlapped on the upper and lower sides, and the low-temperature solder (Sn—Bi low-temperature solder) of the present invention is soldered to the overlapping portions.
- the low-temperature solder Sn—Bi low-temperature solder
- the soldering method is, for example, pre-soldering to the upper and lower aluminum foil portions with low temperature solder.
- soldering by applying ultrasonic waves can be reliably soldered.
- the pre-solder part on the upper aluminum foil that was pre-soldered and the pre-solder part on the lower aluminum foil are overlapped as shown in the figure, the whole is held down with the soldering iron tip from above, and the low temperature solder is melted and soldered. Attach. At this time, ultrasonic soldering can be performed reliably.
- the aluminum foils adhered to the PET pace film surface could be soldered to each other at low temperature. Soldering without ultrasonic waves is also possible, but it is definitely preferable to solder with ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 8B shows an example of a soldering photograph. These photographs show an example of a photograph in which an elongated aluminum foil is placed sideways on a PET surface and only the illustrated "soldered portion" in the central portion thereof is ultrasonically low-temperature soldered. The aluminum foil was strongly soldered to the PET surface at the "soldered part" shown.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of bonding PET films of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A shows a flowchart
- FIG. 9B shows an explanatory diagram thereof.
- S21 fixes the film to the sponge.
- a film for example, PET film
- a heat-resistant sponge for example, fixed with a heat-resistant polyimide tape coated with an adhesive.
- solder is attached to the tip of the iron.
- (b-2) on the right side a large amount of the low-temperature solder of the present invention is attached to the tip of the iron.
- S23 is soldered with ultrasonic waves so that the tip of the iron does not hit the film.
- S25 cuts the soldering area size of the copper plate.
- the copper plate is pressed with the tip of an iron like an iron.
- S27 is completed after confirming that the melted solder overflows from the edge. As shown in (b-4) on the right side, these S26 and S27 are pressed from the top of a copper plate with good thermal conductivity with a trowel tip (with ultrasonic waves), and the low-temperature solder on the pre-soldered joint surface melts and ends. To the extent that it overflows from. As a result, when the tip of the iron was applied directly to the film, the film did not melt or soften and shrink, and ultrasonic low-temperature soldering was possible as if it had been ironed.
- FIG. 9C shows an example of soldering conditions.
- An example of the soldering conditions of FIGS. 9A and 9 described above is shown. Here, the following conditions were set. ⁇ Iron tip temperature: 175 °C ⁇ 5 °C ⁇ Slidac setting value: 14 ⁇ Lining material: Poron sponge ⁇ Ultrasonic output: 10W
- FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of soldering.
- Al aluminum foil (ultrasonic pre-soldered) bonded to the PET surface via a polyimide tape is ultrasonically low-temperature soldered to each other instead of the copper plate of FIG. 9A.
- the cross-sectional schematic diagram of is shown. In this case, if a polyimide tape coated with an adhesive material is attached so as to surround only the portion to be soldered, it is possible to prevent low-temperature soldering to unnecessary portions.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of an experimental low-temperature solder laying material of the present invention. This shows an example of soldering with and without ultrasonic waves under the conditions of FIGS. 8 and 9 described above. In the low temperature soldering of the present application, for example, the following results were obtained.
- cellulose / resin materials can also be soldered by the low-temperature solder of the present invention (ultrasonic soldering and preheating (a temperature about 10 degrees lower than the melting temperature) as necessary). Solder).
- FIG. 10B shows a photograph example of the bedding material of FIG. 10A.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the joining test result of the low temperature solder of the present invention.
- the experimental results represent the following.
- * 1 Joinability: A 0.2 mm ⁇ wire was joined and an adhesion of 300 g or more was judged to be ⁇ .
- * 2 US non-display can be adhered without ultrasonic waves
- * 3 29 PET is No. for propskite. It is one candidate.
- the metals shown in the figure of FIG. 11 (1 silver, 2 copper, 3 aluminum, etc.) could be soldered at low temperature with and without ultrasonic waves.
- Inorganic materials formed by firing the oxides shown in FIG. 11 (7 alumina, 8 barium titanate, 10 silicon carbide, 11 silicon nitride, 12 fluorite, 13 quartz, 14 ceramics (pottery), etc.). was capable of low temperature soldering with and without ultrasonic waves.
- the cellulose / resins (16 polyethylene, 17 polypropylene, ..., 29 PET, etc.) shown in the figure of FIG. 11 could be soldered at a low temperature with ultrasonic waves.
- 4 cutting boards, 6 cork boards and the like shown in FIG. 10 described above could be ultrasonically soldered.
- FIG. 12 shows an experimental example of a bedding material (without preheating) of the ultrasonic output of the present invention.
- FIG. 12A shows an example of experimental conditions. Here, the experiment was conducted under the following experimental conditions. ⁇ Iron tip temperature: 180 ⁇ 5 °C ⁇ Slidac setting value (V): 14 ⁇ Sunbonder display temperature (°C): 180 ⁇ 5 ⁇ Lining material: Boron sponge
- FIG. 12B shows an example of an experimental result of ultrasonic output.
- the ultrasonic output (W) indicates the ultrasonic power W applied to the tip of the iron.
- -Soldering property indicates workability, good soldering, etc.
- ⁇ Adhesion during bending was judged by how the film peeled off when bent.
- -The film effect indicates how damage is caused when the soldering iron is applied.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a temperature cycle test of the low temperature solder of the present invention. This shows the interim results at 337.8H of the temperature cycle test. At the time of this interim result, there was no change in the adhesion between the start of the experiment and the interim result in both ultrasonic soldering and non-ultrasonic soldering.
- Solder material 2 Solder material input dish 3: Melting furnace 4: Heater 11: Substrate (Example: PET plate 0.1 mmt) 12: Aluminum film (foil) 13, 13-1: Ultrasonic soldering iron tip 14: Low temperature solder 15: Ribbon or wire with low temperature soldering
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Abstract
Description
・主材:Al、GuP、In
ここで、母材は、本発明の低温半田を形成する合金の基本となる材料(母材)であって、例えばSnが42wt%。Biが58wt%(熔融温度139℃)を1つとして用いた。Sn,Biの重量比は合金を作成できる範囲で任意、例えばBiが3から58wt%、残りをSnとすればよい。いずれの割合にするかは溶融温度(Biが多いほど低温になり、58wt%のときに熔融温度139℃)などを実験して所望の値となるように適宜、割合を選択すればよい。尚、他の低温半田、Sn-In系,Sn-Bi-In系についても同様に図5とその説明に記載したように適宜、割合を選択すればよい。
も僅かに弱い力で引っ張り、基板等から剥がれないときに良、剥がれたときに不良と判定する。
組成例 Sn-Bi合金 Al P Sb In 融点:例139℃ (Inは母材に含まれる場合は除く)
Sn-In合金 融点:例120℃
SnBi-In合金 融点:例90℃
wt%例 Sn Bi In Al CuP8 Sb In
42 58 -- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
52 -- 48 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
A A/2 A 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
wt%範囲 0.1 微量 0.1 0.1
| |(P) | |
1.0 0.1 1.0 1.0
総量:最大3wt%、好ましく1.0-1.5wt%以下
ここで、組成例として、試作では母材は図示のSn42wt%、Bi58wt%を用いた。また、組成範囲は、低温半田合金(Sn-Bi系、Sn-In系、Sn-Bi-In系半田合金)が作成可能な範囲で安定であればよく、例えばSn-Bi系半田合金は、Bi3wt%から58wt%、残りをSnとしたものでよく、作成した低温半田合金(母材)の溶融温度などを実測して実験で適宜選択すればよい。
・Sn52/In48(融点:120℃)
・Sn42/Bi58(融点:139℃)
・Sn48/Bi52(融点: )
・Sn40/In40/Bi20(融点:90℃)
の4種類を用いた。
・超音波は、超音波ありの半田付け、超音波なしの半田付けの区別である。
図8の(a)は半田付け例を示す。ここでは、半田条件は図示のように、
・半田融点:約138℃
・プロセス最高温度:180℃以下
そして、予備半田した上側のアルミ箔の上の予備半田部分と、下側のアルミ箔の予備半田部分を図示のように重ね、全体を上から半田コテ先で抑え、低温半田を熔融して半田付けする。この際、超音波半田付けすると確実に半田付けできる。
図9は、本発明のPETフィルム貼り合わせ例を示す。
図9の(a)はフローチャートを示し、図9の(b)はその説明図を示す。
S23は、コテ先がフィルムに当たらないように超音波ではんだ付けする。
S26は、銅板をアイロンのようにコテ先で押さえる、
S27は、溶けたハンダが端からあふれるものを確認し、完成する。これらS26,S27は、右側の(b-4)に示すように、熱伝導性良好な銅板の上からコテ先(超音波有り)で押さえる付けると予備半田した接合面の低温半田が溶けて端からあふれる程度にする。これにより、コテ先を直接にフィルムにあてると当該フィルムが熔融したり、やわらかくなって収縮したりなどすること無く、アイロンをかけたように綺麗に超音波低温半田付けできた。
・コテ先温度 :175℃±5℃
・スライダック設定値:14
・敷材 :ポロンスポンジ
・超音波出力 :10W
・3 SUS板 予備加熱すれば、低温半田付け可
(超音波半田付け、以下同様)
・4 カッティングボード 予備加熱なしで低温半田付け可
・5 MDF 同上
・6 コルクボード 同上
・7 アクリル板 同上
・9 EPDMスポンジゴム 同上
・10 NRスポンジゴム 同上
・11 ボロンスポンジ 同上
・12 NRゴムシート 予備加熱すれば、低温半田付け可
ことが判明した(必要に応じて超音波半田付け、予備加熱(熔融温度より10度程度低い温度)して半田付けする)。
図11は、本発明の低温半田の接合テスト結果例を示す。ここで、実験結果は、下記を表す。
*1:接合可否:0.2mmφワイヤーを接合して300g以上の密着力を〇と判定し
た。
*2:US無表示は、超音波無しでも密着可
*3:29のPETはプロプスカイト用のNo.1候補である。
また、図11の図中に示す酸化物を焼成して形成した無機材(7 アルミナ、8 チタン酸バリウム、10 炭化ケイ素、11 窒化ケイ素、12 蛍石、13 石英、14 セラミック(陶器)など)は、、超音波有り、超音波無しで低温半田付け可能であった。
ピレン、・・・、29 PETなど)は、、超音波有りで低温半田付け可能であった。この他に、既述した図10に示す、4 カッティングボード、6 コルクボードなどが超音波半田付け可能であった。
図12の(a)は、実験条件例を示す。ここでは、下記の実験条件で実験した。
・コテ先温度:180±5℃
・スライダック設定値(V):14
・サンボンダ表示温度(℃):180±5
・敷材 :ボロンスポンジ
・超音波出力(W)は、コテ先に印加する超音波電力Wを示す。
・半田付け性は、作業性、はんだの乗りの良さなどを示す。
・曲げ時の密着は、フィルムを曲げた際のはがれ方で判断した。
・フィルム影響は、はんだコテを当てた時のダメージの入り方を示す。
この実験結果から、超音波出力約7W以上(好ましくは10W程度)で3つの項目につ
いて良好な結果(超音波半田付け結果)が得られることが判明した。
2:半田材料投入皿
3:溶融炉
4:ヒーター
11:基板(例:PET板0.1mmt)
12:アルミニウム膜(箔)
13、13ー1:超音波半田コテ先端
14:低温半田
15:低温半田付きリボン又はワイヤー
Claims (20)
- Snと、Bi、あるいはIn、あるいはBiとIn、との合金からなる低温半田において、
Snと、Bi、あるいはIn,あるいはBiとIn、との合金である母材に、Al、P、Sb、In(母材にInが含まれる場合を除く)のうちの1つ以上からなる主材を、合計最大3wt%以下、好ましくは1.0ないし1.5wt%以下、0.01wt%以上を混入して溶融・合金化し、密着力を増強したことを特徴とする低温半田。 - 前記溶融・合金化した後の低温半田の溶融温度は、前記母材の溶融温度と同じあるいは低いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の低温半田。
- Al、P、Sb、Inのうちの1つ以上を含有する合金からなる副材を、必要に応じて前記母材に混入して溶融・合金化したことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項2のいずれかに記載の低温半田。
- 前記副材の合金として、CuとPとの合金としたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の低温半田。
- 前記母材に、前記主材としてAl、CuP、必要に応じてInを、合計最大3wt%以下、好ましくは1.0ないし1.5wt%以下、0.1wt%以上を混入して溶融・合金化したことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の低温半田。
- 前記母材、主材、副材をまとめてあるいは複数に分けて混合して溶融・合金化することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の低温半田。
- 太陽電池基板、液晶基板の電極に、リード線の半田付けに用いることを特徴とする請求項1から請求6のいずれかに記載の低温半田。
- 前記溶融・合金化し、密着力を増強したとして、半田付けする対象である、金属については合金化、酸化物を焼成して形成した無機材については焼結、およびセルロース/樹脂材については表面の凹凸の隙間に入って固化して固着する密着力の1つ以上を増強したこ
とを特徴とした請求項1に記載の低温半田。 - 請求項8において、前記金属は少なくともアルミニウム、銅、鉄、ステンレス、シリコンであり、前記無機材は少なくともガラス、セラミックであり、前記セルロース/樹脂は少なくとも紙、木材、樹脂フィルム、樹脂ファイバー、カーボンファイバーであることを特徴とする低温半田。
- 前記溶融・合金化し、密着力を増強したとして、前記Sn-Bi合金では少なくとも熔融する139℃、前記Sn-In合金では少なくとも熔融する120℃、前記Sn-In-Bi合金では熔融する90℃から各10℃以上の高い温度で半田付けして密着力を増強したことを特徴とする請求項8から請求項9のいずれかに記載の低温半田。
- 前記半田付けは、超音波半田付けであることを特徴とする請求項8から請求項10のいずれかに記載の低温半田。
- 請求項1から請求項7に記載の低温半田を、線材、リボンの表面に溶融塗布したことを特徴とする低温半田被覆リード線。
- 前記溶融塗布は、超音波を印加した状態で溶融塗布したことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の低温半田被覆リード線。
- Snと、Bi、あるいはIn、あるいはBiとIn、との合金からなる低温半田の製造方法において、
Snと、Bi、あるいはIn,あるいはBiとIn、との合金である母材に、Al、P、Sb、In(母材にInが含まれる場合を除く)のうちの1つ以上からなる主材を、合計最大3wt%以下、好ましくは1.0ないし1.5wt%以下、0.01wt%以上を混合するステップと、
前記混合した材料を溶融して合金化するステップと、
を有し、密着力を増強したことを特徴とする低温半田の製造方法。 - 前記溶融・合金化した後の低温半田の溶融温度は、前記母材の溶融温度と同じあるいは低いことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の低温半田の製造方法。
- Al、P、Sb、Inのうちの1つ以上を含有する合金からなる副材を、必要に応じて前記母材に混入して溶融・合金化したことを特徴とする請求項14から請求項15のいずれかに記載の低温半田の製造方法。
- 前記副材の合金として、CuとPとの合金としたことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の低温半田の製造方法。
- 前記母材に、前記主材としてAl、CuP、必要に応じてInを、合計最大3wt%以下、好ましくは1.0ないし1.5wt%以下、0.1wt%以上を混入して溶融・合金化したことを特徴とする請求項14から請求項17のいずれかに記載の低温半田の製造方法。
- 前記母材、主材、副材をまとめてあるいは複数に分けて混合して溶融・合金化することを特徴とする請求項10から請求項14のいずれかに記載の低温半田の製造方法。
- 太陽電池基板、液晶基板の電極に、リード線の半田付けに用いることを特徴とする請求項14から請求18のいずれかに記載の低温半田の製造方法。
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